The content distinguishes between thermal energy, temperature, and heat, explaining how these concepts relate to molecular motion and energy transfer, particularly in the context of chemical reactions.
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now we're going to think about some
related kind of terms
so thermal energy is some sort of
kinetic energy
or molecules so how fast are things
moving around
temperature on the other hand is a quantitative
quantitative
measure of of how hot
or cold something is
so i like to think about this in this
kind of a diagram down here
is that a hot liquid will have a higher temperature
temperature
and the reason it has a higher
temperature is because all the atoms in
there are moving
faster and faster and then when you cool
it down the atoms start moving
a lot slower so that is the difference
between temperature
and thermal energy is thinking about how
what happens in a hot liquid versus a
cold liquid
so how fast are the things that are
moving around
heat is what we're going to be really
concerned about and we're going to call
this q
and this is the transfer
so we can have different kind of
transfers that happens from something
going from hot to something going colder
so remember when things get
warmer all the atoms inside are actually
vibrating a little bit faster
are moving around a little bit faster so
this can happen in a solid liquid
or a gas so in terms of chemistry what
we're really going to look at
is our reactions and how they produce
heat and we'll give this heat uh
term a name uh later so we can think
about it exothermic reaction
and an exothermic reaction releases heat
so you can think about this as an a
going to b
and heat is on the product
side and we can feel this heat that's
coming off it'll feel
hot to us an endothermic
so our reactant actually requires some
and something like this an endothermic
reaction will
feel cold because it's actually sucking
the heat
out of our hand into the reaction itself
so some examples of an exothermic reaction
reaction
are things like combustion
kind of reactions so this is when we
burn something so if you take an
acetylene oxygen torch
and you burn it you end up getting heat
out and that's how we do a lot of our welding
welding
and cutting for the the steel and metals industry
industry
and something that's endothermic that
you might be familiar with if you've
ever gotten hurt
doing some activity you might have
gotten an ice pack
and uh and in these kinds of reactions
we are going to take something like
ammonium nitrate
and that ends up dissolving
in the water so you have to smash it so
that you can break out the water
and mix it with the ammonium nitrate and
as it dissolves
it absorbs heat so it feels
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