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CISIWEB 72 Chapter 3

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hi everybody

we're gonna cover chapter three so we're

gonna learn

how to uh code using

css cascading style sheets so a little

bit of

bit different than what we did before with

with

html we'll kind of do a quick review of

what we've done with html and then get

started with our css

okay and here's what we've got so this

is what we did the basic

10 tags um for html

last week we have our doctype we have

our html language equals

english we have our head our open head tag

tag

we have our title close title meta

character set up is going to be the um

standards of utf-8 then we close our head

head

remember anything that's inside the head

will not show up in the body

of our document and then we open our body

body

close our body and close

html okay so those are our basic tags

that we worked with

last week the stuff we're going to be

dealing with this week

yes we're going to still use html but

we're going to add

some new things this is called css

cascading style sheets and i'll show you

what it looks like

it looks completely different so you

have these things that you have

selectors like this one here the body is

called the body

selector and then we have declaration

properties and declaration values

now the declaration property in this

instance is color and the value

declaration value

is blue it's a very standard layout

you're going to have your body

you can tab over you're going to put the

scrolly bar

put your declaration property

put a colon a space and your declaration

value and always end with a

semicolon now there's a few errors in

your book

your book will show you um i think the

first instance they have it without

a semicolon at the end and with no space

in between here that's not

that's not how you do this you're going

to want to make sure you have a space in between

between

your colon and always end with

a semicolon we can also

add to this let me make sure i've got my

list of everything i want to add on this

uh we can stack them okay so we can have

more than one set of

properties and values declaration

properties and values

in one so we can type it like this

you can type it like

this and spread it out

that's perfectly fine you can

you can add additional

decorations in here so let's say we want

to do a background color

we can put a space and then background

and you'll see that it's in um notepad

plus plus

screen pop up so that you don't even

have to type the whole thing so you can

just click on it

and there you go background color we'll

say is

yellow semicolon and

always close your

scrolling bars now you can do it like this

this

you can keep that scrolling bar up top

like this you can spread it out

i prefer doing this uh you will have to tab

tab

tab over on the first line and then tab

again for the second line

but if we add an additional declaration

it automatically all it's not doing is

making a liar at me

we can have an another one that it

generally will automatically tab over

for you i'm not sure why it didn't do it

just then

um let me think of like another what we

can do we can do a font size sure

um font oh my tabs got screwed up that's fine

fine

and say 18 point

semicolon and you can keep

adding to this list you just need to

make sure you have your open and closed

codes in css so this here

is the selector and these are

your declaration property and

declaration value

the color and then the blue okay so this

is what we're going to use

we can use css several different ways

there are three different ways that

we're going to talk about we've got

inline css we've got embedded

css and we have external css

inline css means it's in line

with the html which means i can

put inside any of these html tags

let's say i've got an h1 that i want to

put in here

and i can put style

which means it's going to be a style sheet

sheet

uh type tag but i still have to follow

the rules

of css so this is like an attribute and remember

remember

when we have an attribute so if we look

up here at the lang

equals in quotes

en you still have to lay it out very

similar to that

so we would still put style we would

still put in equals and we would still

put a

quote but then we would type

our declaration property and declaration value

value

so let's say i want to do

style equals uh we'll say color

this actually is for the font

equals and then i'm going to show you a

hexadecimal don't worry right now i'll i'll

i'll

talk about this

and then close our quote

this is called an inline style sheet

so it's in the same line as our html

there is an embedded style sheet

embedded style sheets go up in the head

and remember

last week we had head header and headings

headings

okay this is the head of

our html document this is a

head ing h1

there will be also a header when we are designating

designating

a header a footer a

um the main the navigation area

divs divisions

so don't get those three head types

screwed up the plane head is up at the

top of our html

h1 h2 h3r head

in tags and then there's head

embedded css

is inside the head okay

and we would add a style tag

type in all of our uh

selectors and declaration properties and then

then

okay give me one second to make my

daughter be quiet [Music]

okay

so again

inline is going to be in the same line

as the html code

embedded will be embedded inside

of the head and then

external we will move it from this document

document

to its own document that is saved as a dot

dot

css file okay

so let's work on some of what these

uh selectors and declarations look like

and get used to those so we can

inside let's let's just go ahead and

work with a

uh an embedded so let's say we want to change

change

the body and do some coding for that

so we type in body and again we use

these curly

brackets and let's say we want to give a

background color

so background dash color and again i can

just scroll right in this list and hit enter

enter

and it will enter that in for me so i

don't even have to type the whole thing in

background color and here's colors

there are 256 pre-defined

colors so there's red there's blue

there's yellow there's green there's

aqua there's

silver there's white there's black

there's all kinds of colors

if it's a common color name you can

probably just type the name

or you can do something called

hexadecimal code which is more

flexible and allows you more colors

if you scroll to the back of your

book there is a

you find it what page that's on

there is a table that is

teeny teeny teeny tiny

um and it's in

the where is it

in the appendix it's one of the early appendices

it's got very teeny tiny writing so if

you've got good eyes you can see that otherwise

otherwise

it might be easier for you to google

hexadecimal code

color properties and find that table

let me see they do it all on one table

here it is web saved color palette

it is

appendix h in the back of your book

um if you have the bound book it's on

663 and the way it breaks down

the colors is it

16 colors so hexadecimal

x 6 plus deca 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8 9 a b c d e

and f okay so you get 10 numbers and six letters

letters

that give you a total of sixteen zero

is the lowest number f is the

highest and the way it breaks down

is red

green and blue there are two digits for red

red

two digits for green and then two digits

for blue

so let's say we want just

red okay pound sign

and it's rgb so i would go to the

the highest number which is f f f

and then zero zero zero zero what that

gives me

is all red

zero green and zero blue

so that will end up giving me a bright

red background color

if i want a blue background color

zero zero so that would give me zero red

i'm sorry if i want a green background

zero red all green no blue

if i want a blue background it would be

zero zero

zero zero f f so all of the color would

be in the blue designation

so let's think about this what is

that would be white i know

your first instinct is to think okay all

the colors it's got to be black

it's not that's white that's just a

spectrum thing

uh color spectrum thing all colors together

together

are make white black is actually the

absence of color so i would have no red

no green and no blue which would be

that's black um and then

everything in between so you can have

you know

a a e e

1 1 okay so you have red some red some green

green

and some blue

okay but less blue in in that instance so

zero is the lowest so zero one two three

four five six seven eight nine

and then a b c d e f f is the highest

okay there's also a three digit

code one red one green one blue uh but

this is pretty standard for you to use

the actual hexadecimal

some people will throw down the

predefined colors you know red or green

or blue or something like that

but just about everybody is going to

really use the hexadecimal

uh numbering system so you should you

should probably get very used to that

okay so that will give you a background

color uh

it well you should probably not to do

black let's do a light blue so if

i say i want a light blue i would say no red

red

no green and maybe

a three for blue that'll give me a light blue

the color declaration

that is actually font color okay so you don't

don't

type font dash color it's just color

that will be your font color

there's a colon for that and we would

use some hexadecimal code

a very dark blue so let's say

zero zero zero zero zero zero and we'll

say ff

again we can stack them inside of each

and then make sure you would close your

scrolling bracket

but let's say we want to just do a quick

down and dirty

um font color

we can do that down here for that h say

the h1

we're going to change that let's make

that actually um

black so let's say

and we are going to do we're going to

just do a website on cats tonight i have no

imagination we did dogs last time we're

going to do cats this time

close that h1 now what i've got here

is an inline style that

will override

what's inside inside the embedded style

sheet now i will talk about how they

cascade and why they're called

cascading style sheets once we have an

idea of what they actually look like

so h1 style color

cats close rh1

save this i've already i've already

the dot cats.html.a is super important

if you don't do that it will default to

a text file

and then it won't work everything will

look funky

so file i'm just going to go to save as

you can see

it is cats.html type that out

oh it doesn't like me to do it doesn't

want me to rename it but

let's say in my h1 i want more than one

style can i add that inside those quotations

quotations

yes i can go ahead and do that so [Applause]

[Applause]

we need to make sure we separate it with

a semicolon

and let's say we do a

colon and then space pound sign and

let's see what kind of background color

we want for it um

we can save this uh let me put a little

bit of text

down below so that it's not just a title

with the word cat

and we'll just pretend to take a

make sure if this uh if your

typing goes all the way over to the

right go up at the top and go to view

and make sure that word wrap is has a

check mark next to it so

you can see how mine has a check mark

next to it

and so it's wrapping my words

okay let me give you some blank lines

all right so save this and then we're

going to

uh oh what did they do um

this one's saying that it's saved as a

text file oh

i must have selected the wrong one

okay let's go back in and see what we

got wrong in here obviously something's funky

html and we'll save it in documents

save one here

i don't know what was wrong with that i

didn't change anything

okay so obviously the colors are crazy

but we do have a background color of blue

blue

we have a it's way too dark

uh we have a an h1

with a background color of white and the

font is black

so let's go in and change the

background color of the entire body

where did i do it did i do it at the top

i did okay so

let's change this to look up a decent

if and we'll go with that

it's terrible but it's at least we can

see what we've got going on okay

there are a bunch of tags that i would

like to teach you in this

so it's all css so we're going to go

through and

look at what this stuff kind of looks

like so we might as well stay in the

body that's probably fine we're going to go

up to the top just understand that you can

can

put css in line

that

we'll need you to put a style tag and

the more common way is to do

a embedded which means it's embedded

inside the head

and we can just keep going and type tons

and tons and tons of css code

all the way up here in the head so

let's kind of look at some of these

other ones we've got

font and and notice if you look at

what comes up for you you've got font

family that's basically what

your font is you've got your font size

you've got font stretch font

size adjust you've got font style font

variant font weight

a bunch of different things that we can

do with the font so we're going to go to font

font

short little font size now

font size generally you're going to just

put some kind of

point font so font size let's say we

want it 20.5

and then there's something called font weight

weight

font dash weight font weight

if we were just using html the font

weight would be um

done with strong

okay it's a an html tag called

and you would use that for something

if we want to do that just in html it is

text align is going to be your left

right or center

by the way this is not what you're going

to use for your

homework when you're centering the entire

entire

page for your homework they want you to

do a wrapper and we'll get to a wrapper

at the very end

we've got text decoration now

in your navigation text decoration

colon none and we will change this eventually

eventually

for our navigation area because if you

create a hyperlink

it automatically changes it to blue

and it will automatically put a line underneath

underneath

and sometimes we don't want to line

underneath it just looks weird looks funny

funny

you're going to have text dash

decoration equals none [Music]

[Music]

we've got text indent

there are several ways we can do a text indent

indent

you can do it in pixels which will be px

so we could say indented 10 pixels

we can say um

indented 10 ems okay so this is

like we've used before we had em for

emphasis for italics

m's is also something else it

actually stands for how

big the letter m is

so the letter m is the is the longest letter

letter

it is you know it's a certain width and

we can say

indented five the equivalent of the

letter m's

okay so five m's em so we would change

that px

that's a very big indent so let's change

that to

you can have text shadowing let's not

put that in the body let's put that in

something like an h1

i just type h1 tab over

and open my scrolling bar i'm

immediately going to close my scrolling

bar because i'm big on forgetting that

i'll just push it down at the bottom

and let's say we want to do a text

shadow now text

has four components to it

okay it has the horizontal offset

so left and right how far the shadow

shadows gonna go it's

got the vertical offset so top and

bottom of how far the

shadow is gonna go it's got a blur

radius and then it's got a color

so when we do a text shadow colon you to

have four things

laid on that so we i'm gonna say three px

so three pixels of a horizontal offset

we'll say it's a two pixel vertical offset

offset

we'll say it's got a blur of five pixels

red that's fine you can also put

well let's see what all this is done

we've already done quite a bit so let's

control s to save it

and come up here

and refresh this all right so

you'll see in that h1 we have

a vertical offset a horizontal offset

a blur and then a color

of our shadow

you can make this gray you can make this

a normal gray everything

is centered because we did our

text align we have a font style of

italics we have a font weight of bold

we have a font size of i think i did 18 pixels

pixels

we didn't do any letter spacing yet so

we did the text shadow [Music]

[Music]

you can also do something called transformation

transformation

text transformation which means if you

typed it all in lowercase

and you want everything to be an

uppercase you know capital letters

you can do a text transformation uppercase

uppercase

or if you typed everything in uppercase

and you need to transform some of it

there is another thing that you're going

to have to learn to use which is called

the a class

selector or an id selector

these are important we use these a lot a

let me also go in here before we start

doing this

um and set in our

down here in the body of our html document

document

that's going to be our h1 so i'll

surround that in header

so i don't want to forget to do that we

have the main part of our document we

don't have any navigation on this one

yet i guess i can make some

we don't have a footer we'll add one

so we'll put our address here

break the line uh

we'll say ranches red school is rancho [Applause]

i don't know the zip code so we'll just pretend

pretend

uh california and then oops like the

and we'll give it a fake phone number of

909 555.

five five five five okay

we should probably add some type of hyperlink

hyperlink

in a navigation area so let me go after

my footer

we'll insert a nav area

close the nav and

well we'll link to that dogs page that

we made right

quote dogs was a dog or dogs and it was dogs.html

dogs.html

and we put our dog's website there and

then we'll close that a

anchor tag and then i'll put in another one

one

and we'll have a href equals

quote http

www.disney.com

and remember when we're jumping off site

we've got to type the entire url

disney and then close my

anchor remember

anything between the open

and close of an a tag is the hyperlink

so the word dogs here is a hyperlink

i can hit a hard return here it won't matter

matter

it's not going to put it underneath it

because i didn't break the line

and there's enough room for dogs and

disney to be on the same line

so let me save this we'll take a look at this

i hope that's recording properly okay

and see how we have dogs and disney

and they have underlines on it let's

take that underline off

so wonder why that did that let's look

properly

oh because i started the paragraph

that's why

i need to start a paragraph well i

should teach you the proper way

okay um

that is that looks like that's properly centered

centered

but rancho is not perfectly centered

neither is the phone so we'll have to

look at that and see what's going on

here um [Music]

[Music]

we broke the line that shouldn't do

all right not sure why that is getting a

little freaking fine maybe we should

see what it looks like in edge i don't

think i've set any of these

up to run though yeah i haven't leaked anything

yeah i'll do that later hopefully

remember to do that

before my next video uh

maybe it'll look better in edge maybe it

is something

or i know you guys love chrome i don't

even have chrome on my machine because i

don't like it

um let's let's take

off the uh underline

on our navigation

so text decoration on

an a okay so

and we are going to say scrolling bar

pulling scrolly bar save that

and in theory that should take off these

all right back to class selector and id

selectors this is a big deal uh and

you've got to remember which is which

you got to think about this you can be

in more than one class right you can enroll

enroll

in more than one class this is how i

remember it

class selectors you can have more than one

one

time you using it

and you can use it more than one time in

the same document

an id selector once you name an id selector

selector

think of it like there you only have one

driver's license you only have

one id at least legally at least okay so

you can only use the id selector

one time this is what this thing would

look like

if i make an id

selector so i'm going to identify a region

region

so let's see um

well let's just do a wrapper let's

actually do a wrapper

this is something that you're gonna have

so the first thing up right after

opening the body i'm going to

insert a wrapper

so i'm going to put div which is a division

equals wrapper

and then i'm going to close that

division at the very very very

end of the document just before i close

okay so now my open and closed division

is wrapping the entire

document my entire thing that's going to

show then up here at the very top

i'm going to code for that wrapper and

i'm going to put a pound sign

which says look for something in this document

document

called wrapper id wrapper and

let's i'm going to actually use the same

code that your

um book uses so that we stay consistent

960 pixels that's approximately how wide

of a screen you want it

you want a little bit of space on either side

side

960 pixels you can use percentage

instead if you don't want to if you can

say 80 percent of the width of the screen

screen

so width is 960 pixels

margin left

again auto

look that they have one more thing it's

not coming up

fear 329 is what it's referencing

oh so that it looks like 329. i see what

so let's say that and we're going to see

the difference

of doing this id selector

okay so i've told

my html where this id

is going to be in my html and

up in my css oops forgot to close my

scrolling bar

i have given it

what kind of formatting i want so save that

that

go back in here and take a look at what

that's going to do

wrapped the whole thing and centered it

on my page

and gave me a defined width

again i can use percentage if i want the

the bonus with using percentage over

setting pixels

is that in this in that case it doesn't matter

matter

how big or wide or small

the user's screen is

it will take up 85 of whatever monitor

they're using so this is actually a really

really

cool feature to be able to just hit it

into percentages

so i'll show you this is going to make

it a little bit bigger i think

yeah okay so 85 that's what that looks like

class selector okay again

we're gonna have to tell it where it is

in the document and then

up in the css we will code for what we want

want

that region to look like so let's

put a class selector

right here okay so

i don't know you know what let's do

let's do something different here let's do

a close my paragraph here i'm

showing very bad habits close my paragraph

paragraph

oops that's capitalized for some reason

and then i'm gonna uh type up really quickly

quickly

in unordered list okay so let's give

myself a break

and we'll make a bulleted list so ul

and again for every line item that i

want on there

i have to have open li and then an immediate

immediate

and then close my unordered list

so let's say i've got three items on my list

i'm going to copy my open li close li

i'm going to paste it twice scroll

up so you can see what i'm doing and

above that ul i better put like an

h i'll call it

h2 and we'll title this

types of dog

breeds close my h2

otherwise i have a really giant

unordered list

and i don't know how to spell shih tzu

so i'm gonna guess as i

i don't know how to spell chihuahuas

we're not going with that one now

there's a bunch of h's in it

look at our new sorry

we're doing cats not dogs see how

everything's centered that looks terrible

terrible

um we should probably modify

our body here we've got text align center

center

let's not let's say text align

left that'll look a little bit better

and we can center say the

h1 so text

in the center and then that way

that part is centered but

okay we're getting some really weird

okay oh i know why because

we did a weird thing up here what is it

um text indent five ems i'm actually

going to take that off

because it's making everything funky [Music]

[Music]

there we go much better okay

we want to center our navigation too i

now that's a region so we can just

add nav oops that needs to back up

nav tab over

scrollybar and we want text align

and i'm actually going to put some

separations here so that we can

spread this out and see where one starts

and the next begin

okay i'll put this one back up

okay save that

uh class selector so let's use the class selector

selector

unordered list so let's say

we want to have

this line item be a

class equals

um your book uses

feature i'm gonna you can use any word

you want on this it doesn't matter what

you use

so class equals um we'll just call it pretty

pretty

we're gonna pretty this up a little bit

okay then at the top up here

like i did with my wrapper it had a

pound sign to designate that it's an

and the word pretty so that period

designates that that is a class

selector so this says it's a class selector

selector

this tells us it's an id selector

pound sign you can only use it once only

one id selector

this class selector i can enter this

class all over my page and i'll show you

so let's do

something here we're going to make the

and i'm just going to do this quick i'm

going to say green

now i'm done okay so that one's going to

be green

and then we're going to say font weight

oh wait everything is bolded already so

never mind

okay so save this

and now this one is green

again class selector i can use it

many times and i can just put it

wherever i want and in

whatever kind of tag i want so let's say

i want to say division

class equals pretty

close my division here so i've

designated the area

and i've called it pretty saying that

it's a class

called pretty again i put class equals pretty

pretty

in an li i can put it in any of

my tags watch i'll take it out of li

and i'll put it in the entire ul

now the entire unordered list will be

green so let's save that

so you can put it in any tag you want

but if you want to just name an

area really quickly just put in a

so let's go in here and you'll see that

now i've got part of my paragraph

as pretty oh i've sorry i put it in a

division tag

um and

my entire thing here now let me think

for a second

of what i can use so that it won't break

it's not coming to me there's a bunch of

them that you can use for that um

i don't want it to break the line um

well hopefully it'll come to me by the

all right we've done the id we've done

the wrapper

we've done all of that oh yes last thing

that i want to talk about is the

cascading effect

so the way these apply

is the first kind of

formatting that gets applied to your web

page are the browser defaults there's

nothing you can do about those

the browser defaults are just the

browser defaults they're

whoever's machine whoever owns that machine

machine

can set the browser defaults they can

change it you can't control that

but those get applied first to your page then

then

an external style sheet which i'm going

to show you how to do in one minute

all of that formatting gets applied to

your website

then embedded style sheets so

the code inside of

our head here can

override the code that i have

in my external style sheet

and then the last formatting that gets applied

applied

is in line style sheet

code now why would you ever want to do that

that

why do they do this so let's say your target.com

target.com

okay and you have literally millions of pages

and you just want to change the

formatting on one of your

pages but you want the entire

let's say you decide all of a sudden

target wants to put the background

instead of it being white it wants the

background of every single page

in their website to be read you don't

want to have to go into millions of

pages and enter the code

that the background right here the

background color is going to be red

that would take you just so many hours

it's not even funny

what's better is if you have one

document that controls

every single web page

you want and i'll show you how to do

that we're going to pull it out right now

now [Music]

[Music]

so let's say we're going to make this

an external style sheet so i'm just

going to copy all of this

code i'm going to delete it and i'm

going to throw it in

in its own file i'm going to go file

save as i actually saved it as java jam.css

jam.css

and then i'm going to enter a line of code

code

original head okay and the way you're

going to see how to do that is go

very beginning [Music]

maybe they teach you that at the end yes

uh if you look on this in section

3.8 using external style sheets it'll

give you the code for that

so i have made a

completely separate file with all of the

css and that's all it is it's all it is

it's only css

we go to file save as name it and dot

css then you go back into your html document

document

delete out these style tags and instead

in its place

inside the head you're going to put a

link tag

so link link and then

rel relation 2

equals it's a style sheet

okay and then the href the hyperlink reference

reference

is going to be the name of the style

sheet equals

and we called it cats dot html oh not

html sorry cats.css

and that's it now i have linked this

html file to this

it's much faster to type one line of code

code

into my millions of pages that i am that

i have if i'm target

and only have one css

than it is to type this every time in

every single one of my documents

but let's say i want to overwrite it

let's say one page i want one page to be special

special

i don't want to modify this i want all

of the other millions of pages to be the same

same

but let's say i have one page that i

want to override

well i can because i can do it up

in the head i can do an embedded style sheet

that i can change one little thing

so this all applies the css

applies but i can also enter style i can

also still have

my style tag and override this

particular page

and even more let's say i don't want to

do a big huge thing

where i'm overwriting a whole bunch of

things i just want one little special thing

thing

i can do that in line okay

so that's why this is the last type of

formatting that gets applied

okay so the first thing that gets applied

applied

is any of the browser settings on the machine

machine

that whoever is looking at your website

then the external style sheet

and then overriding that will be the

embedded style sheet

and then overriding that still is the inline

inline

now the very last thing for this chapter

is the validator

okay they want you to run your

websites through a validator and that

means just to look and see

how well your document follows

the rules for [Music]

[Music]

html5 okay so

the website is okay and it's at the very

end of the chapter

the very last page of the chapter it'll

show you what it is

but it is http colon forward slash

forward slash

jig saw j i g

s a w dot w

three which is the organization that

sets up all of these standards

dot org forward slash

okay so it's http colon for forward slash forward slash

dot jigsaw.w3.org forward slash again css dash validator

css dash validator okay and we can say look by up

okay and we can say look by up file upload we're going to tell you

file upload we're going to tell you where our file is

where our file is so we're gonna have it check the

so we're gonna have it check the validation click the file

validation click the file by file upload go to browse

by file upload go to browse um this is cats

oh no kittens kittens isn't it dot open hit check

dot open hit check and let's see how many errors we've got

and let's see how many errors we've got congratulations

congratulations no errors found great

no errors found great okay and if there's errors in it it will

okay and if there's errors in it it will tell you where they are what they look

tell you where they are what they look like

like and how to fix them okay

all right that is it for chapter three have a great week you guys

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CISIWEB 72 Chapter 3