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Intro to Windows & AD Hacking - Red Team 2024

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welcome to the windows ad talk I I gave

welcome to the windows ad talk I I gave this talk last year and it was like two

this talk last year and it was like two

this talk last year and it was like two hours long which is why I split it up

hours long which is why I split it up

hours long which is why I split it up this year into like a GBM and a red team

this year into like a GBM and a red team

this year into like a GBM and a red team talk so hopefully it's not going to be

talk so hopefully it's not going to be

talk so hopefully it's not going to be two hours long I will say I tried to cut

two hours long I will say I tried to cut

two hours long I will say I tried to cut out slides and I cut out about half the

out slides and I cut out about half the

out slides and I cut out about half the slides and then I added some more and

slides and then I added some more and

slides and then I added some more and somehow my slides this year are 83 I

somehow my slides this year are 83 I

somehow my slides this year are 83 I have 83 slides this year and I had 82

have 83 slides this year and I had 82

have 83 slides this year and I had 82 last year so I don't know how long it's

last year so I don't know how long it's

last year so I don't know how long it's going to take we'll see I'm gonna go

going to take we'll see I'm gonna go

going to take we'll see I'm gonna go quickly I totally forgot

quickly I totally forgot

quickly I totally forgot I have I've had this bag of like sour

I have I've had this bag of like sour

I have I've had this bag of like sour patch kids sitting from the GBM uh so I

patch kids sitting from the GBM uh so I

patch kids sitting from the GBM uh so I encourage you to ask questions because

encourage you to ask questions because

encourage you to ask questions because if you ask a question I'll give you one

if you ask a question I'll give you one

if you ask a question I'll give you one of these uh now Windows here let's go

of these uh now Windows here let's go

of these uh now Windows here let's go through this right this is my thing Zero

through this right this is my thing Zero

through this right this is my thing Zero to Hero only if you practice Windows is

to Hero only if you practice Windows is

to Hero only if you practice Windows is hard you will not be an expert after

hard you will not be an expert after

hard you will not be an expert after this talk but this talk will give you

this talk but this talk will give you

this talk but this talk will give you everything you need to become an expert

everything you need to become an expert

everything you need to become an expert on your own so you just got to listen

on your own so you just got to listen

on your own so you just got to listen you got to try to understand do your

you got to try to understand do your

you got to try to understand do your best do practice later you can use these

best do practice later you can use these

best do practice later you can use these slides as a reference so don't worry if

slides as a reference so don't worry if

slides as a reference so don't worry if you're not going to remember anything

you're not going to remember anything

you're not going to remember anything but just ask questions when you don't

but just ask questions when you don't

but just ask questions when you don't understand anything okay because I

understand anything okay because I

understand anything okay because I promise you Windows is kind of hard and

promise you Windows is kind of hard and

promise you Windows is kind of hard and it confuses a lot of people and it

it confuses a lot of people and it

it confuses a lot of people and it confuses me sometimes so if you have a

confuses me sometimes so if you have a

confuses me sometimes so if you have a question someone else definitely has

question someone else definitely has

question someone else definitely has it so you know if you want you could

it so you know if you want you could

it so you know if you want you could just say can I have a Sour Patch Kids

just say can I have a Sour Patch Kids

just say can I have a Sour Patch Kids and that'll count as a question

okay sure you're gonna have one

okay sure you're gonna have one there you

there you

there you go okay uh all right so uh Microsoft

go okay uh all right so uh Microsoft

go okay uh all right so uh Microsoft documentation have too many tlas TMA uh

documentation have too many tlas TMA uh

documentation have too many tlas TMA uh that means there's too many three-letter

that means there's too many three-letter

that means there's too many three-letter acronyms too many acronyms this is true

acronyms too many acronyms this is true

acronyms too many acronyms this is true uh every time I give this talk people

uh every time I give this talk people

uh every time I give this talk people are like what is adcs what is a TGT a

are like what is adcs what is a TGT a

are like what is adcs what is a TGT a TGs and St ad DS there's too many

TGs and St ad DS there's too many

TGs and St ad DS there's too many acronyms and I will probably forget that

acronyms and I will probably forget that

acronyms and I will probably forget that some of you do not know what secm is so

some of you do not know what secm is so

some of you do not know what secm is so if you don't know what it is ask me I'll

if you don't know what it is ask me I'll

if you don't know what it is ask me I'll tell you okay

tell you okay

tell you okay okay um now I'm going to preface this

okay um now I'm going to preface this

okay um now I'm going to preface this talk with my favorite tool ever uh it's

talk with my favorite tool ever uh it's

talk with my favorite tool ever uh it's called net exec this is previously

called net exec this is previously

called net exec this is previously called crack map exec so on the right is

called crack map exec so on the right is

called crack map exec so on the right is this thing that I saw in LinkedIn and

this thing that I saw in LinkedIn and

this thing that I saw in LinkedIn and someone was like hacking active

someone was like hacking active

someone was like hacking active directory methods and they had a ton of

directory methods and they had a ton of

directory methods and they had a ton of techniques and they had a ton of tools

techniques and they had a ton of tools

techniques and they had a ton of tools and they mentioned secret stump and

and they mentioned secret stump and

and they mentioned secret stump and spray hound and PS exec and all these

spray hound and PS exec and all these

spray hound and PS exec and all these tools fun fact every single one of those

tools fun fact every single one of those

tools fun fact every single one of those tools can be replaced with just one and

tools can be replaced with just one and

tools can be replaced with just one and it's called net exac uh I'm one of the

it's called net exac uh I'm one of the

it's called net exac uh I'm one of the velers from n exac um very minor

velers from n exac um very minor

velers from n exac um very minor developer but I put in a lot of effort

developer but I put in a lot of effort

developer but I put in a lot of effort into it uh which helps uh and pretty

into it uh which helps uh and pretty

into it uh which helps uh and pretty much everything in this talk you can do

much everything in this talk you can do

much everything in this talk you can do with this these tools uh if you want to

with this these tools uh if you want to

with this these tools uh if you want to install that here's the commands you can

install that here's the commands you can

install that here's the commands you can run on Linux uh the red stuff is for

run on Linux uh the red stuff is for

run on Linux uh the red stuff is for like just normal Debbie and abtu and the

like just normal Debbie and abtu and the

like just normal Debbie and abtu and the blue stuff is for if you're in Cali

blue stuff is for if you're in Cali

blue stuff is for if you're in Cali Linux n exec is the tool that I'm going

Linux n exec is the tool that I'm going

Linux n exec is the tool that I'm going to talk about the most uh impacket is a

to talk about the most uh impacket is a

to talk about the most uh impacket is a library that net exec is based on uh and

library that net exec is based on uh and

library that net exec is based on uh and impacket also has a ton of scripts that

impacket also has a ton of scripts that

impacket also has a ton of scripts that are used for Windows and AD pen

are used for Windows and AD pen

are used for Windows and AD pen testing here's the tool there's a lot of

testing here's the tool there's a lot of

testing here's the tool there's a lot of protocols that supports it supports

protocols that supports it supports

protocols that supports it supports mssql NFS what does that say RDP wmi SSH

mssql NFS what does that say RDP wmi SSH

mssql NFS what does that say RDP wmi SSH 1 RM VNC ldb FTP SNB way too many in my

1 RM VNC ldb FTP SNB way too many in my

1 RM VNC ldb FTP SNB way too many in my opinion I only really use like three of

opinion I only really use like three of

opinion I only really use like three of them ever but you know it's good to know

them ever but you know it's good to know

them ever but you know it's good to know it's good to have yeah which do you use

it's good to have yeah which do you use

it's good to have yeah which do you use SMB is like the main one crack map exec

SMB is like the main one crack map exec

SMB is like the main one crack map exec initially was only SMB I'm pretty sure

initially was only SMB I'm pretty sure

initially was only SMB I'm pretty sure it was based on a tool called exec it

it was based on a tool called exec it

it was based on a tool called exec it was just SMB L app is really

was just SMB L app is really

was just SMB L app is really useful

useful

useful and uh when RM is really

and uh when RM is really

and uh when RM is really useful and that's that's kind of it some

useful and that's that's kind of it some

useful and that's that's kind of it some other things are useful sometimes but

other things are useful sometimes but

other things are useful sometimes but not that much uh so impacket is a

not that much uh so impacket is a

not that much uh so impacket is a collection of python classes for working

collection of python classes for working

collection of python classes for working with network protocols Windows what

with network protocols Windows what

with network protocols Windows what happened oh do you want one of these all

happened oh do you want one of these all

happened oh do you want one of these all right there you go uh

right there you go uh

right there you go uh so this is something that b so Windows

so this is something that b so Windows

so this is something that b so Windows code it's all written in C right well a

code it's all written in C right well a

code it's all written in C right well a bunch of developers at this company

bunch of developers at this company

bunch of developers at this company called fortra made this tool where they

called fortra made this tool where they

called fortra made this tool where they basically rewrote all of the windows

basically rewrote all of the windows

basically rewrote all of the windows protocols in Python so that you don't

protocols in Python so that you don't

protocols in Python so that you don't have to call it locally you can call it

have to call it locally you can call it

have to call it locally you can call it remotely from python which is really

remotely from python which is really

remotely from python which is really really nice and it's like they claim

really nice and it's like they claim

really nice and it's like they claim it's for like just Windows usage but not

it's for like just Windows usage but not

it's for like just Windows usage but not really it's a pentesting company they

really it's a pentesting company they

really it's a pentesting company they also make Cobalt strike and and uh some

also make Cobalt strike and and uh some

also make Cobalt strike and and uh some other tool core impact which is an

other tool core impact which is an

other tool core impact which is an automated automatic pen testing Tool uh

automated automatic pen testing Tool uh

automated automatic pen testing Tool uh this is really useful if you want to

this is really useful if you want to

this is really useful if you want to make your own Windows tools it's really

make your own Windows tools it's really

make your own Windows tools it's really good to learn how to use impacket which

good to learn how to use impacket which

good to learn how to use impacket which it's it's really confusing and there's

it's it's really confusing and there's

it's it's really confusing and there's absolutely zero documentation but it's

absolutely zero documentation but it's

absolutely zero documentation but it's useful uh okay I'm going to start with

useful uh okay I'm going to start with

useful uh okay I'm going to start with Recon before I do does anyone have any

Recon before I do does anyone have any

Recon before I do does anyone have any questions so far no okay so last year

questions so far no okay so last year

questions so far no okay so last year because I gave this talk like combined

because I gave this talk like combined

because I gave this talk like combined with the intro to Windows I gave it in

with the intro to Windows I gave it in

with the intro to Windows I gave it in like a structured order and not a very

like a structured order and not a very

like a structured order and not a very logical order and that I was like let's

logical order and that I was like let's

logical order and that I was like let's cover all the protocols and let's cover

cover all the protocols and let's cover

cover all the protocols and let's cover all the exploits this year because all

all the exploits this year because all

all the exploits this year because all of you learned a little bit about

of you learned a little bit about

of you learned a little bit about protocols and you learned a little bit

protocols and you learned a little bit

protocols and you learned a little bit about Windows and that kind of thing I'm

about Windows and that kind of thing I'm

about Windows and that kind of thing I'm going to try to do it instead in the

going to try to do it instead in the

going to try to do it instead in the relative order in which I would do a

relative order in which I would do a

relative order in which I would do a pent test right so like for example I go

pent test right so like for example I go

pent test right so like for example I go to a pent testing competition what do I

to a pent testing competition what do I

to a pent testing competition what do I start with I start with reconnaissance

start with I start with reconnaissance

start with I start with reconnaissance that makes sense it's not going to be

that makes sense it's not going to be

that makes sense it's not going to be the exact order but it's going to be

the exact order but it's going to be

the exact order but it's going to be close enough okay so yeah the order for

close enough okay so yeah the order for

close enough okay so yeah the order for competition yes for Windows it's

competition yes for Windows it's

competition yes for Windows it's generally it's pretty straightforward I

generally it's pretty straightforward I

generally it's pretty straightforward I think of it as like a line with like

think of it as like a line with like

think of it as like a line with like Loops so I do a little line and then

Loops so I do a little line and then

Loops so I do a little line and then eventually I get credentials and I loop

eventually I get credentials and I loop

eventually I get credentials and I loop back and I do the things that that I can

back and I do the things that that I can

back and I do the things that that I can do when I have credentials and

do when I have credentials and

do when I have credentials and eventually I become an administrator and

eventually I become an administrator and

eventually I become an administrator and then I loop back and I go for another

then I loop back and I go for another

then I loop back and I go for another line that lets me do things as an

line that lets me do things as an

line that lets me do things as an administrator and it's like it's

administrator and it's like it's

administrator and it's like it's relatively

relatively

relatively sequential but it'll vary a little bit

sequential but it'll vary a little bit

sequential but it'll vary a little bit okay so net exec one of the things you

okay so net exec one of the things you

okay so net exec one of the things you can do uh so who's who's run an nmap

can do uh so who's who's run an nmap

can do uh so who's who's run an nmap scan before you done that before okay

scan before you done that before okay

scan before you done that before okay perfect that's so great uh nmap can take

perfect that's so great uh nmap can take

perfect that's so great uh nmap can take a long time and it'll scan like all the

a long time and it'll scan like all the

a long time and it'll scan like all the ports and it can be a little bit slow um

ports and it can be a little bit slow um

ports and it can be a little bit slow um and sometimes it's a little bit

and sometimes it's a little bit

and sometimes it's a little bit inaccurate now you should do an nmap

inaccurate now you should do an nmap

inaccurate now you should do an nmap scan regardless right here I'm passing a

scan regardless right here I'm passing a

scan regardless right here I'm passing a subnet for this is the cptc subnet and

subnet for this is the cptc subnet and

subnet for this is the cptc subnet and I'm saying do do these all all these IP

I'm saying do do these all all these IP

I'm saying do do these all all these IP addresses in the subnet and it's going

addresses in the subnet and it's going

addresses in the subnet and it's going to tell me all the windows machines and

to tell me all the windows machines and

to tell me all the windows machines and it's going to give me the domain names

it's going to give me the domain names

it's going to give me the domain names and that kind of thing but something

and that kind of thing but something

and that kind of thing but something that's really nice is SMB will often

that's really nice is SMB will often

that's really nice is SMB will often report the operating system name it'll

report the operating system name it'll

report the operating system name it'll report the domain name and the computer

report the domain name and the computer

report the domain name and the computer name you can see can you see my mouse

name you can see can you see my mouse

name you can see can you see my mouse yeah here you see the domain name you

yeah here you see the domain name you

yeah here you see the domain name you can see the name of the computer you can

can see the name of the computer you can

can see the name of the computer you can see whether or not SMB signing is

see whether or not SMB signing is

see whether or not SMB signing is enabled you can see whether or not SMB

enabled you can see whether or not SMB

enabled you can see whether or not SMB version one is a thing uh and this is

version one is a thing uh and this is

version one is a thing uh and this is really fantastic it's really fast you

really fantastic it's really fast you

really fantastic it's really fast you can scan 256 machines in like 10 seconds

can scan 256 machines in like 10 seconds

can scan 256 machines in like 10 seconds or something so I really recommend this

or something so I really recommend this

or something so I really recommend this uh now once you do this you can add it

uh now once you do this you can add it

uh now once you do this you can add it to your Etsy host file and you say hey

to your Etsy host file and you say hey

to your Etsy host file and you say hey uh IP address 1010100 is dc. SCCM lab.

uh IP address 1010100 is dc. SCCM lab.

uh IP address 1010100 is dc. SCCM lab. looc right that Mak sense okay yes julen

looc right that Mak sense okay yes julen

looc right that Mak sense okay yes julen oh um well show if you

have yeah this so in this case I'm using

have yeah this so in this case I'm using the SMB protocol so if SMB now in Linux

the SMB protocol so if SMB now in Linux

the SMB protocol so if SMB now in Linux SMB is called Samba uh and it will also

SMB is called Samba uh and it will also

SMB is called Samba uh and it will also show you that it'll show you if it's a

show you that it'll show you if it's a

show you that it'll show you if it's a Linux machine uh as long as SMB is

Linux machine uh as long as SMB is

Linux machine uh as long as SMB is running and there are other ways to use

running and there are other ways to use

running and there are other ways to use active directory to determine all the

active directory to determine all the

active directory to determine all the Linux machines on the network but this

Linux machines on the network but this

Linux machines on the network but this is not one of them unless someb is

is not one of them unless someb is

is not one of them unless someb is running that make sense

running that make sense

running that make sense okay all right so we've done the

okay all right so we've done the

okay all right so we've done the reconnaissance oh

reconnaissance oh

reconnaissance oh man well yeah I guess I can use this

man well yeah I guess I can use this

man well yeah I guess I can use this okay so who hears run Eternal blue

okay so who hears run Eternal blue

okay so who hears run Eternal blue before all right perfect Eternal blue is

before all right perfect Eternal blue is

before all right perfect Eternal blue is one of those exploits that the

one of those exploits that the

one of those exploits that the NSA did they create it was it Shadow

NSA did they create it was it Shadow

NSA did they create it was it Shadow Brokers was an NSA thing I forget but

Brokers was an NSA thing I forget but

Brokers was an NSA thing I forget but basically it's an exploit that you can

basically it's an exploit that you can

basically it's an exploit that you can run with zero credentials so you can do

run with zero credentials so you can do

run with zero credentials so you can do a scan with net exec or with nmap and

a scan with net exec or with nmap and

a scan with net exec or with nmap and you can look for machines that have that

you can look for machines that have that

you can look for machines that have that are vulnerable to Eternal blue and with

are vulnerable to Eternal blue and with

are vulnerable to Eternal blue and with zero credentials you can just get

zero credentials you can just get

zero credentials you can just get administrator on any machine if they are

administrator on any machine if they are

administrator on any machine if they are vulnerable uh I don't recommend this

vulnerable uh I don't recommend this

vulnerable uh I don't recommend this it's very unstable which means in a

it's very unstable which means in a

it's very unstable which means in a pentest if you're pentesting a company

pentest if you're pentesting a company

pentest if you're pentesting a company that has tons and tons of people uh and

that has tons and tons of people uh and

that has tons and tons of people uh and tons of machines depending on domain

tons of machines depending on domain

tons of machines depending on domain control you do not want to run it

control you do not want to run it

control you do not want to run it because as pentesters people already

because as pentesters people already

because as pentesters people already think we're evil so you don't want to go

think we're evil so you don't want to go

think we're evil so you don't want to go break their systems you know so this is

break their systems you know so this is

break their systems you know so this is the kind of thing that you can detect

the kind of thing that you can detect

the kind of thing that you can detect and you put on a report but preferably

and you put on a report but preferably

and you put on a report but preferably you do not run it okay but if you're

you do not run it okay but if you're

you do not run it okay but if you're doing like a hack the Box Lab it's okay

doing like a hack the Box Lab it's okay

doing like a hack the Box Lab it's okay you can do that nobody else is using by

you can do that nobody else is using by

you can do that nobody else is using by you I guess that's true uh zero logun is

you I guess that's true uh zero logun is

you I guess that's true uh zero logun is another vulnerability it's slightly more

another vulnerability it's slightly more

another vulnerability it's slightly more recent I think it's yep from 2020 and

recent I think it's yep from 2020 and

recent I think it's yep from 2020 and this is a vulnerability in the net logon

this is a vulnerability in the net logon

this is a vulnerability in the net logon protocol that basically so uh Max you're

protocol that basically so uh Max you're

protocol that basically so uh Max you're good at crypto uh they had an AES key

good at crypto uh they had an AES key

good at crypto uh they had an AES key with a hardcoded IV and the IV was

with a hardcoded IV and the IV was

with a hardcoded IV and the IV was Zero uh so somebody discovered that and

Zero uh so somebody discovered that and

Zero uh so somebody discovered that and they figured out that you can basically

they figured out that you can basically

they figured out that you can basically break the encryption on net logon which

break the encryption on net logon which

break the encryption on net logon which is a net a log on Pro protocol on

is a net a log on Pro protocol on

is a net a log on Pro protocol on Windows you can change the password to

Windows you can change the password to

Windows you can change the password to whatever you want and log on to the

whatever you want and log on to the

whatever you want and log on to the domain controller you have access to

domain controller you have access to

domain controller you have access to everything remember on the domain

everything remember on the domain

everything remember on the domain controllers is the ntds.dit file all the

controllers is the ntds.dit file all the

controllers is the ntds.dit file all the passwords of all the users right now uh

passwords of all the users right now uh

passwords of all the users right now uh also you shouldn't run this unless you

also you shouldn't run this unless you

also you shouldn't run this unless you know what you're doing and I I'm saying

know what you're doing and I I'm saying

know what you're doing and I I'm saying that because in a pentest at cbtc

that because in a pentest at cbtc

that because in a pentest at cbtc globals I ran this and I forgot to undo

globals I ran this and I forgot to undo

globals I ran this and I forgot to undo the

the

the exploit and later the competition people

exploit and later the competition people

exploit and later the competition people came in cptcs kind of like a role

came in cptcs kind of like a role

came in cptcs kind of like a role playing competition Loki cuz you pretend

playing competition Loki cuz you pretend

playing competition Loki cuz you pretend like you're doing an actual pentest they

like you're doing an actual pentest they

like you're doing an actual pentest they came in and they were like planes are

came in and they were like planes are

came in and they were like planes are being grounded people are dying uh

being grounded people are dying uh

being grounded people are dying uh there's like a heart transplant that's

there's like a heart transplant that's

there's like a heart transplant that's going to happen but it can't get to the

going to happen but it can't get to the

going to happen but it can't get to the other state because you shut down the

other state because you shut down the

other state because you shut down the whole airport cuz I shut down the whole

whole airport cuz I shut down the whole

whole airport cuz I shut down the whole airport

airport

airport accidentally

accidentally

accidentally um uh so basically if you set the

um uh so basically if you set the

um uh so basically if you set the password if you reset the password you

password if you reset the password you

password if you reset the password you have to put it back right um but you

have to put it back right um but you

have to put it back right um but you know just be wary of that

know just be wary of that

know just be wary of that uh I'm this is stuff that I didn't

uh I'm this is stuff that I didn't

uh I'm this is stuff that I didn't include last year I didn't include the

include last year I didn't include the

include last year I didn't include the like the like safety precautions which

like the like safety precautions which

like the like safety precautions which was not good because because we got we

was not good because because we got we

was not good because because we got we didn't do that well at globals

didn't do that well at globals

didn't do that well at globals specifically because we were not being

specifically because we were not being

specifically because we were not being safe so when all of you continue to do

safe so when all of you continue to do

safe so when all of you continue to do cptc or whatever just remember to be

cptc or whatever just remember to be

cptc or whatever just remember to be safe okay all right uh let's talk about

safe okay all right uh let's talk about

safe okay all right uh let's talk about SMB um I love SMB it's the best protocol

SMB um I love SMB it's the best protocol

SMB um I love SMB it's the best protocol it's like the main one you have to use

it's like the main one you have to use

it's like the main one you have to use when you get on a network there's two

when you get on a network there's two

when you get on a network there's two different types of log on you should be

different types of log on you should be

different types of log on you should be trying if you don't have credentials

trying if you don't have credentials

trying if you don't have credentials sometimes in a pentest they will give

sometimes in a pentest they will give

sometimes in a pentest they will give you credentials to start off because you

you credentials to start off because you

you credentials to start off because you can pretend that you are like an Insider

can pretend that you are like an Insider

can pretend that you are like an Insider threat right like Adam got hired for

threat right like Adam got hired for

threat right like Adam got hired for this company's evil right they'll give

this company's evil right they'll give

this company's evil right they'll give you the atom credentials and you can do

you the atom credentials and you can do

you the atom credentials and you can do stuff but sometimes you're not going to

stuff but sometimes you're not going to

stuff but sometimes you're not going to have credentials especially in a box uh

have credentials especially in a box uh

have credentials especially in a box uh and there's two types of logon you want

and there's two types of logon you want

and there's two types of logon you want to try Anonymous log on which is guest

to try Anonymous log on which is guest

to try Anonymous log on which is guest log on that's when you have a username

log on that's when you have a username

log on that's when you have a username any username and no password and this

any username and no password and this

any username and no password and this allows you to view shares and do this

allows you to view shares and do this

allows you to view shares and do this technique called a rid brute which I'll

technique called a rid brute which I'll

technique called a rid brute which I'll talk about later to view all the users

talk about later to view all the users

talk about later to view all the users and null log on which very rarely exists

and null log on which very rarely exists

and null log on which very rarely exists but when it does is typically only on a

but when it does is typically only on a

but when it does is typically only on a domain controller will allow you to view

domain controller will allow you to view

domain controller will allow you to view shares users groups and password policy

shares users groups and password policy

shares users groups and password policy okay I've only seen this like once in a

okay I've only seen this like once in a

okay I've only seen this like once in a lab like no log on but it does exist

lab like no log on but it does exist

lab like no log on but it does exist sometimes although it's rare

sometimes although it's rare

sometimes although it's rare nowadays um here's me using at the top

nowadays um here's me using at the top

nowadays um here's me using at the top Anonymous log on you can see that I'm

Anonymous log on you can see that I'm

Anonymous log on you can see that I'm using the username a uh you can do

using the username a uh you can do

using the username a uh you can do whatever you want I always do a because

whatever you want I always do a because

whatever you want I always do a because it's the shortest thing um and I do no

it's the shortest thing um and I do no

it's the shortest thing um and I do no password and I say shares and N exec

password and I say shares and N exec

password and I say shares and N exec will spit out all the shares and my

will spit out all the shares and my

will spit out all the shares and my permissions it'll say I can read the IPC

permissions it'll say I can read the IPC

permissions it'll say I can read the IPC share I can read and write the it share

share I can read and write the it share

share I can read and write the it share I can read the user share okay uh here's

I can read the user share okay uh here's

I can read the user share okay uh here's no log on in this case it's giving me a

no log on in this case it's giving me a

no log on in this case it's giving me a status access

status access

status access denied uh I guess I'll talk about that

denied uh I guess I'll talk about that

denied uh I guess I'll talk about that later uh any questions yeah what do you

later uh any questions yeah what do you

later uh any questions yeah what do you mean that a is the shortest uh that's

mean that a is the shortest uh that's

mean that a is the shortest uh that's just basically you want to type in a

just basically you want to type in a

just basically you want to type in a nonnull user so I pick a user that's one

nonnull user so I pick a user that's one

nonnull user so I pick a user that's one character because it's fast to type and

character because it's fast to type and

character because it's fast to type and I go for a probably because my name is

I go for a probably because my name is

I go for a probably because my name is Adam uh you can do whatever you want I

Adam uh you can do whatever you want I

Adam uh you can do whatever you want I see a lot of people they type in guest

see a lot of people they type in guest

see a lot of people they type in guest so they can be more explicit um but so

so they can be more explicit um but so

so they can be more explicit um but so this is actually an old screenshot

this is actually an old screenshot

this is actually an old screenshot nowadays n exec will actually show you

nowadays n exec will actually show you

nowadays n exec will actually show you if it's guest log on it'll print out

if it's guest log on it'll print out

if it's guest log on it'll print out guest which is nice that Mak sense okay

guest which is nice that Mak sense okay

guest which is nice that Mak sense okay other

questions I'm already burning out my

questions I'm already burning out my voice um okay now let's say you have

voice um okay now let's say you have

voice um okay now let's say you have access to a share right so here we have

access to a share right so here we have

access to a share right so here we have access to the it share we can read and

access to the it share we can read and

access to the it share we can read and write uh this is atire a totally

write uh this is atire a totally

write uh this is atire a totally different lab but in this case I have a

different lab but in this case I have a

different lab but in this case I have a username and a password uh so what I do

username and a password uh so what I do

username and a password uh so what I do is I use SMB client.py which is part of

is I use SMB client.py which is part of

is I use SMB client.py which is part of the impacket library to log in with a

the impacket library to log in with a

the impacket library to log in with a username a password and an IP address I

username a password and an IP address I

username a password and an IP address I can list all the shares here's the

can list all the shares here's the

can list all the shares here's the shares and to use a share I say use and

shares and to use a share I say use and

shares and to use a share I say use and the name of the share and then I type LS

the name of the share and then I type LS

the name of the share and then I type LS and I can do cat and I can do get and

and I can do cat and I can do get and

and I can do cat and I can do get and put uh and in this case there's nothing

put uh and in this case there's nothing

put uh and in this case there's nothing in the share right but this is how you

in the share right but this is how you

in the share right but this is how you would do stuff with SB client make sense

would do stuff with SB client make sense

would do stuff with SB client make sense Andre why would you do

Andre why would you do

Andre why would you do that what do you mean

that what do you mean

that what do you mean like

like yeah that's ex so this is just printing

yeah that's ex so this is just printing

yeah that's ex so this is just printing out the things that exist yeah n exec

out the things that exist yeah n exec

out the things that exist yeah n exec can upload files and download files and

can upload files and download files and

can upload files and download files and list files but I just prefer to useb

list files but I just prefer to useb

list files but I just prefer to useb client it's a little bit nicer okay yeah

client it's a little bit nicer okay yeah

client it's a little bit nicer okay yeah okay uh so another thing you can do is

okay uh so another thing you can do is

okay uh so another thing you can do is password spraying now before I talk

password spraying now before I talk

password spraying now before I talk about password spraying I'm going to

about password spraying I'm going to

about password spraying I'm going to talk about the safety precautions so

talk about the safety precautions so

talk about the safety precautions so that nobody goes to Global cptc and

that nobody goes to Global cptc and

that nobody goes to Global cptc and shuts down the whole domain okay so you

shuts down the whole domain okay so you

shuts down the whole domain okay so you can see there's this argument with an

can see there's this argument with an

can see there's this argument with an exit called pass Paul password policy

exit called pass Paul password policy

exit called pass Paul password policy it'll tell me the complexity here it

it'll tell me the complexity here it

it'll tell me the complexity here it says password complexity flag

says password complexity flag

says password complexity flag 000000 that means nothing I'm allowed to

000000 that means nothing I'm allowed to

000000 that means nothing I'm allowed to type in the wrong password as many times

type in the wrong password as many times

type in the wrong password as many times as I want I can have as short of a

as I want I can have as short of a

as I want I can have as short of a password as I want ET Etc actually here

password as I want ET Etc actually here

password as I want ET Etc actually here it says minimum password length five

it says minimum password length five

it says minimum password length five maximum history length 24 that means it

maximum history length 24 that means it

maximum history length 24 that means it saves the last 24 passwords crazy right

saves the last 24 passwords crazy right

saves the last 24 passwords crazy right yeah hashes or passwords hashes yeah so

yeah hashes or passwords hashes yeah so

yeah hashes or passwords hashes yeah so not actually the passwords that shaves

not actually the passwords that shaves

not actually the passwords that shaves saves the hash passwords uh but now that

saves the hash passwords uh but now that

saves the hash passwords uh but now that I see that there's no lockout policy I

I see that there's no lockout policy I

I see that there's no lockout policy I can Brute Force as much as I want so I

can Brute Force as much as I want so I

can Brute Force as much as I want so I got a password here I have a heart a

got a password here I have a heart a

got a password here I have a heart a password called Hearts Spain for a

password called Hearts Spain for a

password called Hearts Spain for a specific user I I might as well just try

specific user I I might as well just try

specific user I I might as well just try it for all the users right maybe this

it for all the users right maybe this

it for all the users right maybe this user this person has two users uh maybe

user this person has two users uh maybe

user this person has two users uh maybe multiple users use the same password

multiple users use the same password

multiple users use the same password when I was in well if you if you look at

when I was in well if you if you look at

when I was in well if you if you look at passwords of people in gamesville

passwords of people in gamesville

passwords of people in gamesville there's a lot of people that have a

there's a lot of people that have a

there's a lot of people that have a password go Gators or they have a

password go Gators or they have a

password go Gators or they have a password that's like Go Gainesville

password that's like Go Gainesville

password that's like Go Gainesville Florida Sunshine whatever you know

Florida Sunshine whatever you know

Florida Sunshine whatever you know people love that yeah how do you know

people love that yeah how do you know

people love that yeah how do you know that a lot of people have those

that a lot of people have those

that a lot of people have those password uh you can find password dumps

password uh you can find password dumps

password uh you can find password dumps online some of which have IP addresses

online some of which have IP addresses

online some of which have IP addresses and you can download the data and

and you can download the data and

and you can download the data and correlate them so you can look at the

correlate them so you can look at the

correlate them so you can look at the passwords that are common in regions

passwords that are common in regions

passwords that are common in regions like in Austin I saw a lot of people

like in Austin I saw a lot of people

like in Austin I saw a lot of people that said go Longhorns UT

that said go Longhorns UT

that said go Longhorns UT Austin uh like I love brisket you know

Austin uh like I love brisket you know

Austin uh like I love brisket you know like yeah know stuff like that and you

like yeah know stuff like that and you

like yeah know stuff like that and you can you can come up with your own word

can you can come up with your own word

can you can come up with your own word lists based on things that are common in

lists based on things that are common in

lists based on things that are common in regions yep how common is it for

regions yep how common is it for

regions yep how common is it for password complexity to be like infinite

password complexity to be like infinite

password complexity to be like infinite Tri uh I would say it's uncommon because

Tri uh I would say it's uncommon because

Tri uh I would say it's uncommon because it's one of those things that are it's

it's one of those things that are it's

it's one of those things that are it's just so I I wouldn't know cuz I haven't

just so I I wouldn't know cuz I haven't

just so I I wouldn't know cuz I haven't really done any like actual pen tests or

really done any like actual pen tests or

really done any like actual pen tests or I've done one actual pest uh I I would

I've done one actual pest uh I I would

I've done one actual pest uh I I would say most companies are hopefully smart

say most companies are hopefully smart

say most companies are hopefully smart enough to do the simplest security

enough to do the simplest security

enough to do the simplest security configuration which is password

configuration which is password

configuration which is password policy um but yeah you can hear this is

policy um but yeah you can hear this is

policy um but yeah you can hear this is a tool that lets you make a custom word

a tool that lets you make a custom word

a tool that lets you make a custom word list for password cracking so you can

list for password cracking so you can

list for password cracking so you can actually search through all of ldap at

actually search through all of ldap at

actually search through all of ldap at UF and you can see that things are

UF and you can see that things are

UF and you can see that things are called UF UFL students Gators and it'll

called UF UFL students Gators and it'll

called UF UFL students Gators and it'll automatically create a word list of all

automatically create a word list of all

automatically create a word list of all the common based on like common words in

the common based on like common words in

the common based on like common words in the domain um also remember you can use

the domain um also remember you can use

the domain um also remember you can use local auth an account if you have a

local auth an account if you have a

local auth an account if you have a password that's doing domain log on you

password that's doing domain log on you

password that's doing domain log on you can also try it on the local computer

can also try it on the local computer

can also try it on the local computer okay by the way if I tell you you can do

okay by the way if I tell you you can do

okay by the way if I tell you you can do this what I'm saying is technically you

this what I'm saying is technically you

this what I'm saying is technically you can but you shouldn't remember when I

can but you shouldn't remember when I

can but you shouldn't remember when I mention UF don't do that don't do that

mention UF don't do that don't do that

mention UF don't do that don't do that on the UF Network do it on your own lab

on the UF Network do it on your own lab

on the UF Network do it on your own lab do it on hack the bugs try hack me okay

do it on hack the bugs try hack me okay

do it on hack the bugs try hack me okay okay good here's that technique I

okay good here's that technique I

okay good here's that technique I mentioned called rid brute you can see

mentioned called rid brute you can see

mentioned called rid brute you can see that I'm using Anonymous log on guest

that I'm using Anonymous log on guest

that I'm using Anonymous log on guest log on and what this does is it says hey

log on and what this does is it says hey

log on and what this does is it says hey I know that relative identifiers

I know that relative identifiers

I know that relative identifiers typically start with 500 for like

typically start with 500 for like

typically start with 500 for like built-in users and for users that are

built-in users and for users that are

built-in users and for users that are new it starts at 1,000 so it just says

new it starts at 1,000 so it just says

new it starts at 1,000 so it just says hey what is rid 500 and it gets back to

hey what is rid 500 and it gets back to

hey what is rid 500 and it gets back to you and it says it's administrator what

you and it says it's administrator what

you and it says it's administrator what is rid 1000 nothing what is

is rid 1000 nothing what is

is rid 1000 nothing what is 1008 it's the domain controller machine

1008 it's the domain controller machine

1008 it's the domain controller machine account what is 1110 it's you know Etc

account what is 1110 it's you know Etc

account what is 1110 it's you know Etc and you can see here there's a there's

and you can see here there's a there's

and you can see here there's a there's an atom user that's

an atom user that's

an atom user that's 115 it just kind of brute forced and it

115 it just kind of brute forced and it

115 it just kind of brute forced and it said what is rid this if it responds it

said what is rid this if it responds it

said what is rid this if it responds it knows what it is yes Andre can you

knows what it is yes Andre can you

knows what it is yes Andre can you explain how at 49 I thought they started

explain how at 49 I thought they started

explain how at 49 I thought they started at 500 I thought so too but I guess not

at 500 I thought so too but I guess not

at 500 I thought so too but I guess not um yeah so this is really useful you can

um yeah so this is really useful you can

um yeah so this is really useful you can always do this if you have Anonymous log

always do this if you have Anonymous log

always do this if you have Anonymous log on I see a lot of people who are like

on I see a lot of people who are like

on I see a lot of people who are like expert pentesters who don't know this

expert pentesters who don't know this

expert pentesters who don't know this and they're like how do I figure out the

and they're like how do I figure out the

and they're like how do I figure out the usernames this is

usernames this is

usernames this is how Okay uh this is no authentication

how Okay uh this is no authentication

how Okay uh this is no authentication when it actually works here I'm using

when it actually works here I'm using

when it actually works here I'm using zero username zero password I'm asking

zero username zero password I'm asking

zero username zero password I'm asking for the TCT users right that's the users

for the TCT users right that's the users

for the TCT users right that's the users argument and it gives me a list of the

argument and it gives me a list of the

argument and it gives me a list of the usernames the last time they Chang their

usernames the last time they Chang their

usernames the last time they Chang their password all the bad password count and

password all the bad password count and

password all the bad password count and a description you'll notice that here

a description you'll notice that here

a description you'll notice that here there's a password in the description

there's a password in the description

there's a password in the description and the reason that happens sometimes is

and the reason that happens sometimes is

and the reason that happens sometimes is because administrators occasionally do

because administrators occasionally do

because administrators occasionally do not know that the description is public

not know that the description is public

not know that the description is public they think it's just like an internal

they think it's just like an internal

they think it's just like an internal thing but the description is public so

thing but the description is public so

thing but the description is public so that's how I got this user Samuel tarle

that's how I got this user Samuel tarle

that's how I got this user Samuel tarle password heartspan questions about

password heartspan questions about

password heartspan questions about that okay let's see what time it is

that okay let's see what time it is

that okay let's see what time it is oh my God it's 6:30 I'm nowhere near

oh my God it's 6:30 I'm nowhere near

oh my God it's 6:30 I'm nowhere near done uh here's a here's a fun little

done uh here's a here's a fun little

done uh here's a here's a fun little fact SB allows you to get code execution

fact SB allows you to get code execution

fact SB allows you to get code execution how crazy is that SMB is just a

how crazy is that SMB is just a

how crazy is that SMB is just a fileshare protocol why can we execute

fileshare protocol why can we execute

fileshare protocol why can we execute code I don't know because it's Windows

code I don't know because it's Windows

code I don't know because it's Windows uh if you're a local

uh if you're a local

uh if you're a local administrator uh on a machine you can

administrator uh on a machine you can

administrator uh on a machine you can execute commands using something called

execute commands using something called

execute commands using something called SMB exec so here I am using the capital

SMB exec so here I am using the capital

SMB exec so here I am using the capital x argument on N exec which is run as

x argument on N exec which is run as

x argument on N exec which is run as Powershell and it's printing out the PS

Powershell and it's printing out the PS

Powershell and it's printing out the PS version table the Parell version so if

version table the Parell version so if

version table the Parell version so if you if you ever have local admin which

you if you ever have local admin which

you if you ever have local admin which by the way if you have local admin n

by the way if you have local admin n

by the way if you have local admin n exec will print out poned it'll say

exec will print out poned it'll say

exec will print out poned it'll say you've been you've pwned this machine as

you've been you've pwned this machine as

you've been you've pwned this machine as this user uh it'll do that for every

this user uh it'll do that for every

this user uh it'll do that for every protocol but if if it says pwned that

protocol but if if it says pwned that

protocol but if if it says pwned that means you have code

means you have code

means you have code execution

execution

execution questions yes I guess what's the

questions yes I guess what's the

questions yes I guess what's the difference between a user that has p and

difference between a user that has p and

difference between a user that has p and one that does for SMB it means local

one that does for SMB it means local

one that does for SMB it means local admin is pwned on ldap domain admin is

admin is pwned on ldap domain admin is

admin is pwned on ldap domain admin is pwned okay uh for winrm it's if you're

pwned okay uh for winrm it's if you're

pwned okay uh for winrm it's if you're in the PS remote group that it says

in the PS remote group that it says

in the PS remote group that it says pwned essentially it will say pwned if

pwned essentially it will say pwned if

pwned essentially it will say pwned if there's something that allows you to

there's something that allows you to

there's something that allows you to execute commands Okay it depends on the

execute commands Okay it depends on the

execute commands Okay it depends on the protocol but pwned means you got onto

protocol but pwned means you got onto

protocol but pwned means you got onto the

the

the machine

machine

machine okay all right there's another thing

okay all right there's another thing

okay all right there's another thing that I do at the beginning of a pent

that I do at the beginning of a pent

that I do at the beginning of a pent test that requires some background uh

test that requires some background uh

test that requires some background uh there's a protocol called llmnr that I

there's a protocol called llmnr that I

there's a protocol called llmnr that I didn't talk about this stands for link

didn't talk about this stands for link

didn't talk about this stands for link local m multicast name resolution you

local m multicast name resolution you

local m multicast name resolution you don't have to worry about what that is

don't have to worry about what that is

don't have to worry about what that is it's basically DNS uh Windows has this

it's basically DNS uh Windows has this

it's basically DNS uh Windows has this thing where if it's enabled on a network

thing where if it's enabled on a network

thing where if it's enabled on a network which it is by default if my computer

which it is by default if my computer

which it is by default if my computer says hey I'm looking for a file share

says hey I'm looking for a file share

says hey I'm looking for a file share called adom and it doesn't exist I go

called adom and it doesn't exist I go

called adom and it doesn't exist I go and requests to every other machine on

and requests to every other machine on

and requests to every other machine on the domain do you know do you know where

the domain do you know do you know where

the domain do you know do you know where Adam is do you know where the file share

Adam is do you know where the file share

Adam is do you know where the file share called adom is and any of them can

called adom is and any of them can

called adom is and any of them can respond with any IP address and my

respond with any IP address and my

respond with any IP address and my computer just believes it no

computer just believes it no

computer just believes it no verification uh which means that you can

verification uh which means that you can

verification uh which means that you can just sit there and respond to every lolr

just sit there and respond to every lolr

just sit there and respond to every lolr request with your IP address so anytime

request with your IP address so anytime

request with your IP address so anytime someone mistypes something it'll make a

someone mistypes something it'll make a

someone mistypes something it'll make a request to your computer now the reason

request to your computer now the reason

request to your computer now the reason that's rough is because every time you

that's rough is because every time you

that's rough is because every time you request with SMB you send over a

request with SMB you send over a

request with SMB you send over a password hash to authenticate which

password hash to authenticate which

password hash to authenticate which means that if I make a fake SMB server

means that if I make a fake SMB server

means that if I make a fake SMB server and I redirect everyone over to my SMB

and I redirect everyone over to my SMB

and I redirect everyone over to my SMB server I can just collect hashes so some

server I can just collect hashes so some

server I can just collect hashes so some pentesters tell me that they just leave

pentesters tell me that they just leave

pentesters tell me that they just leave this running for 24 hours and they get

this running for 24 hours and they get

this running for 24 hours and they get like 5050 hashes and they try to crack

like 5050 hashes and they try to crack

like 5050 hashes and they try to crack this hashes they get passwords they get

this hashes they get passwords they get

this hashes they get passwords they get onto the domain questions about

this Windows see Windows is nice and

this Windows see Windows is nice and easy it makes things you make a typo

easy it makes things you make a typo

easy it makes things you make a typo it'll try to figure it out for you

it'll try to figure it out for you

it'll try to figure it out for you but it'll also do this uh so it's

but it'll also do this uh so it's

but it'll also do this uh so it's enabled by it's enabled by default you

enabled by it's enabled by default you

enabled by it's enabled by default you should disable it Andre you actually

should disable it Andre you actually

should disable it Andre you actually need to crack the half can you just use

need to crack the half can you just use

need to crack the half can you just use the hash to this is not an ntlm hash

the hash to this is not an ntlm hash

the hash to this is not an ntlm hash this is a net nlm hash which does

this is a net nlm hash which does

this is a net nlm hash which does require cracking uh in this case you can

require cracking uh in this case you can

require cracking uh in this case you can see it's a V2 hash which means it's not

see it's a V2 hash which means it's not

see it's a V2 hash which means it's not downgrade to an ntlm

downgrade to an ntlm

downgrade to an ntlm hash

hash

hash okay let's talk about relaying so that

okay let's talk about relaying so that

okay let's talk about relaying so that was something that we call relaying but

was something that we call relaying but

was something that we call relaying but technically relaying is when you capture

technically relaying is when you capture

technically relaying is when you capture a hash and forward it to another host to

a hash and forward it to another host to

a hash and forward it to another host to authenticate it with it so you know like

authenticate it with it so you know like

authenticate it with it so you know like a a relay in a race where you have a

a a relay in a race where you have a

a a relay in a race where you have a little thing and you relay it over to

little thing and you relay it over to

little thing and you relay it over to someone it's the same thing here you

someone it's the same thing here you

someone it's the same thing here you grab a hash and you relay it over to

grab a hash and you relay it over to

grab a hash and you relay it over to another host and you try to authenticate

another host and you try to authenticate

another host and you try to authenticate as the person who authentic D at to you

as the person who authentic D at to you

as the person who authentic D at to you um now sometimes you can capture hash by

um now sometimes you can capture hash by

um now sometimes you can capture hash by doing so that was like getting people to

doing so that was like getting people to

doing so that was like getting people to browse to an SMB share or people doing a

browse to an SMB share or people doing a

browse to an SMB share or people doing a typo through llmnr sometimes there are

typo through llmnr sometimes there are

typo through llmnr sometimes there are exploits that allow you to coer off so

exploits that allow you to coer off so

exploits that allow you to coer off so you can coer someone by exploiting them

you can coer someone by exploiting them

you can coer someone by exploiting them into authenticating to you uh you can

into authenticating to you uh you can

into authenticating to you uh you can also capture a hash by getting a

also capture a hash by getting a

also capture a hash by getting a database to request a file on your SMB

database to request a file on your SMB

database to request a file on your SMB share uh you can do it by sending an

share uh you can do it by sending an

share uh you can do it by sending an email with an image in it uh but the

email with an image in it uh but the

email with an image in it uh but the image points to your SMB share so when

image points to your SMB share so when

image points to your SMB share so when someone opens the email it tries to Rend

someone opens the email it tries to Rend

someone opens the email it tries to Rend the image and it requests the image from

the image and it requests the image from

the image and it requests the image from your SMB share and it tries to

your SMB share and it tries to

your SMB share and it tries to authenticate you can do it by making a

authenticate you can do it by making a

authenticate you can do it by making a website request a file to your SMB share

website request a file to your SMB share

website request a file to your SMB share so let's say you have a website that

so let's say you have a website that

so let's say you have a website that like will render files for you instead

like will render files for you instead

like will render files for you instead of typing in a local path you can type

of typing in a local path you can type

of typing in a local path you can type in a URL and it'll make a request to you

in a URL and it'll make a request to you

in a URL and it'll make a request to you you the attacker and send a hash does

you the attacker and send a hash does

you the attacker and send a hash does that make sense was that confusing no

that make sense was that confusing no

that make sense was that confusing no that makes sense so there's a lot of

that makes sense so there's a lot of

that makes sense so there's a lot of ways that you can get hashes and you can

ways that you can get hashes and you can

ways that you can get hashes and you can try to crack them and get access to

try to crack them and get access to

try to crack them and get access to stuff now if you want to do actual

stuff now if you want to do actual

stuff now if you want to do actual relaying you have to do something and

relaying you have to do something and

relaying you have to do something and that exec will allow you to do this

that exec will allow you to do this

that exec will allow you to do this thing where they generate a relay list

thing where they generate a relay list

thing where they generate a relay list so you know how I mentioned like if you

so you know how I mentioned like if you

so you know how I mentioned like if you coer authentication to you you can send

coer authentication to you you can send

coer authentication to you you can send that hash over to someone else SMB by

that hash over to someone else SMB by

that hash over to someone else SMB by default well on servers only SMB signing

default well on servers only SMB signing

default well on servers only SMB signing is enabled and SMB signing is this thing

is enabled and SMB signing is this thing

is enabled and SMB signing is this thing where it'll say are you really who you

where it'll say are you really who you

where it'll say are you really who you say you are so if SMB signing is

say you are so if SMB signing is

say you are so if SMB signing is disabled you can relay authentication

disabled you can relay authentication

disabled you can relay authentication from another person over to you and just

from another person over to you and just

from another person over to you and just pretend you're that other person and the

pretend you're that other person and the

pretend you're that other person and the server will not check if you're actually

server will not check if you're actually

server will not check if you're actually who you say you are does that make sense

who you say you are does that make sense

who you say you are does that make sense so if I want to do that kind of exploit

so if I want to do that kind of exploit

so if I want to do that kind of exploit one second I would do I would generate a

one second I would do I would generate a

one second I would do I would generate a relay list with net exec and this is

relay list with net exec and this is

relay list with net exec and this is just going to find every machine that

just going to find every machine that

just going to find every machine that has SMB signing disabled and it'll tell

has SMB signing disabled and it'll tell

has SMB signing disabled and it'll tell me these are the machines that are

me these are the machines that are

me these are the machines that are vulnerable these are the machines you

vulnerable these are the machines you

vulnerable these are the machines you can trick and lie to

can trick and lie to

can trick and lie to Colin requires the hash as

Colin requires the hash as

Colin requires the hash as well this this would be with a net nlm

well this this would be with a net nlm

well this this would be with a net nlm hash uh so it's not past the hash this

hash uh so it's not past the hash this

hash uh so it's not past the hash this is a relay

is a relay

is a relay attack um Andre

attack um Andre

attack um Andre that email yeah do that requ any user

that email yeah do that requ any user

that email yeah do that requ any user interaction or does

interaction or does

interaction or does it it does so you might have noticed

it it does so you might have noticed

it it does so you might have noticed that on on Outlook for your school email

that on on Outlook for your school email

that on on Outlook for your school email if it doesn't trust the email it will

if it doesn't trust the email it will

if it doesn't trust the email it will not load the image it'll be like do you

not load the image it'll be like do you

not load the image it'll be like do you want to load this image hases anyone

want to load this image hases anyone

want to load this image hases anyone realize that this is one of the reasons

realize that this is one of the reasons

realize that this is one of the reasons why is because now just one of the

why is because now just one of the

why is because now just one of the reasons but this is one reason is they

reasons but this is one reason is they

reasons but this is one reason is they don't want you to load a for image and

don't want you to load a for image and

don't want you to load a for image and send credentials over or hashes over

send credentials over or hashes over

send credentials over or hashes over Okay so so one of the cool things you

Okay so so one of the cool things you

Okay so so one of the cool things you can do is there's a module in Ed exit

can do is there's a module in Ed exit

can do is there's a module in Ed exit called Slinky so uh there's a link file

called Slinky so uh there's a link file

called Slinky so uh there's a link file in Windows that's basically a shortcut

in Windows that's basically a shortcut

in Windows that's basically a shortcut every link file has an image like a

every link file has an image like a

every link file has an image like a image preview if you can for example

image preview if you can for example

image preview if you can for example write to an SMB share you can upload a

write to an SMB share you can upload a

write to an SMB share you can upload a lnk file that has an image that points

lnk file that has an image that points

lnk file that has an image that points to your malicious SMB server so that way

to your malicious SMB server so that way

to your malicious SMB server so that way anytime someone just opens a

anytime someone just opens a

anytime someone just opens a folder it'll try to preview the image

folder it'll try to preview the image

folder it'll try to preview the image and'll authenticate now this can be in

and'll authenticate now this can be in

and'll authenticate now this can be in other places than just an SMB share but

other places than just an SMB share but

other places than just an SMB share but an SMB share is the most likely because

an SMB share is the most likely because

an SMB share is the most likely because you can write to that remotely does that

you can write to that remotely does that

you can write to that remotely does that make sense yeah okay now let's talk

make sense yeah okay now let's talk

make sense yeah okay now let's talk about some coion exploits I'm going to

about some coion exploits I'm going to

about some coion exploits I'm going to go through this quickly because they're

go through this quickly because they're

go through this quickly because they're kind of complicated and you don't really

kind of complicated and you don't really

kind of complicated and you don't really have to fully understand how they work

have to fully understand how they work

have to fully understand how they work and also there's uh we're a little bit

and also there's uh we're a little bit

and also there's uh we're a little bit behind I probably should have known uh

behind I probably should have known uh

behind I probably should have known uh there's a exploit called patite patam

there's a exploit called patite patam

there's a exploit called patite patam which is I think from like 20121 or 2022

which is I think from like 20121 or 2022

which is I think from like 20121 or 2022 that allows you to course a Windows host

that allows you to course a Windows host

that allows you to course a Windows host to authenticate so this isn't like a

to authenticate so this isn't like a

to authenticate so this isn't like a miscon configuration this is an exploit

miscon configuration this is an exploit

miscon configuration this is an exploit and it's an exploit in RPC uh so you can

and it's an exploit in RPC uh so you can

and it's an exploit in RPC uh so you can run petite patam and course it to

run petite patam and course it to

run petite patam and course it to authenticate to wherever you want

authenticate to wherever you want

authenticate to wherever you want there's also one called Shadow course

there's also one called Shadow course

there's also one called Shadow course it's very similar except it's in the

it's very similar except it's in the

it's very similar except it's in the file server remote vsss protocol don't

file server remote vsss protocol don't

file server remote vsss protocol don't worry about that what that means uh but

worry about that what that means uh but

worry about that what that means uh but this only exists if this particular

this only exists if this particular

this only exists if this particular service FS uh RVP is enabled on the

service FS uh RVP is enabled on the

service FS uh RVP is enabled on the machine uh there's also things to

machine uh there's also things to

machine uh there's also things to automatically CO as of like a week ago n

automatically CO as of like a week ago n

automatically CO as of like a week ago n exec has a module called coer plus that

exec has a module called coer plus that

exec has a module called coer plus that lets you pass in an IP address which is

lets you pass in an IP address which is

lets you pass in an IP address which is going to be your malicious IP address

going to be your malicious IP address

going to be your malicious IP address and it'll just automatically go through

and it'll just automatically go through

and it'll just automatically go through all the machines and say DFS course

all the machines and say DFS course

all the machines and say DFS course petite patam uh printer bug Ms even

petite patam uh printer bug Ms even

petite patam uh printer bug Ms even it'll just go through a bunch of corion

it'll just go through a bunch of corion

it'll just go through a bunch of corion vulnerabilities it'll try to exploit

vulnerabilities it'll try to exploit

vulnerabilities it'll try to exploit them uh there's one that I like a little

them uh there's one that I like a little

them uh there's one that I like a little bit better which is called coercer and

bit better which is called coercer and

bit better which is called coercer and this is one that will go through every

this is one that will go through every

this is one that will go through every single RPC endpoint and it's much more

single RPC endpoint and it's much more

single RPC endpoint and it's much more thorough and it has just one more

thorough and it has just one more

thorough and it has just one more coercion bug I believe uh it'll do the

coercion bug I believe uh it'll do the

coercion bug I believe uh it'll do the same thing it'll go through a ton of RPC

same thing it'll go through a ton of RPC

same thing it'll go through a ton of RPC endpoints it'll go through a ton of

endpoints it'll go through a ton of

endpoints it'll go through a ton of hosts and it'll try to coarse

hosts and it'll try to coarse

hosts and it'll try to coarse authentication over to your listener

authentication over to your listener

authentication over to your listener which is going to be your malicious IP

which is going to be your malicious IP

which is going to be your malicious IP address are people getting confused

address are people getting confused

address are people getting confused now no I'm surprised good job I'm proud

now no I'm surprised good job I'm proud

now no I'm surprised good job I'm proud of you uh any

of you uh any

of you uh any questions okay are people not asking

questions okay are people not asking

questions okay are people not asking questions because they just don't know

questions because they just don't know

questions because they just don't know what to ask yes yeah so so it's what

what to ask yes yeah so so it's what

what to ask yes yeah so so it's what exactly trying to do what is coercer

exactly trying to do what is coercer

exactly trying to do what is coercer yeah what it coercer so I give it a a

yeah what it coercer so I give it a a

yeah what it coercer so I give it a a list of hosts

list of hosts

list of hosts and I give it a username and a password

and I give it a username and a password

and I give it a username and a password which is not necessary but usually you

which is not necessary but usually you

which is not necessary but usually you kind of have to have one and I give it a

kind of have to have one and I give it a

kind of have to have one and I give it a listener so what this is doing is it's

listener so what this is doing is it's

listener so what this is doing is it's looping through all the IP addresses in

looping through all the IP addresses in

looping through all the IP addresses in the host file and it's trying to get

the host file and it's trying to get

the host file and it's trying to get those hosts to authenticate to me which

those hosts to authenticate to me which

those hosts to authenticate to me which is the listener IP address does that

is the listener IP address does that

is the listener IP address does that makes sense so far and it's doing this

makes sense so far and it's doing this

makes sense so far and it's doing this using like the image methods like

using like the image methods like

using like the image methods like different in this case it's using

different in this case it's using

different in this case it's using vulnerabilities exploits so the this

vulnerabilities exploits so the this

vulnerabilities exploits so the this thing was like a misconfiguration you

thing was like a misconfiguration you

thing was like a misconfiguration you should not let random person right to an

should not let random person right to an

should not let random person right to an SMB share right but this is going to be

SMB share right but this is going to be

SMB share right but this is going to be using

using

using exploits that makes sense okay so it's

exploits that makes sense okay so it's

exploits that makes sense okay so it's like automatic it's automatic yeah this

like automatic it's automatic yeah this

like automatic it's automatic yeah this is very useful it'll just go through

is very useful it'll just go through

is very useful it'll just go through everything sometimes I have no idea what

everything sometimes I have no idea what

everything sometimes I have no idea what it's doing but it works and I'm like

it's doing but it works and I'm like

it's doing but it works and I'm like fantastic it worked I got a hash that's

fantastic it worked I got a hash that's

fantastic it worked I got a hash that's nice okay now if you want to receive

nice okay now if you want to receive

nice okay now if you want to receive those hashes you can use a tool called

those hashes you can use a tool called

those hashes you can use a tool called responder so here I am running responder

responder so here I am running responder

responder so here I am running responder on my tun tunnel interface which is my

on my tun tunnel interface which is my

on my tun tunnel interface which is my VP SC interface and every time someone

VP SC interface and every time someone

VP SC interface and every time someone authenticates to me you see over here I

authenticates to me you see over here I

authenticates to me you see over here I got the hash so here I got the hash for

got the hash so here I got the hash for

got the hash so here I got the hash for the Kings Landing machine account which

the Kings Landing machine account which

the Kings Landing machine account which by the way in Windows all machine

by the way in Windows all machine

by the way in Windows all machine accounts end with a dollar sign so

accounts end with a dollar sign so

accounts end with a dollar sign so that's how I know that this is a machine

that's how I know that this is a machine

that's how I know that this is a machine account is it says Kings Landing dollar

account is it says Kings Landing dollar

account is it says Kings Landing dollar sign and I he I see the hash here so if

sign and I he I see the hash here so if

sign and I he I see the hash here so if I want I can copy this over to a file I

I want I can copy this over to a file I

I want I can copy this over to a file I can try to crack it and see if there's a

can try to crack it and see if there's a

can try to crack it and see if there's a user a password I'll give you a hint

user a password I'll give you a hint

user a password I'll give you a hint though you will never crack a computer

though you will never crack a computer

though you will never crack a computer account machine hash because those

account machine hash because those

account machine hash because those hashes are regenerated every month

hashes are regenerated every month

hashes are regenerated every month they're I think 128 characters long and

they're I think 128 characters long and

they're I think 128 characters long and some of the characters are not even

some of the characters are not even

some of the characters are not even human readable so basically you're never

human readable so basically you're never

human readable so basically you're never going to crack those hashes

going to crack those hashes

going to crack those hashes ever but if it's like a user account you

ever but if it's like a user account you

ever but if it's like a user account you probably can or you maybe can right yeah

probably can or you maybe can right yeah

probably can or you maybe can right yeah what is your machine a machine account

what is your machine a machine account

what is your machine a machine account so there's user accounts right every

so there's user accounts right every

so there's user accounts right every computer this computer has a machine

computer this computer has a machine

computer this computer has a machine account which is like an account that is

account which is like an account that is

account which is like an account that is used for connecting to the domain and

used for connecting to the domain and

used for connecting to the domain and doing things related to the system right

doing things related to the system right

doing things related to the system right um I don't really fully know why there

um I don't really fully know why there

um I don't really fully know why there are machine accounts to be honest

are machine accounts to be honest

are machine accounts to be honest because they certainly could have gone

because they certainly could have gone

because they certainly could have gone another route but yeah yes that's

another route but yeah yes that's

another route but yeah yes that's different from the system account which

different from the system account which

different from the system account which deals with like Services that's correct

deals with like Services that's correct

deals with like Services that's correct this machine account is a domain account

this machine account is a domain account

this machine account is a domain account whereas the system account is local are

whereas the system account is local are

whereas the system account is local are machine accounts like log or just

machine accounts like log or just

machine accounts like log or just something technically you can log in so

something technically you can log in so

something technically you can log in so the zero log on exploit lets you reset

the zero log on exploit lets you reset

the zero log on exploit lets you reset the machine account password you can log

the machine account password you can log

the machine account password you can log in as a machine account and then you

in as a machine account and then you

in as a machine account and then you become n Authority

system uh yes you are there ways to make

system uh yes you are there ways to make sure your own hat is generated with

sure your own hat is generated with

sure your own hat is generated with non-readable characters likewise that

non-readable characters likewise that

non-readable characters likewise that with useres so let's say let's say

with useres so let's say let's say

with useres so let's say let's say you're a user and you want to log in how

you're a user and you want to log in how

you're a user and you want to log in how do you type the a non-readable

do you type the a non-readable

do you type the a non-readable character you know what I mean yeah okay

character you know what I mean yeah okay

character you know what I mean yeah okay I think it's technically possible I know

I think it's technically possible I know

I think it's technically possible I know the H keys because I did it by accident

the H keys because I did it by accident

the H keys because I did it by accident once maybe uh you

that's correct you should not be

that's correct you should not be accessing them manually attackers will

accessing them manually attackers will

accessing them manually attackers will do it and you can use that as a

do it and you can use that as a

do it and you can use that as a detection but there you will like

detection but there you will like

detection but there you will like machine accounts are logged into on a

machine accounts are logged into on a

machine accounts are logged into on a regular basis by other machine accounts

regular basis by other machine accounts

regular basis by other machine accounts so sometimes it's hard to

so sometimes it's hard to

so sometimes it's hard to determine you know Andre what do you

determine you know Andre what do you

determine you know Andre what do you mean other machines are loged into my

mean other machines are loged into my

mean other machines are loged into my Mach like the domain controller oh yeah

Mach like the domain controller oh yeah

Mach like the domain controller oh yeah okay I wonder how many slides I have

okay I wonder how many slides I have

okay I wonder how many slides I have left um

left um

left um okay so here's how you relay hashes

okay so here's how you relay hashes

okay so here's how you relay hashes here's how you do an actual relay attack

here's how you do an actual relay attack

here's how you do an actual relay attack there's three steps one you generate the

there's three steps one you generate the

there's three steps one you generate the relay list and I'm calling it tf. text

relay list and I'm calling it tf. text

relay list and I'm calling it tf. text this is the list of hosts with SMB

this is the list of hosts with SMB

this is the list of hosts with SMB signing disabled SMB signing is disabled

signing disabled SMB signing is disabled

signing disabled SMB signing is disabled by default on workstations like user

by default on workstations like user

by default on workstations like user accounts but it's enabled by default on

accounts but it's enabled by default on

accounts but it's enabled by default on servers so if you see a server with SMB

servers so if you see a server with SMB

servers so if you see a server with SMB signing disabled that's rough there are

signing disabled that's rough there are

signing disabled that's rough there are legitimate reasons to disable SMB

legitimate reasons to disable SMB

legitimate reasons to disable SMB signing because it makes things take

signing because it makes things take

signing because it makes things take longer but

longer but

longer but eh it should be enabled I think it is

eh it should be enabled I think it is

eh it should be enabled I think it is enabled by default on Windows 11 and

enabled by default on Windows 11 and

enabled by default on Windows 11 and server 2025 the next thing you do is you

server 2025 the next thing you do is you

server 2025 the next thing you do is you set up your listener this is a tool

set up your listener this is a tool

set up your listener this is a tool called ntlm relay X and I'm passing in

called ntlm relay X and I'm passing in

called ntlm relay X and I'm passing in my file of targets and I'm also enabling

my file of targets and I'm also enabling

my file of targets and I'm also enabling smb2 which you kind of have to do in a

smb2 which you kind of have to do in a

smb2 which you kind of have to do in a lot of impacket tools I don't know why

lot of impacket tools I don't know why

lot of impacket tools I don't know why but you just do it and this is a cool

but you just do it and this is a cool

but you just do it and this is a cool tool where any time it receives a hash

tool where any time it receives a hash

tool where any time it receives a hash it'll try to forward the hash over to

it'll try to forward the hash over to

it'll try to forward the hash over to the vulnerable machines and it'll

the vulnerable machines and it'll

the vulnerable machines and it'll automat atically dump all the passwords

automat atically dump all the passwords

automat atically dump all the passwords on the machine if it's successful you

on the machine if it's successful you

on the machine if it's successful you can also make it automatically give you

can also make it automatically give you

can also make it automatically give you a shell you can also make it

a shell you can also make it

a shell you can also make it automatically give you an elap shell

automatically give you an elap shell

automatically give you an elap shell which is something that lets you modify

which is something that lets you modify

which is something that lets you modify LP properties it can do a lot of stuff

LP properties it can do a lot of stuff

LP properties it can do a lot of stuff by default it just dumps

by default it just dumps

by default it just dumps passwords uh so once you have your

passwords uh so once you have your

passwords uh so once you have your listener set up you course

listener set up you course

listener set up you course authentication

authentication

authentication using uh neec using coercer using

using uh neec using coercer using

using uh neec using coercer using whatever else all right make

whatever else all right make

whatever else all right make sense okay so that's like oh and here's

sense okay so that's like oh and here's

sense okay so that's like oh and here's an example I had to redact a lot of

an example I had to redact a lot of

an example I had to redact a lot of stuff cuz this is from an exam that I

stuff cuz this is from an exam that I

stuff cuz this is from an exam that I took but here's me at the top have I

took but here's me at the top have I

took but here's me at the top have I have my listener at the bottom I ran the

have my listener at the bottom I ran the

have my listener at the bottom I ran the petite patam exploit and you can see it

petite patam exploit and you can see it

petite patam exploit and you can see it dumped the hashes it gave me

dumped the hashes it gave me

dumped the hashes it gave me administrator hash and in this case it's

administrator hash and in this case it's

administrator hash and in this case it's my local hashes my Sam hashes so these

my local hashes my Sam hashes so these

my local hashes my Sam hashes so these are my local account uh and remember

are my local account uh and remember

are my local account uh and remember this is an ntlm hash which means I can

this is an ntlm hash which means I can

this is an ntlm hash which means I can log in I can pass the hash and I can log

in with just the hash without cracking

in with just the hash without cracking the password

the password

the password questions yes the exam that you was easy

I don't know uh I'm not going to say

I don't know uh I'm not going to say which exam it is because I'm putting

which exam it is because I'm putting

which exam it is because I'm putting this recording on YouTube and I don't

this recording on YouTube and I don't

this recording on YouTube and I don't want I don't want people to report me

want I don't want people to report me

want I don't want people to report me but you know I'm definitely allowed to

but you know I'm definitely allowed to

but you know I'm definitely allowed to post I mean I redacted it I think it's

post I mean I redacted it I think it's

post I mean I redacted it I think it's fine but anyway it's from an exam I took

fine but anyway it's from an exam I took

fine but anyway it's from an exam I took yeah what class was it for it was no it

yeah what class was it for it was no it

yeah what class was it for it was no it was for a certification exam

was for a certification exam

was for a certification exam yeah

yeah

yeah okay yes Andre that actually or did you

okay yes Andre that actually or did you

okay yes Andre that actually or did you did I what like

did I what like

did I what like is it just below or is it actually uh

is it just below or is it actually uh

is it just below or is it actually uh yeah technically I probably should have

yeah technically I probably should have

yeah technically I probably should have blacked it out fun fact there are ways

blacked it out fun fact there are ways

blacked it out fun fact there are ways for you to undo pixelation I kind of

for you to undo pixelation I kind of

for you to undo pixelation I kind of forgot about that but it's okay I trust

forgot about that but it's okay I trust

forgot about that but it's okay I trust nobody's going to do that okay so let's

nobody's going to do that okay so let's

nobody's going to do that okay so let's say hopefully you've gotten credentials

say hopefully you've gotten credentials

say hopefully you've gotten credentials by now here are the exploits that need

by now here are the exploits that need

by now here are the exploits that need credentials uh print nightmare is this

credentials uh print nightmare is this

credentials uh print nightmare is this vulnerability a set of vulnerabilities

vulnerability a set of vulnerabilities

vulnerability a set of vulnerabilities that existed in 2021 where someone

that existed in 2021 where someone

that existed in 2021 where someone reported it and it got patched and it

reported it and it got patched and it

reported it and it got patched and it got exploited again and it got patched

got exploited again and it got patched

got exploited again and it got patched and exploited again again and as a

and exploited again again and as a

and exploited again again and as a result we have print nightmare 1 2 3 4

result we have print nightmare 1 2 3 4

result we have print nightmare 1 2 3 4 Hive nightmare ptite patam all of these

Hive nightmare ptite patam all of these

Hive nightmare ptite patam all of these are related and print nightmare in

are related and print nightmare in

are related and print nightmare in particular is something that allows you

particular is something that allows you

particular is something that allows you to exploit an RPC endpoint uh for the

to exploit an RPC endpoint uh for the

to exploit an RPC endpoint uh for the printer driver to get remote code

printer driver to get remote code

printer driver to get remote code execution as an administrator as long as

execution as an administrator as long as

execution as an administrator as long as you have some kind of

you have some kind of

you have some kind of credentials uh that's all you have to

credentials uh that's all you have to

credentials uh that's all you have to know so you can look up online yourself

know so you can look up online yourself

know so you can look up online yourself how to scan it I'll give you a hint that

how to scan it I'll give you a hint that

how to scan it I'll give you a hint that exec will do it for you here's another

exec will do it for you here's another

exec will do it for you here's another vulnerability no called No pack this of

vulnerability no called No pack this of

vulnerability no called No pack this of vulnerability that exists in Kerberos

vulnerability that exists in Kerberos

vulnerability that exists in Kerberos that I'm not going to explain in full

that I'm not going to explain in full

that I'm not going to explain in full but I do think this is so a lot of

but I do think this is so a lot of

but I do think this is so a lot of exploits are like buffer overflows and

exploits are like buffer overflows and

exploits are like buffer overflows and crypto vulnerabilities this is literally

crypto vulnerabilities this is literally

crypto vulnerabilities this is literally just a logic bug somebody put an if

just a logic bug somebody put an if

just a logic bug somebody put an if statement in the wrong place and allowed

statement in the wrong place and allowed

statement in the wrong place and allowed you to become domain

you to become domain

you to become domain admin with any user

admin with any user

admin with any user account uh I really recommend you look

account uh I really recommend you look

account uh I really recommend you look up online how it works cuz I think it's

up online how it works cuz I think it's

up online how it works cuz I think it's really cool if you want I'll send you a

really cool if you want I'll send you a

really cool if you want I'll send you a talk from the guy who discovered it uh a

talk from the guy who discovered it uh a

talk from the guy who discovered it uh a talk that I really like uh here's a list

talk that I really like uh here's a list

talk that I really like uh here's a list of some of the modules this is actually

of some of the modules this is actually

of some of the modules this is actually outdated as of now there's probably like

outdated as of now there's probably like

outdated as of now there's probably like 30% more modules in N exec but you can

30% more modules in N exec but you can

30% more modules in N exec but you can see there's a noack module that will

see there's a noack module that will

see there's a noack module that will check if a domain controller is

check if a domain controller is

check if a domain controller is vulnerable and you can download from

vulnerable and you can download from

vulnerable and you can download from here this tool called noack upy that

here this tool called noack upy that

here this tool called noack upy that will allow you to impersonate whatever

will allow you to impersonate whatever

will allow you to impersonate whatever user you

user you

user you want okay

want okay

want okay questions okay all right let's talk

questions okay all right let's talk

questions okay all right let's talk about ldap let's say you've gone through

about ldap let's say you've gone through

about ldap let's say you've gone through all of andb and you're like I have no

all of andb and you're like I have no

all of andb and you're like I have no idea what to do here's what I would do

idea what to do here's what I would do

idea what to do here's what I would do with

with

with ldap something you can do remember that

ldap something you can do remember that

ldap something you can do remember that as long as you are a user you can scan

as long as you are a user you can scan

as long as you are a user you can scan lb and you can look at all the

lb and you can look at all the

lb and you can look at all the attributes sometimes you can do it

attributes sometimes you can do it

attributes sometimes you can do it without a username so what I'm doing

without a username so what I'm doing

without a username so what I'm doing here is I'm getting the What's called

here is I'm getting the What's called

here is I'm getting the What's called the base naming contexts of a domain

the base naming contexts of a domain

the base naming contexts of a domain controller which tells me that the

controller which tells me that the

controller which tells me that the domain name is snaps. local okay it's DC

domain name is snaps. local okay it's DC

domain name is snaps. local okay it's DC equal snap laabs DC equals local that's

equal snap laabs DC equals local that's

equal snap laabs DC equals local that's all you have to worry about and once I

all you have to worry about and once I

all you have to worry about and once I have that I give it that base and I say

have that I give it that base and I say

have that I give it that base and I say DC snap laabs local I give it a username

DC snap laabs local I give it a username

DC snap laabs local I give it a username and a password I don't know why username

and a password I don't know why username

and a password I don't know why username is D and password is W but it is and it

is D and password is W but it is and it

is D and password is W but it is and it lists out a ton of stuff now this is

lists out a ton of stuff now this is

lists out a ton of stuff now this is going to be really hard for you to read

going to be really hard for you to read

going to be really hard for you to read and it used to confuse me so much it's

and it used to confuse me so much it's

and it used to confuse me so much it's going to take some time for you to know

going to take some time for you to know

going to take some time for you to know what to skip and what to care about but

what to skip and what to care about but

what to skip and what to care about but something you can do is you can use like

something you can do is you can use like

something you can do is you can use like frequency analysis and you can look for

frequency analysis and you can look for

frequency analysis and you can look for Strings that are uncommon so this is a

Strings that are uncommon so this is a

Strings that are uncommon so this is a bash command that will look that will

bash command that will look that will

bash command that will look that will sort by

sort by

sort by uh the frequency of a string and it'll

uh the frequency of a string and it'll

uh the frequency of a string and it'll basically say what's uncommon what isn't

basically say what's uncommon what isn't

basically say what's uncommon what isn't what's more unique right because the

what's more unique right because the

what's more unique right because the unique stuff is probably what you care

unique stuff is probably what you care

unique stuff is probably what you care about and this will give me like a list

about and this will give me like a list

about and this will give me like a list of

of users um now if you want to make this

users um now if you want to make this

users um now if you want to make this easy easier there's also a impacket tool

easy easier there's also a impacket tool

easy easier there's also a impacket tool called get 80 users which will list all

called get 80 users which will list all

called get 80 users which will list all the users and there's also something in

the users and there's also something in

the users and there's also something in N exec that will get the description of

N exec that will get the description of

N exec that will get the description of every user remember I told you that

every user remember I told you that

every user remember I told you that sometimes admins will accidentally put a

sometimes admins will accidentally put a

sometimes admins will accidentally put a password in the description here's the

password in the description here's the

password in the description here's the password of the aid in

password of the aid in

password of the aid in user and it says change password from

user and it says change password from

user and it says change password from default password oh this is another

default password oh this is another

default password oh this is another thing that admins will do is they'll

thing that admins will do is they'll

thing that admins will do is they'll give every new user the same password

give every new user the same password

give every new user the same password and the users are supposed to change it

and the users are supposed to change it

and the users are supposed to change it but sometimes they don't so if you find

but sometimes they don't so if you find

but sometimes they don't so if you find a default password you should try it for

a default password you should try it for

a default password you should try it for all the users right assuming lockup

all the users right assuming lockup

all the users right assuming lockup policy is unique

policy is unique

policy is unique is Chill enough lacks enough um now

is Chill enough lacks enough um now

is Chill enough lacks enough um now something I will note the the point of

something I will note the the point of

something I will note the the point of password spraying is like typically the

password spraying is like typically the

password spraying is like typically the lockup policy is if you log in more than

lockup policy is if you log in more than

lockup policy is if you log in more than three times incorrectly it locks you out

three times incorrectly it locks you out

three times incorrectly it locks you out or it locks the user out which is bad

or it locks the user out which is bad

or it locks the user out which is bad one second um password spraying is great

one second um password spraying is great

one second um password spraying is great because you only try one log on on every

because you only try one log on on every

because you only try one log on on every user so every user has one out of three

user so every user has one out of three

user so every user has one out of three strikes that's okay you know but if you

strikes that's okay you know but if you

strikes that's okay you know but if you lock out a user in an Enterprise

lock out a user in an Enterprise

lock out a user in an Enterprise environment like let's say you lock out

environment like let's say you lock out

environment like let's say you lock out the CEO that's kind of rough because the

the CEO that's kind of rough because the

the CEO that's kind of rough because the CEO is going to go to his board meeting

CEO is going to go to his board meeting

CEO is going to go to his board meeting and he going to talk to the investors

and he going to talk to the investors

and he going to talk to the investors and be like H I can't log in so that's

and be like H I can't log in so that's

and be like H I can't log in so that's why you don't want to lock out users

why you don't want to lock out users

why you don't want to lock out users yeah

yeah

yeah Colin is one of them like IP lock

Colin is one of them like IP lock

Colin is one of them like IP lock like Lo no no it it's like once a user

like Lo no no it it's like once a user

like Lo no no it it's like once a user has not logged in has gotten the wrong

has not logged in has gotten the wrong

has not logged in has gotten the wrong password 3 times sometimes it's three

password 3 times sometimes it's three

password 3 times sometimes it's three sometimes it's five the user is no

sometimes it's five the user is no

sometimes it's five the user is no longer allowed to log in so there isn't

longer allowed to log in so there isn't

longer allowed to log in so there isn't a way to like Lo from a certain IP pass

a way to like Lo from a certain IP pass

a way to like Lo from a certain IP pass there there uh it's not a password

there there uh it's not a password

there there uh it's not a password policy you can prevent IP addresses from

policy you can prevent IP addresses from

policy you can prevent IP addresses from log trying to log in you can also

log trying to log in you can also

log trying to log in you can also prevent people from trying to log in at

prevent people from trying to log in at

prevent people from trying to log in at certain times or from certain devices

certain times or from certain devices

certain times or from certain devices but that that's not a thing okay other

but that that's not a thing okay other

but that that's not a thing okay other questions Andre you just said prevent

questions Andre you just said prevent

questions Andre you just said prevent people from Ling in from certain devices

people from Ling in from certain devices

people from Ling in from certain devices how's that different from preventing

how's that different from preventing

how's that different from preventing them from

them from

them from l i mean like uh some people are not

l i mean like uh some people are not

l i mean like uh some people are not allowed to log in from a mobile device

allowed to log in from a mobile device

allowed to log in from a mobile device you know uh sometimes two two-factor

you know uh sometimes two two-factor

you know uh sometimes two two-factor authentication is required for a laptop

authentication is required for a laptop

authentication is required for a laptop but not for a mobile device which is a

but not for a mobile device which is a

but not for a mobile device which is a bad idea yes can you

it it depends on how they configured it

it it depends on how they configured it sometimes it's like 24 hours sometimes

sometimes it's like 24 hours sometimes

sometimes it's like 24 hours sometimes it's never you know uh sometimes you

it's never you know uh sometimes you

it's never you know uh sometimes you have to ask the admin hey I locked out

have to ask the admin hey I locked out

have to ask the admin hey I locked out help me and sometimes it'll reset after

help me and sometimes it'll reset after

help me and sometimes it'll reset after like 24 hours it just depends on how

like 24 hours it just depends on how

like 24 hours it just depends on how it's been

it's been

it's been configured other questions oh so many

configured other questions oh so many

configured other questions oh so many people have been asking me questions

people have been asking me questions

people have been asking me questions anyone want want these nobody wants them

anyone want want these nobody wants them

anyone want want these nobody wants them you want

you want

you want them there we go you can have one

them there we go you can have one

them there we go you can have one two all right hold on I'm almost done

two all right hold on I'm almost done

two all right hold on I'm almost done which I'm so relieved at by the way I'm

which I'm so relieved at by the way I'm

which I'm so relieved at by the way I'm sorry I've been trying to get rid of

these uh more like I don't want them and

these uh more like I don't want them and they're just kind of sitting in my

they're just kind of sitting in my

they're just kind of sitting in my room oh oh yeah oh yeah what's your

room oh oh yeah oh yeah what's your

room oh oh yeah oh yeah what's your question um so wouldn't it raise a flag

question um so wouldn't it raise a flag

question um so wouldn't it raise a flag that a bunch of people log in that's

that a bunch of people log in that's

that a bunch of people log in that's true that's very true and if you're a

true that's very true and if you're a

true that's very true and if you're a blue teamer if you want to come to my

blue teamer if you want to come to my

blue teamer if you want to come to my blue team talk tomorrow I'm going to

blue team talk tomorrow I'm going to

blue team talk tomorrow I'm going to talk about how to detect and defend

talk about how to detect and defend

talk about how to detect and defend against some of these attacks cuz some

against some of these attacks cuz some

against some of these attacks cuz some attacks are really easy when there's no

attacks are really easy when there's no

attacks are really easy when there's no login uh logging and some of them are so

easy to detect right uh so you're right

easy to detect right uh so you're right uh that's one thing we do a frequency

uh that's one thing we do a frequency

uh that's one thing we do a frequency analysis if the same user or the same IP

analysis if the same user or the same IP

analysis if the same user or the same IP address tries to log into every single

address tries to log into every single

address tries to log into every single account or if we see aund failed logins

account or if we see aund failed logins

account or if we see aund failed logins within five seconds that's rough and you

within five seconds that's rough and you

within five seconds that's rough and you know something's going on other

know something's going on other

know something's going on other questions

questions

questions okay okay so that's our L app easy nice

okay okay so that's our L app easy nice

okay okay so that's our L app easy nice and easy how do we make it even

and easy how do we make it even

and easy how do we make it even easier there's a tool called blood hound

easier there's a tool called blood hound

easier there's a tool called blood hound Blood Hound is really really cool it

Blood Hound is really really cool it

Blood Hound is really really cool it will grab all the objects in active

will grab all the objects in active

will grab all the objects in active directory it'll grab the users the

directory it'll grab the users the

directory it'll grab the users the groups the permissions all this stuff

groups the permissions all this stuff

groups the permissions all this stuff and it'll make a graph with nodes where

and it'll make a graph with nodes where

and it'll make a graph with nodes where two nodes are connected by an edge a

two nodes are connected by an edge a

two nodes are connected by an edge a direct it's a directed graph where one

direct it's a directed graph where one

direct it's a directed graph where one node can access another node if in real

node can access another node if in real

node can access another node if in real life that user or that object can access

life that user or that object can access

life that user or that object can access the other object does that make sense so

the other object does that make sense so

the other object does that make sense so all the administrator people can access

all the administrator people can access

all the administrator people can access every user so as a result we have a node

every user so as a result we have a node

every user so as a result we have a node called admins and we have a node called

called admins and we have a node called

called admins and we have a node called students and admins can access students

students and admins can access students

students and admins can access students that Mak sense so if you scale this up

that Mak sense so if you scale this up

that Mak sense so if you scale this up uh you can make a giant directed graph

uh you can make a giant directed graph

uh you can make a giant directed graph and you can use graph Theory to find the

and you can use graph Theory to find the

and you can use graph Theory to find the shortest path from one user to another

shortest path from one user to another

shortest path from one user to another so let's say I exploit and I get access

so let's say I exploit and I get access

so let's say I exploit and I get access to the Aiden user but I want to become

to the Aiden user but I want to become

to the Aiden user but I want to become the domain admin because I'm a I'm a

the domain admin because I'm a I'm a

the domain admin because I'm a I'm a hacker and I want to get I want to pone

hacker and I want to get I want to pone

hacker and I want to get I want to pone the whole network I can put it into

the whole network I can put it into

the whole network I can put it into blood hound and I can say what is the

blood hound and I can say what is the

blood hound and I can say what is the shortest path from Aiden to admin and

shortest path from Aiden to admin and

shortest path from Aiden to admin and it'll give it to me now Blood Hound by

it'll give it to me now Blood Hound by

it'll give it to me now Blood Hound by default finds the shortest path in a

default finds the shortest path in a

default finds the shortest path in a unweighted graph there are new tools

unweighted graph there are new tools

unweighted graph there are new tools that allow you to make it a weighted

that allow you to make it a weighted

that allow you to make it a weighted graph in order to say hey some some

graph in order to say hey some some

graph in order to say hey some some exploits are easier than others so

exploits are easier than others so

exploits are easier than others so sometimes a chain of 10 is easier than a

sometimes a chain of 10 is easier than a

sometimes a chain of 10 is easier than a chain of three and I'm not going to talk

chain of three and I'm not going to talk

chain of three and I'm not going to talk about that today but it's something to

about that today but it's something to

about that today but it's something to to note questions about

to note questions about

to note questions about that yes I'm kind of confused what you

that yes I'm kind of confused what you

that yes I'm kind of confused what you mean by T I'll show you so here I have a

mean by T I'll show you so here I have a

mean by T I'll show you so here I have a user called xy1 D3 this is from a hack

user called xy1 D3 this is from a hack

user called xy1 D3 this is from a hack the Box called razor black and that user

the Box called razor black and that user

the Box called razor black and that user can log in to a machine called haven DC

can log in to a machine called haven DC

can log in to a machine called haven DC it's

it's

it's controller and that domain controller

controller and that domain controller

controller and that domain controller can do an exploit called a DC sync that

can do an exploit called a DC sync that

can do an exploit called a DC sync that allows me to grab the credentials of

allows me to grab the credentials of

allows me to grab the credentials of every single user right and once I have

every single user right and once I have

every single user right and once I have credentials every single user I can do

credentials every single user I can do

credentials every single user I can do whatever I want so that's an exploit

whatever I want so that's an exploit

whatever I want so that's an exploit path where I first log into the machine

path where I first log into the machine

path where I first log into the machine and then I dump all the credentials that

and then I dump all the credentials that

and then I dump all the credentials that make sense Andre can

make sense Andre can

make sense Andre can have no I don't think

have no I don't think

have no I don't think soide uh I don't think there's negative

soide uh I don't think there's negative

soide uh I don't think there's negative effort in anything real

effort in anything real

effort in anything real life um now if you want to collect by

life um now if you want to collect by

life um now if you want to collect by the way fair warning do not I need all

the way fair warning do not I need all

the way fair warning do not I need all of you to promise do not do this on the

of you to promise do not do this on the

of you to promise do not do this on the UF Network or anywhere real unless they

UF Network or anywhere real unless they

UF Network or anywhere real unless they give you permission can people agree to

give you permission can people agree to

give you permission can people agree to that people agree to that I don't want

that people agree to that I don't want

that people agree to that I don't want to get in trouble except for one

to get in trouble except for one

to get in trouble except for one person I don't want to get in trouble

person I don't want to get in trouble

person I don't want to get in trouble listen listen if you know what you're

listen listen if you know what you're

listen listen if you know what you're doing actually don't do it don't it just

doing actually don't do it don't it just

doing actually don't do it don't it just don't do it uh now you can do it on hack

don't do it uh now you can do it on hack

don't do it uh now you can do it on hack the box I really it's it's really cool I

the box I really it's it's really cool I

the box I really it's it's really cool I think it's very like the idea of graph

think it's very like the idea of graph

think it's very like the idea of graph theory in pen testing uh if you're on a

theory in pen testing uh if you're on a

theory in pen testing uh if you're on a local machine you can use a collector

local machine you can use a collector

local machine you can use a collector called sharp Hound which will collect

called sharp Hound which will collect

called sharp Hound which will collect all the stuff for a specific domain and

all the stuff for a specific domain and

all the stuff for a specific domain and that's local you can upload the data

that's local you can upload the data

that's local you can upload the data blood to data to blood hound and it'll

blood to data to blood hound and it'll

blood to data to blood hound and it'll like do a bunch of analysis and you can

like do a bunch of analysis and you can

like do a bunch of analysis and you can also do it remotely with this tool

also do it remotely with this tool

also do it remotely with this tool called blood hound. py you pass on a

called blood hound. py you pass on a

called blood hound. py you pass on a user a password a domain and you say

user a password a domain and you say

user a password a domain and you say collect all the info and it'll collect

collect all the info and it'll collect

collect all the info and it'll collect all the info uh and then you graph it

all the info uh and then you graph it

all the info uh and then you graph it it'll give you a ton of cool graphs and

it'll give you a ton of cool graphs and

it'll give you a ton of cool graphs and cool exploit paths um and uh yeah this

cool exploit paths um and uh yeah this

cool exploit paths um and uh yeah this is a really fantastic tool for finding

is a really fantastic tool for finding

is a really fantastic tool for finding vulnerabilities um and it can sometimes

vulnerabilities um and it can sometimes

vulnerabilities um and it can sometimes make exploitation very very easy

make exploitation very very easy

make exploitation very very easy questions okay there's some dangerous

questions okay there's some dangerous

questions okay there's some dangerous privileges you'll notice that every Edge

privileges you'll notice that every Edge

privileges you'll notice that every Edge has a privilege Can PS remote DC sync

has a privilege Can PS remote DC sync

has a privilege Can PS remote DC sync contains now that that contains

contains now that that contains

contains now that that contains privilege requires zero exploitation if

privilege requires zero exploitation if

privilege requires zero exploitation if I'm in the admins group I'm not

I'm in the admins group I'm not

I'm in the admins group I'm not exploiting anything I just already have

exploiting anything I just already have

exploiting anything I just already have that PR privilege which is why I said

that PR privilege which is why I said

that PR privilege which is why I said sometimes a path of 10 is easier than a

sometimes a path of 10 is easier than a

sometimes a path of 10 is easier than a path of three if you have a path of 10

path of three if you have a path of 10

path of three if you have a path of 10 that just says contains contains

that just says contains contains

that just says contains contains contains contains I already have access

contains contains I already have access

contains contains I already have access to it but if I have a path that requires

to it but if I have a path that requires

to it but if I have a path that requires me to exploit things that might be

me to exploit things that might be

me to exploit things that might be harder Andre does each Edge have a

harder Andre does each Edge have a

harder Andre does each Edge have a direction it does have a direction this

direction it does have a direction this

direction it does have a direction this is the old version of Blood Hound where

is the old version of Blood Hound where

is the old version of Blood Hound where the graphing visual

the graphing visual

the graphing visual they use it's kind of dumb the the you

they use it's kind of dumb the the you

they use it's kind of dumb the the you see this is like an arrow you see how

see this is like an arrow you see how

see this is like an arrow you see how this is like the tip of an arrow cuz

this is like the tip of an arrow cuz

this is like the tip of an arrow cuz it's

it's

it's smaller this confused me when I was

smaller this confused me when I was

smaller this confused me when I was first using Blood Hound 2 but this is

first using Blood Hound 2 but this is

first using Blood Hound 2 but this is the start and this is the end okay that

the start and this is the end okay that

the start and this is the end okay that make sense yeah okay so this some

make sense yeah okay so this some

make sense yeah okay so this some dangerous privileges generic all means

dangerous privileges generic all means

dangerous privileges generic all means you have full rights to an object do

you have full rights to an object do

you have full rights to an object do whatever you want you can change the

whatever you want you can change the

whatever you want you can change the password you can add it to a group you

password you can add it to a group you

password you can add it to a group you can make a machine account by the way on

can make a machine account by the way on

can make a machine account by the way on Windows bya fault you can make 10

Windows bya fault you can make 10

Windows bya fault you can make 10 machine accounts on the domain and

machine accounts on the domain and

machine accounts on the domain and that's just normal you can make 10

that's just normal you can make 10

that's just normal you can make 10 machine accounts I I'm assuming you

machine accounts I I'm assuming you

machine accounts I I'm assuming you can't do that on the UF domain but I I

can't do that on the UF domain but I I

can't do that on the UF domain but I I haven't checked uh you can also generic

haven't checked uh you can also generic

haven't checked uh you can also generic write that'll allow you to add log on

write that'll allow you to add log on

write that'll allow you to add log on scripts who remembers me talking about

scripts who remembers me talking about

scripts who remembers me talking about log on scripts on on Thursday that you

log on scripts on on Thursday that you

log on scripts on on Thursday that you can add a script to a user that'll

can add a script to a user that'll

can add a script to a user that'll that'll run whenever they log on scary

that'll run whenever they log on scary

that'll run whenever they log on scary you know put malware on that whatever uh

you know put malware on that whatever uh

you know put malware on that whatever uh you can change the owner you can change

you can change the owner you can change

you can change the owner you can change Access Control lists etc etc DC sync uh

Access Control lists etc etc DC sync uh

Access Control lists etc etc DC sync uh so so you can have multiple let me let

so so you can have multiple let me let

so so you can have multiple let me let me explain this um you can have multiple

me explain this um you can have multiple

me explain this um you can have multiple domain controllers on a network and all

domain controllers on a network and all

domain controllers on a network and all the domain controllers should be synced

the domain controllers should be synced

the domain controllers should be synced up but you know whenever you do

up but you know whenever you do

up but you know whenever you do something when you change something it

something when you change something it

something when you change something it doesn't talk to every domain controller

doesn't talk to every domain controller

doesn't talk to every domain controller instead what happens is

instead what happens is

instead what happens is every I think it's 24 hours or 48 hours

every I think it's 24 hours or 48 hours

every I think it's 24 hours or 48 hours or something all the domain controllers

or something all the domain controllers

or something all the domain controllers are going to attempt to sync up with

are going to attempt to sync up with

are going to attempt to sync up with each other so that they're the same uh a

each other so that they're the same uh a

each other so that they're the same uh a fun unintentional side effect of that is

fun unintentional side effect of that is

fun unintentional side effect of that is that if you change your password

that if you change your password

that if you change your password uh you might be able to log in with your

uh you might be able to log in with your

uh you might be able to log in with your old password and your new password

old password and your new password

old password and your new password because two different domain controllers

because two different domain controllers

because two different domain controllers are going to have a different password

are going to have a different password

are going to have a different password in them um but sometimes you can do this

in them um but sometimes you can do this

in them um but sometimes you can do this thing where instead of so how DC sync

thing where instead of so how DC sync

thing where instead of so how DC sync works is you say hey domain controller

works is you say hey domain controller

works is you say hey domain controller give me all your info including your

give me all your info including your

give me all your info including your ntds.dit file if I as a user can DC sync

ntds.dit file if I as a user can DC sync

ntds.dit file if I as a user can DC sync I can ask hey domain controller give me

I can ask hey domain controller give me

I can ask hey domain controller give me all your info including your ntds.dit

all your info including your ntds.dit

all your info including your ntds.dit file and I can grab all the passwords

file and I can grab all the passwords

file and I can grab all the passwords and that's why a DC sync is dangerous

and that's why a DC sync is dangerous

and that's why a DC sync is dangerous because you can just grab all the

because you can just grab all the

because you can just grab all the credentials from the domain questions

credentials from the domain questions

credentials from the domain questions about that yes are there no systems that

about that yes are there no systems that

about that yes are there no systems that like first pass verification and then

like first pass verification and then

like first pass verification and then they'll give you the information first

they'll give you the information first

they'll give you the information first that is a thing it's very very very

that is a thing it's very very very

that is a thing it's very very very rarely

rarely

rarely enabled um you already have the

enabled um you already have the

enabled um you already have the permission then wouldn't you be

permission then wouldn't you be

permission then wouldn't you be authenticated or permission to DC sync

authenticated or permission to DC sync

authenticated or permission to DC sync yeah well well you you'd be on the

yeah well well you you'd be on the

yeah well well you you'd be on the domain but you don't have everyone's

domain but you don't have everyone's

domain but you don't have everyone's password so a DC sync would give you

password so a DC sync would give you

password so a DC sync would give you everybody's password right including the

everybody's password right including the

everybody's password right including the admin so but it's like a if you have DC

admin so but it's like a if you have DC

admin so but it's like a if you have DC Sync It's like a valid thing that you

Sync It's like a valid thing that you

Sync It's like a valid thing that you could do in theory it's not like an

could do in theory it's not like an

could do in theory it's not like an exploit yes I mean it's it's uh it's

exploit yes I mean it's it's uh it's

exploit yes I mean it's it's uh it's like abusing a misconfiguration yeah

like abusing a misconfiguration yeah

like abusing a misconfiguration yeah okay right uh but

okay right uh but

okay right uh but yeah okay man I have five minutes left

yeah okay man I have five minutes left

yeah okay man I have five minutes left and all C let's go hey 30 slides left we

and all C let's go hey 30 slides left we

and all C let's go hey 30 slides left we can do it right okay

can do it right okay

can do it right okay so let's talk about some curos

so let's talk about some curos

so let's talk about some curos vulnerabilities there's I'm not going to

vulnerabilities there's I'm not going to

vulnerabilities there's I'm not going to talk about all the curos attacks if

talk about all the curos attacks if

talk about all the curos attacks if you're interested you can look it up

you're interested you can look it up

you're interested you can look it up there's two main curos attacks there's

there's two main curos attacks there's

there's two main curos attacks there's one called Kerber roasting I'm going to

one called Kerber roasting I'm going to

one called Kerber roasting I'm going to go in reverse order one called kerb

go in reverse order one called kerb

go in reverse order one called kerb roasting and one called as rep roasting

roasting and one called as rep roasting

roasting and one called as rep roasting now in keros you can request the hash of

now in keros you can request the hash of

now in keros you can request the hash of a service account for free anybody can

a service account for free anybody can

a service account for free anybody can do that that is built-in basic

do that that is built-in basic

do that that is built-in basic functionality uh and it is a feature not

functionality uh and it is a feature not

functionality uh and it is a feature not a bug so if there are service accounts

a bug so if there are service accounts

a bug so if there are service accounts that have what's called an SPN attached

that have what's called an SPN attached

that have what's called an SPN attached to them a service principal name you can

to them a service principal name you can

to them a service principal name you can just request the hash to the service

just request the hash to the service

just request the hash to the service account and you can crack it and a big

account and you can crack it and a big

account and you can crack it and a big problem with this is a lot of companies

problem with this is a lot of companies

problem with this is a lot of companies will make service accounts that are like

will make service accounts that are like

will make service accounts that are like domain admins or they like service

domain admins or they like service

domain admins or they like service accounts where the the account name is

accounts where the the account name is

accounts where the the account name is printer and the password is printer

printer and the password is printer

printer and the password is printer that's rough your service accounts

that's rough your service accounts

that's rough your service accounts because hashes can be request so easily

because hashes can be request so easily

because hashes can be request so easily should have really long passwords

should have really long passwords

should have really long passwords because nobody should be logging into

because nobody should be logging into

because nobody should be logging into them ever it does not have to be

them ever it does not have to be

them ever it does not have to be convenient and that is something that

convenient and that is something that

convenient and that is something that you can do uh without even having

you can do uh without even having

you can do uh without even having credentials on the domain uh as rep

credentials on the domain uh as rep

credentials on the domain uh as rep roasting is similar except it's with

roasting is similar except it's with

roasting is similar except it's with users rather than service accounts

users rather than service accounts

users rather than service accounts there's a thing called

there's a thing called

there's a thing called pre-authentication so I don't know if

pre-authentication so I don't know if

pre-authentication so I don't know if yall remember in keros there's a thing

yall remember in keros there's a thing

yall remember in keros there's a thing where you request a ticket granting

where you request a ticket granting

where you request a ticket granting ticket and sometimes it'll You by

ticket and sometimes it'll You by

ticket and sometimes it'll You by default it'll verify Who You Are by

default it'll verify Who You Are by

default it'll verify Who You Are by trying to decrypt your timestamp with

trying to decrypt your timestamp with

trying to decrypt your timestamp with your NT does anyone remember that yeah

your NT does anyone remember that yeah

your NT does anyone remember that yeah sometimes it won't verify who you are

sometimes it won't verify who you are

sometimes it won't verify who you are and in that case it'll just send a TGT

and in that case it'll just send a TGT

and in that case it'll just send a TGT to anyone and that is

to anyone and that is

to anyone and that is uh thing called as rep roasting uh where

uh thing called as rep roasting uh where

uh thing called as rep roasting uh where you are taking advantage of a bad as

you are taking advantage of a bad as

you are taking advantage of a bad as response authentication server

response authentication server

response authentication server response so sometimes you can grab a

response so sometimes you can grab a

response so sometimes you can grab a user hash if pre-authentication is

user hash if pre-authentication is

user hash if pre-authentication is disabled or you could grab a service

disabled or you could grab a service

disabled or you could grab a service account hash with curb roasting now

account hash with curb roasting now

account hash with curb roasting now these are both things that you can

these are both things that you can

these are both things that you can discover with uh n exec you can ASR

discover with uh n exec you can ASR

discover with uh n exec you can ASR roast and you can curb roast you can

roast and you can curb roast you can

roast and you can curb roast you can also use impacket or you can look in

also use impacket or you can look in

also use impacket or you can look in blood hound and there's a query in

blood hound and there's a query in

blood hound and there's a query in Bloodhound that'll tell you all the curb

Bloodhound that'll tell you all the curb

Bloodhound that'll tell you all the curb Roble users and all the reposable

Roble users and all the reposable

Roble users and all the reposable users something I should note is that

users something I should note is that

users something I should note is that keros only works if your clock is synced

keros only works if your clock is synced

keros only works if your clock is synced with a domain controller so when you run

with a domain controller so when you run

with a domain controller so when you run an nmap scan edmac will tell you hey

an nmap scan edmac will tell you hey

an nmap scan edmac will tell you hey there's a clock skew of seven hours you

there's a clock skew of seven hours you

there's a clock skew of seven hours you have to sync up your time with a domain

have to sync up your time with a domain

have to sync up your time with a domain controller and you can do it with this

controller and you can do it with this

controller and you can do it with this command ntp date and the the IP address

command ntp date and the the IP address

command ntp date and the the IP address of the domain controller and TPS a

of the domain controller and TPS a

of the domain controller and TPS a protocol called the time Network

protocol called the time Network

protocol called the time Network protocol and uh you can do it that way

protocol and uh you can do it that way

protocol and uh you can do it that way I'll give you a warning sometimes I do

I'll give you a warning sometimes I do

I'll give you a warning sometimes I do this and I think it's like 700 p.m.

this and I think it's like 700 p.m.

this and I think it's like 700 p.m. because my clock is wrong but then when

because my clock is wrong but then when

because my clock is wrong but then when I finished the pen test it's actually

I finished the pen test it's actually

I finished the pen test it's actually 4:00 a.m.

4:00 a.m.

4:00 a.m. so I don't know I guess get your sleep

so I don't know I guess get your sleep

so I don't know I guess get your sleep but you have to you have to modify your

but you have to you have to modify your

but you have to you have to modify your time when you're doing keros stuff yeah

time when you're doing keros stuff yeah

time when you're doing keros stuff yeah do you know why you have to modify your

do you know why you have to modify your

do you know why you have to modify your time uh because keros will you remember

time uh because keros will you remember

time uh because keros will you remember I mentioned it'll verify time stamps and

I mentioned it'll verify time stamps and

I mentioned it'll verify time stamps and stuff um realistically they could fix

stuff um realistically they could fix

stuff um realistically they could fix that pretty easily by using what is it

that pretty easily by using what is it

that pretty easily by using what is it UTC time but they they don't do it you

UTC time but they they don't do it you

UTC time but they they don't do it you know uh oh no well that's never going

know uh oh no well that's never going

know uh oh no well that's never going back

back

back [Music]

[Music]

[Music] on oh you have to do the keyboard

on oh you have to do the keyboard

on oh you have to do the keyboard yeah oh I wish we knew that last time

yeah oh I wish we knew that last time

yeah oh I wish we knew that last time yeah last time the computer was on but

yeah last time the computer was on but

yeah last time the computer was on but the other screen wasn't turn

[Music]

[Music] off oh oh all right there we go

off oh oh all right there we go

off oh oh all right there we go okay um but yeah you gotta do that uh

okay um but yeah you gotta do that uh

okay um but yeah you gotta do that uh here's an example from a lab I did where

here's an example from a lab I did where

here's an example from a lab I did where I tried to as rep roast and it says no

I tried to as rep roast and it says no

I tried to as rep roast and it says no entries found here's a Powershell

entries found here's a Powershell

entries found here's a Powershell command where I get the user of a

command where I get the user of a

command where I get the user of a username called as rep roast me and I

username called as rep roast me and I

username called as rep roast me and I make it so that do not require preauth

make it so that do not require preauth

make it so that do not require preauth set to true and now that

set to true and now that

set to true and now that pre-authentication is not allowed or not

pre-authentication is not allowed or not

pre-authentication is not allowed or not enabled I can request the hash how cool

enabled I can request the hash how cool

enabled I can request the hash how cool is that uh here's me doing the same

is that uh here's me doing the same

is that uh here's me doing the same thing with a service account or no

thing with a service account or no

thing with a service account or no actually this is me using n exec and

actually this is me using n exec and

actually this is me using n exec and this is me using impacket using the get

this is me using impacket using the get

this is me using impacket using the get NP users thatp who wants to guess what

NP users thatp who wants to guess what

NP users thatp who wants to guess what get NP user stands

for what uh it's no pre

for what uh it's no pre off um but yeah yeah you can get the

off um but yeah yeah you can get the

off um but yeah yeah you can get the hash you can crack it do whatever you

hash you can crack it do whatever you

hash you can crack it do whatever you want here's the same thing with curb

want here's the same thing with curb

want here's the same thing with curb roasting I try to curb roast nothing

roasting I try to curb roast nothing

roasting I try to curb roast nothing happens here I'm using a command to set

happens here I'm using a command to set

happens here I'm using a command to set the SPN add a service principal name to

the SPN add a service principal name to

the SPN add a service principal name to a service called kerb roast me and now I

a service called kerb roast me and now I

a service called kerb roast me and now I can use n exac to curb roast and it'll

can use n exac to curb roast and it'll

can use n exac to curb roast and it'll give me the hash of curb roast me I can

give me the hash of curb roast me I can

give me the hash of curb roast me I can use get user spns who knows what get

use get user spns who knows what get

use get user spns who knows what get user SPN stands

for service principal name good uh and

for service principal name good uh and it'll give me the hash and I can try to

it'll give me the hash and I can try to

it'll give me the hash and I can try to crack it okay questions about

crack it okay questions about

crack it okay questions about that all right we're almost done we're

that all right we're almost done we're

that all right we're almost done we're so close we're probably not going to do

so close we're probably not going to do

so close we're probably not going to do a lab today for some reason I thought

a lab today for some reason I thought

a lab today for some reason I thought this would take less than an hour it's

this would take less than an hour it's

this would take less than an hour it's not going to happen um anyone want want

not going to happen um anyone want want

not going to happen um anyone want want uh my last one two three four five sour

uh my last one two three four five sour

uh my last one two three four five sour pkin yeah have a you can have

it oh no that's so I'm so sorry who who

it oh no that's so I'm so sorry who who else wants one you want one you want

one

one what Andre St and Aiden all right I'm

what Andre St and Aiden all right I'm

what Andre St and Aiden all right I'm out I'm very sorry I hope you still have

out I'm very sorry I hope you still have

out I'm very sorry I hope you still have incentive to ask questions all right now

incentive to ask questions all right now

incentive to ask questions all right now we're going to talk about something

we're going to talk about something

we're going to talk about something called adcs This is active directory

called adcs This is active directory

called adcs This is active directory certificate Services Windows loves to

certificate Services Windows loves to

certificate Services Windows loves to make their own tooling for everything so

make their own tooling for everything so

make their own tooling for everything so if you want to have your own private key

if you want to have your own private key

if you want to have your own private key uh infrastructure on the network you can

uh infrastructure on the network you can

uh infrastructure on the network you can use

use

use adcs now adcs is very interesting a lot

adcs now adcs is very interesting a lot

adcs now adcs is very interesting a lot of people use this and they'll set up

of people use this and they'll set up

of people use this and they'll set up certificates and certificate templates

certificates and certificate templates

certificates and certificate templates that allow people to request access to a

that allow people to request access to a

that allow people to request access to a resource Windows itself Microsoft itself

resource Windows itself Microsoft itself

resource Windows itself Microsoft itself put on a Blog Post online

put on a Blog Post online

put on a Blog Post online recommendations for how to set up adcs

recommendations for how to set up adcs

recommendations for how to set up adcs because people were having trouble so

because people were having trouble so

because people were having trouble so they said this is really easy here's how

they said this is really easy here's how

they said this is really easy here's how to do

to do

to do it uh if you followed Microsoft's

it uh if you followed Microsoft's

it uh if you followed Microsoft's instructions you were

instructions you were

instructions you were vulnerable uh and that just shows you

vulnerable uh and that just shows you

vulnerable uh and that just shows you how big of a company it is because even

how big of a company it is because even

how big of a company it is because even its own employees don't know what's

its own employees don't know what's

its own employees don't know what's going on um but this resulted in this

going on um but this resulted in this

going on um but this resulted in this white paper by this company spect drops

white paper by this company spect drops

white paper by this company spect drops where they result they they published

where they result they they published

where they result they they published eight different type of exploitations

eight different type of exploitations

eight different type of exploitations where if you followed Microsoft's advice

where if you followed Microsoft's advice

where if you followed Microsoft's advice you were vulnerable to eight different

you were vulnerable to eight different

you were vulnerable to eight different types of attacks that some would allow

types of attacks that some would allow

types of attacks that some would allow you to gain admin with no credentials at

you to gain admin with no credentials at

you to gain admin with no credentials at all some would allow you to gain admin

all some would allow you to gain admin

all some would allow you to gain admin with some credentials and all of them

with some credentials and all of them

with some credentials and all of them were results of

were results of

were results of exploiting bad

exploiting bad

exploiting bad configurations uh you can use a tool

configurations uh you can use a tool

configurations uh you can use a tool called certify to find all the

called certify to find all the

called certify to find all the vulnerable and enabled

vulnerable and enabled

vulnerable and enabled certificates uh and sometimes you can

certificates uh and sometimes you can

certificates uh and sometimes you can just say hey can I request a certificate

just say hey can I request a certificate

just say hey can I request a certificate for the admin user and it'll go yeah uh

for the admin user and it'll go yeah uh

for the admin user and it'll go yeah uh and you can log in with that

and you can log in with that

and you can log in with that certificate here's an example template

certificate here's an example template

certificate here's an example template where you can see the enrollment

where you can see the enrollment

where you can see the enrollment permissions and you can see this pki

permissions and you can see this pki

permissions and you can see this pki extended key usage uh all you really

extended key usage uh all you really

extended key usage uh all you really have to care about is this enrollment

have to care about is this enrollment

have to care about is this enrollment permissions here for now um let's see if

permissions here for now um let's see if

permissions here for now um let's see if there's anything interesting enrollment

there's anything interesting enrollment

there's anything interesting enrollment permissions

permissions

permissions uh oh I guess this is a bad example but

uh oh I guess this is a bad example but

uh oh I guess this is a bad example but sometimes they'll say you can enroll as

sometimes they'll say you can enroll as

sometimes they'll say you can enroll as domain admin and the PE the people who

domain admin and the PE the people who

domain admin and the PE the people who can enroll is

can enroll is

can enroll is anyone and that is easy it's true

anyone and that is easy it's true

anyone and that is easy it's true Microsoft made it so easy for their

Microsoft made it so easy for their

Microsoft made it so easy for their clients but they also made their clients

clients but they also made their clients

clients but they also made their clients very very vulnerable and this was a

very very vulnerable and this was a

very very vulnerable and this was a huge

huge

huge uh thing for pent testers for many years

uh thing for pent testers for many years

uh thing for pent testers for many years and it still is kind of a problem uh

and it still is kind of a problem uh

and it still is kind of a problem uh we're now up to ESC

we're now up to ESC

we're now up to ESC someone just results uh released an

someone just results uh released an

someone just results uh released an exploit called

exploit called

exploit called EKU uh which is

EKU uh which is

EKU uh which is esc5 and it's just another version of

esc5 and it's just another version of

esc5 and it's just another version of adcs being exploitable not because of

adcs being exploitable not because of

adcs being exploitable not because of like vulnerabilities but just

like vulnerabilities but just

like vulnerabilities but just misconfigurations

misconfigurations

misconfigurations questions yeah Miss Kong like config why

questions yeah Miss Kong like config why

questions yeah Miss Kong like config why is it like Windows just uniquely

is it like Windows just uniquely

is it like Windows just uniquely vulnerable just the way that it's

vulnerable just the way that it's

vulnerable just the way that it's Windows is just very

Windows is just very

Windows is just very complex very complex it can also Al do a

complex very complex it can also Al do a

complex very complex it can also Al do a lot of stuff whatever you want it can

lot of stuff whatever you want it can

lot of stuff whatever you want it can happen CU Microsoft really wants to

happen CU Microsoft really wants to

happen CU Microsoft really wants to please its consumers and its uh

please its consumers and its uh

please its consumers and its uh customers uh but it's not uniquely

customers uh but it's not uniquely

customers uh but it's not uniquely vulnerable it's just so easy to mess up

vulnerable it's just so easy to mess up

vulnerable it's just so easy to mess up and there's so many complexities because

and there's so many complexities because

and there's so many complexities because of how old it is right it's 20 30 years

of how old it is right it's 20 30 years

of how old it is right it's 20 30 years old uh and you know it's just a a result

old uh and you know it's just a a result

old uh and you know it's just a a result of convenience here's the thing about

of convenience here's the thing about

of convenience here's the thing about security is convenience and security are

security is convenience and security are

security is convenience and security are inversely perform proportional right you

inversely perform proportional right you

inversely perform proportional right you can have someone have 10 Factor

can have someone have 10 Factor

can have someone have 10 Factor authentication that's really secure but

authentication that's really secure but

authentication that's really secure but really annoying and nobody wants it or

really annoying and nobody wants it or

really annoying and nobody wants it or you could have it so there's zero

you could have it so there's zero

you could have it so there's zero password at all that's really convenient

password at all that's really convenient

password at all that's really convenient but it's really vulnerable right

but it's really vulnerable right

but it's really vulnerable right Microsoft likes to be real nice to its

Microsoft likes to be real nice to its

Microsoft likes to be real nice to its real nice to everyone and it's so

real nice to everyone and it's so

real nice to everyone and it's so convenient but as a result it's

convenient but as a result it's

convenient but as a result it's vulnerable they're getting better

vulnerable they're getting better

vulnerable they're getting better they're adding more secure defaults and

they're adding more secure defaults and

they're adding more secure defaults and they're trying hard to make it so that

they're trying hard to make it so that

they're trying hard to make it so that it's both secure and convenient but you

it's both secure and convenient but you

it's both secure and convenient but you know it's

know it's

know it's hard other

hard other

hard other questions okay I'm so I'm I'm so glad

questions okay I'm so I'm I'm so glad

questions okay I'm so I'm I'm so glad people are asking questions this is

people are asking questions this is

people are asking questions this is great all right oh we're we're so close

great all right oh we're we're so close

great all right oh we're we're so close to finishing

to finishing

to finishing okay have

okay have

okay have I I think it's true now I we're so close

I I think it's true now I we're so close

I I think it's true now I we're so close to finishing this section of the of the

to finishing this section of the of the

to finishing this section of the of the presentation all right so I'm not going

presentation all right so I'm not going

presentation all right so I'm not going to cover exactly how this works but

to cover exactly how this works but

to cover exactly how this works but there's this thing called secm this is

there's this thing called secm this is

there's this thing called secm this is like the new hot thing for pent testers

like the new hot thing for pent testers

like the new hot thing for pent testers it's the system Center configuration

it's the system Center configuration

it's the system Center configuration manager this is something that it admins

manager this is something that it admins

manager this is something that it admins can use to configure machines on a

can use to configure machines on a

can use to configure machines on a network hey there's a new machine I want

network hey there's a new machine I want

network hey there's a new machine I want to install all this stuff on it put it

to install all this stuff on it put it

to install all this stuff on it put it through secm I want to update all the

through secm I want to update all the

through secm I want to update all the software and all my machines send it

software and all my machines send it

software and all my machines send it through secm and there's a lot of

through secm and there's a lot of

through secm and there's a lot of vulnerabilities in this but I'll tell

vulnerabilities in this but I'll tell

vulnerabilities in this but I'll tell you the easiest

you the easiest

you the easiest vulnerability is Windows had this thing

vulnerability is Windows had this thing

vulnerability is Windows had this thing where they would set up a machine they'

where they would set up a machine they'

where they would set up a machine they' set up a computer account for you and

set up a computer account for you and

set up a computer account for you and they do it with a domain admin account

they do it with a domain admin account

they do it with a domain admin account you know you give it a laptop and it'll

you know you give it a laptop and it'll

you know you give it a laptop and it'll log in with domain admin it'll do all

the stuff uh there was a way for you to

the stuff uh there was a way for you to just grab the credentials as it logged

just grab the credentials as it logged

just grab the credentials as it logged in that it was using to log in and those

in that it was using to log in and those

in that it was using to log in and those credentials were domain

credentials were domain

credentials were domain administrators so you could just hey hey

administrators so you could just hey hey

administrators so you could just hey hey please update me and then you you get

please update me and then you you get

please update me and then you you get domain admin you know uh there's so many

domain admin you know uh there's so many

domain admin you know uh there's so many other things wrong with secm and it's so

other things wrong with secm and it's so

other things wrong with secm and it's so complicated and to be honest I've

complicated and to be honest I've

complicated and to be honest I've forgotten a lot of the complexities

forgotten a lot of the complexities

forgotten a lot of the complexities because I haven't done it since last

because I haven't done it since last

because I haven't done it since last year at

year at

year at cbtc but uh if you want to learn more

cbtc but uh if you want to learn more

cbtc but uh if you want to learn more about more about it there's a website

about more about it there's a website

about more about it there's a website that I love love love that was made by a

that I love love love that was made by a

that I love love love that was made by a lot of really fantastic people who do

lot of really fantastic people who do

lot of really fantastic people who do windows ad pen testing called the

windows ad pen testing called the

windows ad pen testing called the hacker. recipes this is a great place to

hacker. recipes this is a great place to

hacker. recipes this is a great place to look uh and this is a tool that will

look uh and this is a tool that will

look uh and this is a tool that will allow you to do secm exploitation and I

allow you to do secm exploitation and I

allow you to do secm exploitation and I have a sticker on my water bottle of the

have a sticker on my water bottle of the

have a sticker on my water bottle of the tool okay uh let's talk about web right

tool okay uh let's talk about web right

tool okay uh let's talk about web right so we've been through SMB we've been

so we've been through SMB we've been

so we've been through SMB we've been through elap we've been through Cerros

through elap we've been through Cerros

through elap we've been through Cerros adcs secm nothing worked what do we do

adcs secm nothing worked what do we do

adcs secm nothing worked what do we do you go on a website usually you're going

you go on a website usually you're going

you go on a website usually you're going to have some web server right especially

to have some web server right especially

to have some web server right especially if it's a huge system a lot of windows

if it's a huge system a lot of windows

if it's a huge system a lot of windows by default is going to call is going to

by default is going to call is going to

by default is going to call is going to be running IIs uh now this is very rare

be running IIs uh now this is very rare

be running IIs uh now this is very rare but IAS can be very old and there might

but IAS can be very old and there might

but IAS can be very old and there might be remote code execution just as a

be remote code execution just as a

be remote code execution just as a result of the software being old you can

result of the software being old you can

result of the software being old you can also sometimes write code to it so

also sometimes write code to it so

also sometimes write code to it so sometimes there's misconfigurations

sometimes there's misconfigurations

sometimes there's misconfigurations where there's an FTP server or an SMB

where there's an FTP server or an SMB

where there's an FTP server or an SMB share that's writable by everyone and it

share that's writable by everyone and it

share that's writable by everyone and it just so happens that a web server route

just so happens that a web server route

just so happens that a web server route is in that file uh directory well you

is in that file uh directory well you

is in that file uh directory well you can just write websites like web pages

can just write websites like web pages

can just write websites like web pages onto there and if the web page is using

onto there and if the web page is using

onto there and if the web page is using an executable language like PHP ASP or

an executable language like PHP ASP or

an executable language like PHP ASP or aspx you can just write

aspx you can just write

aspx you can just write code and then put it in the root of the

code and then put it in the root of the

code and then put it in the root of the website browse to it and it'll be

website browse to it and it'll be

website browse to it and it'll be executed you can execute whatever you

executed you can execute whatever you

executed you can execute whatever you want that Mak

want that Mak

want that Mak sense uh so this is a thing that you can

sense uh so this is a thing that you can

sense uh so this is a thing that you can do sometimes uh otherwise you just have

do sometimes uh otherwise you just have

do sometimes uh otherwise you just have to try common exploits you know SQL

to try common exploits you know SQL

to try common exploits you know SQL injection template injection code

injection template injection code

injection template injection code injection whatever it is sometimes you

injection whatever it is sometimes you

injection whatever it is sometimes you have to do SQL injection right you can

have to do SQL injection right you can

have to do SQL injection right you can uh use SQL injection to do things that

uh use SQL injection to do things that

uh use SQL injection to do things that I'm going to talk about later sometimes

I'm going to talk about later sometimes

I'm going to talk about later sometimes you can course authentication if there's

you can course authentication if there's

you can course authentication if there's local file inclusion you can make it

local file inclusion you can make it

local file inclusion you can make it include a web page and in this case

include a web page and in this case

include a web page and in this case instead of including a file locally you

instead of including a file locally you

instead of including a file locally you make it include your malicious SMB

make it include your malicious SMB

make it include your malicious SMB server so that you can uh grab a hash um

server so that you can uh grab a hash um

server so that you can uh grab a hash um sometimes you can just inject commands I

sometimes you can just inject commands I

sometimes you can just inject commands I don't know uh something I've seen in

don't know uh something I've seen in

don't know uh something I've seen in some Labs is like a website will have a

some Labs is like a website will have a

some Labs is like a website will have a ton of names of people and the person

ton of names of people and the person

ton of names of people and the person will be like I love puppies and my

will be like I love puppies and my

will be like I love puppies and my puppy's name is Ron and my birth year is

puppy's name is Ron and my birth year is

puppy's name is Ron and my birth year is 1992 and then you try the password Ron

1992 and then you try the password Ron

1992 and then you try the password Ron 1992 for that username and it works you

1992 for that username and it works you

1992 for that username and it works you know uh if you have a user called Adam

know uh if you have a user called Adam

know uh if you have a user called Adam Hassan you can try the users the

Hassan you can try the users the

Hassan you can try the users the usernames Adam Hassan a Hassan ad Hassan

usernames Adam Hassan a Hassan ad Hassan

usernames Adam Hassan a Hassan ad Hassan Etc right because most do companies UF

Etc right because most do companies UF

Etc right because most do companies UF UF is not like this but most places will

UF is not like this but most places will

UF is not like this but most places will have a

have a

have a designated format for usernames you can

designated format for usernames you can

designated format for usernames you can try that

questions we're not goingon to go that

questions we're not goingon to go that over over

over over

over over time oh thank

time oh thank

time oh thank you uh now let's say you have SQL right

you uh now let's say you have SQL right

you uh now let's say you have SQL right now I mentioned sometimes you can course

now I mentioned sometimes you can course

now I mentioned sometimes you can course authentication Ms SQL has this really

authentication Ms SQL has this really

authentication Ms SQL has this really interesting thing where you can read

interesting thing where you can read

interesting thing where you can read files from the file system and read

files from the file system and read

files from the file system and read files from remote locations like your

files from remote locations like your

files from remote locations like your malicious SMB server uh sometimes you

malicious SMB server uh sometimes you

malicious SMB server uh sometimes you can also

can also

can also execute commands if you are privileged

execute commands if you are privileged

execute commands if you are privileged enough using something called XP command

enough using something called XP command

enough using something called XP command shell which by the way is automated by

shell which by the way is automated by

shell which by the way is automated by the mssql client from impacket uh

the mssql client from impacket uh

the mssql client from impacket uh sometimes there's also confidential info

sometimes there's also confidential info

sometimes there's also confidential info in the database sometimes you can find

in the database sometimes you can find

in the database sometimes you can find usernames password hashes you can crack

usernames password hashes you can crack

usernames password hashes you can crack the hashes that kind of thing questions

the hashes that kind of thing questions

the hashes that kind of thing questions about

about

about that okay uh here's me using n exec with

that okay uh here's me using n exec with

that okay uh here's me using n exec with the mssql protocol I'm logging in it

the mssql protocol I'm logging in it

the mssql protocol I'm logging in it tells me hey uh Samwell tarly can access

tells me hey uh Samwell tarly can access

tells me hey uh Samwell tarly can access Castle back so I use MS SQL client with

Castle back so I use MS SQL client with

Castle back so I use MS SQL client with the domain name the user the password

the domain name the user the password

the domain name the user the password and I use Windows off um and it gives me

and I use Windows off um and it gives me

and I use Windows off um and it gives me access it gives me a little thing where

access it gives me a little thing where

access it gives me a little thing where I can like run whatever I want I can

I can like run whatever I want I can

I can like run whatever I want I can query the database I can try to execute

query the database I can try to execute

query the database I can try to execute commands it probably won't work unless

commands it probably won't work unless

commands it probably won't work unless you're an admin um I can try to course

you're an admin um I can try to course

you're an admin um I can try to course authentication I forgot oh no here's a

authentication I forgot oh no here's a

authentication I forgot oh no here's a here's a module that I created for

here's a module that I created for

here's a module that I created for automatically coursing authentication

automatically coursing authentication

automatically coursing authentication using n exec it'll go through every

using n exec it'll go through every

using n exec it'll go through every single type of uh SQL command that can

single type of uh SQL command that can

single type of uh SQL command that can course off and it'll try to do it so you

course off and it'll try to do it so you

course off and it'll try to do it so you can use that

can use that

can use that questions okay uh this is going to be

questions okay uh this is going to be

questions okay uh this is going to be the shortest the shortest section RDP uh

the shortest the shortest section RDP uh

the shortest the shortest section RDP uh you can also use net exec to figure out

you can also use net exec to figure out

you can also use net exec to figure out if you have access to RDP remember

if you have access to RDP remember

if you have access to RDP remember that's remote desktop protocol you get

that's remote desktop protocol you get

that's remote desktop protocol you get the keyboard and The Mouse and the

the keyboard and The Mouse and the

the keyboard and The Mouse and the screen uh you can use these tools x free

screen uh you can use these tools x free

screen uh you can use these tools x free RTP or R desktop or rinaa all of them

RTP or R desktop or rinaa all of them

RTP or R desktop or rinaa all of them are good all of them have their own

are good all of them have their own

are good all of them have their own benefits um I like our desktop if our

benefits um I like our desktop if our

benefits um I like our desktop if our desktop doesn't work I use X3 RDP

desktop doesn't work I use X3 RDP

desktop doesn't work I use X3 RDP because it has better

because it has better

because it has better authentication

authentication

authentication negotiation um who knows what I mean

negotiation um who knows what I mean

negotiation um who knows what I mean when I say negotiation authentic or

when I say negotiation authentic or

when I say negotiation authentic or authentication

negotiation that makes sense because I

negotiation that makes sense because I didn't explain it uh windows by default

didn't explain it uh windows by default

didn't explain it uh windows by default will try to use the best type of

will try to use the best type of

will try to use the best type of authentication so they'll typically

authentication so they'll typically

authentication so they'll typically start with

start with

start with Kerberos and if I say I don't like

Kerberos and if I say I don't like

Kerberos and if I say I don't like Kerberos it'll say okay can we do net

Kerberos it'll say okay can we do net

Kerberos it'll say okay can we do net ntlmv2 and if I say I don't like that

ntlmv2 and if I say I don't like that

ntlmv2 and if I say I don't like that it'll say okay can we use net ntlmv1 now

it'll say okay can we use net ntlmv1 now

it'll say okay can we use net ntlmv1 now typically it will only allow kerros and

typically it will only allow kerros and

typically it will only allow kerros and net ntlmv2 but on more P permissive

net ntlmv2 but on more P permissive

net ntlmv2 but on more P permissive domains it will allow you to get even

domains it will allow you to get even

domains it will allow you to get even worse and worse and that's something

worse and worse and that's something

worse and worse and that's something that we call a negotiation I'm

that we call a negotiation I'm

that we call a negotiation I'm negotiating what protocol I'm allowed to

negotiating what protocol I'm allowed to

negotiating what protocol I'm allowed to use for authentication and XF free RDP

use for authentication and XF free RDP

use for authentication and XF free RDP is good at doing that

is good at doing that

is good at doing that negotiation

negotiation

negotiation questions okay

questions okay

questions okay winrm uh winrm is allows you to get P

winrm uh winrm is allows you to get P

winrm uh winrm is allows you to get P Powershell remotely you can use net exec

Powershell remotely you can use net exec

Powershell remotely you can use net exec to see if you can win RM in and if you

to see if you can win RM in and if you

to see if you can win RM in and if you can it'll say pwned uh and if it does

can it'll say pwned uh and if it does

can it'll say pwned uh and if it does you can use this tool called evil winrm

you can use this tool called evil winrm

you can use this tool called evil winrm you pass it an IP address a username a

you pass it an IP address a username a

you pass it an IP address a username a password and it gives you access to

password and it gives you access to

password and it gives you access to Powershell winrm is also nice because

Powershell winrm is also nice because

Powershell winrm is also nice because you can download and upload files and

you can download and upload files and

you can download and upload files and you can log in with pass the hash just

you can log in with pass the hash just

you can log in with pass the hash just like an impacket and just like in that

like an impacket and just like in that

like an impacket and just like in that EXC questions about that okay all right

EXC questions about that okay all right

EXC questions about that okay all right now it's the last section the last

now it's the last section the last

now it's the last section the last section or the second last I don't

remember uh I'll tell you post

remember uh I'll tell you post exploitation right when you get onto

exploitation right when you get onto

exploitation right when you get onto machine hopefully by now you've gotten

machine hopefully by now you've gotten

machine hopefully by now you've gotten access to the machine hopefully if you

access to the machine hopefully if you

access to the machine hopefully if you haven't I really recommend just going

haven't I really recommend just going

haven't I really recommend just going back and trying it all again and just

back and trying it all again and just

back and trying it all again and just making sure you're doing absolutely

making sure you're doing absolutely

making sure you're doing absolutely everything uh you can do password

everything uh you can do password

everything uh you can do password dumping there's a fantastic tool called

dumping there's a fantastic tool called

dumping there's a fantastic tool called mimik cats uh you can also use there's

mimik cats uh you can also use there's

mimik cats uh you can also use there's supposed to be a space here uh but you

supposed to be a space here uh but you

supposed to be a space here uh but you can use impacket secret stump. py uh

can use impacket secret stump. py uh

can use impacket secret stump. py uh which will do things remotely you can

which will do things remotely you can

which will do things remotely you can use net exec to dump LSA Secrets which

use net exec to dump LSA Secrets which

use net exec to dump LSA Secrets which is uh like domain Secrets Sam which is

is uh like domain Secrets Sam which is

is uh like domain Secrets Sam which is local Secrets ntds which is the domain

local Secrets ntds which is the domain

local Secrets ntds which is the domain controller secrets and Laps which is

controller secrets and Laps which is

controller secrets and Laps which is like Cloud secrets you can do a lot of

like Cloud secrets you can do a lot of

like Cloud secrets you can do a lot of stuff with n exec it's great but you can

stuff with n exec it's great but you can

stuff with n exec it's great but you can also use mimik cats to get

also use mimik cats to get

also use mimik cats to get credentials um you just look up how to

credentials um you just look up how to

credentials um you just look up how to do that right uh questions about

do that right uh questions about

do that right uh questions about that okay uh here's a great trackme I

that okay uh here's a great trackme I

that okay uh here's a great trackme I really really recommend this for post

really really recommend this for post

really really recommend this for post exploitation sometimes when you get on a

exploitation sometimes when you get on a

exploitation sometimes when you get on a machine and you have low level access

machine and you have low level access

machine and you have low level access you want to do stuff to get more

you want to do stuff to get more

you want to do stuff to get more credentials get higher privileges that

credentials get higher privileges that

credentials get higher privileges that kind of thing now I've already talked

kind of thing now I've already talked

kind of thing now I've already talked about domain privilege escalation how do

about domain privilege escalation how do

about domain privilege escalation how do you get to domain admin are you tired

you get to domain admin are you tired

you get to domain admin are you tired Andre you said that was the last section

Andre you said that was the last section

Andre you said that was the last section I think this is the last section all

I think this is the last section all

I think this is the last section all right now if you want to locally

right now if you want to locally

right now if you want to locally escalate privileges let's say you have

escalate privileges let's say you have

escalate privileges let's say you have access to a service

access to a service

access to a service account uh I want to get access to the

account uh I want to get access to the

account uh I want to get access to the admin account the local admin account

admin account the local admin account

admin account the local admin account you can do something on Windows which is

you can do something on Windows which is

you can do something on Windows which is Mii SL priv it'll show you all the

Mii SL priv it'll show you all the

Mii SL priv it'll show you all the Privileges now in this case I'm domain

Privileges now in this case I'm domain

Privileges now in this case I'm domain admin which means I have all the

admin which means I have all the

admin which means I have all the Privileges right there's a lot of them

Privileges right there's a lot of them

Privileges right there's a lot of them but there are some Dangerous Ones yes

but there are some Dangerous Ones yes

but there are some Dangerous Ones yes does evm automatically like enable those

does evm automatically like enable those

does evm automatically like enable those privileges for you usually okay this is

privileges for you usually okay this is

privileges for you usually okay this is I logged in as the domain admin oh yeah

I logged in as the domain admin oh yeah

I logged in as the domain admin oh yeah Andre display privileges by not enabled

Andre display privileges by not enabled

Andre display privileges by not enabled uh like is it dis in all the possible

uh like is it dis in all the possible

uh like is it dis in all the possible prives no it's only showing the enabled

prives no it's only showing the enabled

prives no it's only showing the enabled ones now here's I want to so here's

ones now here's I want to so here's

ones now here's I want to so here's something that confused me yeah enabled

something that confused me yeah enabled

something that confused me yeah enabled does not mean you have the privilege

does not mean you have the privilege

does not mean you have the privilege you all these privileges are ones that

you all these privileges are ones that

you all these privileges are ones that you have it does not show you privileges

you have it does not show you privileges

you have it does not show you privileges that you do not have now sometimes it'll

that you do not have now sometimes it'll

that you do not have now sometimes it'll say disabled even though you have the

say disabled even though you have the

say disabled even though you have the privilege and what this means is you

privilege and what this means is you

privilege and what this means is you have enabled means you have the

have enabled means you have the

have enabled means you have the privilege for that particular

privilege for that particular

privilege for that particular process and disabled means you can get

process and disabled means you can get

process and disabled means you can get it but it's not there for that

it but it's not there for that

it but it's not there for that particular process you mean the process

particular process you mean the process

particular process you mean the process that you R the command

that you R the command

that you R the command yes uh now the reason for that is

yes uh now the reason for that is

yes uh now the reason for that is there's different Integrity levels in

there's different Integrity levels in

there's different Integrity levels in Windows you have a higher Integrity if

Windows you have a higher Integrity if

Windows you have a higher Integrity if you log in through R desk or through RDP

you log in through R desk or through RDP

you log in through R desk or through RDP because you're interactive but if you go

because you're interactive but if you go

because you're interactive but if you go a reverse shell you're low

a reverse shell you're low

a reverse shell you're low Integrity don't worry about that too

Integrity don't worry about that too

Integrity don't worry about that too much but you're not going to have many

much but you're not going to have many

much but you're not going to have many privileges enabled yes Colin I was on a

privileges enabled yes Colin I was on a

privileges enabled yes Colin I was on a physical I

physical I

physical I did and I still got you that sometimes

did and I still got you that sometimes

did and I still got you that sometimes will be the case but if it says disabled

will be the case but if it says disabled

will be the case but if it says disabled don't worry about it you still have it

don't worry about it you still have it

don't worry about it you still have it what you still have the privilege it's

what you still have the privilege it's

what you still have the privilege it's just not currently in

use there like power tra scripts you can

use there like power tra scripts you can run to enable disable privileges right I

run to enable disable privileges right I

run to enable disable privileges right I don't know I've never need to do any I

don't know I've never need to do any I

don't know I've never need to do any I just just ignore this just ignore the

just just ignore this just ignore the

just just ignore this just ignore the state don't worry about it all you have

state don't worry about it all you have

state don't worry about it all you have to worry about is a privilege name and

to worry about is a privilege name and

to worry about is a privilege name and you can look it up right now there's a

you can look it up right now there's a

you can look it up right now there's a few dangerous privileges there's one

few dangerous privileges there's one

few dangerous privileges there's one called SE install always elevated and a

called SE install always elevated and a

called SE install always elevated and a lot of admins will enable because they

lot of admins will enable because they

lot of admins will enable because they hate people asking hey can can you

hate people asking hey can can you

hate people asking hey can can you install this for me um and this is

install this for me um and this is

install this for me um and this is something we'll always install things as

something we'll always install things as

something we'll always install things as an administrator which if you boil that

an administrator which if you boil that

an administrator which if you boil that down what it means is you can always run

down what it means is you can always run

down what it means is you can always run any code you want as administrator so

any code you want as administrator so

any code you want as administrator so you can escalate privileges there's one

you can escalate privileges there's one

you can escalate privileges there's one called sbug privileges which is used

called sbug privileges which is used

called sbug privileges which is used that a lot of developers have this

that a lot of developers have this

that a lot of developers have this allows you to read and write process

allows you to read and write process

allows you to read and write process memory so if there are secrets in memory

memory so if there are secrets in memory

memory so if there are secrets in memory like hashes you can dump the hashes uh

like hashes you can dump the hashes uh

like hashes you can dump the hashes uh you can dump memory uh you can even

you can dump memory uh you can even

you can dump memory uh you can even write to memory technically and

write to memory technically and

write to memory technically and I guess I've never done this before but

I guess I've never done this before but

I guess I've never done this before but I bet you could you could uh replace

I bet you could you could uh replace

I bet you could you could uh replace your security token to make it look like

your security token to make it look like

your security token to make it look like you're an administrator I I might be

you're an administrator I I might be

you're an administrator I I might be wrong about that I'm just speculating um

wrong about that I'm just speculating um

wrong about that I'm just speculating um there's one called SE impersonate

there's one called SE impersonate

there's one called SE impersonate privilege this is something that

privilege this is something that

privilege this is something that typically service accounts have because

typically service accounts have because

typically service accounts have because service accounts need to be able to

service accounts need to be able to

service accounts need to be able to impersonate other

impersonate other

impersonate other users um and this is one that'll give

users um and this is one that'll give

users um and this is one that'll give you like automatic admin and you can

you like automatic admin and you can

you like automatic admin and you can often exploit this with something called

often exploit this with something called

often exploit this with something called a potato attack which I'll talk about

a potato attack which I'll talk about

a potato attack which I'll talk about later and there's also SE backup

later and there's also SE backup

later and there's also SE backup privilege and restore privilege which

privilege and restore privilege which

privilege and restore privilege which allows you to read and write any file

allows you to read and write any file

allows you to read and write any file you want if you're on domain controller

you want if you're on domain controller

you want if you're on domain controller and you have SE backup privilege you can

and you have SE backup privilege you can

and you have SE backup privilege you can just read the ntds.dit file and you can

just read the ntds.dit file and you can

just read the ntds.dit file and you can dump all the hashes Andre so it says

dump all the hashes Andre so it says

dump all the hashes Andre so it says Cent is about same as us uh

Cent is about same as us uh

Cent is about same as us uh yes other

yes other

yes other questions okay uh this is a great blog

questions okay uh this is a great blog

questions okay uh this is a great blog post

post

post uh yeah it's a good blog post to look at

uh yeah it's a good blog post to look at

uh yeah it's a good blog post to look at it has some of the dangerous

it has some of the dangerous

it has some of the dangerous privileges let's talk about potato

privileges let's talk about potato

privileges let's talk about potato attacks I'm not going to fully explain

attacks I'm not going to fully explain

attacks I'm not going to fully explain it I only only learned today why it's

it I only only learned today why it's

it I only only learned today why it's called a potato attack um but a potato

called a potato attack um but a potato

called a potato attack um but a potato attack is just any attack where you can

attack is just any attack where you can

attack is just any attack where you can basically trick a process to run as an

basically trick a process to run as an

basically trick a process to run as an administrator and give you access to it

administrator and give you access to it

administrator and give you access to it so some processes on windows are always

so some processes on windows are always

so some processes on windows are always running as admin sometimes you can trick

running as admin sometimes you can trick

running as admin sometimes you can trick them into doing things for you and uh

them into doing things for you and uh

them into doing things for you and uh the reason it's called a potato attack

the reason it's called a potato attack

the reason it's called a potato attack is because the first one was called

is because the first one was called

is because the first one was called rotten potato cuz the Creator said this

rotten potato cuz the Creator said this

rotten potato cuz the Creator said this is such a dirty expit it's such a rotten

is such a dirty expit it's such a rotten

is such a dirty expit it's such a rotten EXP so he called it rotten potato and

EXP so he called it rotten potato and

EXP so he called it rotten potato and then everyone after that called it a

then everyone after that called it a

then everyone after that called it a potato attack so there's Hot Potato

potato attack so there's Hot Potato

potato attack so there's Hot Potato rotten potato Lonely Potato juicy potato

rotten potato Lonely Potato juicy potato

rotten potato Lonely Potato juicy potato I really like juicy potato and God

I really like juicy potato and God

I really like juicy potato and God potato those are the best

ones potato

ones potato what I don't know you can make

what I don't know you can make

what I don't know you can make one all right so yeah the reason that

one all right so yeah the reason that

one all right so yeah the reason that servers accounts of SE impersonate

servers accounts of SE impersonate

servers accounts of SE impersonate privilege is cuz let's say you're a file

privilege is cuz let's say you're a file

privilege is cuz let's say you're a file system and a user logs into the file

system and a user logs into the file

system and a user logs into the file system you expect it to show you your

system you expect it to show you your

system you expect it to show you your files right the only way it can do that

files right the only way it can do that

files right the only way it can do that is by essentially impersonating you and

is by essentially impersonating you and

is by essentially impersonating you and logging in as you so service accounts

logging in as you so service accounts

logging in as you so service accounts are very often very highly privileged

are very often very highly privileged

are very often very highly privileged and they can impersonate any user they

and they can impersonate any user they

and they can impersonate any user they want so if you log in and you see see

want so if you log in and you see see

want so if you log in and you see see impersonate privilege you can run God

impersonate privilege you can run God

impersonate privilege you can run God potato and it'll give you

potato and it'll give you

potato and it'll give you administrator questions about that Andre

administrator questions about that Andre

administrator questions about that Andre so what's the commonality between all

so what's the commonality between all

so what's the commonality between all the potatoes is it person no uh well all

the potatoes is it person no uh well all

the potatoes is it person no uh well all service account accounts will typically

service account accounts will typically

service account accounts will typically have SE impersonate privilege although

have SE impersonate privilege although

have SE impersonate privilege although that's becoming less and less true over

that's becoming less and less true over

that's becoming less and less true over time as things are being hardened and

time as things are being hardened and

time as things are being hardened and secured uh but typically if you see SE

secured uh but typically if you see SE

secured uh but typically if you see SE impersonate privilege then you can use a

impersonate privilege then you can use a

impersonate privilege then you can use a potato

potato

potato attack um but all of them are just

attack um but all of them are just

attack um but all of them are just things that allow you to impersonate a

things that allow you to impersonate a

things that allow you to impersonate a user and do something with it right so

user and do something with it right so

user and do something with it right so you can impersonate the administrator

you can impersonate the administrator

you can impersonate the administrator process and get that process to run

process and get that process to run

process and get that process to run whatever you want and that's a drastic

whatever you want and that's a drastic

whatever you want and that's a drastic oversimplification and it's barely

oversimplification and it's barely

oversimplification and it's barely accurate but you can read more into it

accurate but you can read more into it

accurate but you can read more into it right here if you want okay other

right here if you want okay other

right here if you want okay other questions all right uh there's another

questions all right uh there's another

questions all right uh there's another vulnerability that allows for privilege

vulnerability that allows for privilege

vulnerability that allows for privilege escalation on Windows called unquoted

escalation on Windows called unquoted

escalation on Windows called unquoted service path windows will do this thing

service path windows will do this thing

service path windows will do this thing where if you don't have quotes around a

where if you don't have quotes around a

where if you don't have quotes around a space it'll try to guess where the where

space it'll try to guess where the where

space it'll try to guess where the where the path is supposed to be so in this

the path is supposed to be so in this

the path is supposed to be so in this case you can see that my path is program

case you can see that my path is program

case you can see that my path is program files a subfolder b subfolder c

files a subfolder b subfolder c

files a subfolder b subfolder c subfolder Windows has what they call a

subfolder Windows has what they call a

subfolder Windows has what they call a search path where if there's no quotes

search path where if there's no quotes

search path where if there's no quotes they don't know what the real path is so

they don't know what the real path is so

they don't know what the real path is so they first try C program.exe and if it

they first try C program.exe and if it

they first try C program.exe and if it exists they execute it if it doesn't

exists they execute it if it doesn't

exists they execute it if it doesn't exist they try program files a.exe right

exist they try program files a.exe right

exist they try program files a.exe right before the space if it exists they

before the space if it exists they

before the space if it exists they execute it so if you have an unquoted

execute it so if you have an unquoted

execute it so if you have an unquoted service path where you can write to

service path where you can write to

service path where you can write to program

program

program files make a.exe

files make a.exe

files make a.exe and when the service runs it's going to

and when the service runs it's going to

and when the service runs it's going to find a.exe before it finds this whole

find a.exe before it finds this whole

find a.exe before it finds this whole thing and it's going to run that as

thing and it's going to run that as

thing and it's going to run that as whatever privilege in this case it's

whatever privilege in this case it's

whatever privilege in this case it's running as local system and it's set to

running as local system and it's set to

running as local system and it's set to auto start which means I I think if I

auto start which means I I think if I

auto start which means I I think if I remember correctly it'll start on

remember correctly it'll start on

remember correctly it'll start on boot so you just put your malicious

boot so you just put your malicious

boot so you just put your malicious program there you put your payload your

program there you put your payload your

program there you put your payload your sliver payload or whatever and it'll

sliver payload or whatever and it'll

sliver payload or whatever and it'll execute as admin

execute as admin

execute as admin questions uh yes Andre is it hand that

questions uh yes Andre is it hand that

questions uh yes Andre is it hand that way because there's way

to uh's yeah so Linux just refuses you have

uh's yeah so Linux just refuses you have

uh's yeah so Linux just refuses you have to have quotes if there's spaces or you

to have quotes if there's spaces or you

to have quotes if there's spaces or you have to escape the spaces but Windows

have to escape the spaces but Windows

have to escape the spaces but Windows tries to be nice it says you forgot the

tries to be nice it says you forgot the

tries to be nice it says you forgot the quotes that's okay I'll figure it out

quotes that's okay I'll figure it out

quotes that's okay I'll figure it out for you goddamn sense though no in what

for you goddamn sense though no in what

for you goddamn sense though no in what world would I want to stop at the

world would I want to stop at the

world would I want to stop at the space it's like you run a command and

space it's like you run a command and

space it's like you run a command and then you have the like afterwards H that

then you have the like afterwards H that

then you have the like afterwards H that might be it that is probably what's your

might be it that is probably what's your

might be it that is probably what's your name again B what is it bu buay yeah

name again B what is it bu buay yeah

name again B what is it bu buay yeah what's your question I was just going to

what's your question I was just going to

what's your question I was just going to ask as a user could I just go on my file

ask as a user could I just go on my file

ask as a user could I just go on my file exp and find these files if they did

exp and find these files if they did

exp and find these files if they did exist on my computer or would it be like

exist on my computer or would it be like

exist on my computer or would it be like tyal so this is a service that runs a

tyal so this is a service that runs a

tyal so this is a service that runs a program and this output I'm just I'm

program and this output I'm just I'm

program and this output I'm just I'm using sqc to query the service but

using sqc to query the service but

using sqc to query the service but there's a tool called power up the new

there's a tool called power up the new

there's a tool called power up the new version is called sharp up uh and sharp

version is called sharp up uh and sharp

version is called sharp up uh and sharp up will automatically look for unquoted

up will automatically look for unquoted

up will automatically look for unquoted service paths there's also a tool called

service paths there's also a tool called

service paths there's also a tool called win peas and one called seat belt that

win peas and one called seat belt that

win peas and one called seat belt that will do the same thing and more they'll

will do the same thing and more they'll

will do the same thing and more they'll look for even more preg escalation

look for even more preg escalation

look for even more preg escalation vulnerabilities other

vulnerabilities other

vulnerabilities other questions okay oh my God I'm done we're

questions okay oh my God I'm done we're

questions okay oh my God I'm done we're done uh I know uh other questions that

done uh I know uh other questions that

done uh I know uh other questions that people have yes Andre uh I guess for the

people have yes Andre uh I guess for the

people have yes Andre uh I guess for the previous thing is it possible for some

previous thing is it possible for some

previous thing is it possible for some services like based on

services like based on

services like based on privileges

the we go back to the SL EAS show which

the we go back to the SL EAS show which slide the one we just talked about this

slide the one we just talked about this

slide the one we just talked about this one yeah like can you have so that some

one yeah like can you have so that some

one yeah like can you have so that some services are able to

services are able to

services are able to accesse but permissions prevent like

accesse but permissions prevent like

accesse but permissions prevent like generally you can't see it like I don't

generally you can't see it like I don't

generally you can't see it like I don't know what you're asking for General user

know what you're asking for General user

know what you're asking for General user usually they wouldn't be able to see

usually they wouldn't be able to see

usually they wouldn't be able to see because of permission restrictions but

because of permission restrictions but

because of permission restrictions but if you run as an elevated user then it

if you run as an elevated user then it

if you run as an elevated user then it does see that like program.exe and ex

does see that like program.exe and ex

does see that like program.exe and ex and effort to like try and

and effort to like try and

and effort to like try and hide I'm not following okay let's talk

hide I'm not following okay let's talk

hide I'm not following okay let's talk about it later okay other

about it later okay other

about it later okay other questions all right well I hope all of

questions all right well I hope all of

questions all right well I hope all of you become Windows experts I'm

you become Windows experts I'm

you become Windows experts I'm graduating soon and ufit needs one and I

graduating soon and ufit needs one and I

graduating soon and ufit needs one and I promise if you are the only person that

promise if you are the only person that

promise if you are the only person that knows Windows you will get into every

knows Windows you will get into every

knows Windows you will get into every competition uh this knowledge was very

competition uh this knowledge was very

competition uh this knowledge was very useful for me during cptc and during

useful for me during cptc and during

useful for me during cptc and during cyber force and it will be for all of

cyber force and it will be for all of

cyber force and it will be for all of you as well so learn Windows ask

you as well so learn Windows ask

you as well so learn Windows ask questions uh I will say here's some

questions uh I will say here's some

questions uh I will say here's some fantastic resources

fantastic resources

fantastic resources this is like from top to bottom the

this is like from top to bottom the

this is like from top to bottom the order in which I would do them I have a

order in which I would do them I have a

order in which I would do them I have a TCM security course that's entirely free

TCM security course that's entirely free

TCM security course that's entirely free I have the N exec Wiki I have a try

I have the N exec Wiki I have a try

I have the N exec Wiki I have a try hackme room which I really recommend all

hackme room which I really recommend all

hackme room which I really recommend all of you try because I promise that if you

of you try because I promise that if you

of you try because I promise that if you use these slides as a reference you can

use these slides as a reference you can

use these slides as a reference you can do it in like an hour or two game of

do it in like an hour or two game of

do it in like an hour or two game of active directory is a vulnerable Network

active directory is a vulnerable Network

active directory is a vulnerable Network that you can deploy on your own it has

that you can deploy on your own it has

that you can deploy on your own it has like 15 machines or something and you

like 15 machines or something and you

like 15 machines or something and you can put it on AWS and it costs like 3

can put it on AWS and it costs like 3

can put it on AWS and it costs like 3 cents per hour uh the hacker recipe is a

cents per hour uh the hacker recipe is a

cents per hour uh the hacker recipe is a great website with a ton of resources

great website with a ton of resources

great website with a ton of resources and vul lab is a version of hack the box

and vul lab is a version of hack the box

and vul lab is a version of hack the box that is harder and has a lot of really

that is harder and has a lot of really

that is harder and has a lot of really cool active directory stuff on it all

cool active directory stuff on it all

cool active directory stuff on it all right you can talk to me after if you

right you can talk to me after if you

right you can talk to me after if you have other questions

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YouTube Transcript:Intro to Windows & AD Hacking - Red Team 2024

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Intro to Windows & AD Hacking - Red Team 2024