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Chapter 4.3a Ionic Nomenclature

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welcome to the first video for chapter 4

section 3 chemical nomenclature

in this first video i'll be focusing on

ionic compounds and the second

video will be focused on molecular compounds

compounds

the learning objective for this video is

to derive names for common types of

inorganic compounds using a systematic

approach we will not be covering

organic compounds which are compounds

that are

mostly consist of carbons and hydrogens

we will be looking at that at a

different time

so the first thing is to think about

and essentially it's a collection of

rules for naming things

it's important to us because when we're

looking at chemicals

we often identify them by their formula

but we also need to identify

compounds by their name which means that

names must be unique

and they must be recognizable

so we need to have a system for that and

that's what this video is going to be about

about

so as i said we're going to focus on

ionic compounds to begin

and there are several different

categories of ionic compounds and we

will just move through them one by one

and talk about the process

for naming each kind the first and

simplest kind of

ionic compound that we're going to see

are ones that contain only monatomic

ions that is to say they the ions

consist of only one

atom and the process for naming these

is quite simple first you name the

cation and the

and then second you name the anion but

you change the ending of that

name to ide so for example here

we've got sodium chloride and i will

break that name down for you

we have this first guy is the cation

and then the second element we're going

to put second it's the anion

and it's chlorine but we change

in to ide so chloride

this next one consists of calcium and sulfur

sulfur

solidified

and then this last one uh even though

we've got these ratios right we have

these numbers

involved here as uh we're looking at the

formula of of this compound

but it turns out that for ionic

compounds um the ratio is determined by

the charge of the ions

oxide because we know

that oxygen makes a two minus

ion and aluminum makes a three plus ion

and that is the one ratio that they can

combine in

so monatomic ions are quite simple to name

name

ionic compound that we're going to be

naming are ones that contain

polyatomic ions these are a little bit

more complicated because you have to recognize

recognize

that there's a polyatomic ion and then

you need to know

the name of the polyatomic ion so i'm

going to list some polyatomic ions that

you should memorize

so on this side of the table we've got

the negatively charged the anions and

over here we've got the positively

charged the

cation so i'll start off with this guy ammonium

ammonium

that is nh4 plus and it's the only

cation that we're going to be dealing with

with

uh all right so then we'll go through

the anions so nitrate

is no3 minus chlorate

clo3 minus carbonate

c o three two minus sulfate

so4 2 minus phosphate

po4 3 minus and then we have hydroxide

which is just

oh minus and then we have acetate and

acetate is an interesting one

it can be written a couple of different

ways so one way to write acetate

is c2h3o2

minus or a different way to arrange

these atoms that kind of more accurately

represents the structure of the acetate

o ch3coo minus so those are actually

they have the same number of each of the

kinds of elements

um but it's just two different ways to

write that ion

so um yeah so you'll probably need to

memorize these guys

or at least become familiar with them

because you're going to need to recognize

recognize

when um compounds contain these things

uh and and and they'll often be clues um

about something that's going on so when

we name

ionic compounds that contain polyatomic

ions it's quite similar

we just name the cation and then we name

the anion

um and so this is quite simple here

we've got

a polyatomic ion and we notice that it has

has

some sodiums in it and then it's got

this guy and this is our po4

three minus which we can notice because

it's uh

um there's three units of the sodium

plus ion per one unit of the phosphate

three minus ion so what this is going to

give us

is sodium and then we just name

same thing we can have koh this is this

is we're going to recognize that hey oh

this is our hydroxide

so we're going to have potassium and

then we have hydroxide and our name

is potassium hydroxide

this works the exact same way if you're

dealing with ammonium so a really common

compound that contains ammonium whoops

um i will erase that

uh plus charge since that does not exist

once we put it into its compound

form so um if we're looking at

this compound we do the exact same thing

we name

and then we name our anion and here we should

should

so anytime you're taking an element and

making it into an anion you need to use

the ide

suffix when we're using these anions

that uh

that are polyatomic and these are the

names of them we don't need to change

the next category is containing a metal

with a variable charge for example

iron so what this means is um

if the compound that you're naming

contains a metal

like iron that can have multiple charge

states for example iron

can exist as a two plus ion or it can

also be

a three plus so we don't know

um which we've got and so the naming is

a little bit more complicated

and essentially it's just a little bit

uh all we do is we just add a roman

numeral to denote the charge state

so here we would name this iron chloride

and in fact that's still what we name it

we just add

a roman numeral in parentheses to denote

the charge state here we know that

chloride is a minus one

we've got two of them so our iron must

be a plus two

so we're gonna say this is iron two chloride

chloride

a different kind of iron chloride that

we can have is uh when we've got the

other charge state of iron

so again this is going to be iron chloride

but now it's the other kind of iron chloride

chloride

and we know that the chloride ions tend

to be minus one

and that means that our iron must be a

plus three since there are three

chloride ions here

so this is going to be iron iii chloride

um these are different chemicals they

have different compounds and you use

them for different things and so it's

very important to be able

to tell the difference between these two

just based on that name

a note about old nomenclature rules so

uh back in the day if there were charge

states multiple

metals with different charge states um

there was a notation so it would be

or ferrous chloride

and so ferro it comes from the name of the

the

of the element um and ich

is uh the higher charge state so this

and us is the lower charge state so this

would have been the iron two

whoops fe cl2 um so

you will still see these sometimes and

so just a note that that's what that

means it's it's about the charge state

these are

both iron chloride compounds but one is the

the

all right so the next kind of compound

that we'll need to be able to name

are ones that have waters attached

and we call these hydrates so these look

like this this is an example where you have

have

some kind of chemical compound and then

you have this dot

and then some waters and there's usually

a number of water molecules attached

what this means is that when you form

when you when you when this is in its

crystal form

each formula unit that's shown here has

this many formula units of water

um sort of in the crystal structure so

if you go and get this out of the jar

each mole of the stuff that you get out

you will also get

this much water and this changes the

molar mass of the compound and some

other important things

so it's really important to know what uh

hydrate you are dealing with and there

can be multiple different versions

multiple different hydrates for

different compounds so let's go ahead

and name this one

so first of all we're going to name our compound

compound

cu is copper and this guy is

unfortunately a multiple charge state

it's a transition metal

so we need to figure out what its charge

is here

luckily its partner is a polyatomic

which we know so this is sulfate

and this is a two minus so therefore uh

because of the ratio it's a one to one

ratio between the cation and the anion

we know that this must be the two plus

form of copper

so we're going to go ahead and name this

as copper sulfate

but we're going to use our roman numerals

and then we name the hydrate and what we do

is use the greek prefix for five so we

come over here and find our

um our group greek prefixes so penta is five

five

and then we're just going to see penta

whoops i missed the end penta

hydrate and that's the name of our hydrate

hydrate

so real quick i'm gonna run through the

rest of the greek prefixes so mono is one

one

die is two tri is three tetra is four

penta is five hexa is six hepta

is seven octa is nine nana

whoops octa is eight nana is nine and deca

deca

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YouTube Transcript:
Chapter 4.3a Ionic Nomenclature