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PROBLEMAS SOCIALES EN EL PERÚ | DANY ROJAS PALMA | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: PROBLEMAS SOCIALES EN EL PERÚ
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This content provides a comprehensive overview of common types of corruption in Peru, focusing on embezzlement and improper collection by public officials, and then categorizes various civil crimes committed by ordinary citizens, including those against life, health, freedom, property, family, tax duties, public faith, honor, and cultural heritage.
Hello how are you how are you how is this buoy
I am going to develop
some the continuation of the topic that we
had to develop
last week but because Friday
we have had the
demonstrable exams then we have been able to
develop everything so I am only going to
develop this topic and I want you to
analyze it or not with great attention in order to be
able to develop the questions for the
bimonthly exam ok let's complete we
are going to complete with the
most frequent types of corruption in Peru
embezzlement of funds we had already
talked about it about other topics or
about the types of these crimes
when a public official a
worker who receives a salary from the
state that worker we
call a public servant or
public official and every
public servant or public official who commits
a crime that takes advantage of their position to
benefit themselves or benefit
third parties are classified as acts of
corruption and these acts of corruption
are established as crimes and for
each action each type of action each
type of crime that a
public official commits is classified within
one of some of a sanction not for
example the crime for embezzlement of
funds the crime for improper collection
then there are other crimes for
active bribery by Passive bribery - no,
but let's see, let's complete this
part of it in the crimes that a
public official commits called
embezzlement, what is the
crime of embezzlement here
we observe, let's see, here
we observe the following,
there it is, but let's reduce the letter,
let's reduce the letter [Music]
well there is the word
public official, now the official, the official,
as we had said, is the worker,
this worker receives the salary not from
a private party, but rather from
someone from the state itself, ready, they are also
called a servant, a public servant,
so when this worker, when
this official or when this
public servant commits the crime of
embezzlement, it is when they
give him money or goods, here here is
the word, they give him money, they
give him money or any good so that he can
manage it, as it says here, so that he can manage it
but this person
uses the money for different objectives, that
objectives, that
is, they give you money to be able to
use it in the construction of a
road and this public official
uses the money to build an
account, he is not only doing something good, he
is working is doing something
right because he has simply used the
money to carry out another work
but the problem is that he is not
using the money for the purpose or for
the objective for which
the money was given to him when you use that money
for something else then the
crime of embezzlement is committed or
suddenly you only use 80% and 20% of the
money you use it for another
activity not spending it as if it were
a purchase as if it were something that is
within the budget of the money that has been
given to this public official
then using the money for other
objectives for which it was not delivered
is called the crime of
embezzlement ok what is improper collection
here improper collection says will be when
a public official public servant
abusing his position or in other words it
means that he has a position and in a
higher position of an important position and for
that position that he has what thing does he demand or in other words
force to pay or deliver
contributions or salaries or
remunerations not due when he speaks
of not of lives it
means that they are not legal it is
illegal it is the demand for that money or
the demand for some part of the
remuneration of the salary of a
public worker for example
or amount that exceeds the legal rate the
legal rate that would be a student the rate
the legal rate would be the salary that
the salary that this person receives
if we go more or less a
public official who has a high position is
paid four thousand soles per month
so this gentleman when the
month ends he is taking out six thousand soles or seven
thousand soles and the question is where did
the difference come from is it because he is
making an improper charge I will give you an example
an example this is a
public official has a very
high very big position
and needs to hire 20 people
but he wants to take advantage of those
contracts and he goes to those 20 people or to
those applicants who were chosen
that are 20
about five or six of them he tells them
before hiring them this
gentleman I am going to hire you you are going to be
hired yes but with a
condition that you give me 50% of your
salary of your first two salaries does it seem
very good to you or not so
if you accept that condition
then I am going to hire you which
means that the contract is not
based on the capabilities of the worker
no but it is based on accepting an
agreement illicit and since people
need to work then they will accept
accept
when it arrives they accept laws they hire them
spend a month they dance the whole state
pays them pays them their salary after
receiving their salary they go quietly
without saying anything and they give them in cash
50 percent of their salary and that is what
the 6 workers who accepted do
then this person this
public official by reason of his position by the
authority of the position that he holds was
forcing or demanding a payment that is
undue and illegal because it is not legal
when this man commits or this
public official commits this type of
crime it is called improper collection the
prosecution if it
presents evidence against this official
who has committed embezzlement of funds
that has committed the crime of
improper collection or other crimes not as a
passive fact or fact active bribery this
etcetera etcetera then there is a sanction there is
sanction there is
a sanction they can
even ask for jail jail they cannot ask for
this the prison sentence
two years five years ten years according
to the type of crime the
intentionality and the amount of
money they took by committing this high
and illegal and illegal we will see the other the
other part that now we are going to enter into
the types of crimes ok to the types of
crimes well when we talk about in this
case now we are going to talk about crimes
but that no longer belong to a
public official but they belong to
that belong to an ordinary person
to people who are in the street and
break the rules break the norms
what they do what they should not
do because society has established
laws that prohibit certain acts there are
certain acts that are prohibited in order to
protect the rights of each one so that
the rights of each one are respected
therefore we do not have
total freedom to act or to do something
our freedom is restricted by
laws and norms not because because
our freedom cannot violate the
freedom of the rights of other
people an example is theft not stealing
I cannot appropriate the
assets of a person that is under
his or her name because that belongs to him
or her I cannot appropriate it
when I break the rules and I appropriate
it illegally
either in different ways as
appropriate but it is considered a crime
then these crimes that They occur in
civil life in civil society
in any aspect of life are
classified as civil crimes well
in this case the people who commit
these types of crimes or these people
who tend to break the rules
constantly are called link you
count criminals and this
criminal encourages or will generate
delinquency in society and
delinquency students it is a
serious problem for society because it generates
incredible expenses it is not going to generate
that causes to hire more police to be
able to prevent crime not to be able to
use force and prevent a
citizen from harming or hurting or breaking
the rules against another person well what
is a what is delinquency
delinquency refers to crimes
as we had mentioned here crimes
crimes
crimes committed that is to say those that are
carried out by one person or
by several
by one person or several well by one
person or several when we talk about
several people we are talking about
groups but they are organized groups what does
an organized group mean means
that this group of people have
planned to rob for example a bank
not to rob for example a faucet they have
planned to rob restaurants
take them away threaten them with guns in the
head to me threaten to kill them
to be able to enter to be able to take
their belongings those are
organized groups and well when a person
commits a crime it is like the
most common crimes for example, not like
the theft of a cell phone
when you involve a person it is
delinquency that is a crime when there are
for example on a motorcycle there are 34 people
who are stealing a driver is not there a motorcycle taxi
taxi
the thief steals the cell phone and gets on the
motorcycle and they leave well there are already
several people colluding so there
we have the organized groups against
against the law already against the law and this
deserves a sanction because because they are
violating the rules they are violating the
norms well the rules and the norms
would be the law ready as they are
against the law then society
establishes a sanction and a penalty for
them that sanction is the punishment
that punishment for society obviously
society has created the laws no and
here you do not comply with them it punishes it then
delinquency is the act already
committed as crimes by a person or
an organized group against the law above
all that greeting the law the law is what
regulates human conduct and behavior
in your house who in the law in your
house the law is the mother of the father because
they are the ones who establish the rules
the norms and if you do not comply with them then they
punish you right they sanction you or what is it that
causes crime in Peru
look when there is a society where
the rules are not respected the norms are not respected
when in a society there is
impunity which means that the
police catch the thief and then
two hours later you get out because the thief gave
100 soles to the police each one to
let you out the thief is not
sanctioned he is not punished that is called
impunity impunity when it is when a murderer
murderer
who has killed two people and is incarcerated
incarcerated
and this man with a lot of money this
murderer with a lot of money alleged
murderer because he has not even been
tried or sentenced for the or for that
crime pays a sum of 20 thousand dollars he
can say well he releases him or
reduces the sentence to two years right
so when this happens and an act is not
sanctioned it is called impunity well
now why do these people become
criminals different factors no for
example one is unemployment let's
put unemployment the lack of work there is no
work there is no employment
you need to look for money and sometimes
this is used you come to the
wrong conclusion that by taking
things away from people you will get
money faster no unemployment
poverty is also another factor another
factor that defines the increase in
crime school dropouts
parents have to go out to work
people with many needs and
usually there is a lot of poverty and the
children who are in the middle of
school do not go to school
because there is no sense to supervise they are absent they
stop going and in the end they drop out no that is
called school dropout family
dysfunction what does family dysfunction mean family
dysfunction has to do with
the rescue and breakdown or the FARC
how can you say mom and
dad separate the son or live with one of them
but in the end he told him he does not live with the
men and mom the mom and dad that is
called a dysfunctional family
now I want to attract the following does not
mean is every young person who comes from a
dysfunctional family will be a delinquent no that is not
the rule no longer means that
every student every young person who leaves from
school, if he leaves school, if he doesn't finish
high school, he's going to be a criminal. It does
n't mean, for example, that
people in poverty are all
criminals, they are not factors, yes, because
when an analysis of
crime is done, usually criminals
come from these factors, they leave
here, they come from unemployment, there is poverty and
acceptance, there is family dysfunction, but that doesn't
mean that everyone is like that, no
more number 5, the absence of
values, respect, telling the truth,
honesty, solidarity, not respecting,
not only being tolerant or
respecting others but also
respecting the rules, the norms that
usually the one who does not respect it is that
smart one, not that person who
always wants to get his way and cheats, deceives, lies,
slanders, invents
things to be able to reach his objective, that is what we
call a lack of values, that is, that
is the culture, the culture of the smart one, not the smart one
lives off the sun, the sun, that is, the smart one,
for example, the smart one does not study and asks for
the foolish study to give him the
answers to mark that is the
reality, not the smart one lives off the sun,
then that lack of values or that
distortion of values, they
call good bad and bad
Well that's what generates these actions a
criminal has already broken their
mental structures regarding the rules of the
norms has already allowed them, they have already broken
those of gender and it's going to be more difficult for
this person it is very complicated for this
person to reintegrate into society
respecting the rules and the norms for
that is the punishment so when
a person is imprisoned commits a crime they
take him to jail and in jail what does he
do in jail should be a
deterrent it shouldn't be gosh they have
punished me never again I will
do it again but unfortunately in
jail it is also like a kind of
university for crime
they learn to make more criminals and
when they come out more ranked no
sometimes the sanction no they do not correct them
then we would have to find a way
how to run with this sanction of the
custodial sentence to correct these these types of
behaviors where they are used to
breaking the rules and the norms be
careful that you yourself get
used to breaking returns to not comply
with what your father says when lying when
cheating there is no going to the market and you
make money be careful with that because
he Now you know what it means to swear, not
when you go shopping and you buy at a
price and then you tell your mom it's not
the price but it's a little more, he
tricks her, you give her the change and you keep
the other part, you already learn to create, you already
learn to lie, to deceive, be
careful that you get used to it because
those are characteristics that every
criminal has over time, so you have to be
very careful,
socioeconomic inequalities are another factor, all
these factors and all those factors
with social exclusion, what does
social exclusion mean, means that
a group of people, the poor, the
most relegated, are going to be excluded
from the benefit and the development of a nation
nation
because for different reasons, not because of your
face, your skin color, your
facial features, because he comes from the mountains, because he's highlander, because he
's alone, and no, no,
for them, no,
so when you have that type of
thinking, there will always be a type
of social exclusion that should not exist,
exist,
so here we have presented the
factors that generate delinquency,
now we are going to go to the types of crimes,
crimes,
now the types of rights, let's
see, let's see regarding what
let's let's see the types of crimes in
civil society in civil society
we have when a person
kills another person they are committing
the crime that is called crimes
against life and crimes against life there are
are
several classifications there is
homicide for example when
crimes against life are committed they are called
homicide it can be that of
homicide when a person kills
another reason feminicide when a woman
when a woman is murdered by a
man or euthanasia is when someone
who is suffering from a
chronic terminal illness in which they are
receiving pain medication
every day because if they stop
receiving it their body hurts terribly
and they no longer want to live so they
decide to commit suicide
but they do not commit suicide they want to be
injected into something in their body so they can
stop existing that is called out and us
already making the decision to stop existing
because you no longer want to go through these this
type of illness that is called
euthanasia no and abortion well it is when it is
decided to interrupt either by the
mother or by a third party interrupting the
development of a fetus in the mother's womb
is the interruption of development
development
when a person is in the street
two people are fighting they
attack each other one hits the
other's head the other one throws at him the other one cuts his
arm etcetera it is damaging it is
causing injuries well when it causes
these types of injuries they are considered
crimes against health or when there is
organ trafficking also
trafficking means they take an organ from
a body illegally and sell it to another
place to have a transplant done they
did it illegally illegally
the other type of crimes against
freedom is not when they detain a
person unjustly without a warrant or
when they
violate a person against their
will and even take them to a place
restricting their freedom
restricting their freedom to be able to go
anywhere but they lock them up
that is called kidnapping and the crime
against the inviolability of the home
is when there is a breaking and
entering it means that a group of
people enters the house illegally
illegally
or also when they invade a land that does
not belong to them they appropriate the land
the position this crime is considered a
crime against the inviolability
of the home
the inviolability of the home others
types of crimes
against moral integrity which means
moral integrity means for example
when someone
tortures either to
cause pain for pure pleasure or
to obtain information through
torture not by causing pain so
that she can talk that is torture
human trafficking we are talking here as
a type of slavery
sexual harassment when someone is
calling a woman on the phone
and is proposing things and
measures or when you are on the street and you see
a man who was whistling at a
girl and saying rude things to her and continues
behind her talking and talking to her and
that is called sexual harassment and
the police continues the woman reports it
to a thumb through a policeman the
policeman can take him to the police station
and it can be reported to the guy
Hong Kong or sexual harassment which is a
crime against moral integrity
against crimes against road safety
when many men
drink liquor they drink liquor
and they know that they are going to drive they get in the car
drunk or intoxicated and way if the
police stop them because of the
intoxication they can accuse them of crimes
against road safety
but usually Sometimes these things are
solved with money, without
offering a favor, the police officer is a
public servant, student if he is a
public servant, why, because whoever
pays the police,
every worker who receives a salary from the
state is a public servant?
that more
against the patrimony here is when there
are thefts not the robbery they steal your
cell phone they hit you they throw you to the ground they
search your pockets they take your cell phone they take your
wallet the backpack they
take your side it should be a backpack that
is Kurdish extortion extortion is when they
force you to pay money to
protect yourself and stop working
or this extortion they ask you for money to
not publish intimate photos of a person
etc. they extortion scams when
when they sell you a land that does not
belong to that person who sold it to you no
and has falsified documents and you make
the deposit of the money and you have paid
a person who has falsified
documents and in the end that land
belongs to another person they scammed you
why because they sold it to you for half the
price and you said it should go up it is a
good business because they have sold you a
land at half the price of what it
should be you think it is a good business
but you have not stopped to think that for
some reason they are decreasing the
price considerably then because of your
desire to want to save and not be
warned you were scammed that This is what
sometimes happens, illicit appropriation, when
they appropriate land illegally, not
through, for example, they go to the
public records for an official
to be able to alter a signature and the name
of the land passes to another and in the end they
appropriate that land but from the
public records themselves, paying
bribes, paying bribes to these
officials so that they benefit from
these signatures, no, that is called
illicit appropriation against
family relations, for example, when there is
an illegal marriage, which of your
illegal marriage when a person has
falsified a document to get married, that
is, this guy was married to another
woman, he did not get divorced and then he wants to
marry this woman who has money
to be able to secure his future, he invents
this document of separation or
divorce, the municipality did not review it
well and marries him, he gets married, but
illegally, if it was discovered that he has
falsified it and that link of that marriage
without land and it is considered a
crime, what is that crime called, crime
against family relations,
adultery is also another crime, it can
be punished, why because
even with a prison sentence, not if it is the
woman or the affected party Report the
case of family abandonment when the man
or woman leaves the house without saying
anything and does not contribute any type of
payment for the support of the children
when this happens well it is a crime
let's see others the last one the
last slide
to crime against the tax duty there
are the big businessmen not the
businessmen for example that this one
this one
I know the case of a very large school
of great prestige that began to want to
get around the sunat no this is the
name of a very large school that in
order to avoid paying labor benefits to
its workers it passed itself off as a
small company not one admits a
micro-enterprise and well micro-enterprises or
small companies here in Peru
have many tax benefits
among them they are not obligated to pay
if you are feces they are not obligated to pay it
is liquidation
etcetera so they
are not even obligated to pay well
a bonus that will be in July or
when they give you your gratitude settlement
when their contract ends small
companies do not pay those types of chemicals
those types of taxes or they do not have
those obligations with their workers
so these large companies to
save money what they do is They create
four companies, creating each one
as half a small company and
those small companies you put 200
workers 20 here 20 there and
so you distribute them in total each
company is going to pay that worker but it is
not going to pay their
labor benefits or anything like that in that
way they avoid paying taxes not
paying their benefits in that way they avoid
paying taxes to the city etcetera
etcetera etcetera so there are when
these things are discovered they are called the
crime against the tax duty
or when a businessman also does not pay
taxes it would be for example if he is a
merchant and sells products he has sold
a year he has sold how much one
hundred thousand soles of products a year one
hundred thousand soles jungle he had to
deliver the 18 to the city but he did not
deliver it then a crime has been committed
students against public faith for example
when there is falsification of documents
already against public faith falsification
where document you have heard some
of that suddenly it will have happened oasis or you
peacefully in the signature of their parents
because the school sent them a
very bad note and they did not want the student did not
want that note is viewed by
his mother and did not give her the agenda and
when the agenda mom asks him where
your agenda is son I do not know in tutor one he has
not given it to me but if he has given it to you
only you have not wanted you to see it and you
sign you sign that note and you hand over the
agenda as if it were to say
your mother's signature
this look at this act that you are
doing as a teenager is a student
that you have seen that others have done not
necessarily you that in civil life
in adult life as a citizen it is
a crime that can be it is a crime
called the crime against public faith
falsification of documents students be
careful with the things you do
against honor when you
invent invent facts attacking
the smell of a person for
example accusing him of smoking drugs or
that he has stolen money when you have not
seen it or you do not know but you spread it you have
made other people generate
a negative idea about that person without it
in the tests if it occurs to you to
do this or spread it on the
internet or through a YouTube channel or through
your social networks you can be reported
against a crime called the
crime against honor no for
slander and libel and it is called
actions against cultural heritage
want for example they are making a
trench in the backyard of your house they
dig a meter and find a
clay pot some pre-Inca commanders
and find a buried corpse there
then you decide to take the commander
the huacos and decide to sell it to a museum
or something like that the trafficking and illegal trafficking
of objects this of historical objects
is not if the police stops you with these
things you can be reported for the
crime against
cultural heritage because that even if it has been
in your house this is considered as
cultural heritage of the nation and that is
not property of any citizen it is
property of the state part of its culture
very well then for example the
huaqueros every now and then commit this
crime against cultural heritage
they can even they can
even go to jail because they are
committing a crime very well students
we have finished
review this video I am going to put the
slides I am going to upload them in the alt
classroom so that you have all that
information and you can study for your
bimonthly exams
very well then we will see each other on
a good day see you later bye
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