This workshop focuses on persuasive proposal writing, emphasizing the strategic application of rhetorical principles (ethos, pathos, logos) and practical organizational and writing techniques to increase the likelihood of securing funding.
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Hello everybody.
Give it a couple minutes, but thank you
still got some people trickling into the
wait room.
But um for those of you who are on right
now, what you see on the screen is our
proposal development workshop series.
So, we're at number eight right now,
persuasive proposal writing. Um, if this
is your first time attending, thank you
for coming. Um, and if this isn't your
first time attending, welcome back.
We're excited to have you. But you can
register for future PWS. Um, that's pw10
through16 at that link funding.asu.edu/events.
These are also recorded. So, um, if you
can't attend and you sign up, you'll get
the recording in your inbox, but we also
do post all of our recordings, uh, to
our website, so you'll be able to see
all of those and past recordings as well.
I think we're slowing down here. Still
see a couple people trickling through.
But I'm going to get us started and then
as people trickle in through um we'll
just catch up. So thank you for
attending today's workshop everybody. We
are very excited to have you joining us.
As I mentioned this is recorded um and
so you'll get the recording in your
inbox um as well as access to all of our
other recordings that we've done for
All right. in this uh workshop. This is
PD PDW number8. So this is persuasive
proposal writing. I'm Emily Wilcoxton.
I'm the assistant director for research
development at the knowledge enterprise.
And I'm joined by Laura York, my lovely
colleague here, who is a proposal
manager in research development. And we
have a lovely and exciting agenda for
you guys today.
Um this is our agenda. So Laura will
start with the art of rhetoric, which is
a really great and fun interesting
concept, and then I will transition and
go into some concrete persuasive
proposal writing tips and tricks. And
with that, I'm going to kick us off and
hand it over to Laura, who will get us started.
All right. All right. Thanks, Emily. And
uh hi, everyone. Thank you so much for
joining us today. Um as Emily said, my
name is Laura York. I am a proposal
manager in the research development unit
in knowledge enterprise and um I am also
by training a historian. So I like to
look at history when I'm going to talk
about things. Uh so I'll be speaking
today on the art of rhetoric which is an
ancient art and how mastering it will
help you write more effective funding
All right. Uh we know that many
scientists and academics struggle with
grant writing. Why is this? It's because
when uh what you were taught about how
to write for an academic audience won't
work when you're trying to get a sponsor
to fund your project. A funding proposal
is an argument at base. It is not a
journal article. It is not a report. It
requires a different approach to
writing. Your goal is not merely to
communicate information, but also to
convince the reader to take a specific
action. You're making an argument that
the reviewer should recommend your
project for funding because it's
exciting and because you and your
research team are the best possible
people to make the project a smashing
success and help the sponsor fulfill its mission.
mission.
A proposal uh because of this is not the
place to be modest. It's not the place
to underell your expertise, your ideas,
your capabilities. Uh you don't want to
come across as arrogant or entitled uh
to their money in your u proposal, but
you do want to come across as confident
and assertive of your team's capability
and the novelty and importance of your
The challenge of how to persuade someone
with words has been studied for
thousands of years. In fact, it was
addressed at length around 2,300 years
ago by the Greek philosopher and
scientist Aristotle. His book on the art
of rhetoric presents a comprehensive
framework for persuading a listener that
is still very relevant and effective
today. Now called the rhetorical
triangle and often applied to written
argument in addition to speech, the
framework comprises three major elements
that are critical to making a persuasive
argument. at these three are ethos, the
appeal to trust and credibility, pathos,
the appeal to the reader's emotion, and
logos, the appeal to reason. I'm going
to discuss each of these elements
briefly in turn. Next slide, please.
First is ethos, the appeal to trust and
So, Aristotle wrote that persuasion is
achieved when the speech makes us think
the speaker credible. You could be
proposing the most innovative and
brilliant solution to a pressing
problem, but if the reviewers don't see
you as credible, there's no way they're
going to agree to fund you. So, what
comprises this trust and credibility?
Three elements in this are your
expertise, your depth of knowledge and
practical experience, your credentials,
your training by a respected
institution, and your ethics, knowing
and following the rules of good
All right. So, who needs to be credible?
Essentially, every person and
institution affiliated with or
supportive of your project as well as
the authorities assited as support for
your ideas and the journals who've
published your work and other research
From my experience as a proposal manager
and a research administrator, I can say
that very often proposal teams view
required biographical documents as
having minor importance in a proposal.
But the biographical documents are
actually critical to establishing your
authority and your credibility and to
building the reviewer's trust in you,
which is your goal here. demonstrating
experience, leadership, credentials, a
record of funding and publication, along
with letters of support as testimonials
when allowed by the sponsor. All of
these are going to go a long way to
establishing ethos in the reviewer's mind.
mind.
You should also try to appeal to ethos
and building trust within your research
strategy or project plan. In addition to
those biographical documents, you'll
want to site authorities and experts uh
whose work supports your own. Maybe
refute counterarguments, theories, or
findings by others who work in your area
but disagree with your conclusions. Uh
to describe your experience and prior work
work
and maybe something you weren't thinking
of. Uh one of the ways to appeal to a
trust is to use correct grammar and
syntax. Uh here's a quote from the
Harvard Business Review. Speaking of
credentials, about this uh people jump
to all kinds of conclusions about you
when they read documents you've written.
They decide how smart, how well
organized, and how trustworthy you are.
So, please take the time to edit and
proofread your document before you
submit. Send your proposal to a
colleague uh to have them read it over
for things as simple as, you know,
formatting, grammar, spelling. Um or you
can also submit uh your work to one of
the uh editors who work in my unit
research development. Uh before you
submit to sponsor,
uh you want to be confident and
authoritative though not arrogant in
your tone. Uh you don't want to sound
like you think they're entitled to their
money, but you want to do you do want to
make the impression that you are worthy
Uh here's a few just a few examples of
the deployment of ethos in research
proposal strategies that I've seen. Uh
note that the uh bolded phrases are not
the point of the sentence that they
appear in, but they do help establish
your credibility while you're making a
larger point. Uh this is phrases such as
as a leader in the field of sustainable forestry.
forestry.
uh three decades of experience in aging
research, ASU's acknowledged leadership,
uh a noted expert in animal pharmarmacology,
pharmarmacology,
uh phrases like that. So, you're not
making it the entire point of the page
or the paragraph or even the sentence,
but you're reinforcing the idea that you
are trustworthy, you have credibility,
and that the re reviewer will note this.
Uh so, that's my very brief uh jump into
ethos. Next, we're going to turn to the
second element of the rhetorical
triangle, which is pos. Next slide, please.
Pathos is the appeal to the reader's
emotion, to their values, beliefs,
So, why appeal to emotion? Aristotle
wrote that quote, "Persuasion may come
to the listeners when the speech stirs
our emotions. Our judgments when we are
pleased and friendly are not the same as
when we are hostile." POS draws on the
reviewer's emotions to persuade them to
support your project. It's not just for
appeals to charitable causes or
And at this point you're thinking, wait,
isn't emotion completely inappropriate
in a research proposal?
No, it is not. Uh that's because
scientists and academics in general are
trained to value objectivity and
distance ourselves from our work. But
distance and objectivity while often
appropriate for an article or a report
uh are not appropriate. Well, they are
appropriate in a research proposal, but
they are not sufficient. A proposal, as
I said earlier, is a marketing document.
So, not only are emotional appeals
appropriate for many proposals, but also
including such appeals may go a long way
to winning over the reviewer by
connecting your project, your work with
their values, their beliefs, and their priorities.
priorities.
The goal of PAOS, you want to try to
make the reviewer feel appropriate
emotions when they're reading your
proposal, such as concern about the
problem that you want to solve, maybe
anger, sympathy, sadness. Uh, compassion
for those impacted by the problem or the
need. Excitement that your project will
help solve that problem. Admiration for
your team and institutions.
uh maybe frustration at the slow pace of
progress towards a solution to fix the
problem that the sponsor is trying to
work on. Uh so make sure the feelings
you're trying to evoke are connected to
the benefit that your project offers to
the sponsor for solving the problem that
they are giving money to solve.
And uh Emily will talk more about
benefits on in her section. Yes, next
slide. Thank you. All right, stop there.
All right. including elements of PAOS in
your research in your uh proposal
strategy or other components should
include conveying your own passion for
your project. Judgment and willingness
to engage are influenced by emotion. So
use this fact to your advantage because
enthusiasm is contagious.
If you don't come across as emotionally
invested in your work, your reviewer
probably won't be either.
Try to help the reviewer connect to your
work and see it through your eyes. Other
ways to include PAOS are putting a face
on the problem or the need, illustrating
why there's a need for your research.
There's several ways to do this. uh
specific examples of the problem to
personalize it. Testimonials from
beneficiaries of your past successes,
brief anecdotes that demonstrate the
problem or your solution, uh quotations
from those who will benefit from the research
research
or uh from people who support it. And
lastly, you can use uh formatting of
your research plan document to help make
sure your appeal to PAOS is clear. Try
using callout boxes, underlining,
different text color, highlighting, uh,
all of that to draw the readers, the
reviewer's attention to these moments of pos,
why your project is important and why
you are the best person to help them
Uh, the last choice, the last element of
PAOS is word choice. Strong dramatic
adjectives like these will convey your
excitement and conviction about your
proposal. They will help convince the
reviewer that the problem is urgent and
that your solution is timely, expert,
and crucial.
Uh so here highlighted in red are a few
examples of ways that grant applicants
that I've worked with uh have appealed
to POS by putting a face on the benefits
of the project and uh by providing
quotations testifying to the value of
the work. I won't read through these um necessarily.
necessarily.
right. So, let's compare two versions of
a problem statement.
Annually, an estimated 316,000 women are
diagnosed with breast cancer.
It's clear. It's grammatically correct.
And it states a fact. Compared to this
year alone, 316,000
American women will receive the
devastating diagnosis of breast cancer.
This is an appeal to the heart as well
And that's my brief discussion on
posthos. Uh next we're going to talk
about the third element of the
rhetorical triangle which is logos.
Logos is the persuasive technique of
appealing to reason, judgment, and
So why appeal to reason? Aristotle
wrote, quote, "Persuasion is affected
through the speech itself when we have
proved a truth by means of our
persuasive argument." So, emphasis on
proof. The appeal to reason includes all
of the facts, statistics, and data you
feature in your proposal, including your
graphics such as your tables, your
charts, and diagrams. It includes the
logical flow of your argument and how
your activities will lead to the
outcomes the sponsor wants. Logos also
includes the overall plausibility of
your plan and its potential to resolve
the problem that the sponsor is addressing.
addressing.
Logos is probably the most familiar to
you of the three elements we're talking
about today. Uh ways to use logos in
your proposal strategy include concise
writing. The wordier your sentences and
paragraphs are, the harder it is for a
busy reviewer to stay focused on the
logic of your argument. Analogies like
the graphic shown here of the earth
compared to a peach can show in a simple
way the benefits of a proposal,
relationship between its elements or um
demonstrating the problem that you're
trying to solve.
A clear simple outline. I urge you to
create this long before you start
writing anything.
and section headers uh which are very
helpful in moving the reviewer from
point to point and making it easy for
them to go back if they want to review
something. And carefully structured
paragraphs, topic sentence, explanation,
then evidence, then a concluding
sentence. And finish uh always finish
with a transition to your next paragraph
to keep the logical flow of your
argument um obvious to the reviewer.
So um maximizing logos with a logic
model. Uh I recommend uh creating a
logic model very early in your proposal
process to maximize your application of
logos. So what is it? Uh a logic model
is a road map for your project plan. A
visual of the components of the project
and how they're connected. I'll show you
one in our next slide in a moment. uh it
summarizes your plan and your intended
results. Some sponsors will require
logic models as part of the proposal,
but even if it is not required in your
specific uh you know solicitation you're
responding to, a logic model can be
extremely helpful in helping you plan
out the writing process so that you
create a very logical argument uh
throughout your documents.
Uh important benefits that a logic model
can bring include uh helping ensure that
the entire proposal team is aligned in
the mission and the plans. Uh that
you've listed outcomes that justify
every proposed activity which means
every proposed cost and that the broader
impact of your project is connected to
those activities and those outcomes. So
let's take a look at a example uh sort
of a template for a logic model. Next
slide please.
Uh in this sample schematic you can see
the flow of the components of a project
from the inputs on the left. That is the
resources that are needed to complete
the work such as personnel, facilities,
supplies through the outputs which
include your activities. for example,
interviewing key informants
um to your outcomes which are the direct
result of those activities as well as
your broader uh and sort of long-term impacts.
impacts.
In a logic model, you can also identify
the assumptions that you're making about
how the project will work, external
factors such as potential risks that may
impact your success. Um don't reinvent
the wheel would be my final comment on
logic models. There are many many many
of these templates available on the
internet. Um some are much more complex
even than this one. Some are simpler. Um
but the general idea if you start with
one of these and you know that if you
can fill out this logic model that you
have a logical argument that you can
make and expand on in your proposal
All right. recap. So, to summarize this
uh very brief discussion of the art of
rhetoric, um I urge you to try very hard
to include all three appeals in your
proposal to make it the most persuasive
it can be. Um, as you've probably
guessed, I encourage you to use a PAOS
elements strategically.
Uh don't try to include uh poss.
Use those elements to highlight the
importance of the problem your work will
solve. uh whereas uh logos is going to
appear everywhere. That's your the logic
of your argument and ethos will appear
in all of your biographical documents
and sprinkled through your research strategy.
strategy.
Um so a grant proposal should prioritize
logos and ethos, but do not avoid
strategically appealing to those readers
emotions to get them to care about the
success of your project. And remember,
do not write a proposal as you write
journal articles and and reports.
Um, you are selling your idea and you
need to make the reviewer agree that it
is important and that it deserves to be
funded. So, don't ignore any of the
three aspects of this triangle. U, next,
I'm going to turn it over to Emily who
will discuss in give you more specific
tips and techniques for writing a
persuasive proposal. All right, take it
away, Emily.
>> Awesome. Thank you so much, Laura. Um,
I'm going to switch on over to how you
take all of that and start crafting your
proposal persuasively. And so, we will
revisit these topics a little bit and
delve into the proposal making process
and how to make it more persuasive.
So, the first thing that you want to
want to do before you even start
thinking about being persuasive and
writing is you want to get yourself
organized. So the most important step is
to create a proposal plan. This is going
to set yourself up for success. And to
do that, what we like to do is create
these three things. It's a checklist, a
calendar, and a shell document. And so
start by reading the solicitation very
carefully and pulling out all of the
requirements, the review criteria, and
the required documents. And that will
become your checklist. And that will
drive your timeline. That gives you
enough time to be strategic and think
through these and not so that you're
rushing at the end. The shell documents,
those are pre-formatted placeholders for
each section so you can kind of see the
full proposal structure up front at like
a bird's eye view. And if you want
support on this on creating a proposal
plan, our office can support you on
those large and strategic proposals as
well as the smaller ones on a consulting
basis. So you can request proposal
management support to help you build and
manage this plan so you can focus on the
ideas and science. But these are things
that you can also do yourself. Um but
essentially strong proposals and
and strong persuasive proposals also
need to be compliant. So the first step
to getting your proposal funded is to
actually getting it read and that really
starts with compliance. If your proposal
is not compliant, it may never even
reach the reviewers or if it does reach
the reviewers, it'll be working against
you. And back to your proposal plan,
being compliant means being organized.
And to make sure that you're answering
exactly what the solicitation is asking
for, the headers, um the order, the
formatting, all of that is extremely
important. And so, like I said, I
recommend setting up a shell document.
And that is the proposal template that
kind of already includes the required
suggested headings, the page limits, and
the formatting rules. You can see our
example shell document here. And one
thing that we like to do, and I think
that is a critical step to creating your
shell documents, is to go to the bottom
of the solicitation where the review
criteria typically are, and directly
input those into this template. That
way, when you're thinking about
responding and starting your writing
process, you're review you're writing to
the review criteria as you write. And so
the first start of being persuasive is
Next, you're going to want to make sure
that you really understand um your
audience. So, who is reading your
proposal and why do they care and why
should they care? Um your proposal has a
likely a multip a multitude of readers
and a big part of persuasion is
understanding who they are and why they
care. That's the pathos that Laura was
talking about. So ask yourself, who is
reading this? Is it a federal funder? Is
it a foundation? Maybe it's a corporate
sponsor. Those are all very different
audiences with very different
expectations and goals that they need to
meet. And even at the individual level,
your reader is likely a PhD level
person, but expertise expertise is
usually very highly specialized. And you
can't assume that your reviewer knows
your sub field or why your approach is
the obvious one. And even if they do
understand your science, they may not
even share your passion for it. So you
really have to make the case for why
it's important to them and why they
should recommend it to the funer.
And that goes back to the goals. So what
do you want the reviewer thinking when
they finish reading and how does that
align with the what the funer is trying
All right. So, this is a storyboarding
process um and the brainstorming, the
writing process. So, now that you kind
of have your plan and you understand
your fun, you can start thinking about
the story that you want to create. And
you want to relate that story to the
research that you did about the sponsor
and to the specific solicitation that
you were responding to. And so, one
really effective way to begin is not by
going straight to the template or
writing paragraphs, but by laying it
out. And you can do that by starting
with a logic model like Laura suggested.
That's a great first step. And once you
have your logic model, um you can try to
structure it a brainstorming and
storyboarding process. So what's your
vision? What's new? Pull out some of the
questions from the solicitation. So how
will this work? Who's responsible for
what? So you can really start getting to
the nitty-gritty of what your idea is.
Um oftentimes solicitations are already
asking these questions. they're just
kind of using a different language. And
so this this approach will really help
you answer what the sponsor is
specifically trying to get you to
answer. It also breaks the proposal into
really nice bite-sized chunks that makes
the writing process feel more manageable
and kind of ensures that you're being
responsive to the funers's mission and
guidelines. And so just once you've got
that proposal plan in process,
storyboarding, that logic model is a
really great way to move into the
Okay, now you can really talk about
hooking the reviewer. This is when you
can start start getting into that draft
in your in your your proposal draft. And
one of the most important parts of being
persuasive is knowing how to hook the
reviewer. This matters really most
importantly in the very first encounter
that the reviewer has with your
proposal. You don't know how much time
the reviewer has. They may be read
reading your proposal very carefully or
they may be skimming this on an airplane
or at their kids soccer game. So they
might not have a lot of time. Either
way, that opening section is doing a lot
of work for you. And that first section
can be oftentimes the the reviewer
decide whether this proposal is worth
taking seriously. And in my experience
reading proposals, I often see sometimes
the core idea or the solution, the
benefit really kind of buried and not
linked throughout the proposal. And this
is your reminding your reminder that to
bring that compelling part forward and
kind of link it throughout your proposal
because in many cases if you haven't
hooked your reviewer early enough you
might um have lost them and they might
be skimming your proposal with a certain
um attitude in mind. But the opposite is
also true. If you hook them early on you
kind of turn them into a champion and
someone who while they're reading the
rest of your proposal is looking for
reasons to support you as opposed not to
support you. And that's just
confirmation by it's at work. That first
impression that you make really kind of
sets the tone for how they're going to
All right. And this is kind of a a way
to look at hooking the reviewer. Um this
is a logical progression and hourglass
structure and it maps really nice to
this graphic here. But [clears throat]
um it starts kind of like your big ideas
are at the top and then you're going to
get a little bit more specific and then
you're going to end u a little bit more
broader as well. So you start by naming
that critical need. That's the problem
that the funder cares about or would
care about if they see it the way that
you do. This is the broad urgent
societal significant challenge. And then
you connect that to your larger goal
that aligns with the funers's mission.
After that you're going to move into
objectives. So why this problem exists?
What's missing? Why hasn't it been
solved yet? That's kind of where you
create the space for your specific
contribution. You move into the little
bit more specific nitty-gritty. So this
is the objectives of the behaviors that
are going to be changed, the products
that'll be creative, and you're pivoting
from that problem and goal into action.
So what you're going to do and how
you're going to do it. This is where you
want to get really specific. So this is
um your expertise, your aims, your
activities that are going to be done to
meet your goals. This is also where I
sometimes see more of negative reviews
coming in. Um if it's not clear how the
work will be done or how you are going
to do what you say you're going to do
and if that doesn't translate to the the
broader impacts, um they might not fund
you. Also, if you don't explain really
well why this team is the right team to
do it, that also is sometimes where I
see negative reviews come in.
Finally, you're going to widen back out
with the expected outcomes that clearly
advance the funers's mission. And then
you want to connect it directly back to
the original problem. And so this
structure works because it kind of
answers the big questions early on and
states your goals um while logically
going into the specifics and ending with
impact. And then I just want to remind
you to logically link your ideas
throughout your proposal as you're writing.
All right. and then leading with the
benefit. So once you've drafted your
proposal, a useful exercise is to go
back and notice where your benefit
statements are or where they're missing.
Every part of your proposal probably has
uh benefits, but reviewers don't always
connect the dots for you or what's
obvious to you might not be always
obvious to them. And so there are four
kind of concepts that can help you help
you surface and sharpen your benefit. So
first, start by identifying your future.
What's unique to you? Is it your lab? Is
it your data? Is it your expertise? And
then how does [clears throat] that
feature create an advantage either in
time, in money, or in risk? And then you
can translate that advantage um into the
specific benefit that responds to the
solicitation and the funer. And then you
want to highlight throughout why that
benefit, why your feature is a diff
differentiator. And why is it unique to
you? um why is it you that needs to be funded?
funded?
And this works across different
sections. So the broader impact section,
the mentoring section, some of those
supplemental documents as well. And kind
of like I mentioned before, most people
really lead with the problem, which is
okay, especially with the large problem.
But then uh they spend a lot of time
there and bury the benefit. And adding
the benefit upfront and maybe in bold
really helps the reviewer immediately
understand why you why your section
All right. And I want to get a kind of
go out a little bit into layout and
consistency. So when you're looking at
your proposal and how you're laying it
out, make sure it looks good. Remember
that your reviewer is probably pressed
for time. So you want to make it easy
for the reviewer to find your main
points. I also have really bad vision.
So when I see like really little writing
all crumped together and not a lot of
white space, it gives me anxiety. And
I'm sure your reviewers are maybe the
same way. So, use graphics, use headers,
use bulleted list, and even call outs if
you're allowed. Use colors if they're
allowed. Anything that can really draw
the reviewer's attention to the main
points of your proposal, of your solution.
solution.
Um, I want to give a quick plug for
graphics here. You'll see there's a
really nice graphic and there's really
nice call outs and tables. um
using graphics to reinforce the message
will direct the reader to um reader's
eye to the important information. It's
also a great way if you can do an
overview graphic to have the reader
understand your overall proposal in one
graphic. And we do have an upcoming PDW
that will do a deep dive into proposal
graphics um that is put on by our uh
graphic designer um Vince. And so if you
want to learn more about graphics, sign
up for that PDW.
All right. And now I'm going to end with
arguably what I think is one of the most
important things you can do for
yourself, and that is seek feedback. I'm
a very big advocate of getting feedback,
and we institute in our proposal
process, and I think every proposal
should have some type of peer review or
or person reviewing your proposal. I
think persuasive proposals are built
through feedback. And so, you should
build that into your writing process at
multiple points. early on, later anytime
you can get a couple different eyes on
your proposal. Frequent reviews at
multiple stages will just lead to a
stronger proposal. You can use peer
groups, senior colleagues, even mentors
to get their perspective and kind of
help in even get their perspective to
help interpret feedback from other
reviewers. I actually have reached out
to past awardees of grants just because
that information is public and I've had
good feedback or good responses when I
do do a cold email to somebody who has
been a previous awardee who is willing
to read a proposal that I put it together.
together.
And then once you get that uh that those
critiques, practice responding to those.
Try to be intentional about those
comments and how you're responding. Um
don't respond to everything. You don't
have to take everything to heart. Um,
some of it I it doesn't need to be
answered, but just kind of see if
there's themes and what is most
important to reply to and just that kind
of remember that that review cycle will
help sharpen your clarity and the impact
All right. And so I'm going to end with
this color review structure. This can be
really helpful. This is what we do in
proposal management. Um, this comes from
industry. So from the association for
proposal management. Um, and it's kind
of a best practice in industry. Uh,
there are four different reviews and
they're different for every stage. Each
of these colors has a different purpose
and and you don't need to use all of
them if you don't have time, but I'll
I'll I'll kind of go through them. So,
the first is this pink team review. This
is very early on. This would be the
first review that you get. Uh, it's
likely your storyboarding or your logic
model. just getting feedback kind of on
the overall storyline, the themes, is it
strategic, does it make sense? That'll
help you take that to the next level,
which is um that red team review. But
first, the green team review is a budget
review. And this is really to a budget
review that is about aligning the budget
with what's in the proposal. So, you
want to read the proposal. You want to
read the budget. And you want to make
sure they align and that you're
adequately connecting the proposal
through the through the budget.
Sometimes reviewers might read the
budget first actually and then go back
to the proposal and you just don't know
in what order that they're going to be
reviewing. So, you want to make sure
that those align.
And if you're going to do only one of
these things, I would recommend it be
the red team review. This is a near
final draft about 75 to 80% because you
do want to give yourself time to
incorporate these changes that you're
given. Um but this is just a
confirmation that the proposal contact
uh contents are complete and compliant.
Um the way that I like to run this is I
like to send the 75 80% draft to the um
to the reviewers that I've identified.
Usually about three um I want I ask them
kind of general questions. So what do
you like about the proposal? Three major
things. what do you think could be
improved and anything else? And then if
you can get that those three reviewers
in a meeting room in a Zoom to kind of
discuss those so you can ask questions,
it's a really great way to get feedback.
And then your gold team review that is
um those final like button checks 3 to 4
days prior to your submission just to
make sure that all final documents are
complete. Check the grammar, check the
formatting. You don't want to make any
changes at this point in time. you
should have already done your checks,
but this is just to make sure that
everything is in order and in line with
what you need to submit to be compliant.
And that is the last part of persuasive
proposal writing. Um, we're going to
open it to questions, but I first want
to bring this back up that we've got our
next um our next in the series is
editing your proposal part one for logic
and clarity. That's February 4th. And
then following that, uh, our last
proposal, uh, PDW is, uh, May 20th. So,
we've got a few coming up and we do
record these if you miss one, but sign
up and you'll get that recording in your inbox.
inbox.
And so, with that, I'm going to stop sharing
and uh, let me know if there's any
questions. We're also always happy um,
to take questions via email if you guys
uh, have anything that you want to ask
us. We're always available. I can put my
email in the chat.
Um, but also research development asasu.edu
asasu.edu
is also available. So any questions that
you have, we're we're available to answer.
Okay. Any questions
or tips? if you guys have a tip that you
All right. Well, if not, you will get
these slides in your email um as well as
some um other materials, but make sure
to come to our next PDW. And we hope you
all have a great day. Thank you so much.
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