YouTube Transcript:
Bentuk Molekul

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Hello, greetings to

all girls,

welcome back to this channel.

In this video, we are still

talking and learning about chemistry. The

topic in this video is the geometry

of molecules or we will learn

about the shapes of molecules in

chemical compounds that we know.

If we look at the table that I

showed on the screen, maybe you are already

familiar with the

Lewis structure chemical formula molecules and

2-dimensional images or 3-

dimensional images. Here we start from the

shape of water and methane gas. The

chemical formula for water is H2O, while for methane gas, it

gas, it

is CH4. If we draw the

Lewis structure, we can see

which electrons will be

used to bond with each other.

Indeed, here, specifically for

molecular geometry, if you can see this, it is

used together or we

know it as sharing electrons. This

is an electron series, meaning this is a

type of covalent bond. Here, we can

see that of the 6 valence electrons belonging to

oxygen, two are used for

bonding, while the other four

are PB or free electron pairs.

As for methane gas itself,

it has four valence electrons and

all four are used to bond

covalently Aini if

the variety of barkan lewis structures then we

can see about the bonds that

occur between atoms well generally yes

friends must be familiar right

How do we describe the

skeletal structure for water or

methane gas Our village Draw it like this

so we just describe the

O atom and also two hydrogen atoms Likewise

with methane gas whether there is a

carbon atom or a c atom then there are four

hydrogen atoms bound by Cena

generally we describe it like

this but yes if we were to

study more deeply the shape of the molecule

yes both water and methane gas are

originally like this Well because

if we can describe it in three

dimensions well here we Draw it

using molymod then the shape

understand this so it is not straight like

we Draw it like a 2 dimensional picture

but the shape is like the letter v yeah

or a bent letter yeah upside down well so it is the

same with the shape of the methane gas molecule

It turns out it is not planar or

not like this straight so up

down yes up down right left It turns out

there are some that are up there are some that are forward there are some that are sideways there are

also some that are

backwards well this is actually related

to how atoms that bind to each other

well indeed the purpose of the bond

is to achieve stability Eran

So they bind

Hi bind to each other to be stable

but to achieve stability they will

yes or want it to produce

minimal energy Well to produce

minimal energy then the atoms

that will be bound punadi must

position themselves yes in a position

where the repulsion Ren between the

bound and the binding can be

minimal Maybe so if

they bind to each other they also have to

arrange themselves as best as possible to

achieve the stability because

here it will be explained so there is a

PCR theory right Well here reason

for example friends don't know or what

this is Vallen electron cell

peer-review lotion so the keyword

is in

this lotion yes So it's in the keyword oh

no so there is a keyword that is repulsion who

does the repulsion right

repulsion Well

why is there repulsion well because

we know that and when bonding

means there are atoms let this will

have electrons in the outer shell

which will then be installed because This

will happen what is called repulsion

Well, we saw earlier, right, in the

Lewis structure, we are only able to

describe it in general, right, but

we cannot describe the

complete shape of the original molecule. What

is the three-dimensional shape like if we

look at it realistically? What is it like

with television PR Well, we can

predict what will predict the

geometry of the corset and the

molecule itself, well, based on

this theory, right, he said that the

presence of electron pairs from the

outer shell will cause

repulsion where the

atoms will position themselves

to produce the minimum

possible energy so that stability is achieved,

well, based on this vsp Fiori, right, right, the

pdcb theory, we can predict the

geometric shape of the molecules that have

bonded with each other, radina, here he

divides it into two categories, right, Well, the

first category is a molecule whose

central atom does not have a

lone pair of electrons, while the

second is a

molecule whose central atom has a

lone pair of electrons Well, if what is

meant by the central atom or

Mega Well, this is the first one, which is the

zero peer, does not have the PB of the

garbage, what is ch4 earlier Well, when the

c atom binds four other hydrogen atoms,

here all its

valence electrons have been used to

bond meaning c as the central atom

Well yes the central atom no longer

has a free electron pair because

all of them have been used to bond

Then what about the central atom that

has one or more free electron pairs

Well for example in the table earlier

friends can see oxygen right

he has 6 free electrons Well two

of them are nice

used to bond with

hydrogen atoms meaning he still has two

free electron pairs he still has 2

PEB left well these are two examples of molecules yes

with each difference in the

central atom some have PB some do not

have PEB this can be explained by the

theory of pdi-p

porn here so as not to be confused yes

maybe because there are terms some earlier

there are central atoms there or table well

usually in general molecular notation yes

for us to group this into

what form of molecule this friends must be

familiar with the term a

b or accent where ah well this

indicates the central atom while b or

X well this is just a term for

notation use this is the Legend atom

while NY this is to show the

index well for example we have ch4 and

H2O before So if for example

friends are still confused how yes

How do I determine which atom is the

pulse or rain and Nana whose

index we start from ch4 well this c

is the central atom Why is it said to be

to be

powerful Satya the name that is the center is

single which will only be one well

single or only one atom well

while hydrogen Well here there is a

sign 4 What does it mean here

one atom c yes it will bind

four hydrogen atoms meaning this hydrogen

is or straining or straining

is the Atom that is bound or

bound by the central atom 4 this

shows the number or number of atoms

bound yes Well this is the index well

this is the index so this Index chooses

who belongs to the atom in front of the

number yes if for example we have

another example yes right so4 yes right so four

Rivers to whom River si is

to the

oxygen atom meaning one sulfur atom Well

later it will bind four hydrogen atoms

oxygen atom ah so no need to be confused anymore

yes so here is the central atom well this

is the central atom while the

number of more than one is

the lijan or bound to the

central atom Loh Then what about H2O like that

because the one in front is H2

then this oxygen is the same In principle,

most of the central atoms are in

front of it, but for H2O, the

position is behind. So, don't be

confused because the index

I mentioned earlier is the index number Rivers

or the atom that is in front of the

number. While oxygen

doesn't have an index number here because it

means here or

Hi, the center of this water molecule

is an oxygen atom, there are

51 of them, then this hydrogen. Well, that

means there are signs, meaning there are two

hydrogen atoms bound to the

oxygen atom and the hydrogen here is the

rican atom, so friends, you don't need to be

confused anymore if you want to read

various abnanl2a notations, so

that email mjlaya, sometimes this m is the

central atom, right, the central atom. Well, because the

Russian atom is sometimes a

metal, right, metal or metal.

Hi, while l here indicates a ligand,

so there are many terms, right, but

here what we will use is

absent or accent if you don't want to be confused,

here we will start with the central atom that

does not have a free electron pair. So, you

still remember this code,

so friends, you can see

this code absent or accent. So, here

for the central atom that does not have a free electron pair. has a

free electron pair is divided

into five yes because these are

examples we see the

examples first well here What does it mean

How to read it

Well so friends are confused yes if

here there are bonding words yes it

means one central atom binds two

ligands example

CO2 so atom c as the central atom the

central atom rises yes Here there is the

writing O2 meaning it binds 2

other oxygen atoms where this oxygen

is the ligand atom yes well

while nonbonding launcer means what

here there is no PB so this Launcher

is PEB bonding we can say

as P Yes so this P is a pair

that will pair for bonding electrons there

are no how many atoms he fish

how many electrons are used for

bonding while this PEB is

Hi free electron pair the name is

free means not used for

bonding yes so here is an example

yes example of the compound Well if for example the

boarding is three it means one

central atom This center central atom will

bind three other atoms More 1 2 3

and so on until it binds 6

for example is sf6 well Here

we will know that the geometric shape is

Yes, if it binds 2 atoms of a

substance, the shape is linear, if three

are called trigonal planar, if 4, well,

this ccl4 is the same, for example, like ch4 and the name of

its geometric shape is tetrahedral,

if it is

35 or maybe How is it called, it is

trigonal bipyramidal, while six are

called octahedral and remember,

these shapes are special and or

represent for the central atoms that

do not have PB, so look at the pb,

all of them are 0

on this earth, this is the basics, yes, the

central atom that does not have a

free electron pair, yes,

so based on the shape of the rail,

finally we also know, yes, what is the

name of the bond angle, well, a second, he said,

if it is linear, well, this is

180°, while the one that binds three

richana atoms, well, this is still said to

be 120°, while the four

are 109.5, well, if this one is

different, yes, if the one here is

90, then later this one

is 120, so that's it for the

central atom without a

free electron pair, yes, so

we will see later will e

tell this video So this is the theory

later in another video we will try

practice questions Okay we will continue to the

central atom that has one or

more than one lone pair of electrons

Well for example there are many, so this is

because there are already lone pairs of electrons,

then the molecular notation will

increase, there are letters e & j also the MP3 index

in this edition illustrates what is meant by

Eyang here describing this pbtb PEB of the

central atom, right, while the letter M is an

increasing index, the real index, the

like index for the number of

a b c atoms p of the central atom, then

How to find it, how to find

this, for example, we have a compound,

right? But we are confused, yes, we are

confused about how to describe the

Lewis structure, right? Meanwhile,

to determine the shape of the molecule, we

must know whether the central atom has PB or

not, here is the formula, this formula

Eh, how can we find it, this

is the valence electron of the central atom,

right, later we will subtract it from the

number of SME, what is the number of ligands

bound, then later this will be

divided by two, later we will find out How

many pkbsim of the central atom,

for example, zero Well, if it is zero, it means it does

not have a central atom I don't have a

pulse if it's zero it means the central atom

doesn't have a PB So if for example the value of

e y = 0 it means the central atom doesn't

have a p2eb if it has 12 and so on it

means the central atom has a PEB so

remember if for example there is the word

PEB this is a pair in

one pair means how many

electrons are there 1 pair has 2E electrons Ok

let's continue with an example Well here there is an

example it is H2O but

if for example look at the

previous explanation yes we already know that the pb

of the sabqo atom in the H2O molecule is

two pairs or four electrons How

to prove it Well we

just eh or the free electron pair

belonging to oxygen is the same as the

valence electrons of Oxygen which will be oxygen

minus the number of ligands bound to it right

right

how many ligands are bound here just look at the index That means there are

two divided by 2 net how many

valence electrons does liquid oxygen have remember oxygen's

atomic number is 8 means 2.66 minus 2

divided by two means four divided by two equals two

means oxygen yes as a

central atom has two pbtb if it has 2

PEB how many electrons will it have later

Remember one pack San There are two electrons

means if there are two pairs there are four

free electrons

Well that's why at the beginning we saw that

oxygen will have one each well this

has been used to bond with

hydrogen then it still has four

free electrons no 4 1234 this is a pair

And this is also a pair that's why it's said

to be two pbtb or 4 free electrons

Well like that so don't be

confused anymore the point is friends know

how many valence electrons the central atom knows the

number of ligands bound

How to know the number of Liga just look at the

index yes the index on the

ligand atom then divided by two okay well This

is a table Well so friends if

for example open the PDF that I have given

here there is already a table So these tables

Hi eat help us to

group a molecule approximately

what shape it looks like so here there are

many kinds yes So how do you

understand this table well back again

friends I have taught you yes

not I taught you but I have

shown you about the type of molecule so the

molecular notation is right where a

is the central atom yes while B

is the ligand Well because here

is the central atom that has PEB then the

edition This illustrates the simple orange Ah there is

no number, this shows that there is

one pb, but if there are two, then there

are two Tabs Well, here, group it

again, friends, so you still remember

the number of bonding pers, this is the

same as the number of ligands bound

bound

Oh yes, if for example you are confused, well,

while the number of loan ever, this

is the number of pb of the central atom,

next to the drink slowly, repeat the

video again if you are confused, yes, and

note it down according to the notes you

have so you don't forget it here

for the central atom that binds two ligands

Well, it turns out that it is distinguished again, some have

1 pair of pb, some have 2

PEB So it can be seen here if those who

have one or those who have two, the

shape of the molecule is

these bands, which means bent, yes, if

for example you are confused and that means bent

or poor, you also hear the term

is Inverted V, right, or sometimes

called vecap, yes, but the

inverted fishop, yes

In this semester, so later for

each example of the compound,

we can finally group it, for example, here there

is so2, it turns out that so2 is included in the category of

molecular types whose notation is ab2 e-admin the

center is one ligand two but PB on the

central atom yes PB on the central atom is

only one pair like this the shape is

bent Likewise with H2O earlier we

have calculated it has 2 PEB the

shape is also bent well so

next here there are three ligands that are

bound and distinguished by those that

one central atom contains PB

some contain 2pb later the shape is

also different well like this So this

is the notation for the type of molecule

Hi While this is the name for the

shape of the molecule how to draw it

How to draw it like

this so for example we usually NH3 we

draw it like or 123 This is broken

hydrogen is done right now this

is the old way before we

learn about the shape of the molecule

because we have learned the

shape of the molecule then the way to draw it

is like this so n yes 123 and

there is one pair of Feb like that yes

friends well this is the pb of C continue Well

here are some

more examples yes So if for example confused

friends can open my PDF which is

in Bogor mushroom rose we see for the

scene 4 and also the ligand 5na i

it's interesting yes sometimes it's confusing yes

if for example for those that bind four

ligands Where the pb has one name for the shape of the

molecule this is si saweran

for example what does it mean Well if the

Indonesian language is a

seesaw well it's strange huh

teeter Why is it called a

seesaw Well let's see how to

describe the electrons so this is like a

seesaw game

yes This is fun this is where people ride the

seesaw well this is the support

underneath well this is the handle

well don't be confused when I

describe PEB like this this will

mean if for example I draw it

yes For example sbya it will have a

seesaw shape catch fish the effect

here there is efs here there is f then here there is

also efs here there is f well this is one

pair of PB is the same yes this is the meaning

so that the model is clearly visible

Hi Well if you have 2 PEB well this

shape is like this Why is it

shaped like this right it should be

okay For example

friends want to draw for example right

sf4 pb here Ma'am, right? 1234 like that, right? What

you want is like this, the point is, what is

ice binding four and there is one PB, but

again, atoms when they are still

bonded to each other are like humans,

they also like the order

and because, for example, if we

draw it like this, as long as it binds

four, as long as it has one PEB, it's actually

not a problem, but in terms of

order, right? This is also less

active, right? Maybe the

picture is also not good, right? But

if it's like this, well, this

arrangement is right, so remember

when it's going to bond, right?

Hey, these atoms will also arrange

themselves, which I will have to be in

which position so that later the

energy to achieve stability is

really the energy that has the

repulsion energy and the repulsion energy is

as minimal as possible, this is where it

will enter the stable category,

so if, for example, the atoms that are

bonded want to be arranged,

well, we humans should be able to do

that, if, for example, we are told to be

organized, we should also want to do that, right? Well,

those were examples, so remember

this notation like this is the type of

molecule while the naming is there is the show

Square Pelatnas Square pyramid this

is the shape of the molecule and the

arrangement of electrons per well this is

How do we describe so

indeed this has been grouped to make it

easier for us to classify

approximately if I have this compound it

will be between sf4 and smpat right Ma'am

both have one pulse atom

both bind four clock atoms but

later what shape will the picture be

like what type of molecule it

turns out this is different and

the key at the beginning is that we determine

the value of e or the PEB value on the

central atom and back again yes friends

because we will calculate eh we

have to know the valence electrons of the

central atom if it is related to the

valence electrons of the central atom then

friends must know the atomic number

Well if you already know the atomic number

back again understand How the

electron configuration can

describe simply the

configuration of 2.8 and so on

or the modern configuration that s.pdf

like that okay So if for example

we conclude well this is a summary

of the tables earlier Well we

friends see yes molecule with

three atoms you know what else do you mean this

molecule with three atoms well this is easy

only molecule with three pom means

three atoms That means there is one central atom

broadcast well and two atoms rijan so it is

impossible yes all three are bound yes Why do

you have ligand Atomic Clock yes Well here If the

molecule with three atoms means here there

is one that is the central atom and the

other two are bound or bound

later we will distinguish the central atom

he has PB yes has PB or does not

have prp when he has PEB

later we will divide the number pb-nya

yes this is the number of pb pnah this

I have grouped if it does not have

PEB then the form of money is linear yes this

is the form

Hi the molecule pulse molecular form

while ab2 remember yes there is no letter v

here means it does not have Feb this

is the type of molecule while CO2 this

is an example of a compound or molecule

nyanan if it has 1 pair or

more of PB previously What is the shape

bent right or like an inverted V

and this will be distinguished some have

1pb and some have 2P webcon anyway is

also different further if it

has four atoms na is the same yes friends

do not need to be confused So if it has

four yes here there are four atoms molecule

means there is one central atom Well then

the rest what does it mean there is

yes Liga atom will be the same yes the division of the

central atom is seen from the p or those who do

not have pbtt Well if it does not have

PB later the shape of the molecule is

trigonal planar yes the type of molecule well the

type of molecule will be shy yellow is

the same as the notation earlier yes AB3 ama

indicates what was the central atom while

B indicates ligands and the number three this

broadcast index indicates the number of ligands the

number of ligands Well if he has PEB

then it will be divided again, right if he only

has one PEB well this is the type of

molecule the name meaning the shape of the

molecule is trigonal pyramid Well

if he has HP How is this the

type of molecule the shape is

Hi PCP continue again which has 5 atoms

so the molecule consists of five atoms

So if for example five atoms well the same

one is the central atom

while the remaining four atoms

are ligand atoms will also be divided

here if Dian nolon peer

does not have PB then the type is well

this is the type yes the type of molecule is AB

4 and the shape of the molecule well this The shape of the

molecule is tetrahedral while

if he has one or more PB is

divided again if one is in the shape of a

see-saw or seesaw if he has

two PB what is it called Square planar

Hi well then this is the last one right Well

here he has 6 atoms So if he

has 6 atoms yes here 6 atoms well 6

atoms means one central atom and the rest there

are five atoms pushing later he will

each if he does not have PB

yes right zero peer yes means it doesn't have

PEB Who doesn't have PB is the

central atom so don't be mistaken or

damage it then the type of molecule is

ab6 yes A goes to the central atom while

B indicates the ligand and the number 6 er

shows what is bound to

hi oh this should be sf5 yes not this sf6

This is also ab5 which will

Hi Oh yes this is ab6 yes sorry sorry this is hb6

Okay this is also sf6 Why because he doesn't

have it earlier yes Beb yes he doesn't have

PB so those who don't have PB are

health pus Well if those who don't have

PB he can bind full Yes because of

what Because all the atoms are used

to bond so wait The shape

is octahedral so the s123456

here has F so all

his valence electrons are es well here there

are six yes there are 16 batikan 2.8 point 6

means he has 6 valence electrons yes

6 valence electrons and all of them are

used to bond well it's different

from this one if this one earlier

he had 6 atom means one of the

central atoms and five of the singing ligands

while the other one is what the PC

will be in the form of a square pyramid

Okay, understood Yes, good friends,

that's what we can discuss in

this video, well, in a separate video later,

we will discuss the shape of the

molecule together, so we will try to

classify the molecules. We

determine the type of molecule. What is the shape of the

molecule and how to

draw it. Thank you

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Bentuk Molekul