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Győzhetett volna a Szovjetunió az USA segítsége nélkül? | Pandora HU | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: Győzhetett volna a Szovjetunió az USA segítsége nélkül?
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Core Theme
The Lend-Lease Act was a crucial US program that provided vital military and economic aid to the Soviet Union during World War II, significantly impacting the Eastern Front and the overall Allied war effort, despite the immense logistical challenges and dangers involved in its delivery.
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Hello, my dear viewers, by the beginning of 1941,
most of Europe had been occupied by Hitler's
Germany. In a few weeks, they had occupied
Poland and occupied Belgium,
the Netherlands, France, Norway and
Denmark. Great Britain was bombed daily by
Luftwaffe planes. In this
situation, the United States
decided to send aid to the
Allies. On March 11, 1941, President Roosevelt
signed the so-called
Lend-Lease Act, under which the United
States provided
aid to the countries fighting Hitler without compensation.
Six months later,
the Soviet Union was also included in the program. During the war,
American convoys, defying difficulty and mortal danger, transported millions of
tons of military equipment,
including tanks, aircraft and trucks,
trucks,
to the Soviet Union. On November 7, 1937, Moscow
solemnly celebrated the 20th anniversary of the Great October
Socialist Revolution.
The newest Soviet tanks
marched along the 300 fighter jets performed a display on Red Square.
In the sky above the Kra, the residents of Moscow proudly
watched the soldiers marching. 10 years
earlier, in the famine-stricken 1920s,
few would have thought that
a combat-ready army would be rebuilt in the devastated country.
All this happened at the cost of enormous human sacrifices
and efforts.
By the end of the 1930s, defense
spending had almost doubled and
amounted to a quarter of the country's budget. An
endless line of units equipped with equipment and ammunition set off for the
Soviet Union's new western border,
towards the territory of occupied Poland and the Baltic states. The Soviet Union was
preparing for war with
Germany. However, Hitler did not wait to be
attacked. He was especially afraid
because he was convinced that he could
defeat the Soviet Union in a few months.
He gathered the most effective parts of the German army for the first strike against the Soviets.
In total, more
than 3 million
people were involved in the offensive.
Beginning in the early morning of June 22, 1941, German artillery
and air power struck Soviet
territory. On the first day of the war, 1,489
aircraft were destroyed
directly at the airfields and about
1,000 tanks were shot down. Most of the destroyed
military equipment
was new and had never been used in combat.
Chaos broke out on the western border.
Communications were completely disrupted.
By the end of June, 250,000 Red Army
soldiers had been taken prisoner by the Germans.
By the end of the year, this number had increased
to 2,335,000 or even 3.5 million, according to various sources.
The Wehrmacht began
its advance towards Leningrad, Moscow, and
Kiev. By autumn, the Nazis had occupied
White Russia, Ukraine, and the
European part of the Soviet Union. The Donbass
industrialized areas of Kharkov and Leningrad
fell into enemy hands. Thousands of enterprises were
captured, which was a serious blow
to the Soviet economy. The military
industry had to be urgently evacuated. and to
rebuild in the hinterland. Hitler's attack on the Soviet Union
caused conflicting feelings in the West. Some political forces
doubted whether the Red Army would be
able to resist the
Vermas. The New York press raised the question of whether it was
necessary to help communist
Russia. On June 24, Senator Harry Truman, who would
later become US President, said
in an interview with the New York Times: "
If we see that Germany is winning, we
must help Russia, and if
Russia is winning, we must
help Germany. Let's help each other as much as
we can because neither of us keeps our
word. However, under no circumstances would I
want Hitler to win.
However, after receiving news of the
terrible situation developing on the Soviet-German front,
Washington officially announced
that the United States would include the Soviet Union in
its aid program for the belligerent countries.
In March 1941, three months
before the German attack on the Soviet Union,
the US Congress
passed a law on lend-lease to Hitler
and The
first participant in the new program
was Great Britain, the
only country in Europe that was
actually resisting Hitler's troops at the time. At
the end of July 1941, Roosevelt's
presidential advisor Harry Hopkins
arrived in Moscow. At first, the Americans
doubted that the Red Army
would be able to stop the German
advance. Washington feared
that the equipment sent to the Soviet Union would
fall into the hands of the Germans.
Stalin convinced Hopkins that the course of the war
would soon change. Hopkins then telegraphed
Roosevelt that the deliveries could not be delayed any longer,
and on August 1,
the British ship Adventure docked in the port of Arkhangelsk. It was the
first Allied
ship to deliver military aid
to the Soviet Union. It
had sea mines and ammunition on board. A
month later, in September, the
English schooner Dervis arrived
in Arkhangelsk
under the code number PQ0. The British had the equipment and ammunition
and 16 Hawker Hurricane fighters
fighters
were sent. A
group of British pilots
also arrived with the convoy. The Lend-Lease
Lend-Lease
agreement to the Soviet Union was in effect from October 1941 to May 1945.
Officially, under the agreement,
American aircraft, ships,
locomotives, automobiles, military equipment, and
ammunition were made available to the Soviet Union.
After the war, any
weapons that remained intact were
to be paid for or
returned to the United States.
States.
The program transported a total of 17.5 million tons of goods, including
machine tools, food, fuel,
clothing, shoes, and much more. There were
three main routes for American shipments to the Soviet Union.
The first route led across the Pacific Ocean,
connecting the ports of California with
the Soviet
Far East. The second route
took the equipment through Iran, from the ports of Persia
to the Soviet border on the Caspian Sea.
The fastest route
was the Arctic route. From Great Britain,
Allied transport ships
sailed through the North Sea to Arkhangai and Severodvinsk under the protection of aircraft and submarines.
The main problem of supply
was the acute shortage of transport ships. To
solve this, the Americans organized
the rapid production of Liberty series transport ships.
These huge 135 m
long ocean liners
could take on board almost 10,000 tons of cargo. The
average construction time of a ship was reduced to 44 days.
In 1942, the Germans declared submarine warfare
against lend-lease convoys. Near the coast of occupied Norway,
enemy submarines
awaited the Allies like a
pack of wolves. They
followed and sank the Allied
Allied
transport ships in turn. The greatest Arctic disaster
was the sinking of convoy PQ17.
In June 1942, 24 of the 37 ships
More than 400 tanks were destroyed, 3,000 cars and 200
planes were
sunk, more than 14,000 British,
American and Canadian sailors lost
their lives during the war,
nearly 1 million tons of valuable
cargo was lost on the Lend-Lease shipping routes, every 15 tanks,
planes and cars
sent to the Soviet Union ended up on the ocean floor to
protect the transport ships, the
Americans built and sent 102 torpedo boats, 34
minesweepers and 28 frigates,
these ships formed the basis of the
Soviet Northern and Pacific
Fleets, a
total of 608 warships were delivered by
the Americans during the war years,
almost half of all American cargo was transported from Far Eastern ports to the
western part of the Soviet Union via the Trans-Siberian Railway,
this was a long but relatively
safe route,
after the Japanese attack on the United States, all Pacific
transport ships flew the Soviet flag
The third route was the Persian
Corridor, which led through the hot Iranian deserts.
Compared to the others,
the situation here was relatively calm,
as it
had already been occupied by British and Soviet troops in September 1941.
General Motors had built
assembly plants in Iran specifically for lend-lease purposes.
After assembly,
Soviet pilots flew the planes straight to the front
from Iranian ports. However, most cargo was
transported to the Soviet Union by rail and truck.
In the desert,
gangs of robbers often awaited the valuable
cargo convoys.
Due to Iran's underdeveloped infrastructure,
logistics often collapsed.
During the war years, millions of tons of
vital raw materials for Soviet industry
were transported
to the Soviet Union: aluminum, copper, and steel.
Only the shipment of American copper
exceeded the amount of metal processed in the Soviet Union
four times.
Among the equipment transported, locomotives set an absolute record
during the war.
Two out of three steam locomotives operating on the Soviet Union's railways
were manufactured abroad under lend-lease. The
United States handed over to the Allies about 22,000
aircraft, 10,876 tanks, 1,802
self-propelled guns, 6,660 armored
personnel carriers, 375,000
freight vehicles and 608 warships. The
supply of American vehicles
played an important role in the Soviet
war economy. More than 50,000
passenger SUVs were brought
to the country, nearly 376,000 trucks and 1
million tires. The trucks of the American Studebaker
company were particularly popular due to their high
payload, reliability and off-road
capability. The
Soviets mounted
most of their rocket launchers on these vehicles, including the famous
BM13 rocket launcher, better known as the
Katyusha, which played a colossal role
in the war effort. And then the
legitimate question arises. The question is whether the Red Army could
have won the war
without the help of the United States.
Official Soviet and now Russian
sources claim that Soviet
industry supplied more than 100,000
tanks to the Red
Army during the war and only 100,000 were manufactured
overseas. In addition, the
imported vehicles
were significantly inferior in combat characteristics to the
legendary T30-34, which was recognized as the
best tank of World War II.
However, according to historians, out of the
20,000 new tanks produced on paper in 4'3,
less than 5,000 entered
service. How could this be? The
real figures of military production were concealed by Soviet party functionaries.
party functionaries.
After the loss of the Ukrainian Dombas, the Soviet Union did
not even have the steel to produce so many tanks. The
number of tanks produced was creatively calculated, plus the
number of refurbished equipment was also added.
For comparison, the entire German
war economy was In the
same year, together with the occupied territories, in 1943, a total of 5,854
tanks and surface
support units were produced.
The Russians even say
that during the war years, the Soviet Union
produced 137,000 combat aircraft,
surpassing Germany, Japan and
Great Britain. Only the USA produced
more. The Allies supplied the Red
Army with about 18,000 aircraft,
which was 13% of the Soviet combat vehicles.
What do you think about the veracity of this information?
information? Write
in the comments about the food aid, thanks to
which the Soviet army
did not starve even after the
agricultural lands fell into the hands of the Germans.
The Russians prefer not to
remember at all. I will also tell you how
the aircraft were delivered to the Soviet Union under the Wise Treaty.
Basically, the aircraft
flew the Alaska-
Siberia air route on their own wings. Each aircraft covered a
total distance of 14,000 km. The
fighters flew from American factories through Canada and Alaska to Fairbanks, then across the ocean
to Krass Noyarsk and from there to the front.
16 airfields were built on this route. More than
3,000 people were employed. The
fighters were delivered in groups,
led by a bomber and closed by a bomber.
The pilots
returned on troop transport aircraft. All
technical tasks involved repairing and transporting the fighters.
The pilots often flew almost blindly
at high altitudes and in very low temperatures. They
temperatures. They
often used
oxygen masks. Any error and
loss of communication with the group could have
resulted in tragedy. During the years of the war, a
total of 39 aircraft accidents
occurred on the Alaska-Siberia route, in which 114 people lost
their lives. American supplies also
ensured the rapid development of Soviet radio communications.
About 2 million km of
cable, 1 million telephones and more than 1,000
tons of various raw materials were dried
for the armies
to manufacture radio stations. This allowed the army to the
communication supply of the divisions and airfields of its headquarters
until the first years of the war. During the war years,
the United States
transported 4.5 million tons of food
to the Soviet Union, including 37,000 tons of
seeds. These shipments
helped in the successful implementation of the sowing campaigns.
During the most difficult periods of the war, the allies supplied the
beef, butter, chocolate and sugar consumed by the Allies. The
absolute record for deliveries,
however, was only the
amount of canned meat, the amount of pork stew
exceeded the total Soviet production five times. The
abundant supply for the army
made it possible to send American products
to schools, hospitals and
kindergartens. Soviet hospitals received large
quantities of imported medicines,
antibiotics, bandages and
various medical devices and
instruments. The civilian
population also received American or
English second-hand clothes, food, blankets
and military uniforms from the aid. They were distributed
in the city markets. In the port, imported goods
often replaced The currency was the loan shipments that arrived in
4 countries of the world during the war years.
Their total value is estimated at 50 billion dollars,
which is about 700 billion at the current exchange rate.
More than
half of it, 31.4 billion, went to Great Britain, and
11.4 billion to the Soviet Union.
After the war ended, the
United States
presented the bill to all participants in the program.
According to the American version, adding up the combat
losses and the remaining
equipment, the
Soviet Union should have received 1 billion 300 million dollars.
dollars.
That's all it was today, my dear viewers.
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