ACCA SBL TOP 25 TOPICS REVISION | HASAN DOSSANI | Complete course | VIFHE - Virtual Institute For Higher Education

hi good evening everybody and a big

welcome to all of you in our

grand revision

session today this is hassan busan and

and

today is a big day

it is just two three days left for the

exam and today we will try to just

wrap up just revise

the important topics and

do some extra things so

so [Music]

[Music]

there are three broad things we will be

covering today

okay the first one will be

uh we will try and talk about the top

25 important topics i will quickly or we

will quickly revise the topics

it's very important right that you are

familiar with the topic okay

after that we will go through all the

case studies we have done

during the last

three weeks

and we will try to memorize or recall

what were the main points for each and

every question

and in the last leg of tonight um we

will like talk about exam techniques

technical articles

and i will take a lot of questions okay

right so uh let me just second there's

our salon i don't know it will i don't

we will start with this one okay our top

uh quick revision handout ultra

summarized notes i hope everybody has it

please can you all open up a microsoft

word document on your machines

open up a blank word document because

today i will you will be typing on your

word document right

all right so

that's a brief introduction more most of

you are aware of me by now

this is a list of important models so

there are 10 important models which you

must be familiar with

with okay

okay

and we will just touch upon each of them

one by one

microsoft word document should be ready

all of you

if you really want to make the most of

today's session then you must

be ready with your microsoft word

all right

so the first topic is external

environment okay

and there are two types of external

environment one is called country

environment and the other one is called

industry environment

the country environment has many names

it is also called

macro environment it is also called the

general environment and the model which

we use is pestel

the industry environment is also has

many names it is known as micro

environment it is also known as industry

environment or marketplace environment

it is also known as competitive

environment and the model we use is

quota 5.

so i have a question

if the question says

analyze the general environment

someone said both

very bad

if i repeat the question if the question

says analyze the analyze the general environment

environment

then you can't have both right it is simply

simply

general environment is another name for

country environment and you will use pastel

pastel

these guys do not make these silly

mistakes on the last day okay

if the question says analyze the

external environment then which models

both yes both is correct

if it says analyze the external

environment external environment

includes both pastel and porter

but if it says analyze general

environment then we will just use pestle

if it says analyze industry environment

or competitive environment we will just

use sporter 5 but if it says external

environment we will use both models

as much as possible it also depends how

much information is provided

am i clear guys this is the first

fundamental where the examiner plays

with you

you have to be very clear the moment you

show a weakness here you will lose marks now

now

pastel please type on your word document

what does pastel stand for time starts now

now

please type on your word document what

let's try to [Music]

[Music] okay

okay

here please type on your word document

very good

so pastel is political economy social

technological ecological and legal

so political

it talks about government

government

government policies government subsidies

government approval or license political

situation of the country even taxes

anything to do with government comes

under political

economy it talks about economy economic

growth economic downturn recession in in inflation

inflation

all those things who are also part of economy

economy

social will talk about prosperous

developed nation standard of living population

population

unemployment all these are social

aspects technology will talk about machineries

machineries

skilled workers i.t

internet roads and infrastructure all

this are club under technological

ecological we'll talk about earth right

so co2 emission carbons recycling

pollution all those things

and legal will talk about all the laws

and regulations so words like laws

regulations legislations

this one is very important patent

trademark copyrights they are all part

okay

now the very important thing is that you

need to mention favorable or unfavorable

very clearly in your answer

whether the

factor is favorable for our business

or unfavorable for our business

and the impact

why do you say it's favorable or why do

you say it's unfavorable you have to

give some logic some justification

that's the impact and the third thing is

overlapping points so in pastel

one point can fit into multiple places like

like

it can fit into political as well as it

can fit into legal

so there is a overlapping margin so it's

allowed so just your argument or impact

might be different

please are salaam i don't want you to

ask questions such basic questions

because you have joined very late right

so those of you who has just joined in

last week

this this is not a detailed session okay

you have access to the recordings you

can go through it but i don't want you

to ask

so basic questions that i have to stop

everything and go into the details this

is not a detailed session so those of

you who have joined very late it is not

a session for you you just listen and

quota five forces as we know is a model

we use for industry or micro environment

please can you write the five factors

type on your word document the five

factors which are used

anu what are you doing

please type the five factors

done very good what are the quarter five

forces all of you have typed on your word

word [Music]

right so the first one is power of

custom bargaining power of

customer bargaining power of supplier

threat of new entrants threat of competition

competition

and threat of substitute product

bargaining power of customer we have to

assess whether uh

uh

the customer bargaining power is high

or low

okay we have to assess

how can you assess there are certain factors

factors

like you can look at the size of the customer

customer

you can look at any if you have any

brand or uniqueness in our product

is the customer willing to pay any

premium these are the things based on

which you can decide who has the upper

hand whether the customer has upper hand

or you have upper hand for example you

versus acca

you are access customers right they earn

revenue from you

right obviously right so

from their point of view customer

bargaining power is high or low

from acc's point of view the customer

bargaining power of their customers or

student is high or low low right

very good

similarly power of supplier in this we

look at the bargaining power of our

suppliers now so who are suppliers

suppliers are people

from whom we buy

raw materials

obviously we want the bargaining power

of supplier to be high or low

what do you think as a company we want

the bargaining power of our suppliers to

be high or low no yes

yes

i want my power to behind his power to

be low so that i can screw him

i can negotiate i can get discounts i

can get credit if i have strong

bargaining power

very good

again size of supplier

are we willing to pay any premium

are there other suppliers in the markets

all these factors will help you decide

threat of new entrants we basically look

for barriers to

entry okay

are there any barriers if there are any

various if the barrier is high

then threat is low that is opposite relationship

relationship

if any strong barrier is present

then the threat of new entrant is

obviously low right

what are the examples of various example

of barriers

most commonly used in your exam is patents

patents

government approvals or government

licenses franchise

all these are very good examples of

barriers and if any of these is present

in your scenario then the threat of new

threat of competition obviously all case

study will will provide you information

about the level of competition

so far i have always seen that in your

exams the level of competition is always intense

intense

or high so the keywords is competition

market share

all these you know are factors through

which you can assess whether the

competition is high or low and then

there is threat of substitute products

you will look for words like substitute

and alternatives based on that you need

to assess whether the threat of

substitute is high or low

the main thing is for each factor you

have to mention whether it is high or

low and then you have to give your logic your

your

justification why you are saying it's

high or low okay

okay

okay in your exams

supposing information is only available

for three factors

or four factors out of five it is also

possible right that

you may not find the information about

all the factors sometime it happens that

one of the factors like alt

substitute product nothing is mentioned

or nothing is mentioned

about the supplier

it's okay then you just talk about the

three factors which is available and

leave the rest okay

guys are we very clear on pastel and

are you guys very clear on pastel

there are six factors in pastel pastel

is used for wider country environment or

general environment and there are five

factors in proto5 quarter five is used for

for

industry environment

uh yes libra what are you saying

today uh you think you are not in the right

right

impact justifications everything is

there okay all right [Music]

[Music]

the last thing is something called

strategic position analysis

whenever the question says analyze the strategic

strategic

position of abc company

then always you have to cover these

three things

a strategic position includes three

things remember

strategic position includes three things [Music]

[Music]

you may need to talk about the country

environment obviously which model pastel

model you will need to talk about the

micro industry environment which model

proto5 model and then in addition to

these two

you will also need to talk about

internal environment or internal factors

which we know what are the internal

factors human resource financial

resource i.t and brand so these three

components one two and three together

they are known as

strategic position

obviously it is a very lengthy question

because you have to do a pastel you have

to do a port of five and then you have

to do internal factors so at least at

least a question with which asks you about

about

analyzing the strategic position will at

least be 15 or 18 marks should be otherwise

otherwise

you know

eight marks 10 marks

then you are misunderstanding the

requirement it's something else it

cannot be less than 15 marks because

there are two or three bottles right any

water diamond no please please stay away

from did i mention porter diamond anywhere

anywhere

it's not even on my list okay

i think these are the new guys who are

just joined today or they have never

joined and just

they just today was the grand revisions

and they just thought of attending a

class today and now they you are asking

these questions which have already

always been

you know clarified so long

yes ismail this is so annoying

i think i made a mistake by inviting

if you are a new joiner or you have not

attended classes

please this is a revision session do not

share your thoughts here you're

confusing everybody okay

just be a silent audience

guys clear okay so pastel porter and

strategic position these are the three topics

if the question says analyze the comp advantage

advantage

we did that yesterday brazula

it's internal yeah competitive advantage

is internal okay

okay good

good

now the next topic is sfa framework

what does sfa stands for

uh suitability feasibility and acceptability

acceptability

the first thing you need to understand is

is

when do we use this model

even in the exam you will use this model

when we plan to

acquire another country so this is the

key word acquisition or acquire

whenever in your exam a question comes

about acquisition that the company is

thinking of acquiring some other company

then only you will apply

if the question does not talk about

acquisition stay away from sfa from exam

and of course the mark should also be uh

uh um

um

at least 15 marks for sfa right it's a

very lengthy model if it's anything less

than 15 marks it's something wrong mobile

okay so

suitability talks about external factors

there are three paragraphs under

suitability you will talk about home

country you will talk about target

country and then you will talk about target

target

company both of these

all these three are external thing home

countries an external environment target country

country

is external and the target company which

we are planning to acquire is external right

right

feasibility talks about internal factors

and there are three paragraphs again the

first you will talk about human resource

and expertise

that whether do we have acquisition

experience from the past

do we have experience of managing the

businesses do we have experience of

working in overseas countries if applicable

applicable

all these aspects is human resource

financial resource

do we have funds to acquire the company

you look at the gearing ratios

and the third paragraph is technology and

and brand

brand

under acceptability

you look at the financials of the target company

company

okay of the target company so there are

again three paragraphs will the

shareholders shareholders acceptance

cultural differences

and the financial projections of the

target country

is that

clear so sfa

sfa

has suitability feasibility

acceptability and within these three

there are three paragraphs each

please on your word document can you

please type sfa

sfa

then you type suitability what are the

three things feasibility what are the

three things

acceptability what are the three things

please type i'm waiting

yes ananya

sir i have a question in acceptable

inaccessibility can you please explain

you know like if it is an uh

family-owned business can you please

type first

[Music]

yeah once you're done please type done

there will be nine headings three broad

three main headings and within the three

main headings there will be three sub

headings so total

or salon please okay

you cannot beat her

okay done all right so ananya asked how

if it's a listed company how we will do

the shareholder

acceptance so if it's a family company

family owned or a private company

so it is automatically acceptable

because the board of directors

are the family members right so if the

board of directors are proposing the

acquisition deal automatically

they will approve as shareholders as

well because they are one and the same persons

persons

okay in a family business or a private

company the owners and the directors are

almost same but if it's a listed company

in a listed company the shareholders

will be different

and the board of directors will be different

different

then the shareholders will accept if it

has a positive or npv or a reasonable

npv so you will be given financial

projections if there is a positive npv uh

uh

then why not then you will say that it

will it's possible that the shareholders

will approve because

the proposal has a positive npv of three

million dollars or xyz okay

okay is the conclusion required

many students they ask that after our

answer of sfa do we need to conclude

my simple answer is avoid conclusions if

the question does not specifically ask

for conclusions okay

do not offer be generous do not be

generous do not offer your conclusion

unnecessarily unless the question says [Music]

what will be the difference in pera one

and para three like uh

while reviewing the financial

projections uh maybe

i am feeling that uh it will be almost

same paraman and para p material is it

there is a big difference there between

para one and para three para three is

all about projections you will be

challenging the projections right

remember we've done many questions

like five five factors we have to check

that will be included here there are

three yes okay

okay

and then

whether the shareholders will accept or

not what will be your assessment

like whether this project is beneficial

or not for the sure uh

will they approve or not

okay okay that's it it's a subjective

para and whereas para three is all calculations

calculations okay

all right now sometimes your sfa may get

if you feel that you don't want to use

sfa model

it's okay

it is not compulsory to use any model in

spl anyways you know this by now so if

you don't want to use sfa then you can

use a general approach to

analyze whether we should acquire the

company or not but give some broad

headings you can give first heading

could be external factors internal

factors and financials these are the

three broad headings under which you can

cover your answer

without using sfa

you can talk about external factors

if you can talk about internal factors

and the third heading would be financials

financials okay

okay

and i've also mentioned here that you

know if you feel that there's a problem

you're struggling with sfa please watch

these webinars

for practice okay

what's the crew yeah it's a it's a crow

okay now next topic is sword sword

sword

most of us know swat right short stands

for strength weakness opportunity and

threat strengths and weaknesses are

internal opportunities and threats are external

guys can you please stop chatting with

can you focus on the main thing rather

now swat

after swot there is something called

toes metrics so toes matrix is a outcome or

or

it's attached with swap

what is a toes matrix

it is a 4 box on the x-axis you will

weakness

opportunities and threats okay

this box is s o like s from here

and y o from here okay

okay

so means

use your strength to grab opportunities

wo means

remove your weakness to avail

opportunities st means

use your strengths to avoid threats

and wt means remove your weakness to

avoid threats okay

squat and toes have not been tested

maybe sword months but toes has never

come but i just thought i will share

toes because it is a model attached with sword

yes usman you're right so uh

those has not been tested so in the exam if

if

they ask you to analyze a swot and

suggest options then you may use toes

otherwise no need to use models as well

based on swat you can suggest some strategies

okay yeah okay

okay

corporate parenting is another topic

which has never been tested so far so i

will just give you a very quick overview

so that

if it comes which is very unlikely that

at least you know what to do so

corporate parenting means it talks about

a group of companies like there's a head office

office

and then it has got so many subsidiaries okay

okay

so i know for fact in india there's tata group

group

it's a group with so many businesses

under that group so you will see in real

life multinationals are like that

in real life you will see that uh you know

know yes

yes uh

uh

there are groups which have so many

businesses under them they own stakes in

so many businesses so

corporate parenting is

no oh my after two hours

you can you can go for a break uh

uh

corporate parenting is that there's a group

group

a parent or a head office and it has got

many childs and

and

do you guys think that the head office

they will be monitoring the performance

obviously

right that's the job of the head office

that's the job of the parent that all

the investments he has made in its

subsidiaries they will definitely be

monitoring the performance

which subsidiary is performing

extremely good which one is just average

which one is really bad should we divest

should we invest more should we just let

it continue

all these is based on analysis

so in an exam a possible question can be

that analyze the performance

of your subsidiaries okay

okay

so for

for example a three data about three

subsidiaries or four subsidiaries might

be given to you and you will be asked to

analyze the relative performance of the subsidiaries

subsidiaries so

so

whenever you get question like a group

accounts or

there's a head office and they want to

analyze the performance of their sub

here the five things you can analyze

for each subsidiary you can look at the

five things

industry growth

that whatever industry the sub is in sub

means subsidiary

is that industry in growth phase

or is that industry mature

or is that industry in decline phase

that's the first thing then you look at

the market share percentage of your sub

so market share is basically

the revenue of your the turnover of your sub

sub

by the industry turnover so it tells us

how much

uh share our subsidiary has

we look at the market share

trend whether the markets our market

share is increasing or maintained

or declining okay

okay

we look at the profit margins of our sub

whether the profit margin like gp margin

increasing or declining

then you then you can also do a bcg

assessment which is like um

um

it's a small model in which

you decide whether it's a star company

or a cash cow or a dog or a question mark

mark

all right and

and

what is this so you can watch

this webinar for more details it's all

right and then you can lastly talk about

strength and weaknesses

of the sub

so just remember these five things

and for more details you can watch this

but i would not suggest that you spend

time on non-important topics in the last

three days so you can just avo you know

choose to ignore yes and then yeah

so can you please explain the market

share point again

can you please watch this video because

i don't want to spend time on

non-important topics

now there is a possible model called and soft

soft

you must just know about these

terminologies no need for models so

every company wants to grow right

every company wants to

grow they want to increase their revenue

so there are four ways of increasing

revenue it's a growth model you see and soft

soft uh

uh

growth model [Music]

[Music]

there are four ways to go you know

either you grow through your existing

business like existing products

existing markets you just improve the

quality of the product you improve the

marketing of your products you improve the

after sales services of your product

just the usual things to

increase your market share that's called penetration

penetration

another way to increase is

called product development if you want

to increase revenue you can develop

or add

new products to your portfolio

so if i'm just teaching sbl

i will start teaching a

a

triple a

that's another product so that's a

product development

obviously my total income will increase

the other option is

market development that if i'm just

selling in pakistan or just i'm selling

in india you add more markets so if you

are just selling in mumbai

start having a branch in delhi

if you are already in north india you

can start selling in south india

open up branches in south india if you

are across all india then try to move

into other parts of the world

geographical expansions

and diversification is

comp you you know add new businesses

like completely different product

completely different markets

so all these are ways through which

companies they want more and more they

can increase their revenue so there are

four options penetration

product development market development

and diversification

you must just know what these words mean

and i'm sure you are able to guess what

okay again this has not been tested so far

far

hormones process strategy metrics also

not been tested so far in the last two

two and a half years

um i would want to skip that because i

really don't expect a question on this

one you can if you want you can watch this

this webinar

webinar

although i would not suggest that you

afiza you are right

but i don't want to complicate things

mandelo stakeholder this one was

important this has been tested in your

exam and i think when when did we do a

question on stakeholder which question

was that can anybody remind me

i think we recently oh yesterday we did

oh yeah yesterday we did a question on

this nccp right

stakeholders metrics

that you know organizations they can divide

divide

their stakeholders into four groups okay

okay

key players [Music]

player

sorry guys key player

keep satisfied

keep informed and minimum effort these

please type

what are the most common example under

key players who normally comes under key

player please give the heading key

player and give two examples time starts now

got it now please type and who comes

under keep satisfied

okay who comes under this box keep informed

informed

who comes here

nobody actually uh

you can say minority shareholders [Music]

[Music] whatever

whatever [Music]

[Music]

trade union can go either and keep

informed or keep satisfied generally it

very good generally

i would prefer most

most stakeholders falls under this box

keep informed

very few in key players

very few and keep satisfied majority

stakeholders are keep informed and some

of the very very smaller ones

non-important ones

uh goes under

minimum effort like in yesterday's case

the board of trustees

was key players right um

um

and customers beneficiaries or keep

informed was beneficiaries employees volunteers

volunteers

and community okay

nice so you see now

when we do a question uh

uh

it suddenly becomes easy right

pressure groups daniel again it's

subjective pressure group generally is

minimum effort

because you know we don't give a

otherwise keep informed is also good

just be very

very careful about these two

just be very careful about these two

here the

only few very few stakeholders qualifies

to be classified here majority is here

suppliers keep informed yeah

as i told you majority will be here

people type on the word document

okay because i i want you to use that document

[Music]

culture

the culture has been tested once

or twice

okay a very complicated topic

institutional investors if they are

major investors then keep satisfied or

key players if they are major investors

visa chances of culture yes the chances

are there

i cannot rule it out like other models

right culture but it's very simple

guys can you please now stop chatting

distracted culture

what is the meaning of culture culture

means the

the working the existing environment of

the organization

it is also known as

organizational culture please guys can

you stop messaging chatting for a few

minutes while i'm doing this topic

why don't you guys understand plain and

culture means the organizational culture

what is the environment

environment

and culture varies from organization to organization

organization

if you

if you have got a chance to work in

several companies you will know what i

mean that all companies have its own

vibe own working environment own

norms right so culture means the norms

the value the routine that's the way

things are done here all those things

okay do you think a customer can also feel

feel

the organizational culture

what do you think [Music]

[Music]

can customers also feel like employees

will definitely feel the culture

because we are working there but i'm

sure customers

can also feel what kind of company it is

what kind of environment it is for

example if you

go if you go to a government bank if you

enter into a

government bank you will definitely feel

nobody gives a about you there's no

concept of customer

service customer satisfaction

laid back

but if you go into a private bank or a

very renowned bank and you will

certainly feel that the environment is

very good the staff is very good they

are talking to you nicely they are

trying to help you

definitely so culture is something which

is intangible yeah

yeah intangible

intangible but

but

you can actually

feel it if employees can feel it then

customers can feel it

so it's a very important part of any organization

organization [Music]

[Music] now

now

why does the culture vary from

organization to organization

that's the main question why isn't it

constant throughout

so there are certain factors of consciousness

consciousness yes

yes

main factor is the leader

so it's called power structure in the

power structure we

we

study the leader of the organization so

the culture always comes

from the leader whatever

whatever

his views whatever his beliefs whatever

his values

that will come down that will trickle down

down

across the organization right

so if you want to study the culture of

any organization

the first thing is we look at the leader

now uh

family owned organization

organization

the board so when we say about leader uh in

in

a company

it is actually the board because board

is the top management right the ceo the

chairman the directors so collectively

they are the joint leadership of the organization

organization

so in a private company if it's a family owned

owned

maybe one or two persons will be very

dominating but in a listed company

it is the vote the overall the values of

the board which then

trickles down

okay so power structure talks about the leader

organizational structure talks about the

the hierarchy the organizational chart

the structure of the board how many

executive directors how many

non-executive directors are there both

committees all these are part of the

structure right

is it a

one-man show is there chairman and ceo

same person or not all these are things

relating to the structure

okay that will also give you an idea

uh what's happening at the top

control systems you basically see

whether the organization is post focused

or quality focused okay

okay

some organizations are really post focused

focused

and some organizations are quality

focused so

this this approach

actually determines their behavior that

way of thinking their decision making okay

okay

this also so if an organization is

really focused on quality the culture

will be very different it will be very customer

customer

focused customer oriented culture but

difficult if an organization is cost focused

focused

then they don't really give a about

customers right

ritual and routines talks about the

daily routine in the organization like

office timings working hours punctuality

strictness leaves etc

all these are part of rituals and routines

routines

symbols is basically show off

status symbols what are the examples

like staff titles cards lavish benefits

huge offices

club membership symbols of power so

you know what uh is the organization

showing off

is the leader show or showing off

so all these things are symbols

and stories

uh previous history of the organization

the stories just don't bother about it

from an exam point of view i think this

one is very important you must know this

one is important

this much is important okay

okay

and little bit you can cover this one

the rest might be a little bit difficult

for you to talk about in the exam

identifiable on these four things there

there

is a question on

on [Music]

[Music]

this one uh

uh

if you want you can watch that guys can

you give me a second i need to quiet

okay sorry guys so any questions on culture

this time it was a cat not a cow not a crow

crow

all right so

so

let's admit that culture is a subjective topic

topic

just memorize these little bit of things

try to get out of it rather than getting

stuck into it if you want you can

check out this question

for to get an idea [Music]

[Music]

shake you are unmuted okay

all right guys

the context of change model this is

another model this has also been tested once

once

you remember which question i think we

did this question in one of the case

studies we did two weeks back

dt for you yes in the question tt for you

you

we did this question myo bed approach

a very good workout yes

so i will not spend a lot of time but

context of change model is very simple

when you are bringing any change in the organization

organization

if you are a leader if you are a ceo

and you plan to implement or introduce

something new then

then

you have to plan that change very

so

for example in tt for uk study

the ceo wanted to implement or adopt a new

new

approach called myo bed approach

whatever that means

or i love you approach or i don't give a

approach whatever is the name

and she was asking that you know please

help me implement this

it's a new thing i want to implement it

across the country

so these are the steps of change management

management

okay when even in my company when we

implement when we as management we

decide to bring something new

uh for example um

last month we actually changed the

entire commission structure of our sales staff

staff

okay i mean to insurance

and insurance business depends on agents

and agents they work on commissions

so commission is a big thing a big

expense in our company and it's a big motivator

motivator

for the agents they really look forward

to commissions that's what drives them

so we made a base we made some

major changes in the commission model

model

now how can we roll it up how can we

announce it it's not that simple

because it will face resistance

resistance

people might not understand they might

have questions they might not like it

so then before finalizing before

implementing we followed this checklist

of change management so now

first thing is we look at the scope of

the change scope of the change means

size of the change is it a small change

or a

significant change it is a universal

formula that small change

is easy to implement

large or significant change is difficult

the larger the change the more difficult

it gets right smaller the change the easier

easier

so first we have to decide whether this

is a small change or a significant

change if it is a small change it is called

called

realignment under this model and if it's

a big change it is called transfer

transfer nation

nation

that's the first thing you need to decide

decide

the second thing we need to know is the

reason why the f

we are bringing the change

because you know people don't like change

change

unless there is a very strong

valid reason nobody brings change that's

for the heck of it

so the reason has to be very very clear

the justifications has to be clear so

that you can

explain to the staff

what is the rationale what is their what

is in

in it for them

okay the reason has to be very clear timing

when this change will be implemented

when it will be applicable with effect

from when

timing is also very important

do we need it right away or can we

implement it slowly gradually

again it's a universal truth it's easy

to implement things

slowly gradually step by step

as compared to implementing everything

in one go

right so if you

want to immediately implement something

like it's so urgent then it's called big

bang if you want if you're implementing

slowly gradually it's incremented so in

our company like as i mentioned that we changed the

changed the commission structure

commission structure right

right and so first thing we decided was

and so first thing we decided was whether it's a small change or a big

whether it's a small change or a big change it was a big change because uh it

change it was a big change because uh it will affect all the sales

will affect all the sales teams and it was not small changes it

teams and it was not small changes it was a fundamental change to the formula

was a fundamental change to the formula so it was realignment or

so it was realignment or transformational please let

transformational please let [Music]

why did we change the commission model what was the reason because that's the

what was the reason because that's the first thing

first thing the sales people will ask why the hell

the sales people will ask why the hell you guys have changed the model

you guys have changed the model what's wrong with the existing ones

what's wrong with the existing ones so we have to be prepared to answer that

so we have to be prepared to answer that question you have to

question you have to uh identify to them what were the what

uh identify to them what were the what was wrong with the existing one what was

was wrong with the existing one what was the objective of bringing the new one

the objective of bringing the new one what is the benefit to the company what

what is the benefit to the company what is the benefit

is the benefit to the sales people you have to sell it

to the sales people you have to sell it right

right the reason has to be very strong

the reason has to be very strong i'm not going to tell you the reason why

i'm not going to tell you the reason why we did it it's confidential

we did it it's confidential timing

timing should we implement it from tomorrow

should we implement it from tomorrow or should we implement it slowly

or should we implement it slowly gradually give them time to think give

gradually give them time to think give them

them some time let this year finish maybe

some time let this year finish maybe from next year or we start with one

from next year or we start with one branch and then move to other branches

branch and then move to other branches slowly gradually what is a safer way

incremental right so yes it was not urgent it was nothing

urgent it was nothing do or die situation so we adopted an

do or die situation so we adopted an incremental we tell them don't worry

incremental we tell them don't worry guys we still have a lot of time we will

guys we still have a lot of time we will implement it from first of january next

implement it from first of january next year

year okay and blah blah blah

okay and blah blah blah capacity and resources

capacity and resources does the organization has the required

does the organization has the required resources such as the human resource

resources such as the human resource financial resource technology

financial resource technology of course when we are implementing any

of course when we are implementing any change you need to make sure that

change you need to make sure that whatever resources

whatever resources are required uh human resource financial

are required uh human resource financial resource i.t

resource i.t you have all those in place right

you have all those in place right so in our example this is not not

so in our example this is not not applicable because it was not a thing

applicable because it was not a thing but if you're implementing a software

but if you're implementing a software then you need all the hardware the

then you need all the hardware the software

software all these things the money to buy

all these things the money to buy sap or oracle financials

sap or oracle financials capability it means that

capability it means that whether the organization has implemented

whether the organization has implemented such change in the past or is it the

such change in the past or is it the first time

first time it focuses on prior experience

it focuses on prior experience so uh

so uh in our company the

in our company the we have changed commission structures

we have changed commission structures a couple of times in the past as well

a couple of times in the past as well so we are well versed

so we are well versed we are experienced we know how to handle

we are experienced we know how to handle it so we have the capability

it so we have the capability but supposing if we have not done it we

but supposing if we have not done it we are handling it for the first time then

are handling it for the first time then maybe we might error we might need some

maybe we might error we might need some consultants we might need someone who

consultants we might need someone who can expert who can help us

can expert who can help us you see the capability is basically are

you see the capability is basically are you doing it for the first time

you doing it for the first time or have you done it in the past

power power means that the change manager

the change manager whoever is the main person whoever who's

whoever is the main person whoever who's the sponsor or the owner of the change

the sponsor or the owner of the change does he to have sufficient power and

does he to have sufficient power and authority to

authority to enforce or

enforce or implement this change for example in the

implement this change for example in the tt4u question

tt4u question uh

uh it was the ceo who was leading the

it was the ceo who was leading the project does she have the power and

project does she have the power and authority to implement my opinion or i

authority to implement my opinion or i love you approach

love you approach yes he's the ceo in our case as well in

yes he's the ceo in our case as well in the commission example it is not the

the commission example it is not the finance it is not the marketing but the

finance it is not the marketing but the ceo

ceo is leading this project so yes the ceo

is leading this project so yes the ceo has the authority to make changes

has the authority to make changes uh preservation forget about it

uh preservation forget about it readiness that readiness means that you

readiness that readiness means that you know you make sure that everybody is

know you make sure that everybody is ready before the change all the training

ready before the change all the training has been done blah blah blah and

has been done blah blah blah and resistance means that

resistance means that despite your best effort some people

despite your best effort some people will still

will still resist the change so you need to handle

resist the change so you need to handle them you need to

them you need to talk to them separately warn them fire

talk to them separately warn them fire them

them convince them whatever

convince them whatever okay

okay so again

so again how do you know there's a question on

how do you know there's a question on change management

change management it's respiratory very simple it will use

it's respiratory very simple it will use the word transformation or

the word transformation or company is thinking of implementing the

company is thinking of implementing the change please advise how it should be

change please advise how it should be handled

handled all those things

all those things [Music]

risk management strategy so risk management is a very dangerous topic

management is a very dangerous topic sorry sorry not dangerous

sorry sorry not dangerous very important topic almost every

very important topic almost every attempt

attempt except for one attempt maybe

except for one attempt maybe there's always a question on risk

there's always a question on risk management

management in each and every paper

in each and every paper it's a big topic

it's a big topic so we will cover these two now and then

so we will cover these two now and then more in later slides so risk management

more in later slides so risk management strategies there are two two

strategies there are two two models

models one is

one is uh ex this risk management it's called

uh ex this risk management it's called risk management strategy there are four

risk management strategy there are four strategies there are four things we can

strategies there are four things we can do with the risk

do with the risk either we can accept the risk

either we can accept the risk that's one option

that's one option or we try to reduce the risk

or we try to reduce the risk that you know okay we

that you know okay we implement control so the risk can be

implement control so the risk can be reduced

reduced we try to avoid the risk which means

we try to avoid the risk which means that all together we are getting rid of

that all together we are getting rid of the risk

the risk or we try and transfer the risk to a

or we try and transfer the risk to a third party this is called tara model

third party this is called tara model you see t-a-r-a

all right so i think in one of the questions we got that it was a chocolate

questions we got that it was a chocolate company duels

company duels right there was some debate going on

right there was some debate going on uh so operations director was saying

uh so operations director was saying that we must

that we must do nothing we must continue the hr

do nothing we must continue the hr director was saying we should

director was saying we should immediately stop and look for other

immediately stop and look for other options the finance director was saying

options the finance director was saying we should continue but built in more

we should continue but built in more controls this is the thing acceptance

controls this is the thing acceptance avoidance reduction transference

avoidance reduction transference there's one more thing called

there's one more thing called heat map

heat map i think it was just tested once no no no

i think it was just tested once no no no not even one cycle

not even one cycle eat

eat mat

mat it's very simple

it's very simple it's just a diagrammatic presentation

it's just a diagrammatic presentation you plot all the risks

you plot all the risks you plot all the risk on this diagram

you plot all the risk on this diagram okay

okay so if the company is facing like 20 risk

so if the company is facing like 20 risk just plot them on the diagram how can

just plot them on the diagram how can you plot it on why it's probability on x

you plot it on why it's probability on x it's impact low medium high low medium

it's impact low medium high low medium high

high [Music]

[Music] and you can just plot it like here one

and you can just plot it like here one risk is here one is here one is here one

risk is here one is here one is here one is here one is here two risks falls in

is here one is here two risks falls in this box three risks and five risk here

okay it's a visual presentation

it's a visual presentation which box is the most

which box is the most dangerous box in your view i'll just

dangerous box in your view i'll just increase the

increase the size

size which box here

which box here is the most dangerous box

is the most dangerous box high high

high high what do you think

what do you think h right

h right so any risk

so any risk any

is very very dangerous be as an organization would must

be as an organization would must focus on covering those risks which are

focus on covering those risks which are in this box

in this box okay got it

and then after that what are the two other boxes

after that what are the two other boxes that these boxes

and this box are the second ones

are the second ones and then after that

we will come to these three boxes they are all the same

and then after that we will look at these two boxes

we will look at these two boxes and then you will look at this box so

and then you will look at this box so this model

this model just visually helps you

just visually helps you decide which risk to

decide which risk to address first it helps you prioritize

address first it helps you prioritize okay

any questions on heat maps yes very good

yes very good [Music]

[Music] you must just be familiar with the basic

you must just be familiar with the basic concept that's it

concept that's it you don't need to do a phd

you don't need to do a phd just know what a heat map is so that

just know what a heat map is so that something comes at least you know what

something comes at least you know what what the hell it is

what the hell it is okay

okay and then enough information will be

and then enough information will be available

available uh in the

uh in the exhibits so that you can cover up your

exhibits so that you can cover up your answer no ursalan koso has never been

answer no ursalan koso has never been tested

tested models are not tested like that

models are not tested like that all right guys so we are done with the

all right guys so we are done with the top 10 important models

of course ali that's the whole purpose of heat maps

that's the whole purpose of heat maps it's what time

it's what time is a lot of time guys can you give me

is a lot of time guys can you give me two minutes i need to move inside it's

two minutes i need to move inside it's getting dark out and mosquitoes are

getting dark out and mosquitoes are sucking me

sucking me give me two minutes please

give me two minutes please i'll just move inside

i'll just move inside you can stretch your back for two

you can stretch your back for two minutes

hi guys uh i'm back are you guys able to see me and hear me

see me and hear me [Music]

excellent [Music]

so we'll take a break in around 45 minutes so every two hours we'll take a

minutes so every two hours we'll take a break okay

break okay i think around 30 minutes 35 minutes

i think around 30 minutes 35 minutes okay so the first important another

okay so the first important another important topic is

important topic is financial ratios

[Music] go back to your word document

and please type four to five headings under culture

four to five headings under culture this is how this is how you can memorize

this is how this is how you can memorize go to culture type culture and can you

go to culture type culture and can you just give me four to five headings under

just give me four to five headings under culture

culture power structure

what else please type on the word document

[Music] thinking

okay done very good so culture includes what things

what things uh

uh power structure the study of the leader

power structure the study of the leader organizational structure the

organizational structure the organization chart control systems

organization chart control systems rituals and routines

rituals and routines you must memorize these

you must memorize these and if you can remember symbols and

and if you can remember symbols and stories nothing like it

stories nothing like it okay done

okay done now give another

now give another please don't type here then

please don't type here then type it on the word document

type it on the word document uh now uh

uh now uh context of change mention at least

context of change mention at least five things six five to six things on

five things six five to six things on the word document

the word document context of change what will be the five

context of change what will be the five to six headings you will speak about

to six headings you will speak about time starts now

time starts now on your word document

scope of change reason of change

reason of change timing of the change

capacity slash resources capability

capability power

power readiness

readiness resistance there are eight so must you

resistance there are eight so must you must know five slash

must know five slash six

six [Music]

[Music] beta nothing here are you see not here

beta nothing here are you see not here please on the word document so that you

please on the word document so that you can revise it from there

can revise it from there okay

all right now financial ratio so sometimes a pnl

now financial ratio so sometimes a pnl is given

is given a balance sheet is given

a balance sheet is given in one of the exhibits you might be

in one of the exhibits you might be provided with either a balance sheet pnl

provided with either a balance sheet pnl or both

or both so

so you will need to calculate certain

you will need to calculate certain ratios

ratios and talk about it okay

and talk about it okay now in sbl it's a very different paper

now in sbl it's a very different paper ratio analysis is basically

ratio analysis is basically trying to identify the reasons

trying to identify the reasons it's more qualitative than quantitative

it's more qualitative than quantitative you know that right in the last two

you know that right in the last two weeks of practice we talked about it a

weeks of practice we talked about it a lot

lot so i've just mentioned these few basic

so i've just mentioned these few basic ratios which you need to focus on

ratios which you need to focus on all right so on the p l the first thing

all right so on the p l the first thing uh you will do is uh talk about the

uh you will do is uh talk about the sales trend whether the sales is

sales trend whether the sales is a revenue or turnover is going up

a revenue or turnover is going up flat or going down

flat or going down one paragraph on sales trend very very

one paragraph on sales trend very very important component of any company sales

important component of any company sales is the bloodline of each company right

is the bloodline of each company right after that you can talk about gp margin

after that you can talk about gp margin whether the margin percentage is

whether the margin percentage is constant maintained

constant maintained in improving or decreasing you can talk

in improving or decreasing you can talk about np margins

about np margins and lastly you can talk about ross

and lastly you can talk about ross percentage whether it's increasing

percentage whether it's increasing decreasing or maintained

decreasing or maintained [Music]

[Music] on the balance sheet just talk about

on the balance sheet just talk about current asset ratio gearing and interest

current asset ratio gearing and interest cover

on and also try to always give one non-financial ratio or efficiency ratio

non-financial ratio or efficiency ratio for example the most easiest is

for example the most easiest is revenue per employee

okay in the exam these are the basic things

in the exam these are the basic things uh you can talk about

uh you can talk about giving reasons for variance is a must

giving reasons for variance is a must there's no the sbl they are not

there's no the sbl they are not interested in your calculations they are

interested in your calculations they are more interested in the

more interested in the reasons

reasons secondly no need to show calculations

secondly no need to show calculations in the spl you just do it on your

in the spl you just do it on your calculator and just give the

calculator and just give the the ratio directly type the ratio in

the ratio directly type the ratio in your paragraph

your paragraph okay

okay lastly

lastly uh you may want to focus more on

uh you may want to focus more on material variances rather than smaller

material variances rather than smaller ones always prioritize the board is

ones always prioritize the board is always interested in larger items

always interested in larger items significant items material items they

significant items material items they are not interested in

are not interested in one dollar variance they are interested

one dollar variance they are interested in a variance of one million dollars

in a variance of one million dollars okay so you need to exercise

okay so you need to exercise some commercial sense

some commercial sense what information you need to provide to

what information you need to provide to the board it has to be significant and

the board it has to be significant and material

material so sometimes you may need to select

so sometimes you may need to select which ratio you need to talk about so

which ratio you need to talk about so you can decide based on

you can decide based on variance amounts

variance amounts not the percentages of variances but

not the percentages of variances but based on the amounts of variance the

based on the amounts of variance the larger the amount it's more significant

larger the amount it's more significant or more material right

like in bco very good marvish thank you you see now we are able to relate with

you see now we are able to relate with so many cases we've done

financial projection so this is another type so sometimes

type so sometimes uh you may be given a projection

uh you may be given a projection it could be for any purpose it could be

it could be for any purpose it could be for a new product it could be for a new

for a new product it could be for a new acquisition it could be for expansion

acquisition it could be for expansion anything

anything it's a projection

it's a projection whenever you are given a projection you

whenever you are given a projection you need to look at these five things

need to look at these five things what are the five things first you have

what are the five things first you have to make sure that the projections are

to make sure that the projections are based on

based on discounted cash flow

discounted cash flow that's the first thing

that's the first thing then you can also cal quickly calculate

then you can also cal quickly calculate the payback and talk about it

the payback and talk about it this is the third one review the

this is the third one review the amounts and the assumptions that's very

amounts and the assumptions that's very important that's where the gerber is

important that's where the gerber is that's where all the assumptions and

that's where all the assumptions and stupidities are

stupidities are so you challenge the revenue numbers how

so you challenge the revenue numbers how what is the basis from where you got

what is the basis from where you got this how is this increasing each year

this how is this increasing each year so all the trends all the projections

so all the trends all the projections all the assumptions you need to look

all the assumptions you need to look into them does it make logical sense if

into them does it make logical sense if it is subjective if it doesn't make

it is subjective if it doesn't make sense you need to

sense you need to cover it in your answer

cover it in your answer okay

okay again you will focus on the materiality

again you will focus on the materiality concepts the larger ones you need to

concepts the larger ones you need to definitely talk about in your

definitely talk about in your projections after that you can check

projections after that you can check whether

whether tax implications have been covered or

tax implications have been covered or not if it's covered then it's okay but

not if it's covered then it's okay but if it's not covered then you need to ask

if it's not covered then you need to ask questions why tax considerations have

questions why tax considerations have not been taken into account

not been taken into account lastly you may wish to

lastly you may wish to suggest that a sensitivity analysis

suggest that a sensitivity analysis should be done or what if analysis

should be done or what if analysis should be done so that various

should be done so that various scenarios

scenarios can be reviewed before we decide

can be reviewed before we decide okay these are the five things

okay these are the five things it's a checklist it's a checklist which

it's a checklist it's a checklist which i use in my real life

i use in my real life right

[Music] akshay don't get into so much

akshay don't get into so much accounting complications it's not really

accounting complications it's not really important for sbl

now guys please make a list open up your word document

make a list open up your word document write financial projections

write financial projections and give the five point type the five

and give the five point type the five checklist which we will look at time

checklist which we will look at time starts now

okay financing structure uh

financing structure uh not very important topic uh i'll just

not very important topic uh i'll just cover it very quickly

cover it very quickly basically there are two sources of

basically there are two sources of financing so companies when they require

financing so companies when they require funds large funds for long-term

funds large funds for long-term plans

plans either they can

either they can raise funds through equity financing or

raise funds through equity financing or they can

they can raise funds through

loan or debt based financing which one is better

which one is better it depends

it depends it depends on the pro both options has

it depends on the pro both options has pros and cons

pros and cons as a cfo it is our job to

as a cfo it is our job to identify the pros and cons to the board

identify the pros and cons to the board and then the board can decide whether

and then the board can decide whether they want to go for equity financing or

they want to go for equity financing or debt financing

debt financing so what are the pros and cons

so what are the pros and cons uh equity financing the cost is linked

uh equity financing the cost is linked with profitability

with profitability obviously equity

obviously equity it means that you will pay dividends so

it means that you will pay dividends so if the dividend is paid when the company

if the dividend is paid when the company is profitable so when the company is not

is profitable so when the company is not making profits you don't have to pay

making profits you don't have to pay dividends so that's an advantage

dividends so that's an advantage of equity financing

of equity financing that

that um you don't you did the cost of financing

you don't you did the cost of financing is not fixed it is depending on the

is not fixed it is depending on the company's performance

company's performance that's a very big advantage

that's a very big advantage but then there's a very big disadvantage

but then there's a very big disadvantage of equity financing it dilutes the

of equity financing it dilutes the existing shareholding patterns so if

existing shareholding patterns so if you're issuing more shares you're adding

you're issuing more shares you're adding more partners more owners to your

more partners more owners to your business so your own

business so your own share is reducing

share is reducing that's the big pro and a big con of

that's the big pro and a big con of equity financing other than that you

equity financing other than that you know you don't need any collateral it

know you don't need any collateral it does not affect your gains

does not affect your gains and

and you know one disadvantage will be may

you know one disadvantage will be may affect the culture or strategies as you

affect the culture or strategies as you know more shareholders they join in they

know more shareholders they join in they have their own opinions

have their own opinions other hand debt financing

other hand debt financing the biggest disadvantage is cost

the biggest disadvantage is cost is fixed and a is a you know whether we

is fixed and a is a you know whether we make money or we don't make money if we

make money or we don't make money if we have taken a loan we have to pay the

have taken a loan we have to pay the financing cost the interest

financing cost the interest so the cost is not linked with business

so the cost is not linked with business performance

performance that's a huge disadvantage but then

that's a huge disadvantage but then does not affect the ownership or culture

does not affect the ownership or culture of the company so you know

of the company so you know when you take a loan you're not adding

when you take a loan you're not adding partners or sharing the business with

partners or sharing the business with anyone you retain your shareholding

anyone you retain your shareholding however it also requires collectors and

however it also requires collectors and it affects can it can adversely affect

it affects can it can adversely affect your

your gearing level

gearing level so you just you just need to be familiar

so you just you just need to be familiar with the pros and cons

with the pros and cons of

of these two

yes very good right now budgets

right now budgets i think only once this has been tested

i think only once this has been tested whenever

whenever there is a question on budget

there is a question on budget like

like uh

uh a financial data has been provided in

a financial data has been provided in your paper in which one column is budget

your paper in which one column is budget one column is actual

one column is actual and variance

and variance [Music]

[Music] what do you do

what do you do again there are three item checklists

again there are three item checklists which i always follow

which i always follow first of all the concept of flexed

first of all the concept of flexed budget

budget you know you cannot directly compare

you know you cannot directly compare budgets with actuals

budgets with actuals i mean let's say the budget was based on

i mean let's say the budget was based on 100 000 units

100 000 units in actual you produced

in actual you produced 80 000 units

80 000 units so obviously the costs and all those

so obviously the costs and all those things

things in actual will be lower they'll be based

in actual will be lower they'll be based on 80 000 units so you're not you cannot

on 80 000 units so you're not you cannot compare actuals with the budgets because

compare actuals with the budgets because the base is different the budget is

the base is different the budget is based on 10 100 000 units the actual is

based on 10 100 000 units the actual is based on

based on 80 000 units so the first thing is you

80 000 units so the first thing is you revise the budget or you recalculate the

revise the budget or you recalculate the budget

budget based on 80 000 units

based on 80 000 units and then you start comparing line by

and then you start comparing line by line with actual so this approach is

line with actual so this approach is called

called flexed budget so you are flexing or

flexed budget so you are flexing or revising or not revising recalculating

revising or not revising recalculating the budget

the budget based on actual production volumes and

based on actual production volumes and then you are comparing

then you are comparing second thing

second thing uh

actuals i would like to compare with the flex budget as well as prior actuals if

flex budget as well as prior actuals if available

available and the last thing this one is most

and the last thing this one is most important for sbl

important for sbl reasons for variances the board is

reasons for variances the board is interested in the reasons not the

interested in the reasons not the numbers

numbers okay so always remember these three

okay so always remember these three things when you get a question on

things when you get a question on anything to do with budgets but again it

anything to do with budgets but again it was only tested once maybe

was only tested once maybe not even once i think it was in one of

not even once i think it was in one of the specimen papers

maybe yes uh [Music]

[Music] correct

project management a very important topic it has been tested couple of times

topic it has been tested couple of times in your exam project management so what

in your exam project management so what is a project we all know but just for

is a project we all know but just for clarity sake a project is a one-off

clarity sake a project is a one-off special activity

special activity it is one of

it is one of special activity which is other than the

special activity which is other than the usual day-to-day operations

usual day-to-day operations okay

okay what are the three projects

what are the three projects tracking variables how to track a

tracking variables how to track a project the project is has

project the project is has three components each project has three

three components each project has three variable or three components

variable or three components quality timeline and cost so if you want

quality timeline and cost so if you want to control any project

to control any project you need to control the quality aspect

you need to control the quality aspect the timing or duration timelines or in

the timing or duration timelines or in the cost

the cost if you want to track a project like

if you want to track a project like budget versus actual again you will have

budget versus actual again you will have three broad headings quality aspects

three broad headings quality aspects timelines or duration and

timelines or duration and costs always remember a project has

costs always remember a project has three components

and then there's a document called pid project initiation document it's a very

project initiation document it's a very important document

important document uh

uh because this is the first

because this is the first document for any project this is

document for any project this is presented to the

presented to the board of directors so that they can

board of directors so that they can uh read about the proposed project

uh read about the proposed project and then they can

and then they can you know decide

you know decide whether

whether uh they are approving the project or

uh they are approving the project or rejecting the project okay it's a very

rejecting the project okay it's a very very important document

we have done like two questions on this already

like two questions on this already uh what are the

uh what are the contents of a pid there could be a

contents of a pid there could be a background in an introduction

then the project scope and objective has to be very clearly defined in the pid

to be very clearly defined in the pid a cost benefit analysis and

a cost benefit analysis and feasibilities

feasibilities you have to identify all the key

you have to identify all the key stakeholders that there's a project

stakeholders that there's a project sponsor who is the project manager

sponsor who is the project manager what is the project team

what is the project team any internal users or department and

any internal users or department and then external stakeholders like

then external stakeholders like customers suppliers government

customers suppliers government society community all depends on the

society community all depends on the project it varies from project to

project it varies from project to project so i've tried to give

project so i've tried to give a comprehensive list of possible

a comprehensive list of possible stakeholders

stakeholders what is the project duration and

what is the project duration and timelines

timelines are what are the major project risks and

are what are the major project risks and risk will be relating to quality

risk will be relating to quality timeline cost

timeline cost any project constraints

any project constraints constraints will talk about human

constraints will talk about human resource financial resource technology

resource financial resource technology like internal factors

like internal factors any major assumptions used in in all

any major assumptions used in in all those things

those things how the project will be monitored and

how the project will be monitored and monitoring and reporting procedures

monitoring and reporting procedures so

so very comprehensive document you must be

very comprehensive document you must be familiar with the contents of a pid

familiar with the contents of a pid please look at the list for 10 seconds

please look at the list for 10 seconds and then i will i will ask you to

and then i will i will ask you to prepare this list contents on your word

prepare this list contents on your word document

okay now please type the contents of a pid based on your memory

pid based on your memory on the word document

ten more seconds [Music]

all right someone was asking what is the difference between a project sponsor and

difference between a project sponsor and a project manager what what are the

a project manager what what are the roles

roles of project sponsor in a project manager

of project sponsor in a project manager very basic like there are two different

very basic like there are two different people the project sponsor

people the project sponsor is the overall owner of the project he

is the overall owner of the project he is responsible

is responsible and accountable he is the

and accountable he is the leader of the project

leader of the project topman

topman normally a sponsor is one of the

normally a sponsor is one of the directors

directors okay

okay a project manager will manage the

a project manager will manage the day-to-day affairs of the project he's a

day-to-day affairs of the project he's a technical guy he will

technical guy he will do the technical things the all the

do the technical things the all the things he reports to the sponsor

things he reports to the sponsor so sponsor may not be a technical guy

so sponsor may not be a technical guy but he's a senior person who takes

but he's a senior person who takes responsibility

responsibility of the project he owns the project he

of the project he owns the project he will provide guidance to the manager he

will provide guidance to the manager he will solve the problems for the manager

will solve the problems for the manager and he is the one who is answerable to

and he is the one who is answerable to the board

the board okay

yes [Music]

[Music] e-business

e-business again a very important topic and these

again a very important topic and these days it's all about online business

days it's all about online business right so

right so what are the advantages of a online

what are the advantages of a online business

business [Music]

[Music] no geographical limitation that's the

no geographical limitation that's the biggest advantage of having an online

biggest advantage of having an online business

business that there is no geographical limitation

that there is no geographical limitation customers does not depend on any

customers does not depend on any physical outlet they just go on your

physical outlet they just go on your website and place an order

website and place an order obviously

obviously it will lead to more revenue

it will lead to more revenue it is cheaper lower costs because you

it is cheaper lower costs because you know there are less physical outlets

know there are less physical outlets lower staff lower rents

lower staff lower rents and then customer convenience

and then customer convenience 24 7 all the websites and all those

24 7 all the websites and all those things

things and it's easy it's easy improve

and it's easy it's easy improve marketing e-marketing

please have a look at this list for five seconds

seconds and then please type

and then please type what are the advantages of

what are the advantages of e-business type on your word document

okay type now i'm just hiding it [Music]

okay however there will be

however there will be disadvantages of e-business as well

disadvantages of e-business as well right everything in life

right everything in life everything in business has pros and cons

everything in business has pros and cons what are the disadvantages

what are the disadvantages not all customers use internet

not all customers use internet that's a fact

that's a fact okay

okay not all customers use internet to buy do

not all customers use internet to buy do online shopping they might not have the

online shopping they might not have the credit card they might not be literate

credit card they might not be literate they might not have internet they might

they might not have internet they might not have a laptop whatever the reason

not have a laptop whatever the reason and then there is a one-time investment

and then there is a one-time investment required to set up an online business

required to set up an online business what are the examples of various

what are the examples of various one-time setup costs

one-time setup costs you need hardware cost you need to that

you need hardware cost you need to that means you need to upgrade your hardware

means you need to upgrade your hardware servers it infrastructures

servers it infrastructures software licenses

software licenses a website development cost

a website development cost you need to increase your i.t staff so

you need to increase your i.t staff so that will be increase in salaries

that will be increase in salaries you need to integrate or link your

you need to integrate or link your systems with the online setups all these

systems with the online setups all these are one-time

are one-time costs or investments which are required

costs or investments which are required to set up an online business

to set up an online business other than that there are huge security

other than that there are huge security risks

like the risk of hacking like hacker can try to will try to hack your

try to will try to hack your company

company viruses

viruses cyber frauds or crimes

cyber frauds or crimes then issues with data security data

then issues with data security data privacy all those things

privacy all those things and it could lead to some legal

and it could lead to some legal complications redundancy costs i mean if

complications redundancy costs i mean if you are shutting down your branches and

you are shutting down your branches and moving towards online so these are

moving towards online so these are various

various disadvantages of e-business

disadvantages of e-business [Music]

okay please type this advantages on your word document

leave it to district online business has legal complications

online business has legal complications not because you are global

e-marketing remember these guys top uh topic is the this topic guys

topic is the this topic guys e-marketing we recently did in one of

e-marketing we recently did in one of the case studies so what is e-marketing

the case studies so what is e-marketing e-marketing when we use internet

e-marketing when we use internet technologies

technologies what are the options of e-marketing so

what are the options of e-marketing so many options search engine optimizations

many options search engine optimizations like google search

like google search seos

seos websites emails social media

websites emails social media facebook like insta youtube twitter

facebook like insta youtube twitter whatsapp tick tock even i think

whatsapp tick tock even i think is a important one

is a important one right

right uh online discounts

then blogs forums influencers links on various related websites online

links on various related websites online newsletters you have to be familiar

newsletters you have to be familiar with this list

okay we did it in bco and optima oh there were two questions yeah

there were two questions yeah very nice

very nice you need to memorize this list okay

guys it's uh somebody is making scratches on my screen who's that

don't make marks

make marks on my documents please

can you please remove it whoever was it

okay so guys you have to remember

guys you have to remember it's high time

it's high time that you remember all these pointers

that you remember all these pointers it's just last three days if you don't

it's just last three days if you don't remember these pointers of all the

remember these pointers of all the important topics you will not pass

important topics you will not pass because then you will struggle with the

because then you will struggle with the basic concept

basic concept high time you remember all this so yes

high time you remember all this so yes tomorrow please if you are weak with

tomorrow please if you are weak with this 25 topics tomorrow spend two hours

this 25 topics tomorrow spend two hours and memorize the top 25 the last thing

and memorize the top 25 the last thing you want is

you want is not remembering the pointers okay

not remembering the pointers okay please very very foundational thing it's

please very very foundational thing it's not working

when is the break uh 15 more minutes one five

what are the advantage of key marketing again very similar to

again very similar to the

the e-business it's global reach which means

e-business it's global reach which means no geographical limitation

no geographical limitation lower cost so e-marketing is cheap is

lower cost so e-marketing is cheap is not costly to send

not costly to send emails or sms or whatsapp

emails or sms or whatsapp hey did we mention whatsapp

hey did we mention whatsapp ah it's there

and then it's 24-hour marketing and you can do personalized marketing

can do personalized marketing one of the disadvantages

one of the disadvantages limited customers so very

limited customers so very similar

similar advantages disadvantages as compared to

advantages disadvantages as compared to online business the concept is always

online business the concept is always the same

the same okay

big data or it's also called big data [Music]

[Music] analytics

analytics okay

so big data or big data analytics is that now organizations there are

that now organizations there are softwares they are artificially

softwares they are artificially intelligent softwares

intelligent softwares which can analyze huge amount of data

which can analyze huge amount of data all right

all right and now

and now you know there's a saying

you know there's a saying that

that data

data is the new oil

understand data is the new oil so it's so important that in this

so it's so important that in this digital era

digital era uh organizations have

uh organizations have access to so much data

access to so much data so there is

so there is no use if you don't analyze those data

no use if you don't analyze those data so the big data

so the big data are specialized softwares

are specialized softwares which dives into a large pool of data

which dives into a large pool of data and then they look for trends

and then they look for trends patterns

patterns likes dislikes

likes dislikes you know based on your profile

you know based on your profile so they dive into your social

so they dive into your social [Music]

[Music] media

media like they will analyze your facebook

like they will analyze your facebook they will analyze your insta they will

they will analyze your insta they will analyze your

analyze your other social media presence

other social media presence and then they will try to form a digital

and then they will try to form a digital personality like they will just try to

personality like they will just try to see

see what are your likes and dislikes

what are your likes and dislikes and then based on that they will

and then based on that they will automatically start sending you

advertisements according to your likes and dislikes

according to your likes and dislikes okay you try that out you will see

so why don't you try it tonight okay

okay so

maybe you know there's a very famous actress

my one of my favorites indian actress sunny leone

sunny leone how many of you know sunny leone

how many of you know sunny leone i don't care

just say sunny leone sunny yoni several times in the night

times in the night and i'm pretty sure tomorrow

and i'm pretty sure tomorrow something about sunny leone will be

something about sunny leone will be there in your facebook

there in your facebook because this big data they are so

because this big data they are so intelligent they hear what you are

intelligent they hear what you are saying from your mobile

saying from your mobile or you just google sunny leone and then

or you just google sunny leone and then for the next three four days you will

for the next three four days you will start getting

start getting [Music]

[Music] things about sunny leone on your

things about sunny leone on your facebook even when you're not looking

facebook even when you're not looking for it

for it this is big data or you type or you

this is big data or you type or you start

type maldives

maldives or honeymoon

or honeymoon and then you see in next three days you

and then you see in next three days you will start getting sponsored ads

will start getting sponsored ads classified ads on so many on your google

classified ads on so many on your google email there is that why how it is the

email there is that why how it is the bloody big data which is working in the

bloody big data which is working in the background they're analyzing your social

background they're analyzing your social media likes and dislikes

media likes and dislikes and then they start pitching you

and then they start pitching you products

products okay

okay very very powerful what's the advantage

very very powerful what's the advantage what is the advantage to the

what is the advantage to the organization

organization why should they use big data

why should they use big data obviously

obviously it gives us deeper insight

it gives us deeper insight then it helps us do better marketing and

then it helps us do better marketing and pricing

pricing improved customer service increased

improved customer service increased competitiveness

competitiveness development of customized personalized

development of customized personalized products and of course new sources of

products and of course new sources of revenue additional sources of revenue

revenue additional sources of revenue as i said oil

as i said oil you know data is the new oil

you know data is the new oil so

so if you get

if you get data and you can analyze it you can

data and you can analyze it you can develop new products you can develop

develop new products you can develop marketing strategies pricing strategies

marketing strategies pricing strategies sales promotion

sales promotion interaction with customers engagement

interaction with customers engagement blah so many things you can do right

blah so many things you can do right [Music]

[Music] all right but then there must be certain

all right but then there must be certain this yeah personalized marketing very

this yeah personalized marketing very good

how very nice is my yes shin

yes shin um so what are the disadvantages of big

um so what are the disadvantages of big data

data [Music]

[Music] of course there's a data security risk

of course there's a data security risk like so much storing of so much data

like so much storing of so much data that's a big challenge right and when

that's a big challenge right and when you have so much data

you have so much data uh

uh that's the right guys my wife is calling

all right guys sorry so disadvantage is the storage of the data it's huge it's

the storage of the data it's huge it's costly it's risky hacking

costly it's risky hacking and of course there may be legal issues

and of course there may be legal issues because nowadays data privacy and all

because nowadays data privacy and all those things is a big

those things is a big sensitive topic right

sensitive topic right [Music]

[Music] right guys i need you to type all this

right guys i need you to type all this so please have a look at the list for

so please have a look at the list for five seconds i will hide it and then you

five seconds i will hide it and then you need to type

need to type the advantages and disadvantages of

the advantages and disadvantages of this thing time starts now

please type the advantages and disadvantages of big data this has been

disadvantages of big data this has been tested two times in your paper

last topic and then we'll have a break but crm it's not an important thing

but crm it's not an important thing anyways

anyways uh

uh what is that you must be just familiar

what is that you must be just familiar with the terminology what is crm

with the terminology what is crm crm are specialized softwares to mix to

crm are specialized softwares to mix to maintain

maintain customer relationship

customer relationship through regular communication with

through regular communication with customers electronically

customers electronically obviously right you cannot

obviously right you cannot to each and every customer manually so

to each and every customer manually so these are software's which interacts

these are software's which interacts with the customer

with the customer regularly like happy birthday happy

regularly like happy birthday happy anniversary payment reminders feedbacks

anniversary payment reminders feedbacks complaints tracking services

complaints tracking services uh emails demos all these things they

uh emails demos all these things they are now done automatically through

are now done automatically through software yeah sms or emails or apps or

software yeah sms or emails or apps or notifications whatever

notifications whatever the most common nowadays is apps or

the most common nowadays is apps or emails right i receive regular emails

emails right i receive regular emails and

and notifications even sms as well

notifications even sms as well what are the advantages of crm obviously

what are the advantages of crm obviously you know

you know better customer better customer

better customer better customer communication with customer better

communication with customer better engagement with customer we know their

engagement with customer we know their likes and complaints and feedback it

likes and complaints and feedback it will give us some comp edge blah blah

will give us some comp edge blah blah blah

okay sorry last last thing not

not same as big data are you crazy sam

crm is a software which talks interacts with the customer

interacts with the customer happy anniversary happy birthday you

happy anniversary happy birthday you looking good

looking good big data doesn't talk to you it is

big data doesn't talk to you it is working in the background it analyzes

working in the background it analyzes your data

your data okay sam

okay sam um sir there was a time in one of the

um sir there was a time in one of the live classes uh

live classes uh some of the advantages so for crm

some of the advantages so for crm there was somehow related to big data

there was somehow related to big data maybe the advantages can be the same

but you said is big data and crm the same thing no there are two different

same thing no there are two different things advantages can be

things advantages can be generic right more customer more

generic right more customer more business but things are two different

business but things are two different things

things you know i mean 30 advantages

you know i mean 30 advantages all right all right okay man

all right all right okay man okay uh one last thing which reminds me

okay uh one last thing which reminds me is something called

is something called [Music]

mobile apps this was not uh it's not on my list of this

not uh it's not on my list of this document so please add mobile apps

document so please add mobile apps so a couple of times i've seen in your

so a couple of times i've seen in your exam that the examiner is asking about

exam that the examiner is asking about smartphone apps

smartphone apps so now what are the advantages of

so now what are the advantages of smartphone apps

how is an app different from a website so the biggest advantage is

so the biggest advantage is accessibility right

not everybody carries laptop all the time but everybody has a mobile

all the time but everybody has a mobile in their pocket

in their pocket all the time even in toilet

all the time even in toilet am i right

am i right yeah

yeah so it's like it's always with the

so it's like it's always with the customer

customer secondly it's very easy for the customer

secondly it's very easy for the customer to you know use apps as compared to

to you know use apps as compared to opening a laptop so convenience so

opening a laptop so convenience so accessibility

accessibility fast

fast convenience right it's if it's in the

convenience right it's if it's in the app you can place transactions

app you can place transactions you can do whatever

you can do whatever very easily

very easily notifications so you know there will be

notifications so you know there will be pop-ups there can be notifications so

pop-ups there can be notifications so the customer can immediately know if

the customer can immediately know if something is new or happening so the

something is new or happening so the notifications are there

notifications are there so it's

so it's accessibility convenience faster

accessibility convenience faster notifications

notifications customer can interact easily give

customer can interact easily give complaints feedback chat

you know what's that helpline all those things

all those things so definitely mobile apps

so definitely mobile apps is much more superior

is much more superior as compared to websites because

as compared to websites because of the various

of the various advantages so you will remember the

advantages so you will remember the additional advantages of uh

additional advantages of uh app

app live chat yes

live chat yes live chat yeah good

live chat yeah good all right guys so let's take a break

all right guys so let's take a break [Music]

[Music] let's take a break and uh

can we have a 20 minute break because we have another two two and a

because we have another two two and a half hours to go after that

uh it is like eight or six here no nine or six in pakistan

no nine or six in pakistan or let's say oh five

or let's say oh five nine twenty five so let's say 9 30 shot

nine twenty five so let's say 9 30 shot time i will see you 9 30 okay so it's

time i will see you 9 30 okay so it's like 25 minutes break

like 25 minutes break be refreshed eat something

be refreshed eat something and then come

and then come all right

all right question sir

question sir not during the break

can we do it after the break yes yeah yes bilal i'm in the way

thank you [Music]

yes sir you were trying to ask something before

before yes sir i want to ask about the

yes sir i want to ask about the context of the project api

context of the project api what is the basic difference between the

what is the basic difference between the background and the swap it's really

background and the swap it's really confusing

confusing then ignore the background

then ignore the background okay i mean what is the basic we have to

okay i mean what is the basic we have to discuss what is the reason of this

discuss what is the reason of this project

project yeah

yeah okay thank you sir

[Music] okay good

okay good [Music]

now i.t risks and security

i.t risks and security okay we have done this topic several

okay we have done this topic several times in several questions

times in several questions the first thing is why is it risk

the first thing is why is it risk or i.t security important

or i.t security important not risk idea why is it

not risk idea why is it security important or why is cyber

security important or why is cyber security important

so please there are like three four reasons

reasons why it's important what are the

why it's important what are the implications if there's a breach

implications if there's a breach so

so let's go through this

let's go through this first go through the list and i will ask

first go through the list and i will ask you to type

you to type so why is it security important or cyber

so why is it security important or cyber security important

security important number one

it can an i.t breach can do business disruption so

breach can do business disruption so anything which goes wrong with it

anything which goes wrong with it it will cause huge or serious business

it will cause huge or serious business disruption

disruption your business may stop for few days few

your business may stop for few days few hours few weeks

hours few weeks it can lead to reputational issues it

it can lead to reputational issues it can lead to loss of customers hence loss

can lead to loss of customers hence loss of revenue hence loss of market share

of revenue hence loss of market share also the chance of legal cases by

also the chance of legal cases by customers

customers there could be regulatory fines and

there could be regulatory fines and penalties

penalties and maybe incorrect decision making

and maybe incorrect decision making based on erroneous data you can

ignore this one forget about it okay but these are the five things you need to

these are the five things you need to remember very very clearly

remember very very clearly these two businesses business disruption

these two businesses business disruption reputational risks loss of customer and

reputational risks loss of customer and revenues

revenues legal cases regulatory fines and if it

legal cases regulatory fines and if it is

is worst case scenario even

worst case scenario even going concern

going concern okay

now please write

write why id security is important time starts

why id security is important time starts now give me at least five

now give me at least five reasons why it or cyber security is

reasons why it or cyber security is important please type on your word

important please type on your word document

[Music] 10 more seconds

whatever we are doing right now you have to make sure you memorize it okay that

to make sure you memorize it okay that that's the whole purpose of making you

that's the whole purpose of making you type

type so you are able to memorize it retain it

so you are able to memorize it retain it in your head

now security aspects

we have to secure our hardware and we also have to secure our data and

and we also have to secure our data and software right

software right how can we secure hardware

how can we secure hardware through physical access control like

through physical access control like proper

proper servers like just imagine your server

servers like just imagine your server room

room a server room is a place where

a server room is a place where where you keep your physical servers

where you keep your physical servers so those rooms should be secured

so those rooms should be secured security guards biometrics swipe cars

security guards biometrics swipe cars cctv cameras and then fire protections

cctv cameras and then fire protections generators

generators power supply so this is some basic list

power supply so this is some basic list of i.t security measures relating to

of i.t security measures relating to hardware

regarding software the most important control the most important control is

control the most important control is password

password you we all know right look think about

you we all know right look think about your email account think about your

your email account think about your facebook account

facebook account you don't want people to enter into it

you don't want people to enter into it so you have password protect so password

so you have password protect so password is the perhaps most important security

is the perhaps most important security option tool for data protection

option tool for data protection password management has its own several

password management has its own several requirements that password should be

requirements that password should be like alpha numeric it should be changed

like alpha numeric it should be changed regularly it should not be written or

regularly it should not be written or disclosed to anyone

disclosed to anyone these two are very important lock down

these two are very important lock down after three incorrect or five incorrect

after three incorrect or five incorrect attempts and otp one time password

attempts and otp one time password that's very very important

that's very very important you see you remem when you do an online

you see you remem when you do an online transaction you receive a code on your

transaction you receive a code on your mobile phone you enter that code and

mobile phone you enter that code and then so that's one time passwords

then so that's one time passwords after that you can talk about having

after that you can talk about having strong firewalls

strong firewalls firewall is what is a firewall these are

firewall is what is a firewall these are specialized software for

specialized software for uh you know hacking

it is used for hack prevention against

hack prevention against hacking so if you want to protect

hacking so if you want to protect yourself from hacking

yourself from hacking you have to have firewalls and or

you have to have firewalls and or anti-viruses okay

then you must have backups you must have audit trails they are also known as

audit trails they are also known as system logs

system logs or audit trails are basically you know it tells us who which

basically you know it tells us who which user has

user has uh entered the system at what time what

uh entered the system at what time what activity is done so it's a log of user

activity is done so it's a log of user user log

user log segregation of duty so you must remember

segregation of duty so you must remember all these things as

i software or data security measures please have a look at this for five

please have a look at this for five seconds then i will give you

seconds then i will give you time to type

time to type [Music]

okay time starts now please write at least four to five security measures for

least four to five security measures for data protection

all right done okay can you type three security

okay can you type three security measures for hardware protection

because when we talk about i.t security it needs to cover both physical and

it needs to cover both physical and logic data

let's write short shot no lengthy stories

stories thus pointers

yes ali you are right we through audit trail we will know whose user id was

trail we will know whose user id was compromised right

compromised right and then we can trace from there

also early i uh when you ask a question do not type privately to me nobody is

do not type privately to me nobody is able to see your comments right please

able to see your comments right please select everyone

they're from my uh mock script checking base group right

i said i have a request that risk management like there are

that risk management like there are three to four different types of

three to four different types of questions right so like at the end of

questions right so like at the end of the class or like whenever you feel like

the class or like whenever you feel like you can put it out can you please like

you can put it out can you please like tell the different types of questions

tell the different types of questions under risk management category so that

under risk management category so that it could be easy for us to differ

okay let's move on so now we are done with the

we are done with the business related topics and now our

business related topics and now our corporate governance topics are starting

corporate governance topics are starting in your exam

in your exam the weightage of corporate governance

the weightage of corporate governance topics

topics is less

is less and business related topics is more like

and business related topics is more like 70 30

70 30 okay

okay so uh

so uh corporate governance topics are not very

corporate governance topics are not very complicated not not

complicated not not no models involved or anything

no models involved or anything so the first topic is very common

so the first topic is very common professional code of ethics we all know

professional code of ethics we all know there are five professional code of

there are five professional code of ethics all cafos all finance directors

ethics all cafos all finance directors all qualified accountants

all qualified accountants have to follow

have to follow these professional code of ethics it's

these professional code of ethics it's integrity integrity means honesty

integrity integrity means honesty straightforward truthful blah blah blah

straightforward truthful blah blah blah objectivity means that the

objectivity means that the you know you cfo should take decisions

you know you cfo should take decisions based on fact

based on fact no biases no conflict of interest very

no biases no conflict of interest very important word no undue influences

important word no undue influences professional competence and due care

professional competence and due care confidentiality and professional

confidentiality and professional behavior

behavior okay you need to remember these these

okay you need to remember these these uh are

uh are uh

uh applicable on all professionals

applicable on all professionals qualified professionals okay

qualified professionals okay even you guys once you become

even you guys once you become a member a full-time member of acca

the next small topic is called public interest sometimes the question has been

interest sometimes the question has been asked

asked talk about public interest

talk about public interest so whenever the question says you know

so whenever the question says you know assess the public interest when we say

assess the public interest when we say public interest it means

public interest it means employees customers suppliers

employees customers suppliers society as a cfo

society as a cfo you know my first priority is

you know my first priority is shareholders obviously they are the

shareholders obviously they are the owners of my company

owners of my company but in addition to my

but in addition to my loyalty to shareholders

loyalty to shareholders i also have to be considerate

i also have to be considerate uh for these four stakeholders

uh for these four stakeholders collectively they are known as

collectively they are known as public interest employees

public interest employees customers

customers suppliers society so for example if we

suppliers society so for example if we are mixing

are mixing some

some [Music]

[Music] low grade inferior harmful raw material

low grade inferior harmful raw material in order to

in order to or you are mixing some illegal raw

or you are mixing some illegal raw material in order to

material in order to you know

you know double our profit

double our profit that's wrong because our customers

that's wrong because our customers health is at stake so as a cfo it is my

health is at stake so as a cfo it is my duty it is part of my professional

duty it is part of my professional requirement then that i

requirement then that i raise this flag that something is wrong

raise this flag that something is wrong so as a cfo other than shareholders i

so as a cfo other than shareholders i also need to protect the interest

also need to protect the interest of the public interest or the public

of the public interest or the public which basically includes these four

which basically includes these four okay

corporate code of ethics so a professional code of ethics

so a professional code of ethics basically

basically is issued by

is issued by professional bodies like acca and sima

professional bodies like acca and sima and engineers body pilots body

and engineers body pilots body professional bodies doctors bodies

professional bodies doctors bodies and a corporate code of ethics is

and a corporate code of ethics is basically issued by corporations or

basically issued by corporations or organizations it is applicable to their

organizations it is applicable to their employees

employees okay

okay corporate code of ethics also talk about

corporate code of ethics also talk about three broad a things

three broad a things employees customers supplier society

employees customers supplier society so you see public interest

components and

and corporate code of ethic components are

corporate code of ethic components are pretty much the same

pretty much the same when we talk about employees aspects

when we talk about employees aspects like pay staff turnover training working

like pay staff turnover training working conditions health and safety gender

conditions health and safety gender discrimination diversity all these are

discrimination diversity all these are things which are covered under corporate

things which are covered under corporate code of ethics

code of ethics and for customers and for suppliers okay

and for customers and for suppliers okay not very important but you must remember

not very important but you must remember these three broad headings

chairman and ceo in every board of directors you will see

in every board of directors you will see a chairman and a ceo

a chairman and a ceo these are two different positions

these are two different positions okay chairman is responsible for the

okay chairman is responsible for the running of the board

running of the board the ceo is responsible for the running

the ceo is responsible for the running or day-to-day running of the

or day-to-day running of the organization two different roles

organization two different roles in a listed company it is mandatory

in a listed company it is mandatory that these two roles are done by two

that these two roles are done by two separate persons

separate persons in a family owned or a private limited

in a family owned or a private limited one person can do both the roles

one person can do both the roles but in a listed company you have to be

but in a listed company you have to be split between two people

split between two people why

why what is the advantages of splitting the

what is the advantages of splitting the role between chairman and ceo

what are the advantages segregation of duty obviously these are two different

duty obviously these are two different rules so two different roles so two

rules so two different roles so two different people

different people will lead to segregation of duties

will lead to segregation of duties chairman is able to challenge the ceo

chairman is able to challenge the ceo chairman is more senior he is the

chairman is more senior he is the highest

highest senior person of the organization so

senior person of the organization so someone above the ceo he can challenge

someone above the ceo he can challenge the

the ceo he can monitor the performance of

ceo he can monitor the performance of the ceo other directors employees can

the ceo other directors employees can communicate with chairman

communicate with chairman if they have concerns relating to ceo

if they have concerns relating to ceo okay

okay and higher shareholder confidence as

and higher shareholder confidence as chairman is normally a non-executive

chairman is normally a non-executive director

director forget about the disadvantages

forget about the disadvantages um very very important topic that you

um very very important topic that you must know

must know why the role of chairman and ceo needs

why the role of chairman and ceo needs to be split what are the advantages have

to be split what are the advantages have a look for five seconds and then i will

a look for five seconds and then i will give you 10 seconds to type on your word

give you 10 seconds to type on your word document

document [Music]

naveed is saying that there was a question in march attempt on the role of

question in march attempt on the role of chairman and ceo very good

so much attempt they focused on corporate governance

corporate governance all right please write

all right please write four advantages of splitting the role

four advantages of splitting the role time starts now

okay 10 more seconds

anyways uh i don't think leds have been tested uh

tested uh but you must be familiar you should be

but you must be familiar you should be familiar with the concept non-executive

familiar with the concept non-executive directors are outside directors

directors are outside directors uh they are not employees of the company

uh they are not employees of the company they just get a flat fee for being a

they just get a flat fee for being a non-executive director that they're

non-executive director that they're supposed to be

supposed to be independent so that you know that is why

independent so that you know that is why they are not employees

they are not employees there

there they tend to protect the interest of the

they tend to protect the interest of the shareholders

shareholders and

and what they do they bring outside

what they do they bring outside experience they monitor the performance

experience they monitor the performance of the executive directors they they add

of the executive directors they they add confidence to the shareholders

confidence to the shareholders right

right so what are the advantages of annuities

so what are the advantages of annuities here

here they bring independence

they bring independence they have external experience and wider

they have external experience and wider perspective

perspective they can challenge the performance of

they can challenge the performance of ceo and executive directors

ceo and executive directors employees can discuss confidential

employees can discuss confidential sensitive matters like whistleblowing

sensitive matters like whistleblowing and company can comply with regulatory

and company can comply with regulatory requirements so that's the advantage of

requirements so that's the advantage of entities okay

entities okay [Music]

[Music] the disadvantage is you know you the ned

the disadvantage is you know you the ned might not be 100 independent there might

might not be 100 independent there might be some familiarity biasedness some

be some familiarity biasedness some friendship

friendship and they might not be able to give

and they might not be able to give sufficient time to the business because

sufficient time to the business because you know there is not their

you know there is not their job right it's

job right it's it's a fixed thing so they might

it's a fixed thing so they might anyways

anyways both committees so

both committees so again uh important topic uh audit

again uh important topic uh audit committee risk committee have been

committee risk committee have been tested

tested board committee means

board committee means that

that there are sub-committees of the board

there are sub-committees of the board yes daniel correct

yes daniel correct there are sub-committees within the

there are sub-committees within the board so there's a full board

board so there's a full board and within the board

and within the board we make smaller committees as well okay

we make smaller committees as well okay within the same members there's no

within the same members there's no outsider in the committee within the

outsider in the committee within the full board you may have smaller

full board you may have smaller committees

committees the for more the four most common

the for more the four most common committees are nomination committee

committees are nomination committee it has 100 or majority have to be

it has 100 or majority have to be entities

entities remuneration committee hundred percent

remuneration committee hundred percent have to be entities

have to be entities so the administration committee they

so the administration committee they decide what do they do as the name says

decide what do they do as the name says they

they decide the salaries the benefits the

decide the salaries the benefits the bonuses of the ceo and the

bonuses of the ceo and the other executive directors and senior

other executive directors and senior staff

staff that is why they said they have to be

that is why they said they have to be hundred percent

hundred percent non-executive yes

non-executive yes and the third one is audit committee

and the third one is audit committee very important it hundred percent con

very important it hundred percent con indies

indies what do they do they do four things

what do they do they do four things remember what do they do audit committee

remember what do they do audit committee do four things

do four things financial statements and internal

financial statements and internal controls

controls external auditors

external auditors internal auditors

internal auditors whistleblowing

whistleblowing [Music]

[Music] these are the four core tasks of audit

these are the four core tasks of audit committee they look at the financial

committee they look at the financial statements and the correctness of

statements and the correctness of financial statements and internal

financial statements and internal controls

controls they

they manage the external auditors they manage

manage the external auditors they manage the internal auditor

the internal auditor and they arranged whistleblowing

and they arranged whistleblowing activity

activity please note

please note all members have to be any d that's the

all members have to be any d that's the requirement of audit committee

requirement of audit committee and at least one member should have

and at least one member should have recent expertise in finance and audit

recent expertise in finance and audit obviously it's an audit committee so

obviously it's an audit committee so ideally majority or maximum members

ideally majority or maximum members should be finance and audit people but

should be finance and audit people but at least at least one person should be a

at least at least one person should be a finance and audit experienced person in

finance and audit experienced person in the committee you can't have one air

the committee you can't have one air hostess

hostess one chef and one pilot in an audit

one chef and one pilot in an audit committee

committee they don't know jack about

they don't know jack about financial statements right

financial statements right so at least one has to be finance and

so at least one has to be finance and audit

audit [Music]

[Music] risk committee majority has to be

risk committee majority has to be entities and as the name says they are

entities and as the name says they are more focused on risk management related

more focused on risk management related activities of the organization like

activities of the organization like implementing the

implementing the the policies the procedures the

the policies the procedures the processes identifying the key risk

processes identifying the key risk looking at mitigation the risk registers

looking at mitigation the risk registers training

training all those things

now the most important topic why the f do we have committees

why the f do we have committees [Music]

[Music] what's the need for committees baba the

what's the need for committees baba the whole board is there

whole board is there why do you need to have smaller

why do you need to have smaller committees within the board

committees within the board there must be some added advantages of

there must be some added advantages of these committees

these committees very very important wait a minute

very very important wait a minute first of all more focused

first of all more focused on audit committee

on audit committee will be more focused towards its mandate

will be more focused towards its mandate which is financial statements internal

which is financial statements internal audit external audit whistleblowing

risk committee will be more focused towards risk management related

towards risk management related activities

activities because the whole boat cannot focus on

because the whole boat cannot focus on these things right

these things right but if you have a small committee

but if you have a small committee specifically made for these activities

specifically made for these activities they will be more focused

they will be more focused they'll be more specialized actually

they'll be more specialized actually these are two diff two and two

these are two diff two and two advantages one

advantages one and two okay more specialized

and two okay more specialized uh how in audit committee we will try to

uh how in audit committee we will try to keep those people who have finance and

keep those people who have finance and audit backgrounds

audit backgrounds in this committee we will keep those

in this committee we will keep those nominate those directors who have risk

nominate those directors who have risk management background

management background in nomination committee or rem committee

in nomination committee or rem committee we will nominate people with hr

we will nominate people with hr background like you see you can select

background like you see you can select people with the right expertise so more

people with the right expertise so more specialization

specialization and then more time can be spent by

and then more time can be spent by committees as full now of course so the

committees as full now of course so the committees they meet more frequently or

committees they meet more frequently or they give more time they they need extra

they give more time they they need extra right and then the board

right and then the board can focus more on strategic matters

can focus more on strategic matters and then higher involvement of leds

and then higher involvement of leds increases shareholder confidence this is

increases shareholder confidence this is a very important

a very important thing please can you read this

thing please can you read this and then i will ask you to type

and then i will ask you to type time starts now

short pointers i need five advantages of having a separate boat committee

uh hi sir so last time there was one question on uh you know

question on uh you know uh advantages of having a strategy

uh advantages of having a strategy committee board

committee board so like it was

so like it was it was some question out of blue and

advantages of having a strategy committee board

committee board tell me

tell me what do you think will be the advantage

what do you think will be the advantage of having a strategic committee

of having a strategic committee [Music]

[Music] more focused and specialized on what

more focused and specialized on what more focused on what

more focused on what on strategy related matters thank you

on strategy related matters thank you more specialized in what

more specialized in what about the

about the business matters

business matters uh in strategic management matters right

uh in strategic management matters right yeah then what else what advantage

yeah then what else what advantage that's it

that's it increase shareholder confidence no tell

increase shareholder confidence no tell me the second bullet

me the second bullet oh more time can we spend my committee

oh more time can we spend my committee as full borders winter time

as full borders winter time so can they spend more time on strategic

so can they spend more time on strategic matters

matters yes sir

yes sir then what else

then what else what can focus

what can focus more on

more on other matters

other matters then

then higher involvement of any of these

higher involvement of any of these colors

colors i mean it cannot get simpler than this

i mean it cannot get simpler than this right

right yeah

yeah so it's very very important that you

so it's very very important that you guys remember these basic pointers

guys remember these basic pointers it will fit into any kind of case study

it will fit into any kind of case study if you just can't do this then you're

if you just can't do this then you're not fit to be a cfo

not fit to be a cfo okay

okay yeah easy now

yeah easy now yeah you want you want the question to

yeah you want you want the question to come again

come again i would it would be great

i would it would be great yes vanu

yes vanu uh hi sir can you explain the difference

uh hi sir can you explain the difference uh between higher involvement by nads

uh between higher involvement by nads and this more time

and this more time spent just i was trying just thinking in

spent just i was trying just thinking in terms of drafting what will i have no

terms of drafting what will i have no more time spent means that the committee

more time spent means that the committee will be able to spend more time

will be able to spend more time on the

on the activity rather than the full board

activity rather than the full board board has limited time right both cannot

board has limited time right both cannot so committees can meet more often more

so committees can meet more often more longer to spend more time

longer to spend more time okay and then higher involvement when it

okay and then higher involvement when it is means that all the members are ned's

is means that all the members are ned's right so they have upper hand

right so they have upper hand like audit committee all members are

like audit committee all members are leds risk committee all members are any

leds risk committee all members are any ds so

ds so you know it's better right oh in terms

you know it's better right oh in terms of like corporate governance that yes

of like corporate governance that yes okay thank you so yeah

okay thank you so yeah okay remuneration and reward of

okay remuneration and reward of directors just one thing i want to tell

directors just one thing i want to tell that

that the

the the remuneration

the remuneration one portion should be fixed

one portion should be fixed for the executive directors but there

for the executive directors but there should be a variable or performance

should be a variable or performance based portion as well

based portion as well directors cannot have fixed salary

directors cannot have fixed salary and fixed bonuses okay

and fixed bonuses okay when you become a director when the more

when you become a director when the more senior you become you there will be a

senior you become you there will be a fixed component and some component of

fixed component and some component of your remuneration will be attached to

your remuneration will be attached to the performance of the company and your

the performance of the company and your performance so a variable component

performance so a variable component that's it

that's it insider trading

insider trading uh simply means that

uh simply means that you know directors or cfo they have

you know directors or cfo they have access to confidential information right

access to confidential information right so i'm not allowed to

so i'm not allowed to misuse that information or use that

misuse that information or use that information for any personal benefit

information for any personal benefit if i use this that confidential

if i use this that confidential information for my own personal benefit

information for my own personal benefit it's a crime and i will be imprisoned

it's a crime and i will be imprisoned for a long time so insider trading and

for a long time so insider trading and dealing is not allowed it's illegal it's

dealing is not allowed it's illegal it's unethical

you know family owned what are the differences between a family owned and a

differences between a family owned and a listed company

listed company uh

uh you know on a listed company more

you know on a listed company more corporate governance regulations are

corporate governance regulations are applicable obviously you know in a

applicable obviously you know in a family-owned

family-owned they are private limited so less

they are private limited so less corporate governance but in a listed

corporate governance but in a listed company stringent not even more

company stringent not even more stringent corporate governance

stringent corporate governance regulations on applicable

regulations on applicable the role of chairman and ceo are split

the role of chairman and ceo are split in the listed company

in the listed company there has to be sufficient number of

there has to be sufficient number of ned's in a listed company

ned's in a listed company in the family owned

in the family owned you may not require any of these because

you may not require any of these because corporate governance is not

corporate governance is not you know applicable that much on a

you know applicable that much on a family owned

family owned board committees obviously when there

board committees obviously when there are entities there will be both

are entities there will be both committees board is accountable to

committees board is accountable to external shareholders decisions are

external shareholders decisions are based on voting rights

based on voting rights in a family owned decisions are not

in a family owned decisions are not based on voting rights it's if the dad

based on voting rights it's if the dad says

says to be done it's to be done

to be done it's to be done directors remuneration are based on

directors remuneration are based on performance

performance high focus on risk management whistle

high focus on risk management whistle blowing so these are all the features of

blowing so these are all the features of a listed company you will not find these

a listed company you will not find these features in a private limited or a

features in a private limited or a family-owned business or even if you

family-owned business or even if you find these it will be very small or very

find these it will be very small or very insignificant

insignificant okay so these are the things which are

okay so these are the things which are different in a listed company

uh this line i'm not able to remove you know i'm really pissed off someone made

know i'm really pissed off someone made this line i don't know who made this

this line i don't know who made this line

i can close this document uh or maybe legit let's change screen

even if i change screen it's there it's in the zoom so i'll have to log out and

in the zoom so i'll have to log out and then log in man

okay integrated reporting is the next topic it is a topic which has been

topic it is a topic which has been tested couple of times in your paper

tested couple of times in your paper it's an important topic

it's an important topic and it is a slippery topic slippery in

and it is a slippery topic slippery in the sense

the sense it is a little bit weird some students

it is a little bit weird some students may struggle with the concept

may struggle with the concept okay

okay so i'll try to make it easier just

so i'll try to make it easier just remember that there are three things

remember that there are three things three

three things in this topic the topic is ir

things in this topic the topic is ir right so there are three things or three

right so there are three things or three components

what components okay three things in ir which you need to cover

which you need to cover in your answer the first thing is

in your answer the first thing is difference between

us conventional financial statement and ayah

so what is the difference between a financial statement the one which we are

financial statement the one which we are normally used to

normally used to versus an integrated report

versus an integrated report so financial statement is historic

so financial statement is historic ir is

ir is futuristic

futuristic financial statement is

financial statement is mostly financial 90 percent is

mostly financial 90 percent is financials

financials ir

ir is not mostly financials it also covers

is not mostly financials it also covers all other aspects of the all the aspects

all other aspects of the all the aspects of the business

of the business including financials but it is not only

including financials but it is not only financials

financials financial statement is focusing on

financial statement is focusing on shareholders whereas ir

shareholders whereas ir focuses on stakeholders

focuses on stakeholders financial statements

financial statements less emphasis on social and

less emphasis on social and environmental activities of the

environmental activities of the organization whereas ir

organization whereas ir they they you know highlight social and

they they you know highlight social and environmental activities of

environmental activities of the organization financial statements

the organization financial statements talks about share capital only whereas

talks about share capital only whereas ir talks about six capitals

ir talks about six capitals including share capital

including share capital so you must be familiar with the

so you must be familiar with the differences second component is

differences second component is what are those six capitals

in your answer so okay so six capitals are basically

financial capital it talks about the financial performance of the

financial performance of the organization

organization manufacturing capital here we talk about

manufacturing capital here we talk about all the tangible assets tangible asset

all the tangible assets tangible asset means

means non-current assets and current assets

non-current assets and current assets talks about intellectual capital this is

talks about intellectual capital this is all intangible assets like research and

all intangible assets like research and development brands patents

human capital talks about employee related matters

related matters social capital talks about customer

social capital talks about customer supplier society government like public

supplier society government like public interest

interest and natural capital talks about

and natural capital talks about environmental matters like pollution

environmental matters like pollution recycling carbon

recycling carbon okay the other six capitals

okay the other six capitals there is whereas a financial statement

there is whereas a financial statement only talks about share capital

what are the advantages of advantages slash disadvantages of ir

slash disadvantages of ir so

so obviously what are the advantages of ir

obviously what are the advantages of ir [Music]

[Music] since ir is a voluntary

since ir is a voluntary disclosure

it's a voluntary disclosure okay

voluntary disclosure okay it enhances the reputation

it enhances the reputation organization's image and reputation for

organization's image and reputation for trans ir has a lot more information

trans ir has a lot more information about the business and it's a voluntary

about the business and it's a voluntary thing so

thing so those organizations who publish

those organizations who publish integrated reports their image their

integrated reports their image their reputation for transparency for being

reputation for transparency for being open

open truthful is much more as compared to

truthful is much more as compared to a non-ir organization

a non-ir organization effective communication with

effective communication with all stakeholders as we said that you

all stakeholders as we said that you know ir is focusing more on

know ir is focusing more on stakeholders other than shareholders so

stakeholders other than shareholders so it's a good way of engaging with all

it's a good way of engaging with all your key stakeholders

your key stakeholders demonstrate how organization create

demonstrate how organization create value leave that out

value leave that out it integrates social and environmental

it integrates social and environmental aspects

aspects so it focuses on its highlights the

so it focuses on its highlights the organization social activities

organization social activities environmental activities so that you

environmental activities so that you know in today's world a lot of people

know in today's world a lot of people are interested in your social and

are interested in your social and environmental activities so this is the

environmental activities so this is the document which really

document which really highlights all these things it focuses

highlights all these things it focuses on six capitals better understand

on six capitals better understand all right so three four advantages you

all right so three four advantages you must know of ir

must know of ir it's a voluntary so it increases the

it's a voluntary so it increases the reputation

reputation image and reputation

image and reputation better communication with stakeholders

better communication with stakeholders identify social and environmental

identify social and environmental activities it focuses on six capital

activities it focuses on six capital uh

uh maybe we are able to attract investment

maybe we are able to attract investment at a lower cost of capital because of

at a lower cost of capital because of greater information we are more

greater information we are more transparent we will be able to attract

transparent we will be able to attract capital at a lower cost

capital at a lower cost and it may gives comp edge over other

and it may gives comp edge over other companies

companies but there are certain disadvantages

but there are certain disadvantages too much information too much commercial

too much information too much commercial information is disclosed

information is disclosed which is not good obviously competitors

which is not good obviously competitors might take undue advantage of this

might take undue advantage of this and then the valuation of six capital is

and then the valuation of six capital is quite subjective how do you value human

quite subjective how do you value human capital how do you value

capital how do you value social capital so it's not that

social capital so it's not that straightforward so there is a lot of

straightforward so there is a lot of subjectivity

subjectivity uh you know involved

uh you know involved in uh all these thing

in uh all these thing [Music]

[Music] so now

so now coming to back to this table if you get

coming to back to this table if you get a question on ir

a question on ir in your exam

in your exam i repeat if you get a question on ir in

i repeat if you get a question on ir in your exam

your exam these are the three possible things you

these are the three possible things you may need to talk about

may need to talk about just remember these three components or

just remember these three components or things first of all try to talk about

things first of all try to talk about little bit of differences between a

little bit of differences between a financial statement and the integrated

financial statement and the integrated report you can name the con six capitals

report you can name the con six capitals and in the end you can also give

and in the end you can also give advantages so if it's a 15 mark question

advantages so if it's a 15 mark question 18 mark question i am pretty sure all

18 mark question i am pretty sure all these three components these two talked

these three components these two talked about i think in one of the case studies

about i think in one of the case studies i believe it was highlight hotel or

maybe highlight hotel you know there's a 18 marks or a 15

you know there's a 18 marks or a 15 marks question on ir so all these three

marks question on ir so all these three components

components so just remember that whenever you get a

so just remember that whenever you get a heavy duty question on ir

heavy duty question on ir you have to touch base on all these

you have to touch base on all these things

things of course you need to read the

of course you need to read the requirement

requirement but directly indirectly these three

but directly indirectly these three things will need to be covered

ir uh thinking so integrated thinking and integrated reporting that's the same

and integrated reporting that's the same thing

thing integrated thinking is the mindset

integrated thinking is the mindset integrated reporting is

integrated reporting is is the reporting

is the reporting document

document you understand

you understand integrated thinking

integrated thinking and integrated reporting same concept

and integrated reporting same concept integrated reporting is the outcome the

integrated reporting is the outcome the you know the report of integrated

you know the report of integrated thinking and all this is ir integrated

thinking and all this is ir integrated reporting integrated thinking don't get

reporting integrated thinking don't get confused with the words yes

yes farzana uh hi sir hope you're well uh i just

uh hi sir hope you're well uh i just wanted to ask if the examiner wanted me

wanted to ask if the examiner wanted me to ask or answer me specific questions

to ask or answer me specific questions regarding the six capitals what could be

regarding the six capitals what could be the question like

the question like there is a question in one of your

there is a question in one of your specimen papers it will say

specimen papers it will say uh analyze the performance of the

uh analyze the performance of the company in terms of sex capital

company in terms of sex capital okay

okay so you will first talk about financial

so you will first talk about financial capital some financials will be given

capital some financials will be given you can talk about it then you can look

you can talk about it then you can look at human capital some kpis will be given

at human capital some kpis will be given staff turnover and all this and that

staff turnover and all this and that so each individually you need to write

so each individually you need to write some info you know some

some info you know some comments and information will be

comments and information will be available in the exhibit on each of them

available in the exhibit on each of them okay so performance being the key word

okay so performance being the key word for seeks capital

for seeks capital no it will say

no it will say evaluate the perform yeah something like

evaluate the perform yeah something like that but ir the word ir will be there

that but ir the word ir will be there performance and i are both will be there

yes siri sir my question is also regarding the six capital only

regarding the six capital only so

so if we are analyzing this capital using

if we are analyzing this capital using you know human you know finance all what

you know human you know finance all what would be the recommendation

would be the recommendation nothing no recommendation required we

nothing no recommendation required we will just say whether it's

will just say whether it's improving or depleting colors

improving or depleting colors uh there's a very nice question which i

uh there's a very nice question which i did

did on six capital i think uh

you can watch this

this it's old june webinar last year

it's old june webinar last year uh i think i i solved a question on six

uh i think i i solved a question on six capital but it's straightforward

[Music] okay dcs yeah it was dcs where there was

okay dcs yeah it was dcs where there was a question of ir

a question of ir yes louis

yes louis [Music]

shall we use a tabular format not necessarily not not really

okay so ir is a complicated topic so don't try to do a phd in ir

don't try to do a phd in ir just remember what are the three

just remember what are the three components

components differences with the financial

differences with the financial conventional statements

conventional statements six capitals and advantages

six capitals and advantages disadvantages try to use them in your

disadvantages try to use them in your answer it will fit somehow

answer it will fit somehow uh you know

uh you know nothing much can be done

nothing much can be done [Music]

[Music] social footprint and environmental

social footprint and environmental footprint again the wave same thing

footprint again the wave same thing social footprint talks about employees

social footprint talks about employees customers suppliers society the public

customers suppliers society the public interesting

interesting and environmental footprints it talks

and environmental footprints it talks about

about pollution carbon vessel recycling

pollution carbon vessel recycling you know using scarce resources

you know using scarce resources very generally you must just know the

very generally you must just know the meaning of these words social footprint

meaning of these words social footprint and fun environmental footprints

and fun environmental footprints footprints means

footprints means impact

impact okay

so environmental impact or activities footprints is a sexy word

footprints is a sexy word uh invite simply means environmental

uh invite simply means environmental impact or

impact or activities

activities okay of the organization now

okay of the organization now risk management

risk management we have already covered in a lot of detail in our

in a lot of detail in our previous classes right so i will not

previous classes right so i will not going to lend the lectures

going to lend the lectures i will just touch upon watch what ananya

i will just touch upon watch what ananya said that sir what kind of questions can

said that sir what kind of questions can come

so risk management again uh what are the various types of questions let me type

various types of questions let me type somewhere i can type here

uh first of all most simple identify the

first of all most simple identify the key risks

key risks this is the most straightforward

this is the most straightforward questions

questions identify the key risks and give

identify the key risks and give recommendation

recommendation so whenever the question says identify

so whenever the question says identify the key risks

the key risks you will need to refer

you will need to refer to this list

to this list this is a list of

this is a list of the risks

the risks which

which any organization faces you must remember

any organization faces you must remember or memorize

or memorize these risks

these risks so if the question says identify the key

so if the question says identify the key risks

risks in your brain you

in your brain you start going through this list and

start going through this list and wherever you can find something related

wherever you can find something related to that particular case study

to that particular case study you will cover that

you will cover that when the question says identify the key

when the question says identify the key risk always try to name the risk it's

risk always try to name the risk it's very important that you use these

very important that you use these terminologies

terminologies business risk strategic risk financial

business risk strategic risk financial risk liquidity risk credit risk

risk liquidity risk credit risk effects risks interest rate risk market

effects risks interest rate risk market risk market share or competitive risk

risk market share or competitive risk and then political risk legal and

and then political risk legal and compliance risk environmental risk

compliance risk environmental risk reputational risk health and safety

reputational risk health and safety technology risk operational risk

technology risk operational risk intellectual risk

intellectual risk so these are there could be many more

so these are there could be many more but these are the top like top 10 15

but these are the top like top 10 15 risks

risks okay so you must know what they mean

okay so you must know what they mean which i know you know by now

which i know you know by now and you must memorize this so the first

and you must memorize this so the first type of question is identify the key

type of question is identify the key risks

risks the second type of question which

the second type of question which normally comes or which may come

normally comes or which may come is basically

is basically [Music]

risk register said that you might be given a risk

said that you might be given a risk register

and you will be asked to evaluate the risk register whether it looks okay

risk register whether it looks okay whether the impacts

whether the impacts have been properly defined whether the

have been properly defined whether the recommendations are there is there any

recommendations are there is there any columns missing so i've complete focus

columns missing so i've complete focus on risk register

you will not be asked to prepare a risk register

register okay you will not be i i repeat you will

okay you will not be i i repeat you will not be asked to prepare a risk register

not be asked to prepare a risk register a risk register will be given to you in

a risk register will be given to you in one of the exhibits and you might be

one of the exhibits and you might be asked to evaluate or you know assess

asked to evaluate or you know assess whether it is adequate or not now what

whether it is adequate or not now what is a risk register here

is a risk register here so this these are the

so this these are the columns which should be there in a risk

columns which should be there in a risk register

register so the risk must be there what is the

so the risk must be there what is the risk about a description of the risk

risk about a description of the risk the impact

the impact what will be the impact if this risk

what will be the impact if this risk happens let me increase the screen size

happens let me increase the screen size then what are the chances or likelihood

then what are the chances or likelihood or probability of happening

or probability of happening priority of the risk is it a high risk

priority of the risk is it a high risk medium risk low risk

medium risk low risk then we talk about the mitigation action

then we talk about the mitigation action that what is the organization doing in

that what is the organization doing in order to minimize this risk

order to minimize this risk owner

owner who is the owner of that risk so for a

who is the owner of that risk so for a credit risk

credit risk the finance or the cfo will be the owner

the finance or the cfo will be the owner of credit risk right

of credit risk right it's a financial thing

it's a financial thing and most important next review date

and most important next review date when this register or this item will be

when this register or this item will be reviewed

reviewed it can be monthly it can be quarterly it

it can be monthly it can be quarterly it can be six monthly depending on the

can be six monthly depending on the nature the severity whatever

nature the severity whatever but it should be clearly defined

but it should be clearly defined when it will be reviewed like the

when it will be reviewed like the frequency

oh yes thus mean this register has been there

there we did a question yesterday right or day

we did a question yesterday right or day before yesterday or risk register

before yesterday or risk register two three days back i think it was uh

nccp yeah talk about the adequacy of the impact

talk about the adequacy of the impact and

and mitigation yes vanu

mitigation yes vanu so uh if you go up slightly there was a

so uh if you go up slightly there was a on the recommendations you mentioned

on the recommendations you mentioned if we reverse

if we reverse uh you know like

uh you know like uh it says reverse it to arrive at

uh it says reverse it to arrive at recommendation what do you mean by that

recommendation what do you mean by that i don't mean anything

it's simple how do you recommend

how would you be how would you draft your recommendations you look at

draft your recommendations you look at the risk

the risk you look at the root cause

you look at the root cause and you try to address that so when you

and you try to address that so when you try to address that it will

try to address that it will automatically become a

automatically become a recommendation

okay the third type of question uh which can

the third type of question uh which can come

come is

that the youth examiner may ask you to analyze the organization's entire risk

analyze the organization's entire risk management process

management process you understand so risk management

you understand so risk management process

process has certain steps so you may be asked to

has certain steps so you may be asked to assess the adequacy

assess the adequacy of the risk management

of the risk management process so what are the risk management

process so what are the risk management processes

it's all there so you need to be memorizing and very familiar with the

memorizing and very familiar with the notes

notes so the risk management process is the

so the risk management process is the first thing is a commitment from the top

first thing is a commitment from the top management the board

management the board should be involved in risk management

should be involved in risk management they should take risk management

they should take risk management seriously

seriously and they should have a so the

and they should have a so the they should have a risk committee there

they should have a risk committee there should be commitment

should be commitment there should be a risk of it

there should be a risk of it and then all these activities

and then all these activities like the risk register thing that you

like the risk register thing that you know make a list of the thing

know make a list of the thing so all the risk register comes in now

so all the risk register comes in now that we will prepare the risk registers

that we will prepare the risk registers analyze the impact we will prioritize we

analyze the impact we will prioritize we will make actions

will make actions we will make the register

we will make the register regular monitoring all those things

regular monitoring all those things and then

and then training

training that staff needs to be trained on risk

that staff needs to be trained on risk management policies and procedures for

management policies and procedures for larger companies we may also appoint

larger companies we may also appoint risk managers this is for very complex

risk managers this is for very complex companies like a oil gas company or oil

companies like a oil gas company or oil refinery or something which is which has

refinery or something which is which has high

high health and safety risks or a lot of

health and safety risks or a lot of complications there you can appoint a

complications there you can appoint a risk manager even for larger companies

risk manager even for larger companies you have

you have risk audits as well

risk audits as well so all these collectively these steps

so all these collectively these steps are known as risk management

are known as risk management activities or risk management process of

activities or risk management process of an organization

an organization [Music]

[Music] okay any questions

okay any questions ananya so coming back to you these are

ananya so coming back to you these are the three most common types of questions

the three most common types of questions i have seen so far

i have seen so far there was one or two smaller questions

there was one or two smaller questions here and there

here and there ignore it but these are the three broad

ignore it but these are the three broad or the most repeated type of questions

or the most repeated type of questions in

in in your paper you must be very very

in your paper you must be very very strong hands-on on these

strong hands-on on these sir and also risk management framework

sir and also risk management framework is kara modern right so

is kara modern right so i don't know i don't get into these

i don't know i don't get into these complications

complications yeah you can risk management framework

yeah you can risk management framework or risk management strategies estara

sir i had the same question that if it's a framework shall we put a process or

a framework shall we put a process or shall we go for a strategy

shall we go for a strategy the process is the one i showed you

the process is the one i showed you yeah

yeah tata model was a four mark question i

tata model was a four mark question i don't even sweat about it

don't even sweat about it okay

okay thank you

thank you all right guys so risk management uh

we again talked about this uh

uh risk diversification it's okay types of

risk diversification it's okay types of questions that's very important risk

questions that's very important risk management process is very important and

management process is very important and risk register these are the most

risk register these are the most important things okay

what will be the advantages of risk committee

committee again very simple

again very simple very repetitive

very repetitive more focused

more focused more specialized more time can be spent

more specialized more time can be spent by the committee board can focus more

by the committee board can focus more higher involvement of nit higher

higher involvement of nit higher shareholder confidence i have heard this

shareholder confidence i have heard this before as well

before as well you see so this advantages can fit into

you see so this advantages can fit into any committee audit committee risk

any committee audit committee risk community strategic whatever committee

then there is this fourth line of defense uh let me check uh something

so done with uh

done with uh risk management

risk management internal controls i think this is the

internal controls i think this is the last topic internal controls again i you

last topic internal controls again i you see a very very important topic it is

see a very very important topic it is tested very very frequently in your

tested very very frequently in your exams

exams that you will be asked to identify the

that you will be asked to identify the weaknesses and give recommendations

weaknesses and give recommendations so it's a very common sense question it

so it's a very common sense question it can all the information will be there in

can all the information will be there in the exhibit you will need to read

the exhibit you will need to read identify whatever mistakes you can spot

identify whatever mistakes you can spot talk about the impact

talk about the impact why do you think it's a weakness

why do you think it's a weakness obviously there must be some

obviously there must be some negative impact on the company you need

negative impact on the company you need to explain that and then give our

to explain that and then give our recommendations from your common sense

internal audit i think this is an important topic for this time that is

important topic for this time that is why i'm talking about it internal audit

why i'm talking about it internal audit what is an internal audit it is

what is an internal audit it is basically

basically a assurance function it isn't as it's an

a assurance function it isn't as it's an assurance function but internal so

assurance function but internal so external audit is also an assurance

external audit is also an assurance function but it is external

function but it is external within the organization to ensure that

within the organization to ensure that the governance process risk management

the governance process risk management and controls are working

and controls are working what do these guys do they do all the

what do these guys do they do all the things they audit everything they review

things they audit everything they review the risk management procedures they

the risk management procedures they review all the internal controls they

review all the internal controls they look at accounting controls and

look at accounting controls and reportings they look at operational

reportings they look at operational efficiencies they look at legal

efficiencies they look at legal compliance they do special

compliance they do special investigations

investigations everything whatever the mandate is given

everything whatever the mandate is given to them by the board they do it

thus all organization need to have internal audit

internal audit it depends

it depends it's uh

it's uh you know it's a subjective thing right

you know it's a subjective thing right all depart all organizations will have

all depart all organizations will have marketing they will have uh finance they

marketing they will have uh finance they will have all the i.t but

will have all the i.t but internal audit some may have

internal audit some may have some may not have

some may not have right

right so how do we decide

so how do we decide if you're a

if you're a consultant if you're a consultant how

consultant if you're a consultant how can we recommend

can we recommend what factors based on which we should

what factors based on which we should have or have not

have or have not so first of all the most easy is

so first of all the most easy is any legal requirement

any legal requirement so

so for example listed companies

for example listed companies it is mandatory

it is mandatory to have an internal audit

to have an internal audit so khalas discussion end as a legal

so khalas discussion end as a legal requirement you have to have

requirement you have to have but supposing there is no

but supposing there is no legal requirement then you can look at

legal requirement then you can look at other

other aspects

aspects like the size of the organization

like the size of the organization the larger the size

the larger the size the more

the more stronger the case for having internal

stronger the case for having internal audit

audit complexity and growth so

complexity and growth so size complexity and growth the larger

size complexity and growth the larger the stronger case for having internal

the stronger case for having internal audits

audits risk levels so if the operation has high

risk levels so if the operation has high risks

risks then it makes sense to have internal

then it makes sense to have internal audits so that they can constantly

audits so that they can constantly review check and give assurance to the

review check and give assurance to the board

board number of employees so if we have high

number of employees so if we have high number of employees again it denotes

number of employees again it denotes size

size this one is nice geographical dispersion

this one is nice geographical dispersion so if you have a lot of scattered

so if you have a lot of scattered offices scattered branches or scattered

offices scattered branches or scattered countries or

countries or cities it makes sense to have internal

cities it makes sense to have internal audits so that they can visit they can

audits so that they can visit they can audit all the locations and give us

audit all the locations and give us assurance

assurance centralized or decentralized again

centralized or decentralized again linked to the first point like the point

linked to the first point like the point above

above if it's decentralized the risks are

if it's decentralized the risks are higher

higher so um we may have internal audit

so um we may have internal audit quality of the system and internal

quality of the system and internal control so if our systems and

control so if our systems and controls are weaker then we have a

controls are weaker then we have a strong

strong justification to have internal audit

justification to have internal audit high frequency of

high frequency of errors or breaches or fraud

errors or breaches or fraud and then if you know the

and then if you know the the frequency is high of errors and

the frequency is high of errors and non-compliance and issues and frauds and

non-compliance and issues and frauds and this then that means we need internal

this then that means we need internal audit and of course in the last

audit and of course in the last cost benefit considerations as well

cost benefit considerations as well because internal audit they don't bring

because internal audit they don't bring any revenue they don't add any

any revenue they don't add any incremental revenue

incremental revenue but they are cost so these are the

but they are cost so these are the benefits but these are all intangible

benefits but these are all intangible benefits right

benefits right so all these considerations based on

so all these considerations based on this we can

this we can recommend or not recommend having a

recommend or not recommend having a internal audit

what else is left articles there are four articles

articles there are four articles [Music]

[Music] okay

okay uh let me

uh let me [Music]

[Music] cover the article then we might take a

cover the article then we might take a small break for 10 minutes 15 minutes is

small break for 10 minutes 15 minutes is that okay

that okay [Music]

[Music] no don't water break

no don't water break okay okay let us

okay okay let us reach to a certain level and then i will

reach to a certain level and then i will give away technical articles so

give away technical articles so there has been no new technical article

there has been no new technical article up till today

up till today so i checked today afternoon

so i checked today afternoon no new article has been published for

no new article has been published for spf

spf does anyone happen to know any article

so so far whatever articles were published

so far whatever articles were published have been tested

have been tested only two articles have not yet been

only two articles have not yet been tested wait guys i will give a break in

tested wait guys i will give a break in 10 minutes stop

only two uh things have not been tested one is ai robotics and machine learning

one is ai robotics and machine learning and the other one is called four lines

and the other one is called four lines of defense

honestly my opinion is i will not i don't expect questions from these two

i don't expect questions from these two why because these are old articles now

why because these are old articles now normally what happens is the examiner

normally what happens is the examiner they test

they test the latest articles so if it is

the latest articles so if it is published this month or last month you

published this month or last month you should expect a question

should expect a question these articles are published like eight

these articles are published like eight nine ten months back

nine ten months back two papers have already happened after

two papers have already happened after that and nothing on robotics ai's

that and nothing on robotics ai's or four line of defense so

or four line of defense so [Music]

[Music] no ursula so to cut the long story short

no ursula so to cut the long story short uh

uh you know it's not important these are

you know it's not important these are outdated articles now but if you want

outdated articles now but if you want you can go through these i'm not i'll

you can go through these i'm not i'll not ex spend time because i want to

not ex spend time because i want to spend more time on the case studies now

spend more time on the case studies now you can easily go through these pointers

you can easily go through these pointers okay very very simple

okay very very simple if you want

if you want um it's not difficult and it's not

um it's not difficult and it's not important as well

important as well [Music]

[Music] ananya

fazel ain't robotics was tested last time

last time means in the march again and would you remember the question

and would you remember the question so it was not in my question it was in

so it was not in my question it was in the morning batch i gave the apple match

the morning batch i gave the apple match so

so so you haven't seen it

so you haven't seen it yeah i haven't seen it but you know the

yeah i haven't seen it but you know the people who gave exam the morning told me

people who gave exam the morning told me that they had questions on ai and

that they had questions on ai and robotics so why no one else in this 156

robotics so why no one else in this 156 group is speaking about that

uh sir i have another another point let's finish

let's finish okay wait

okay wait so then yeah yeah if that's good news if

so then yeah yeah if that's good news if that's tested it's out of the way now

uh so what type of question will appear in the exam on these like it's related

in the exam on these like it's related to we have to relate with the scenario

to we have to relate with the scenario or the general question

or the general question general question in spl are you crazy

general question in spl are you crazy i mean that we have to just use the

i mean that we have to just use the company name and this and that or

company name and this and that or just copy they might

just copy they might they might say uh the question on ai

they might say uh the question on ai could be

could be that the company is thinking of

that the company is thinking of implementing ai

implementing ai okay

and you might be asked to evaluate the option

the option okay and when we what do we do

okay and when we what do we do when the question says evaluate or

when the question says evaluate or assess

assess uh

uh fourth pros and cons yes pros and cons

fourth pros and cons yes pros and cons so you should be familiar

so you should be familiar with three four advantages and three

with three four advantages and three four disadvantages of ai which is

four disadvantages of ai which is just you know mentioned here in the

just you know mentioned here in the nodes

nodes uh

uh advantages

advantages it's faster it's accurate less errors 24

it's faster it's accurate less errors 24 7

7 less dependency on employees but then

less dependency on employees but then there are

there are risks and issues and disadvantages you

risks and issues and disadvantages you just remember this list okay

uh who else is there uh

uh ananya why your hand is up all the time

ananya why your hand is up all the time i have a one more question sir if they

i have a one more question sir if they ask a question on you know that uh four

ask a question on you know that uh four lines of difference how is it without a

lines of difference how is it without a question i have no idea on that

question i have no idea on that it will be a straightforward thing that

it will be a straightforward thing that must be mentioned for line of defense

must be mentioned for line of defense somewhere in the requirement

i really don't expect that okay uh

okay uh ahmet

ahmet okay sir i i have googled

okay sir i i have googled latest uh technical articles acca

latest uh technical articles acca and there is some articles has come up

and there is some articles has come up for uh

for uh didn't know this altar

didn't know this altar i will show you the the number

i will show you the the number i've gone through it these are all

i've gone through it these are all old articles

old articles do you see any dates

do you see any dates no no

no no i've checked i've checked the entire

i've checked i've checked the entire list

i also did the same thing nothing new

okay just lower your hand all right so we are done with four lines of defense

we are done with four lines of defense just go through it

just go through it exam techniques um

exam techniques um i don't want to talk about exam

i don't want to talk about exam techniques because all my regular

techniques because all my regular batches we did extensive practice with

batches we did extensive practice with these right during our four mocks and

these right during our four mocks and three case studies we applied that

three case studies we applied that professional skills uh we all know what

professional skills uh we all know what to do now

these are the various formats reports section of a report briefing paper email

section of a report briefing paper email slides letter

slides letter press release business case pid weakness

press release business case pid weakness risk we've all done this except for

risk we've all done this except for business case which has not yet been

business case which has not yet been properly tested so i hope that you are

properly tested so i hope that you are familiar all the formats are also

familiar all the formats are also mentioned here

mentioned here but i know that you are very very

but i know that you are very very hands-on with the formats now

okay right so here we end the top 25 it's a

right so here we end the top 25 it's a very important document all of you must

very important document all of you must be hands-on on this document top 25

be hands-on on this document top 25 topics exam techniques format

topics exam techniques format professional skills all there in very

professional skills all there in very short summarized manner tomorrow

short summarized manner tomorrow on sunday tomorrow is sunday

on sunday tomorrow is sunday at least spend three hours

at least spend three hours eating

eating and sucking this document

and sucking this document it should be inside you

it should be inside you okay without this you will be

okay without this you will be handicapped

no ursula no i already answered that

business case format is given in that all right so now let's take a small

all right so now let's take a small break

break and then i want to recap all the case

and then i want to recap all the case studies we did

studies we did okay

okay so we will go one by one we will open

so we will go one by one we will open each case study we will go through the

each case study we will go through the list of requirements

list of requirements and we will try to recall

and we will try to recall retain

retain memorize suck it in

memorize suck it in whatever words you like to try to

whatever words you like to try to memorize those answers so that if

memorize those answers so that if something is repeated

something is repeated we are able to handle

we are able to handle it is

let me give uh i need to say my prayers for 15 minutes

i need to say my prayers for 15 minutes break

break it is

9 41 so let's say it's pakistan it will be 10 40.

be 10 40. so

so 10

10 55 okay let's say 11 pm

55 okay let's say 11 pm shop i will start

shop i will start 11 pm shop means 11 p.m shop

11 pm shop means 11 p.m shop see you after 20 minutes

hi guys uh are you back

are you back [Music]

[Music] ready

okay now so the now our plan is to just quickly

now our plan is to just quickly go through all the past papers we have

go through all the past papers we have attempted

attempted okay

okay uh so that we can consolidate our

uh so that we can consolidate our knowledge

knowledge in one sitting

in one sitting you can see a pattern you can see some

you can see a pattern you can see some repetition

repetition right and we can memorize we can digest

right and we can memorize we can digest the things in and you know in one go

the things in and you know in one go um

um those of you

those of you who have not attended this session or

who have not attended this session or this paper with me you might struggle a

this paper with me you might struggle a bit

bit so please just observe okay

so please just observe okay i will not go into details explanations

i will not go into details explanations but those of you who have attended these

but those of you who have attended these papers with me

papers with me they will know understand what i'm

they will know understand what i'm saying all right so just

saying all right so just others they just observe uh i would

others they just observe uh i would appreciate if you don't ask questions

appreciate if you don't ask questions which are like very basic

which are like very basic very elementary which shows that you

very elementary which shows that you have no grip over the scenario i

have no grip over the scenario i wouldn't be able to respond to that

wouldn't be able to respond to that because of the time constraints i hope

because of the time constraints i hope you understand but definitely you will

you understand but definitely you will benefit from the

benefit from the discussion

discussion right guys i want your word documents to

right guys i want your word documents to be ready

be ready so the first question we was september

so the first question we was september 2018 this is the first ever

2018 this is the first ever sbl question it was called cofoul

sbl question it was called cofoul construction a listed company okay

construction a listed company okay let's look at the requirements

let's look at the requirements it says

it says prepare a briefing paper for the board

prepare a briefing paper for the board meeting which analyzes the financial and

meeting which analyzes the financial and non-financial issues

non-financial issues which will affect the final decision

which will affect the final decision whether to accept the

whether to accept the contract to build the road in beetle

contract to build the road in beetle 18 plus 4 is 22 marks divided by 2

18 plus 4 is 22 marks divided by 2 is 11 points and if there's a financial

is 11 points and if there's a financial involved maybe 12 to 13

involved maybe 12 to 13 points correct

points correct now this question were required us to

now this question were required us to identify financial issues

identify financial issues as well as non-financial issues relating

as well as non-financial issues relating to the beetle contract so this was a

to the beetle contract so this was a very specific question relating to very

very specific question relating to very specific exhibits

specific exhibits all right nothing to do with syllabus so

all right nothing to do with syllabus so we can skip that

we can skip that you can see question number one a was

you can see question number one a was not general but common sense right

not general but common sense right 1b

1b discuss the difficulty cc may face in

discuss the difficulty cc may face in fulfilling the criteria

fulfilling the criteria stated by desmond the transport minister

stated by desmond the transport minister again a very specific question

again a very specific question no syllabus knowledge required you just

no syllabus knowledge required you just need to read

need to read the

the criteria

criteria stated by the destined

stated by the destined the transport minister and identify or

the transport minister and identify or discuss the challenges which you can

discuss the challenges which you can pick up again a common sense question

pick up again a common sense question okay

okay so nothing

so nothing to be done in these one

to be done in these one question number two prepare a memo

question number two prepare a memo address to oliver which critically

address to oliver which critically evaluates the outline contents

and the summary of operational issues in the project initiation document

the project initiation document which he has prepared and recommend

which he has prepared and recommend improvements

improvements so 14 how many points 14 plus 4

so 14 how many points 14 plus 4 is 18

is 18 divided by 4 marks because there's a

divided by 4 marks because there's a recommendation required

recommendation required four to

four to five points okay

five points okay you can use a tabular format if you want

you can use a tabular format if you want so the topic is project initiation

so the topic is project initiation document

and uh all up already

already a pid has been given to you in one of

a pid has been given to you in one of the exhibits

the exhibits and you are supposed to critically

and you are supposed to critically evaluate the shortcomings

evaluate the shortcomings right

right so do you remember the contents of a pid

do you guys remember the contents of a pid if you don't know the contents this

pid if you don't know the contents this question is gone

question is gone the contents of a pid are very

the contents of a pid are very straightforward

straightforward uh

uh scope and objective should be there cost

scope and objective should be there cost benefit analysis should be there

benefit analysis should be there [Music]

[Music] uh key stakeholders should be there like

uh key stakeholders should be there like project sponsor project manager project

project sponsor project manager project team

the concerned departments external way customers suppliers government society

customers suppliers government society other than that project duration on

other than that project duration on timeline should be there major risk

timeline should be there major risk should be there major constraint should

should be there major constraint should be there

be there major assumption should be there project

major assumption should be there project monitoring and governance procedure

monitoring and governance procedure should be there

should be there so if you know the list

so if you know the list this question is very easy

question number three is prepare a confidential memo

is prepare a confidential memo which discusses the ethical and

which discusses the ethical and reputational concerns raised at the

reputational concerns raised at the meeting

ethical and reputational concerns raised at the meeting

at the meeting so there is a meeting there is an

so there is a meeting there is an exhibit which was provided about some

exhibit which was provided about some emergency meeting

emergency meeting so all you need to do is read that

so all you need to do is read that exhibit and identify ethical

exhibit and identify ethical and reputational concerns

and reputational concerns when we say ethical concerns ethical

when we say ethical concerns ethical talks about you know

talks about you know employees

professional code of ethics uh

uh social footprints commercial ethical is

social footprints commercial ethical is wide topic you can talk about employees

wide topic you can talk about employees customers suppliers society even you can

customers suppliers society even you can talk about uh bribery honesty you know

talk about uh bribery honesty you know frauds all those things but a lot of

frauds all those things but a lot of information was available in the exhibit

information was available in the exhibit again a common sense question

again a common sense question nothing no directly linked with your

nothing no directly linked with your syllabus or technical knowledge

syllabus or technical knowledge prepare a summary to review assess the

prepare a summary to review assess the control weaknesses discussed at the

control weaknesses discussed at the emergency meeting

emergency meeting and recommend so again at the in the

and recommend so again at the in the same exhibit some control weaknesses

same exhibit some control weaknesses uh you need to read

uh you need to read if you remember there were control

if you remember there were control weaknesses like lack of lighting oil

weaknesses like lack of lighting oil spillage

spillage uh the health and safety manager was

uh the health and safety manager was sick for last six weeks

sick for last six weeks very common sense weakness again nothing

very common sense weakness again nothing to do with syllabus

to do with syllabus how many points here

how many points here 14 plus 4 is 18 divided by 4 4 to 5

14 plus 4 is 18 divided by 4 4 to 5 weaknesses when we will explain the

weaknesses when we will explain the weaknesses

weaknesses you will also need to explain the impact

you will also need to explain the impact right

right nothing goes without impact so weakness

nothing goes without impact so weakness when you say it's a weakness

when you say it's a weakness what's the impact what's the

what's the impact what's the you know

you know disadvantage to the organization of

disadvantage to the organization of because of that

because of that and then the recommendation again a

and then the recommendation again a straightforward thing

straightforward thing now

now 1 3 c

1 3 c [Music]

[Music] a briefing paper for advising the board

a briefing paper for advising the board of the

of the advantages of establishing a separate

advantages of establishing a separate risk committee

risk committee [Music]

[Music] what can be the advantages of

what can be the advantages of establishing a separate risk committee

establishing a separate risk committee please type in the chat box

please type in the chat box [Music]

[Music] yes

yes more focused

more focused more specialized more time

more specialized more time both can give more time to other matters

both can give more time to other matters higher involvement of leds higher

higher involvement of leds higher shareholders confidence you see

shareholders confidence you see suddenly it is cracking up it's becoming

suddenly it is cracking up it's becoming easier all you if you know these

easier all you if you know these headings give these settings and then

headings give these settings and then link with the scenario

you see very nice

now question number four discuss the benefits and cost of investing in big

benefits and cost of investing in big data please type on your word document

data please type on your word document benefits and cost give me

benefits and cost give me um

um two or three benefits and one two two

two or three benefits and one two two cost of cost means the disadvantage of

cost of cost means the disadvantage of big data analytics type on your word

big data analytics type on your word document

document [Music]

[Music] what are the advantages

what are the advantages of big data analytics type on the word

of big data analytics type on the word document

don't you understand i'm saying type on the word document

marvish can you please stop writing here or shall i push you out of the class

i'm not writing anything you are not the only

you are not the only other

i don't know someone is writing from my name

yes sir i don't know why

sir i don't know why it's okay

it's okay you are being hacked

[Music] okay what are the advantages of big data

okay what are the advantages of big data here

here deeper insight into the data

deeper insight into the data which will of course help us in better

which will of course help us in better marketing strategies better pricing

marketing strategies better pricing strategies it can include improve

strategies it can include improve customer service it will increase our

customer service it will increase our comp edge we can develop you know new

comp edge we can develop you know new products

products additional new sources of revenue just

additional new sources of revenue just you need to remember this and then you

you need to remember this and then you can pick two or three

can pick two or three which relates to the exhibit or which

which relates to the exhibit or which relates to this scenario because you

relates to this scenario because you can't go general right but the first

can't go general right but the first thing is you must remember this what are

thing is you must remember this what are the cost of big data data storage that's

the cost of big data data storage that's the big cost data storage is a big cost

the big cost data storage is a big cost another cost is making the data security

another cost is making the data security the i.t infrastructure you need large

the i.t infrastructure you need large servers so data storage data security

servers so data storage data security are huge costs which are involved

this short simple thing was tested but of course

of course in context of the scenario

[Music] done this paper is over

done this paper is over how much was common sense i think more

how much was common sense i think more than 50 was common sense

than 50 was common sense only big data was theoretical in the

only big data was theoretical in the sense that you need certain knowledge or

sense that you need certain knowledge or technical knowledge

technical knowledge uh advantages of risk committee was

uh advantages of risk committee was uh technical knowledge was required but

uh technical knowledge was required but other than that most of them were

other than that most of them were identified the weakness identify the

identified the weakness identify the ethical concerns

pid was also yeah pid you needed technical knowledge

yeah pid you needed technical knowledge yes correct

now let me close this paper

the next question we did was highlight this one

this one [Music]

[Music] highlight question

highlight question was basically let's look at the

was basically let's look at the requirement

requirement [Music]

[Music] the chief business analyst blah blah

the chief business analyst blah blah prepare briefing notes consider

prepare briefing notes consider discuss the key factors which have

discuss the key factors which have enabled highlight to be successful in

enabled highlight to be successful in its home country

its home country interesting question

interesting question they want us to discuss the key factors

they want us to discuss the key factors which have enabled highlight to be

which have enabled highlight to be successful so highlight was very

successful so highlight was very successful in its home country

successful in its home country so they want to understand what are the

so they want to understand what are the reasons

reasons behind their success

now you can simplify this question success factors

simplify this question success factors key success factors key factors of

key success factors key factors of success

success can we break the success factors into

can we break the success factors into two

two broad headings external factors

broad headings external factors internal factors

for example um if the economy is doing good

um if the economy is doing good obviously all company will perform

obviously all company will perform if the political environment is good

if the political environment is good obviously all company will perform you

obviously all company will perform you see the external factors and then there

see the external factors and then there are internal factors like human resource

are internal factors like human resource financial resource i.t brand

financial resource i.t brand so please

ah no porter diamonds you the moment you get stuck in a model you are screwed and

get stuck in a model you are screwed and i'm so happy

crazy man crazy pilal i think you are a new student

all right so um

so um external factors success factors can be

external factors success factors can be external factors like political economy

external factors like political economy social technological

social technological ecological legal what else can come

ecological legal what else can come under external factors

under external factors [Music]

[Music] both can come right political economy

both can come right political economy social technological legal and then

social technological legal and then customers the industry as well the

customers the industry as well the industry if the industry is growing

industry if the industry is growing demand customer suppliers competitors

demand customer suppliers competitors yes

yes so depending on the availability of the

so depending on the availability of the information

information external factors you can have five four

external factors you can have five four five headings

five headings what about internal factors

what is this happening who's this guy

i thought so because that was a very strange comment uh from your verda

strange comment uh from your verda who's this guy

who's this guy thank god

yes he's gone now yes sir he's doing good

yes sir he's doing good bastard

i have zero tolerance for these kind of things guys

[Music] yeah i think imari is gone now

yeah i think imari is gone now he's vanished

who was this guy mar can you

can you let me know his name he's no more there

let me know his name he's no more there i think but do you remember his full

i think but do you remember his full name

name i would have checked out

banu he messaged you as well on whatsapp or what

i will have a marquette okay after the class

class okay after the class i will check

okay after the class i will check he was me messaged yesterday that means

he was me messaged yesterday that means he's from a newer batch

i'll take some actions guys sorry for that all right guys

that all right guys hit this

hit this [Music]

discuss the key factor so internal factors what can be that what can be

factors what can be that what can be internal factors examples of internal

internal factors examples of internal factors give me four

factors give me four very good farazana human resource

very good farazana human resource financial resources

financial resources i.t

i.t brand brand means marketing okay

brand brand means marketing okay remember all this huh external factors

remember all this huh external factors is political and economic social techno

is political and economic social techno ecolegal customer suppliers competition

ecolegal customer suppliers competition internal is human resource financial

internal is human resource financial resource i.t brand

resource i.t brand just memorize it

just memorize it no need for porter diamond okay

no need for porter diamond okay now using the fact sheet referred to

now using the fact sheet referred to above or any other relevant information

above or any other relevant information prepare a report for the finance

prepare a report for the finance director which evaluates the proposal to

director which evaluates the proposal to acquire comfy stay hotel

acquire comfy stay hotel proposal to acquire comfy stay hotel

proposal to acquire comfy stay hotel what do you think

what do you think sfa

how many things under suitability how many paragraph for

under suitability how many paragraph for suitability which one under suitability

suitability which one under suitability which one

home country yeah

target country target company very good

target company very good what are the three paragraphs for

what are the three paragraphs for feasibility

human resource financial resource i.t brand

brand very good what are the three paragraphs

very good what are the three paragraphs for acceptability

shareholder acceptance cultural differences financial projections

very nice i'm very glad you guys are now into the speed

into the speed right so is there a financial projection

right so is there a financial projection is given

is given um

[Music] ah here is the financial projections

here is the financial projection so what how do you check financial projections

how do you check financial projections let me know the five point checklist

starting from the top yeah dcf payback

payback major assumptions

major assumptions tax

tax sensitivity very good

sensitivity very good [Music]

[Music] is this based on dcf please check

is this based on dcf please check yeah i can see discount factor and npv

yeah i can see discount factor and npv and year 0 to 6 is it based on dcf yes

and year 0 to 6 is it based on dcf yes ignore

ignore payback

payback can we calculate payback yeah based on

can we calculate payback yeah based on this cash flow

this cash flow you can calculate payback

you can calculate payback 90 million is the outflow 18 plus 24 34

90 million is the outflow 18 plus 24 34 44 42 52 62 72 69

44 42 52 62 72 69 69 79 88 89 99

69 79 88 89 99 96 so it's 96 so it's between year three

96 so it's 96 so it's between year three and four let's say 3.5 years is the

and four let's say 3.5 years is the payback very good

look at revenues does it make sense constant constant increase constant

constant constant increase constant constant constant

constant constant initial investments big amount 80

initial investments big amount 80 million very material

million very material operating cost constant constant so big

operating cost constant constant so big big amounts are

big amounts are so you challenge these points challenge

so you challenge these points challenge these points what is this why is it

these points what is this why is it constant what is the basis

constant what is the basis okay

okay tax do you see tax

tax do you see tax have they considered tax

[Music] no tax so you will ask why no tax has

no tax so you will ask why no tax has been considered

been considered and then one paragraph or one two lines

and then one paragraph or one two lines on sensitivity

on sensitivity five points checklist

all right move on [Music]

[Music] you see now it's easier faster

you see now it's easier faster question number two

question number two a

prepare a draft press release responding to the

draft press release responding to the criticism

criticism [Music]

[Music] responding to the criticisms

responding to the criticisms assessing the social and environmental

assessing the social and environmental impact

impact so there was some criticism in an

so there was some criticism in an exhibit so it's a very specific question

exhibit so it's a very specific question that you need to respond to the

that you need to respond to the criticisms relating to social and

criticisms relating to social and environmental what does social include

environmental what does social include give me a list of social four things inc

give me a list of social four things inc are included in social

what are the things included in social employees customers

employees customers suppliers society

suppliers society very

very good

good and what are the things included in

and what are the things included in environmental

environmental pollution

pollution recycling carbon scarcity sources right

recycling carbon scarcity sources right the standard

the standard word sexy buzzwords

very good so you will see you will find information about this in the exhibits

information about this in the exhibits just put it together

just put it together okay

assess the role and benefits of integrated reporting

and benefits of integrated reporting okay

okay assess the role and benefit of

assess the role and benefit of integrated reporting

what is the role of integrated reporting i think there was a definition

i think there was a definition uh

uh [Music]

[Music] what is the

there's some definition about integrated role here

role here so you might need to

so you might need to um

um kind of memorize

kind of memorize this definition what is a integrated

this definition what is a integrated reporting an integrated reporting is a

reporting an integrated reporting is a concise document

concise document demonstrating the link between blah blah

demonstrating the link between blah blah blah blah blah and showing that you

blah blah blah and showing that you might need to memorize this okay what is

might need to memorize this okay what is the role or definition

the role or definition and what is the other question on this

what are the benefits of integrated reporting

reporting tell me tell me what are the benefits

more future remember the differences finances more it is voluntary

finances more it is voluntary there's a voluntary disclosure so it

there's a voluntary disclosure so it enhances the reputation

enhances the reputation it covers it focuses on wider

it covers it focuses on wider stakeholders

stakeholders it focuses on social and environmental

it focuses on social and environmental initiatives it is more futuristic

initiatives it is more futuristic it covers six capitals rather than one

it covers six capitals rather than one capital

capital it may we may attract capital at a

it may we may attract capital at a lower cost

lower cost more effective communication with the

more effective communication with the stakeholders

very good comp edge yes

very nice but of course these can be your headings like the

these can be your headings like the advantages but then

advantages but then the advantages needs to be drafted in

the advantages needs to be drafted in context with the exhibit or the scenario

context with the exhibit or the scenario but at least you must know the headings

but at least you must know the headings headings don't change the

headings don't change the wordings change

wordings change easy

easy question number three

of the disruptive technologies which are emerging in the hotel industry

which are emerging in the hotel industry and highlight potential application or

and highlight potential application or recommendation

recommendation what is a disruptive technology it was

what is a disruptive technology it was not it is not in my top 25 it was a

not it is not in my top 25 it was a surprise topic

deceptive technology [Music]

[Music] is basically

just this guy is a technology which is changing the

is a technology which is changing the conventional way of business right

conventional way of business right like uber

like uber like netflix

like netflix like crypto they are challenging or

like crypto they are challenging or disturbing the traditional or the

disturbing the traditional or the conventional thing

conventional thing so every industry have their own

so every industry have their own disruptive technologies

disruptive technologies medicine has their own financial markets

medicine has their own financial markets as their own disruptive technology

as their own disruptive technology bottling industry has their own

bottling industry has their own disruptive technologies so you read the

disruptive technologies so you read the exhibit here

exhibit here this there's one specific exhibit given

this there's one specific exhibit given in the scenario

in the scenario where they have discussed what are the

where they have discussed what are the disruptive technologies affecting hotel

disruptive technologies affecting hotel industry and from there you start

industry and from there you start picking up start discussing the impact

picking up start discussing the impact and then suggest them some solutions

and then suggest them some solutions okay

okay so all you need to know is just know the

so all you need to know is just know the word know the meaning of the word

word know the meaning of the word disruptive technology rest everything is

disruptive technology rest everything is case driven

case driven what about this one

assessing the potential outcome of each of the

outcome of each of the each of the

each of the cis i.t system risks and give

cis i.t system risks and give recommendations so it is something to do

recommendations so it is something to do with i.t

with i.t risk question

risk question again it was mentioned in an exhibit

again it was mentioned in an exhibit three risks were mentioned in the

three risks were mentioned in the exhibit

exhibit three i t related risks were mentioned

three i t related risks were mentioned you are supposed to talk about it

you are supposed to talk about it um

um and give recommendations very specific

and give recommendations very specific exhibit related question

exhibit related question okay

the third paper was smartwear you remember smartware

smartware question number one analyze the environment in which smartware

the environment in which smartware operates

which environment it is silent is it

industry or country or industry i don't know

or country or industry i don't know environment is a very open world

environment is a very open world but if you read here then the preamble

but if you read here then the preamble now tell me

now tell me which in model which environment you

which in model which environment you need to speak about

colossal very good very good you will talk about political economy

you will talk about political economy social technology

social technology whatever is available

whatever is available there were certain statistics given like

there were certain statistics given like inflation like growth like unemployment

inflation like growth like unemployment whenever any statistics is given please

whenever any statistics is given please refer to mention those stats in your

refer to mention those stats in your answer

answer okay

okay second one assess the major risk

second one assess the major risk presented by the smartwear model and

presented by the smartwear model and suggest actions

suggest actions major risks

major risks from where you will get

from where you will get identify the major risks

yes you remember that the list of major risks

the list of major risks okay mention all the risks

can you also guys talk about non-financial risk everybody's talking

non-financial risk everybody's talking about credit risk financial risk

very good political risk reputational risk health and safety risk

reputational risk health and safety risk operational risk

operational risk competition risk technology risks

competition risk technology risks business risk strategic risk financial

business risk strategic risk financial risk currency risks

risk currency risks reputational risk intellectual risk

reputational risk intellectual risk legal risks very good so from this

legal risks very good so from this list you can if you know these lists you

list you can if you know these lists you can when you are reading the exhibit you

can when you are reading the exhibit you can identify

can identify which one to pick

which one to pick yes

someone who is muted or unmuted who's that

that what what's happening ananya why are you

what what's happening ananya why are you unmuted sir i have a question sir uh

unmuted sir i have a question sir uh what is poverty history

what is poverty history probabilities i honestly don't know

probabilities i honestly don't know can you google peace on you and let us

can you google peace on you and let us know

know okay i'm waiting

so like fraud bribery analytical

analytical activities got it

activities got it yeah the risk property risk is the risk

yeah the risk property risk is the risk of fraud

of fraud or bribery or unethical activity

or bribery or unethical activity conducted by any of my employees

conducted by any of my employees yes

yes okay yeah

okay yeah [Music]

[Music] okay guys so this was an easy question

okay guys so this was an easy question provided that you are able to

provided that you are able to identify from the scenario and you have

identify from the scenario and you have to give a name a heading like

to give a name a heading like is it a business risk is this a

is it a business risk is this a technology risk reputational risk

technology risk reputational risk financial risk strategic risk

financial risk strategic risk heading would be like that

question number two a analyze the company's strategic position

company's strategic position why smartware appears to be

why smartware appears to be so this word is very confusing you

so this word is very confusing you remember the

remember the in the top 25 the topic called analyze

in the top 25 the topic called analyze the strategic position

the strategic position in which we are to cover pastel porter

in which we are to cover pastel porter internal factors

internal factors but i told you that's a lengthy one and

but i told you that's a lengthy one and at least 15 18 marks otherwise it's

at least 15 18 marks otherwise it's something else look at the marks here

something else look at the marks here so that means this is not that strategic

so that means this is not that strategic position so here we just need to compare

position so here we just need to compare uh

uh i think southland

i think southland with noria there's an exhibit which

with noria there's an exhibit which gives information about both countries

gives information about both countries we just need to compare and comment

we just need to compare and comment okay again a relatively exhibit based

okay again a relatively exhibit based question

question not a lot of technical requirement

not a lot of technical requirement knowledge is required evaluate the

knowledge is required evaluate the strategic and ethical implications of

strategic and ethical implications of the planned shop closures very

the planned shop closures very interesting question

these guys are planning to close their

their some of their outlets

some of their outlets like

like turn 20 30 of their outlets

what can be ethical implications ethical talks about

staffing employees

employees customers suppliers society so if we

customers suppliers society so if we close down one third of our shops what

close down one third of our shops what will happen to the employees

the redundancy right we will have to let them go that's an ethical thing we are

them go that's an ethical thing we are making them jobless

making them jobless what happens to the customers in those

what happens to the customers in those cities or areas where we are closing the

cities or areas where we are closing the shops

shops they will not be able to access our

they will not be able to access our products loss of customer yeah

products loss of customer yeah what happens to our suppliers

what happens to our suppliers if we close 30 of our shops

who will go out of business are you crazy

crazy no they will not go out of business

no they will not go out of business they're just

they're just but you know of course if our 30 shops

but you know of course if our 30 shops are closed our number of orders will

are closed our number of orders will reduce and suppliers

reduce and suppliers orders size will reduce which is loss of

orders size will reduce which is loss of revenue for them as well

okay ethical and strategic matters will look

ethical and strategic matters will look about you know legal complications uh

about you know legal complications uh exit barriers

exit barriers uh

uh legal commitments

legal commitments uh

uh you know all those

you know all those logical things

logical things reputational risk yeah

reputational risk yeah maybe the the competitors might spread

maybe the the competitors might spread it in a next wrong signal can be you

it in a next wrong signal can be you know

know cause heavy redundancy cost cash flow

cause heavy redundancy cost cash flow requirements

requirements yeah

yeah so remember this this was a tricky topic

so remember this this was a tricky topic now if you get a question on

now if you get a question on ethical and

ethical and strategic implications of shop closure

strategic implications of shop closure or partial shutdown or divestment it's

or partial shutdown or divestment it's called divestment partial divestment

called divestment partial divestment ethical will be employees customer

ethical will be employees customer suppliers and so and strategic would be

suppliers and so and strategic would be logical things like reputational legal

logical things like reputational legal exit barriers all those things

exit barriers all those things okay you will remember that

you will remember now yes libra

yes libra i said if it comes about the partial

i said if it comes about the partial divestment then same will apply

divestment then same will apply this partially yeah

this partially yeah so this they are closing 30

so this they are closing 30 of their shop it is partial divestment

of their shop it is partial divestment right

right okay

okay okay

okay three

three [Music]

[Music] evaluate the effectiveness of internal

evaluate the effectiveness of internal control system at the company

control system at the company particularly on the procurement side and

particularly on the procurement side and recommend very specific exhibit driven

recommend very specific exhibit driven question

question um

um there's an exhibit in which all the

there's an exhibit in which all the weaknesses are there you identify them

weaknesses are there you identify them you talk about their impact and then you

you talk about their impact and then you give recommendation how it can be

give recommendation how it can be improved

describe the benefit of introducing a customer database management system

customer database management system including a loyalty scheme

including a loyalty scheme i have no idea customer database

i have no idea customer database management system maybe something

management system maybe something similar to crm

similar to crm i don't know but if we have proper

i don't know but if we have proper customer database management system

customer database management system we'll be able to

we'll be able to organize our customers i analyze our

organize our customers i analyze our customers we can

customers we can do better marketing we can communicate

do better marketing we can communicate i'm just thinking very general things

i'm just thinking very general things better communication

better communication we can manage them better

we can manage them better we understand their need feedbacks

we understand their need feedbacks complaints loyalty scheme

complaints loyalty scheme you know we can

you know we can engage more with our customers if we

engage more with our customers if we have a whatever customer database

okay this was out of the blue evaluate the npv analysis

the npv analysis again it is a projection cash flow

again it is a projection cash flow projection question

projection question five point checklist will come here

same thing right last question

discuss the benefits of integrated thinking

thinking what the hell is integrated thinking

what the hell is integrated thinking i forgot

i forgot integrated thinking

integrated thinking same way as i are yeah what are the

same way as i are yeah what are the benefits

benefits [Music]

[Music] more reputation because it's voluntary

more reputation because it's voluntary more transparency more focused on

more transparency more focused on stakeholders effective communication

stakeholders effective communication more futuristic more focus on social and

more futuristic more focus on social and can attract capital at lower cost

preparer allow him to address the wider finance how corporate reporting using

finance how corporate reporting using more relevant information i don't know

more relevant information i don't know what

what but what is left

but what is left i told you there are three things in ir

i told you there are three things in ir remember what are the three things in ir

remember what are the three things in ir the differences between five

the differences between five conventional statements and ir

conventional statements and ir the

the six capitals and the advantages

six capitals and the advantages the advantages we already talked in part

the advantages we already talked in part a so what's left

a so what's left the differences between conventional

the differences between conventional and ir and a little bit of six capital

and ir and a little bit of six capital so you can talk about

so you can talk about those two under part

those two under part b

b okay

okay the

the differences

differences and the capital because always ir has

and the capital because always ir has three things

three things differences

differences six capital and advantages

six capital and advantages it's a 16 mark question on ir so all

it's a 16 mark question on ir so all three will be tested right

three will be tested right so one component was tested in part a so

so one component was tested in part a so the remaining two put it in part b

the remaining two put it in part b and then leave it

and then leave it for the rest like hope for the rest

akshay that's what i'm saying there is no key to understand just talk about six

no key to understand just talk about six capital talk about the differences

capital talk about the differences move on

something might click okay

[Music] eight points yeah in total

eight points yeah in total all right guys so done with this pick

all right guys so done with this pick [Music]

so this was a interesting question the sales director asks you to

question the sales director asks you to provide a set of notes

provide a set of notes provide you provide a set of notes to

provide you provide a set of notes to accompany the presentation he has

accompany the presentation he has prepared

prepared which discusses how the sales

which discusses how the sales development strategies

development strategies he has proposed will assist those in

he has proposed will assist those in achieving the strategy

achieving the strategy so the sales director has made a

so the sales director has made a presentation

presentation in in which he has mentioned some

in in which he has mentioned some bullets about sales

bullets about sales development strategies

development strategies all you need to do is make the

all you need to do is make the accompanying notes which simply means

accompanying notes which simply means that you explain those bullets in a

that you explain those bullets in a little bit more

little bit more detail

okay very specific exhibit driven question

[Music] analyze the financial and non-financial

analyze the financial and non-financial implication of those prioritizing one

implication of those prioritizing one order over other and recommend which one

order over other and recommend which one is better so again it was a very

is better so again it was a very surprised question

surprised question it involved

it involved um you know

some financial calculations uh there was some um

uh there was some um labor constraint

labor constraint okay there was they had some less number

okay there was they had some less number of hours

of hours there were more orders between so they

there were more orders between so they had to decide what to do

had to decide what to do so this is a calculation based question

so this is a calculation based question uh you should be familiar limiting

uh you should be familiar limiting factor yeah the topic is

factor yeah the topic is limiting factor

limiting factor okay

okay so i suggest that you watch the v if you

so i suggest that you watch the v if you are not clear then you watch the

are not clear then you watch the video on duals okay in which i was i did

video on duals okay in which i was i did this question so you can understand that

this question so you can understand that better

analyze how risks identified in the register could have an impact

and recommend mitigation very straightforward some risks have

very straightforward some risks have been identified

been identified a risk register has been provided some

a risk register has been provided some risks have been identified and you're

risks have been identified and you're supposed to talk about the impact of

supposed to talk about the impact of those risks

those risks and then recommend solutions pretty

and then recommend solutions pretty straightforward

straightforward [Music]

three presentation slides again a very strange question identify

again a very strange question identify how each risk response suggested by the

how each risk response suggested by the three directors would be categorized

three directors would be categorized using an appropriate risk management

using an appropriate risk management framework

framework this is tara model huh

this is you know

you know this one is general like

this one is general like this one is okay but this one is

this one is okay but this one is four marks it's tara mode

four marks it's tara mode weird question

question number three evaluate the extent to which the

evaluate the extent to which the criteria for achieving performance

criteria for achieving performance accidents are met by those

accidents are met by those using the brainstorming meeting so again

using the brainstorming meeting so again some criteria have been given to you for

some criteria have been given to you for performance excellence

performance excellence it it looked like a scary exhibit so

it it looked like a scary exhibit so this is the criteria which was given to

this is the criteria which was given to you performance excellence criteria

you performance excellence criteria five criterias were mentioned this one

five criterias were mentioned this one one two

one two three

three four and five so you need to talk about

four and five so you need to talk about these five criteria in the context of

these five criteria in the context of the scenario

the scenario okay no model no nothing these are the

okay no model no nothing these are the five performance criteria you need to

five performance criteria you need to talk about it whether we are achieving

talk about it whether we are achieving it or we are not achieving it

it or we are not achieving it yeah based on actual performance correct

i'm sure what is the professional skills i think it must be evaluation skills

i think it must be evaluation skills both pros and cons

both pros and cons but i'm not sure

but i'm not sure yeah evaluation skills so whatever we

yeah evaluation skills so whatever we are achieving is good whatever we are

are achieving is good whatever we are not achieving is bad so automatically

not achieving is bad so automatically pros and cons

16 plus 420 10 points yeah [Music]

[Music] okay done with those

okay done with those [Music]

for you i don't want to talk about it it's a very complicated question

it's a very complicated question [Music]

[Music] bco

bco very nice question

very nice question this was the first question which was

this was the first question which was based on a charitable organization

based on a charitable organization yeah dools was risk focused

[Music] explain the specific nature of principle

explain the specific nature of principle agent relationship in a charitable

agent relationship in a charitable organization

organization principal asian relations who is a

principal asian relations who is a principal in the charitable organization

principal in the charitable organization do you remember yesterday's lecture

do you remember yesterday's lecture no who's saying beauty

no who's saying beauty what man

principle in a charitable organization

founding member idiots founding members and sponsors

and sponsors who's saying shareholder

who's saying shareholder shipment

shipment god help you

god help you in a charitable organization the

in a charitable organization the principle is founding family or founding

principle is founding family or founding members

members of sponsors or

of sponsors or major donors

no ashanti why you say only

why you say only founding member

founding member is the first one

advantages of having a two-tier board what are the advantage of two-tier board

what are the advantage of two-tier board oh okay shanti got it

segregation of duty uh

uh monitoring like

monitoring like the

higher dependence on nad increased shareholders confidence

independence right assess the financial and non financial

assess the financial and non financial performance in the latest financial year

performance in the latest financial year you have been given a financial exhibit

you have been given a financial exhibit there's a p l provided to you you just

there's a p l provided to you you just need to identify the major variances

need to identify the major variances material variances identify investigate

material variances identify investigate the reasons you see the professional

the reasons you see the professional skills is analysis analysis means

skills is analysis analysis means investigate

investigate the reasons of variances the reasons or

the reasons of variances the reasons or the root causes

the root causes it was a good question

it was a good question uh

uh top five yeah it all depends on the

top five yeah it all depends on the marks

marks but top five material amounts in terms

but top five material amounts in terms of amounts not in terms of percentage

of amounts not in terms of percentage okay

evaluate the extent to which the external environment could impact vco's

external environment could impact vco's objective external environment it

objective external environment it doesn't say general or whatever so

doesn't say general or whatever so external environment means

external environment means which models

which models both

both yes

yes so is the marks heavy

so is the marks heavy how much is the question for marks

how much is the question for marks oh 19 marks yeah then it makes sense

oh 19 marks yeah then it makes sense it's both because pastel and porter

it's both because pastel and porter together put together is worth 18 19

together put together is worth 18 19 marks yeah 10 marks each or eight marks

marks yeah 10 marks each or eight marks each

each so both you need to cover here

so both you need to cover here again if any information for any factor

again if any information for any factor is missing then you just skip that

is missing then you just skip that whatever is available you talk about it

whatever is available you talk about it okay

okay three slides

three slides [Music]

[Music] about three applications of i t that

about three applications of i t that could enhance its e-business

could enhance its e-business so how these guys could improve their

so how these guys could improve their e-business what they can do they

e-business what they can do they they can improve their websites they can

they can improve their websites they can have mobile apps they can do social

have mobile apps they can do social presence in social marketing they can

presence in social marketing they can use the

use the online training softwares all those it's

online training softwares all those it's already given right social marketing

already given right social marketing websites emails

websites emails digital marketing

digital marketing apps apps is very important guys

apps apps is very important guys whenever any question says

whenever any question says how can we improve our e-business

how can we improve our e-business apps

apps very important if they have a website

very important if they have a website they should

they should have an app as well

have an app as well okay

okay because you remember the advantages of

because you remember the advantages of apps

apps yeah

yeah seo okay

all right

right the current risk register

the current risk register and the adequacy of each of the risk

and the adequacy of each of the risk mitigating again it's a very risk

mitigating again it's a very risk registered focus question a risk

registered focus question a risk register has been provided to you you

register has been provided to you you are supposed to talk about the adequacy

are supposed to talk about the adequacy of the risk register and

of the risk register and then the adequacy of the

then the adequacy of the recommendations

recommendations [Music]

[Music] exhibit based now it seems easy right

exhibit based now it seems easy right when we are revising all the questions

when we are revising all the questions in one go

in one go we can see a pattern that is not that

we can see a pattern that is not that difficult it's exhibit-based

difficult it's exhibit-based [Music]

[Music] okay is it important for vcos board of

okay is it important for vcos board of trustees to have sufficient mix of

trustees to have sufficient mix of skills and diversity

skills and diversity absolutely yes both should have a

absolutely yes both should have a variety of skills

variety of skills correct skills means

correct skills means marketing and i.t and finance and

marketing and i.t and finance and business and technical

business and technical diversity diversity is also important in

diversity diversity is also important in the board

the board gender diversity

gender diversity age diversity

age diversity ethnic diversity

ethnic diversity professional diversity

and what is the importance of continuous professional development of the board

professional development of the board of course continuous professional

of course continuous professional development or training is very

development or training is very important

important it will make sure that the directors are

it will make sure that the directors are up to date

up to date with the latest things

with the latest things um any change in legislation any change

um any change in legislation any change in this any new technology they're up to

in this any new technology they're up to date they'll be able to perform that

date they'll be able to perform that perform their

perform their duties better

duties better [Music]

[Music] they will come up with strategies which

they will come up with strategies which are latest so that the organization can

are latest so that the organization can benefit so obviously

benefit so obviously it's always important that the board is

it's always important that the board is up to date

up to date so in total like uh seven points between

so in total like uh seven points between one and two so you can talk more about

one and two so you can talk more about in more in one

in more in one and just give two points in part two

and just give two points in part two there's no split

there's no split [Music]

very nice very nice done

bcu is done nccp very dangerous question nccp

first question assess nccp's internal

internal and external stakeholders

and external stakeholders and recommend appropriate

and recommend appropriate so internal stakeholders please let me

so internal stakeholders please let me know

know who are the top two three internal

who are the top two three internal stakeholders examples

stakeholders examples employees

employees board of trustees board of directors

board of trustees board of directors employees yeah

volunteers who can be external stakeholders generally

stakeholders generally customers

customers suppliers

suppliers society

society government

government community

okay but of course when you are answering

but of course when you are answering this you have to

this you have to identify the stakeholders in light of

identify the stakeholders in light of this scenario or this case study weight

this scenario or this case study weight much

much and then stakeholder management is a

and then stakeholder management is a model it is mandalore stakeholder

model it is mandalore stakeholder model do you remember can you please

model do you remember can you please type the four things

type the four things what are the four categories through in

what are the four categories through in which we can handle our stakeholders

which we can handle our stakeholders please type

please type key players

key players keep informed

keep informed keep satisfied

keep satisfied minimal effort

minimal effort very good now can you give me examples

very good now can you give me examples key players who can fit into key players

key players can include board of trustees and major shareholders

trustees and major shareholders right

right not shareholders major shareholders

keep satisfied generally includes who keep satisfied government and major

keep satisfied government and major customers or major donors in this

customers or major donors in this scenario

scenario government

government major customers in general and in this

major customers in general and in this scenario because it's charitable we

scenario because it's charitable we don't have customers we will say major

don't have customers we will say major donors keep satisfied

donors keep satisfied keep informed

keep informed employees

employees volunteers

individual customers small investors media

media whatever yeah minimal effort

very small investors i don't know

i don't know okay

okay participants know men

participants know men participants are our customers right

participants are our customers right they pay us money

they pay us money how can did you do minimal effort on

how can did you do minimal effort on participants

participants that

that yes marvish dear

who's raising that okay yes all right

okay yes all right [Music]

total 10 points uh i don't know how many points are

i don't know how many points are required

required um 16 plus 4 is 20

um 16 plus 4 is 20 and we will divide by 3 probably or 3 or

and we will divide by 3 probably or 3 or 4.

4. why because there are two parts we have

why because there are two parts we have to assess

to assess and recommend so either divide by four

and recommend so either divide by four or divide by three depending how much

or divide by three depending how much you can write

if you divide by four then how much points

points five stakeholders if you divide by three

five stakeholders if you divide by three then sixth okay five to six stakeholders

then sixth okay five to six stakeholders [Music]

[Music] critically assess nccp's sources of

critically assess nccp's sources of competitive advantage what is the

competitive advantage what is the meaning of sources of competitive

meaning of sources of competitive advantage please type

advantage please type sources of comp advantage internal

sources of comp advantage internal factors

factors sources of pop advantage is another name

sources of pop advantage is another name of

of internal factors and what is included in

internal factors and what is included in internal factors

internal factors human resource financial resource i.t

human resource financial resource i.t and

and you see reputation

you see reputation now the word here is critically assessed

now the word here is critically assessed which means what

which means what critically assessed means you have to

critically assessed means you have to identify the negative points the cons

identify the negative points the cons however the professional skills is

however the professional skills is evaluation

evaluation so that means you have to also consider

so that means you have to also consider few not a lot few positive points so

few not a lot few positive points so majority will be negative points but you

majority will be negative points but you have to include one or two positive

have to include one or two positive points in order to score

points in order to score evaluation

evaluation [Music]

[Music] okay is this clear

okay uh

uh evaluate the board's

evaluate the board's approach to risk management

approach to risk management is this a risk registered question no

is this a risk registered question no it is now it's a wider question it says

it is now it's a wider question it says approach to

approach to the entire risk management process and

the entire risk management process and recommend

recommend so that when then the entire thing kicks

so that when then the entire thing kicks in

in commit friend from top management then

commit friend from top management then they should have risk committees they

they should have risk committees they should analyze their risk likelihood

should analyze their risk likelihood probability prioritize they should have

probability prioritize they should have risk register they should have staff

risk register they should have staff training they should have follow-ups all

training they should have follow-ups all those things

12 plus 3 15 marks divide by four four to five points

all right easy yes someone wants to ask something

easy yes someone wants to ask something anyone has a question

right so in risk management i had said there are three possible types of

there are three possible types of questions one can be identify the main

questions one can be identify the main risk

risk and solve one question on that one can

and solve one question on that one can be risk registered we saw two questions

be risk registered we saw two questions on risk register in your paper and one

on risk register in your paper and one could be evaluate the overall risk

could be evaluate the overall risk management process here is that question

management process here is that question yes ananya

yes ananya [Music]

[Music] so my question is like uh so far we have

so my question is like uh so far we have not got

not got an exact question with respect to order

an exact question with respect to order if they examined like how was the

if they examined like how was the examination they showed it

examination they showed it about you know uh

about you know uh the

the internal audit stuff

internal audit stuff which you mentioned today that it is

which you mentioned today that it is important internal audit there could be

important internal audit there could be two possible questions what are the

two possible questions what are the advantages or role or advantages of

advantages or role or advantages of internal audit

internal audit and the other one would be that maybe

and the other one would be that maybe the organization doesn't have internal

the organization doesn't have internal audit and they are thinking of

audit and they are thinking of whether we should you know create an

whether we should you know create an internal audit or not so they are asking

internal audit or not so they are asking you to

you to assess whether they need so that those

assess whether they need so that those factors

factors that's that

okay guys uh good one identify the external stakeholders

external stakeholders with an interest in the internal

with an interest in the internal controls

controls again a very

again a very exhibit driven question very case driven

exhibit driven question very case driven question the government will be

question the government will be interested in internal controls because

interested in internal controls because they are providing grants they want to

they are providing grants they want to make sure their conditions are being met

make sure their conditions are being met the donors will be interested in

the donors will be interested in internal controls because they are

internal controls because they are giving donations they want to make sure

giving donations they want to make sure that their donation is spent wisely

that their donation is spent wisely they want some assurance that the

they want some assurance that the donation is not misappropriated or

donation is not misappropriated or misused the participants who are paying

misused the participants who are paying fees they are interested in the internal

fees they are interested in the internal controls why because maybe their

controls why because maybe their personal data is credit card details all

personal data is credit card details all those things are stored in our systems

those things are stored in our systems so they want their data to be secure and

so they want their data to be secure and private

private you know the community might be

you know the community might be interested in internal control so that

interested in internal control so that they want that there's transparency the

they want that there's transparency the organization is working professionally

organization is working professionally very very you know uh exhibit driven

very very you know uh exhibit driven thing

thing yes deeper

deeper your answer yes i want to ask about this um i know a

yes i want to ask about this um i know a excellent um

excellent um stakeholder is our council about uh

stakeholder is our council about uh about that ncpez case-based link but

about that ncpez case-based link but apart from council i know it's a

apart from council i know it's a government but apart from council can

government but apart from council can governor government regulators like a

governor government regulators like a tax

tax regulators can be uh interested

regulators can be uh interested yes no no key player uh keep satisfied

yes no no key player uh keep satisfied not the uh like internal control would

not the uh like internal control would they be interested in internal control

they be interested in internal control oh okay

oh okay yeah why not of course like it takes

yeah why not of course like it takes because uh normally charities don't pay

because uh normally charities don't pay tax

tax does this no okay they might yeah but

does this no okay they might yeah but yeah they actually might be interested

yeah they actually might be interested why not

why not okay thank you sir

your account is hacked i don't know

your voice is very low [Music]

come okay

okay all right

all right yes just one

yes just one [Music]

sorry i i didn't raise my hand sorry what's happening seriously

what's happening seriously some ghost

some ghost is in the zoom law

no there is just one name with marvish not two names that's what i'm checking

not two names that's what i'm checking yeah i mean using the name regularly

yeah i mean using the name regularly he's just changing the name

i'll find out that we have audit trails right

that we have audit trails right i busted

i busted all right

question number three assess the viability of the current

assess the viability of the current range of courses very exhibit driven no

range of courses very exhibit driven no technical knowledge required evaluate

technical knowledge required evaluate the ceo's proposal

the ceo's proposal so again you know if you remember this

so again you know if you remember this question

question you just read the proposal and then you

you just read the proposal and then you identify the plus points the minus

identify the plus points the minus points it's skepticism so you will

points it's skepticism so you will disagree you will challenge you can ask

disagree you will challenge you can ask questions

questions exhibit related question

exhibit related question need first explain the need for cyber

need first explain the need for cyber security

security and recommend actions

and recommend actions for cyber security

for cyber security please guys i need you to type

please guys i need you to type explain the need for cyber security

explain the need for cyber security please type why cyber security is

please type why cyber security is important why is it needed

important why is it needed i need

i need four to five points

very good [Music]

[Music] operational disruptance reputational

operational disruptance reputational risk

risk loss of customers loss of revenue

loss of customers loss of revenue uh regulatory fines legal complications

uh regulatory fines legal complications and worst scenario business continuity

and worst scenario business continuity or

or business shutdown business closure

business shutdown business closure all right

all right going concern yes

going concern yes recommend cyber security actions

recommend cyber security actions i need five

i need five [Music]

[Music] focus more on data side and less on

focus more on data side and less on hardware side

hardware side firewalls very good

firewalls very good passwords very good antivirus very good

passwords very good antivirus very good audit trails password includes all those

audit trails password includes all those things like otps and regular changing

things like otps and regular changing backups

backups and one point on physical security

and one point on physical security server security

server security cctvs or security guards

cctvs or security guards biometrics okay perfect so this was a

biometrics okay perfect so this was a high scoring question

and again uh in this case uh the

in this case uh the operational director

operational director uh

uh you know wants

one guy is the sponsor as well as the project manager

project manager is that a good strategy that the same

is that a good strategy that the same guy is the project sponsor and the same

guy is the project sponsor and the same guy the project manager

guy the project manager so why it should be split

what's the advantage so yeah it's number one segregation of duty

one segregation of duty and then project manager requires

and then project manager requires technical skills

technical skills the two different roles right

the two different roles right and then monitoring of the project with

and then monitoring of the project with this more yeah

this more yeah i think uh

i think uh you know all this we did that yesterday

you know all this we did that yesterday i think right so it's pretty fresh in

i think right so it's pretty fresh in our mind

our mind last question optima

prepare a briefing assess the value to optima of undertaking customer

optima of undertaking customer segmentation analysis

segmentation analysis this was a surprise topic

this was a surprise topic but you know uh there was an article on

but you know uh there was an article on customer segmentation in that attempt

customer segmentation in that attempt and this question was

and this question was there so it was expected

what is the meaning of customer segmentation

[Music] that we break down our customers not

that we break down our customers not market segmentation excuse me

market segmentation excuse me market segmentation is different

market segmentation is different when we break the market into sections

when we break the market into sections customer segmentation when we break

customer segmentation when we break our customers into

our customers into groups

for example i have like 150 students right now

right now all of you are attending right now

all of you are attending right now i can

i can break you into smaller groups

break you into smaller groups i can do a geographical

i can do a geographical segmentation like how many from europe

segmentation like how many from europe how many from africa how many india how

how many from africa how many india how many

many pakistan or many

pakistan or many middle east

middle east i can do uh gender

i can do uh gender gender

gender it might not be

it might not be very good here because most of you 90

very good here because most of you 90 percent of you in the same age gender

percent of you in the same age gender could be done

could be done what about number of attempts

what about number of attempts yeah

yeah yeah

yeah number of times

number of times first attempt

first attempt or

or number of papers left

number of papers left how about

how about yes scary how about language

[Music] what are you doing

so about language like who's my first

about language like who's my first primary language is english whose is

primary language is english whose is working versus

working versus working versus

working versus full-time students

full-time students you see it's all

you see it's all logical things

logical things very good so customer segmentation means

very good so customer segmentation means that we break our customers into various

that we break our customers into various segments now why do we break what is the

segments now why do we break what is the advantages

advantages when we break our customers into

when we break our customers into specific groups what happens

specific groups what happens very good no don't jump to marketing

very good no don't jump to marketing directly very bad we then understand

directly very bad we then understand their specific requirements and needs

their specific requirements and needs this is not a

this is not a you know one size fits all when i break

you know one size fits all when i break it and then able to focus on each

it and then able to focus on each segment i can understand their needs

segment i can understand their needs i once i know their needs i can design

i once i know their needs i can design offer them for customized products i can

offer them for customized products i can then i can do marketing i can i can

then i can do marketing i can i can increase their customer satisfaction

increase their customer satisfaction which will increase more revenue better

which will increase more revenue better retention better communication better

retention better communication better customer engagement all these sexy words

customer engagement all these sexy words comes in

comes in comp edge yes thank you cost

account got it so now this question

got it so now this question was

was assess the value to optimum what is the

assess the value to optimum what is the meaning of this assess the value to

meaning of this assess the value to optima of undertaking customer value

advantages or about what value will it add right

add right benefits yes

benefits yes so got it what is the benefit of

so got it what is the benefit of customer segmentation

customer segmentation we will be able to understand the

we will be able to understand the specific needs we can develop products

specific needs we can develop products we can do specific marketing

we can do specific marketing personalized marketing increase customer

personalized marketing increase customer satisfaction increase revenue

satisfaction increase revenue competition so many things

competition so many things remember this now

remember this now and

and part b is

advise on the most appropriate ways that optima could segment its customer how

optima could segment its customer how optima can segment its customers are

optima can segment its customers are very simple the most easiest common way

very simple the most easiest common way is geographical

is geographical gender

gender age

age needs

needs but this was a specific

but this was a specific case study exhibit specific

case study exhibit specific requirement right

b prepare two slides we have explained the

prepare two slides we have explained the why it is of strategic importance

why it is of strategic importance to optima to demonstrate a strong focus

to optima to demonstrate a strong focus on csr

on csr and what the hell is csr

and what the hell is csr corporate

corporate social

social responsibility which means that

responsibility which means that organizations they involve in charitable

organizations they involve in charitable activities social activities or the

activities social activities or the betterment of the society which means

betterment of the society which means that they are

that they are you know

you know contributing

contributing in the social welfare of the society

in the social welfare of the society is that good

is that good in today's days it's good it's a very

in today's days it's good it's a very strong marketing tool

strong marketing tool because many customers they are now very

because many customers they are now very focused on these things they like to do

focused on these things they like to do deal by products of those companies who

deal by products of those companies who are socially active who are good city

are socially active who are good city corporate citizens

corporate citizens so

so why what will be the advantage

why what will be the advantage uh to optima for doing csr

uh to optima for doing csr from a customer point of view

from a customer point of view will it get more customers

yes especially those customers who really value these csr activities

really value these csr activities you will be able to attract them it will

you will be able to attract them it will give you com edge over other

give you com edge over other companies who are not involving in csr

companies who are not involving in csr so definitely

so definitely we will be able to attract more

we will be able to attract more customers

customers quality customers who are more you know

quality customers who are more you know affected or interested in cds are active

affected or interested in cds are active will it

how will it benefit from a staffing point of view

how will optima benefit from a staffing point of view again same thing

point of view again same thing yes

yes we will be able to attract good

we will be able to attract good resources because we will be seen as a

resources because we will be seen as a good employer

good employer and it will boost up the morale of the

and it will boost up the morale of the staff they will feel proud

staff they will feel proud that they are associated with a company

that they are associated with a company which is in csr

which is in csr motivated

motivated low staff turnover very good aisha

low staff turnover very good aisha attract better talent very good

attract better talent very good perfect on the upper and

perfect on the upper and how the investors and government and

how the investors and government and wider communities

wider communities will see us if

will see us if if like we fear csr what benefit will we

if like we fear csr what benefit will we get from investors

get from investors low cost of capital

low cost of capital investors will be we are more

investors will be we are more you know

you know if we have a good reputation ethical

if we have a good reputation ethical company will be able to attract more

company will be able to attract more investors maybe at a lower cost

investors maybe at a lower cost government relationship maybe we will

government relationship maybe we will get the be fit program which is another

get the be fit program which is another exhibit

exhibit you know it will strengthen our

you know it will strengthen our relationship with government it will

relationship with government it will wider community

wider community again uh you know it will be you know a

again uh you know it will be you know a goodwill thing we may attract more

goodwill thing we may attract more customers more volunteers maybe i don't

customers more volunteers maybe i don't know

know so it was a very

so it was a very general common sense point

general common sense point relating to csr

relating to csr [Music]

okay analyze the potential opportunities and

analyze the potential opportunities and threats which optima must consider in

threats which optima must consider in relation to undertaking a collaboration

relation to undertaking a collaboration partnership with the department of

partnership with the department of health for the be fit program

health for the be fit program so opportunities and threats of this

so opportunities and threats of this program so very specific

program so very specific exhibit specific requirement so

exhibit specific requirement so explain what is meant by value for money

explain what is meant by value for money and evaluate the potential challenges

and evaluate the potential challenges value for money is a concept again a

value for money is a concept again a very unexpected topic

it's a concept which is used by government organizations and charitable

government organizations and charitable organizations they have to demonstrate

organizations they have to demonstrate that whatever they are spending

that whatever they are spending is justified and it's adding value so

is justified and it's adding value so value for money

value for money there are three components remember what

there are three components remember what components are there there are three e's

components are there there are three e's value for money is based on three e's

value for money is based on three e's effectiveness

effectiveness efficiency economy

efficiency economy effectiveness efficiency economy very

effectiveness efficiency economy very specific topic effectiveness means that

specific topic effectiveness means that how well you are achieving your

how well you are achieving your objectives

objectives efficiency means that you're really

efficiency means that you're really efficient with with less number of input

efficient with with less number of input but you're able to achieve large number

but you're able to achieve large number of output

of output and economy means that you are within

and economy means that you are within the budget

the budget economy talks about budget

economy talks about budget cost budget revenue budget time budget

cost budget revenue budget time budget resources but whatever budget you are

resources but whatever budget you are within the approved budget you do not

within the approved budget you do not exceed or cross your

exceed or cross your budget limits

budget limits [Music]

[Music] okay

okay very very strange question actually

very very strange question actually but now you must remember yes donald

but now you must remember yes donald [Music]

[Music] hey

hey donald trump was there oh this guy's

donald trump was there oh this guy's there

okay question number three discuss the opportunities and threats

discuss the opportunities and threats of implementing

of implementing big data analytics

big data analytics in improving engagement with its members

in improving engagement with its members oh

oh opportunities and threats of

opportunities and threats of implementing

implementing big data what's the advantage of big

big data what's the advantage of big data

data deeper

deeper inside

we know that deeper inside you can come up with customized products

up with customized products personalized marketing

personalized marketing satisfying customers

satisfying customers leading to more revenues

leading to more revenues more compact

more compact what are the threats of big data

what are the threats of big data data storage

data storage data security

data security high initial investment

high initial investment technical expertise i.t expertise

technical expertise i.t expertise required

okay got it discuss the benefits of using mobile technology

of using mobile technology what can be the benefits of using mobile

what can be the benefits of using mobile technology

very easy like mobile technology very good

very good accessibility that's the biggest

accessibility that's the biggest advantage it is always in my pocket

advantage it is always in my pocket fast

fast it's easy and fast

it's easy and fast notifications

notifications communication interaction

okay very good

very good are we done

are we done yeah

yeah three what is question number four

three what is question number four there's one more

there's one more [Music]

[Music] evaluate the potential impact of the

evaluate the potential impact of the weaknesses which have been identified in

weaknesses which have been identified in the internal control activity

the internal control activity we need to talk about the weaknesses

we need to talk about the weaknesses identified in the

identified in the exhibit and recommend

exhibit and recommend so divide by four

so divide by four exhibit specific

what is the overall conclusion what did you feel that abhi we looked at

what did you feel that abhi we looked at five six papers in one go

five six papers in one go how much it was dependent

how much it was dependent on

on technical knowledge and how much was

technical knowledge and how much was very specific to

very specific to exhibits

exhibits what do you think

what do you think is it

is it a substantial portion

a substantial portion was

was a common sense or very exhibit driven

driven and a smaller portion was knowledge

and a smaller portion was knowledge based

based so so just focus on the top 25 topics

so so just focus on the top 25 topics which includes 10 models and 15 topics

which includes 10 models and 15 topics and that's it

and that's it but you have to focus on

but you have to focus on professional marks that's extremely

professional marks that's extremely important

important you have to focus on

you have to focus on all the formats extremely important

all the formats extremely important and most importantly you have to focus

and most importantly you have to focus on time management and all the exam

on time management and all the exam techniques

techniques the biggest problem is time management

the biggest problem is time management and the biggest reason for time and bad

and the biggest reason for time and bad time management is

time management is time traps

time traps there are few questions which are time

there are few questions which are time trap

trap which will suck up your time

which will suck up your time and you will not realize

and you will not realize after one

after one maybe after one hour has gone then you

maybe after one hour has gone then you will realize that you got sucked up into

will realize that you got sucked up into a wrong question

a wrong question if you fall in the time trap

okay raheem be careful please make sure nobody can help you if

please make sure nobody can help you if you fall into a time trap

you fall into a time trap it's that serious if you think you have

it's that serious if you think you have potential to become a smart cfo

potential to become a smart cfo then you have to be smart and cunning

then you have to be smart and cunning smart and cunning

smart and cunning okay

okay don't be naive like an idiot student

please don't fall in the time trap that's very very important maybe it's

that's very very important maybe it's question number one thank you ring

question number one thank you ring question number one is generally a time

question number one is generally a time trap or some idiot question will be a

trap or some idiot question will be a time trap

time trap if it's a difficult question somewhere

if it's a difficult question somewhere in the middle push it to the last

in the middle push it to the last okay

okay first try to grab the easy marks so at

first try to grab the easy marks so at least question number one you have to

least question number one you have to start do not you know you have to always

start do not you know you have to always start with question number one

start with question number one after you're done with question number

after you're done with question number one within the time then you can move to

one within the time then you can move to the easier ones npv's and slides and

the easier ones npv's and slides and very specific questions

very specific questions the main thing is do not get stuck

the main thing is do not get stuck always try to come out rather than

always try to come out rather than getting stuck

getting stuck that's the thing

that's the thing linking is very important no general

linking is very important no general answer

answer search find some basic information link

search find some basic information link and then you are done

and then you are done okay but

okay but time management is very important do not

time management is very important do not panic if you don't know any topic

panic if you don't know any topic always there is a one question

always there is a one question in all the paper

in all the paper in which

in which you might not know the topic

you might not know the topic but it's okay

but it's okay do not panic

do not panic okay just apply some common sense apply

okay just apply some common sense apply some

some you know cunningness to just come out of

you know cunningness to just come out of it instead of wasting more time

it instead of wasting more time spend less time and come out of it

spend less time and come out of it all this is if those

all this is if those those four hours in your exam

those four hours in your exam those four hours in your exam is very

those four hours in your exam is very important

important this 150 hours which we spent is

this 150 hours which we spent is meaningless

meaningless those four hours

those four hours will decide right yes

will decide right yes [Music]

[Music] but like ananya are two more days and i

but like ananya are two more days and i have two questions td for you and optima

have two questions td for you and optima should i do both the questions on the cv

should i do both the questions on the cv platform no tt for you don't try but you

platform no tt for you don't try but you will

will okay let me let me speak so now what to

okay let me let me speak so now what to do in that next two days assalaam this

do in that next two days assalaam this was you are waiting for this since

was you are waiting for this since yesterday

yesterday sunday and monday

sunday and monday those are the two things right

those are the two things right do not over study

do not over study time is gone but who's that our muted

time is gone but who's that our muted person ananya please mute

person ananya please mute time is

time is the time for preparation is gone

the time for preparation is gone okay we've just got 48 hours so just

okay we've just got 48 hours so just consolidate revise and relax

consolidate revise and relax in first thing you should do tomorrow

in first thing you should do tomorrow is

is revise the top 25 laws

revise the top 25 laws top 25 notes

top 25 notes that's correct

that's correct first thing is top 25 note that will be

first thing is top 25 note that will be your technical base

and um

um after that

after that do one

do one do one question

do one question uh

tomorrow and do one more question on the next

okay one question tomorrow on the cb one question the next day yes i know i'm

one question the next day yes i know i'm watching it

watching it i have another screen on which i can see

i have another screen on which i can see all the activities here

all the activities here [Music]

now which question would you do tomorrow tomorrow you must do a time-based

tomorrow you must do a time-based question and then again on monday you do

question and then again on monday you do one full four hour time based yeah

one full four hour time based yeah absolutely

absolutely whatever question you will do it has to

whatever question you will do it has to be four hour mock time based that's like

be four hour mock time based that's like a real exam otherwise it's not it's

a real exam otherwise it's not it's useless now which question you will do

useless now which question you will do it's up to you

it's up to you i would prefer a question

i would prefer a question which you have done previously

which you have done previously okay

okay uh

uh maybe you can do

one easy question first let's say tomorrow you can start with one easy

tomorrow you can start with one easy question like go fall was easy

question like go fall was easy bco was easy

bco was easy and on monday you can do one average

and on monday you can do one average question

question stay away from the difficult one you can

stay away from the difficult one you can do smartwear why not so the

do smartwear why not so the the intention is that you just apply

the intention is that you just apply what we have learned all these things

what we have learned all these things today yesterday i just wanted to apply

today yesterday i just wanted to apply that process it's not about repeating

that process it's not about repeating the question it's about repeating the

the question it's about repeating the techniques which i'm more interested

i think that's a good idea uh you can do one charity question like either bco or

one charity question like either bco or mccp i think nccp we did yesterday you

mccp i think nccp we did yesterday you can do bco

can do bco and

and one you can do a commercial organization

one you can do a commercial organization maybe yeah you can also do levy

maybe yeah you can also do levy because there is uh

because there is uh my thing available on a b as well right

my thing available on a b as well right in the

in the webinar

maybe answer i don't know whether i have an a b answer if i have a nebby answer

an a b answer if i have a nebby answer i will share otherwise

i will share otherwise let me check

bc or fold smartware doors highlight nccp

nccp [Music]

[Music] uh highlight highlight smartware cc no i

uh highlight highlight smartware cc no i don't have navy's answer

don't have navy's answer someone has nebby's answer

someone has nebby's answer sir i have it sir i

sir last time i was a student so can you share uh on the group

can you share uh on the group yesterday yeah and then i will share on

yesterday yeah and then i will share on the other groups

the other groups sure

no is one there is no 15 minutes extra time

technical articles abyss i cover technical articles today there are two

technical articles today there are two technical articles one is ai

technical articles one is ai and one is four lines of defense ai was

and one is four lines of defense ai was tested probably in march in the morning

tested probably in march in the morning batch so the technical both these

batch so the technical both these technical articles are old ones there is

technical articles are old ones there is no new technical article so chill no

no new technical article so chill no worries

worries crypto forget about crypto

raheem just google uh sbl acca sbl technical article just google and you

technical article just google and you will the acca will show you the thing

oh okay all right uh ananya you want to speak

siri lower your hand siri

sir i would like to thank you for

for on behalf of everybody i would like to

on behalf of everybody i would like to thank you for you know spending time

thank you for you know spending time with us uh my thank you would be that

with us uh my thank you would be that you guys all pass

you guys all pass then that would be a thank you

then that would be a thank you otherwise it's a work in progress

otherwise it's a work in progress installation yeah yes definitely uh

installation yeah yes definitely uh deeper

deeper sir um sir actually i have only tomorrow

sir um sir actually i have only tomorrow to study so any last tip for tomorrow

to study so any last tip for tomorrow only because i know you want us to i'm

only because i know you want us to i'm really really tired of writing four

really really tired of writing four hours

hours i can't do this question then

i just showed you with it like five papers tonight

papers tonight seventy percent is

seventy percent is common sense exhibit related right so if

common sense exhibit related right so if you are tired everything

you are tired everything just chill just revise the top 25 topic

just chill just revise the top 25 topic just look at these little questions one

just look at these little questions one in

in you know here and there

you know here and there the last thing i want you is tired on

the last thing i want you is tired on the day of the paper

the day of the paper to just build your confidence relax

to just build your confidence relax and think like a cfo that's you walk

and think like a cfo that's you walk into the hall like a cfo that mindset is

into the hall like a cfo that mindset is very important

very important okay so i'll try

okay so i'll try hard work is not required the time for

hard work is not required the time for hard work is gone

hard work is gone yes

yes now is the time for smart work

now is the time for smart work focused a little bit relax and yes

focused a little bit relax and yes chamomile tea

chamomile tea yeah

yeah was

was ha

acc released um yummy mark and it's called yummy do you recommend

and it's called yummy do you recommend we do that

we do that no

no for two reasons a it says one it is from

for two reasons a it says one it is from one of the kids

one of the kids it's a very easy question and uh it is a

it's a very easy question and uh it is a little bit weird so no need it's too

little bit weird so no need it's too late for it

late for it thank you

uh so i just wanted to ask you uh what about the not uh since you have a list

about the not uh since you have a list of uh

of uh criteria for each of the topics i just

criteria for each of the topics i just wanted to ask have you considered or do

wanted to ask have you considered or do you have any criteria for the

you have any criteria for the non-financial performance because it's

non-financial performance because it's examinable

examinable non-financial performance will be

non-financial performance will be straightforward from the case

straightforward from the case yes that is but you know some general

yes that is but you know some general generic one which i can just think of uh

generic one which i can just think of uh revenue per employee

revenue per employee that's the best one

that's the best one okay

okay when you divide by employee that's the

when you divide by employee that's the best non-financial

okay uh sorry i'll ask a silly question but i think it's too

silly question but i think it's too important because this

important because this can you just repeat the the point of

can you just repeat the the point of copying and pasting in the live example

we're about to write so i want to know i

so you want to understand the functionality of the copy pasting

functionality of the copy pasting for example

for example okay so copy pasting is uh what i can

okay so copy pasting is uh what i can suggest is i don't have my

suggest is i don't have my i think my cbe is

i think my cbe is off

off yeah

yeah um

um copy is very simple you can either you

copy is very simple you can either you know when you select a paragraph you

know when you select a paragraph you want to copy you can either

want to copy you can either i would say you can press ctrl c

i would say you can press ctrl c that's one option

that's one option ctrl c

ctrl c or you can right click and select copy

or you can right click and select copy or uh

or uh you know these are the two options i

you know these are the two options i think but when you paste

that at that time the cb becomes crazy and weird

and weird so the safest option of pasting is where

so the safest option of pasting is where you go on your word document

you go on your word document and on the top you will see an icon for

and on the top you will see an icon for pasting on the word document on the top

pasting on the word document on the top of few icons are there there's one icon

of few icons are there there's one icon which says you know paste

which says you know paste so when you paste you press that icon to

so when you paste you press that icon to paste

is that okay right peter okay that's fine okay all right

okay that's fine okay all right okay

okay what date to use

what date to use you know it's uh it's a petty thing i

you know it's uh it's a petty thing i would always use the date of the exam

hi sir firstly thank you so much for today's lecture it was really great

no yes go on with it so thank you for this lecture it was the

so thank you for this lecture it was the best revision lecture

best revision lecture um

um so i have i have a small thing um

so i have i have a small thing um difference between a product

difference between a product diversification and industry

diversification and industry diversification so in that i am confused

diversification so in that i am confused what to mention under both of them uh

what to mention under both of them uh like if i link it with the exhibit yeah

like if i link it with the exhibit yeah very simple product diversification

very simple product diversification means that if you have one product

means that if you have one product like if i'm teaching sbl

like if i'm teaching sbl that's one product right

that's one product right yes

yes i add one more product i start triple a

i add one more product i start triple a after triple a i add afm apm

after triple a i add afm apm that's product i'm diversifying my

that's product i'm diversifying my products but in the same industry

products but in the same industry okay

okay industry diversification is i'm

industry diversification is i'm supposing if acca dies tomorrow i'm

supposing if acca dies tomorrow i'm screwed right

screwed right yes i've put all my eggs in acca so

yes i've put all my eggs in acca so industry diversification would be i

industry diversification would be i might start teaching some subjects to

might start teaching some subjects to simmer

simmer or chartered accountants or mbas

or chartered accountants or mbas or doctors i don't know that's industry

or doctors i don't know that's industry diverse education

diverse education okay um so just uh one clarification if

okay um so just uh one clarification if if a sim product has been

if a sim product has been changed its packaging

changed its packaging and a little bit of use uh

and a little bit of use uh will it be called product

will it be called product diversification

diversification come again

come again a product which can be used in a

a product which can be used in a different way and the packaging is

different way and the packaging is changed well let me call product

changed well let me call product diversification yes it's subjective it

diversification yes it's subjective it can be product diversification it can

can be product diversification it can it's also sometimes in real world known

it's also sometimes in real world known as product extension

as product extension okay

it's too complicated for the paper nothing like that will come

nothing like that will come got it thank you okay

tomorrow tomorrow

tomorrow sunday i'm free so i have like your paper i have our salon paper and

your paper i have our salon paper and two more guys

two more guys extra mock so i will check tomorrow

extra mock so i will check tomorrow ananya

ananya sir i have a general question can i ask

sir i have a general question can i ask sir do you give career guidance also i

sir do you give career guidance also i mean uh sorry um

mean uh sorry um come again

come again carrier guidance

carrier guidance carrier guidance

carrier guidance when

when i mean like on a one-to-one basis like

i mean like on a one-to-one basis like that

that uh we can talk about it once you clear

uh we can talk about it once you clear your paper why not

your paper why not yeah

yeah okay it will cost you a nice scandal

okay it will cost you a nice scandal like dinner

good all right guys uh

all right guys uh so let's wind up tonight uh i'm

so let's wind up tonight uh i'm accessible tomorrow okay

accessible tomorrow okay just relax okay do not over study time

just relax okay do not over study time of hard working is gone

of hard working is gone time for smart working is started top 25

time for smart working is started top 25 topics try to do one or two mocks the

topics try to do one or two mocks the easier ones just to repeat the process

easier ones just to repeat the process okay if not then just go to a spa relax

okay if not then just go to a spa relax chamomile tea

chamomile tea it's really good yeah

it's really good yeah and um

and um i might not see you again all of you but

i might not see you again all of you but i'm accessible tomorrow on whatsapp and

i'm accessible tomorrow on whatsapp and of course after the paper

of course after the paper let me know uh what are the topics

let me know uh what are the topics and then on the result they will

and then on the result they will communicate again so i wish you all of

communicate again so i wish you all of you ex all the very

you ex all the very best and one suggestion whatever

best and one suggestion whatever religion you belong to

it's very important that prayers prayers are very important okay efforts

prayers are very important okay efforts plus prayers so do prayer do pray before

plus prayers so do prayer do pray before you go ask your parents to pray of

you go ask your parents to pray of course we all will pray so all this put

course we all will pray so all this put together inshallah you guys will pass

together inshallah you guys will pass and uh

and uh all the best

all the best okay

okay [Music]

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