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How to Prepare for the Fourth Industrial Revolution | World Economic Forum | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: How to Prepare for the Fourth Industrial Revolution
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Core Theme
The discussion centers on the challenges and opportunities presented by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, emphasizing the critical need for responsive and responsible leadership to address societal divisions, rebuild trust, and ensure inclusive prosperity in an era of rapid technological advancement.
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great
great good evening my name is n Woods
I'm the founding dean of the blatnik
school of government at Oxford
University and it's a great pleasure to
be moderating uh this session at the
world economic Forum this year uh let me
just point a small logistical detail out
uh I have here an iPad on which your
questions will appear I'm not exactly
sure how you get your question onto my
iPad but um apparently there will be
instructions put on a slide but I would
welcome your questions right from the
beginning of this session I'd love it to
be a
conversation that I'm going to introduce
you to our panelists in a moment but
before we move to
that I'd just like to introduce
tonight's topic by saying that last year
at dvos we all were invited to master
the fourth Industrial Revolution greatly
helped by K Claus Schwab's excellent
book on the subject this year a different
different
challenge has
sharpened people across Europe and
across the United States have in a way
risen up and
said we don't feel we belong and we
don't feel we're being heard by leaders
in the public sector and sometimes
leaders in the private sect sector
sector
the Claus Schwab proposed to us on the
eve of this year's World economic Forum
that that fact means that we all have to
now focus on responsive and responsible
leadership and he put to us the idea
that a good leader has radar and a
compass so think about what president Xi
Jinping told us this morning if we want
to cross the ocean can't Retreat back
into the but every time there's a storm
so the leaders in this room certainly
need radar to know what citizens are
thinking and wanting and concerned about
you certainly need a compass as
Professor Schwab tells us the values
that are going to take you
forward but I think we need to add one
thing you need a crew you need to bring
people along with you governments across
the world need a narrative that helps
people people to feel that they do
belong that they are being heard that's
one way that they can start to rebuild
trust so what we're going to do on
tonight's panel is we're going to share
have these panelists share their wisdom
on where we are at the beginning of
2017 and what are the ways that we can
begin to rebuild trust and to manage the
fourth Industrial Revolution in a way
that helps societies come together more
cohesively more
prosperously and I'd like to start by
turning to Dr Vishal Sika the CEO of
infas Vishal you're the son of a
Railways engineer you saw
technology at that phase and you're also
a surfer so you know all about dodging the
the waves
waves
um what's the disruption that we most
need to pay attention to that's coming
from the new technologies and and why
why should we pay so much attention to
the dis to the
disruption I think the uh if you look at
the um the the way the people are
affected as you described um and all the
geopolitical changes that are happening
they are all happening within the wider
context of the technological disruption
that is impacting all of us in
particular the development and the
advance of of AI technology I think that
a artificial intelligence and certainly
the advance that we have seen just in
the last one year and certainly in the
last few years when I look back on this
time compared to when I was a PhD
student studying AI it is staggering and
yet in many ways we are in the
beginnings of this technology and the
Revolution and in many ways we Face the
prospect of leaving a larger SWA of
humanity behind us um in the light of
this technology than any technology that
we have ever created so we need to be
extra careful extra conscious put in an
extra effort to ensure that we don't
create a bigger divide uh that we don't
create a even bigger Society of have
knots that the technology that we build
now is in service of everyone uh and
that means
education a deep commitment to education
that means a a deep commitment to
helping people bridge this displacement
Gap uh when Technologies disrupt jobs
and and so forth uh that means uh
creating a sense of we can create and
reshape the future of these Technologies
for our future in a way that benefits
everyone and doesn't leave large parts
of humanity behind that's what I see so
so in Britain in the United States in
other countries in Europe it feels as
though people are staging a mutiny the
crew are not with established
governments and established leaders is
that happening in
India um is there a fear of mutiny or a
risk of mutiny I think uh and M if I can
speak about this in um much more
richness the uh I think in India there
is a tremendous opportunity there is a
um it's a in India is a young country
India is a technologically advanced
country uh India is a very
entrepreneurial country in ways that are
not seen in the outside and yet when you
look at the recent um uh demonetization
that was done in India you can see both
of these aspects at play the opportunity
that technology can create and the way
that some of these disruptions can
really affect the com the the ordinary
people so the answer to your question is
both yes and no depending on how we look
at India but perhaps mesh can speak
about this in more detail well let me
move straight to Mukesh then mesh Amani
you've watched Reliance grow from being
a 1 million company to being a $70
billion company that's extraordinary
growth but in a country where there's a
lot of poverty and there's also a
fantastic democratic tradition of of
rebellion what what's your view on the
disruption in
India well I think uh if we first start
with what Vishal said in terms of
uh how do people how does Humanity
progress and how do we as a society
progress right I think that at this time
in India we are blessed with uh having
very strong leadership from our prime
minister Mr Modi he
has painted a vision for India which
creates foundations because when you
Embrace technology you should use
technology for the good of all people
and I think that the Technologies of the
fourth Industrial Revolution really are
all inclusive and will benefit
all and there require a sense of
foundation and let me you know quickly
just tell you what Vishal said so even
if we are a very young country we have
200 million of our 1.2 billion in
schools and clearly education needs to
transform itself the fastest way that we
can transform education in a big country
like India is use technology it's the
biggest equalizer it can produce results
in not decades but in the next 3 to 5
years and that can then create and
benefit all so for all of this you
really need a foundation and you need
for a country and a society to embrace
rather than isolate itself to as uh
Premier Z said in the morning that
uh if the world is interconnected by
oceans you don't need to divide it into
rivers and lakes and the same thing is
true when you want to embrace uh
technology so from that point of view
yes I also believe that uh all the
components of technology and
particularly the fourth Industrial
Revolution Technologies are all
inclusive so in a sense they are the
biggest equalizer for a country like
India for all all our 1.2 billion people
we in India have uh a foundation where
we have got an identity system for over
1.1 billion people this will then enable
us right with the recent
demonetization and the movement to
digital cash uh so far India has been
only what I call a high value low volume
credit transaction so the common man the
ordinary man the people whose voice
uh everybody should hear right had no
access to credit I think that that can
change very very fast with embracement
of technology and you know there can be
many such uh example
so in summary what is happening in India
is that we are
embracing technology for leadership our
young people are embracing technology
Society is moving and in the last 90
days because of demonetization we've had
a major movement to what I call less
cash or digital cash and people have
accepted that there is support at the
grassroot level because in the end they
think it is for a better life for
themselves and as long as uh we are
responsible to deliver that and I
believe that the fourth Industrial
Revolution Technologies can deliver that
it'll do well but can I ask you very
personally you know the world many many
people across the world are saying that
globalization has been managed you know
by folks like all of
us and has benefited the top 1% much
much more than anyone
else that's in sharp Focus now what do
you feel personally as your as one of
the 1% so what's your personal
responsibility is it to support your
government to distribute better is it to
how how do you see that moving forward
how do you see your own responsibility
moving forward well I think that it is very
very
important that opportunities are given
equally to all right and what
interconnected like we
have all 7 billion people on this world
are in a sense should be connected and
they should have a shared Destiny and shared
shared
Prosperity doing that that right once
you have access to opportunity you first
have to create wealth before you can
distribute wealth so for a country like
India I am extremely committed and as I
have seen the wealth creation on a
grassroot basis right uh it's important
that to raise standards of living and
quality of life for all our billion
people we give a fair share of
opportunity to everybody give education
to everybody
embrace the free market for creation of
wealth and then once wealth is created
right distribution is the easier problem
to have but you shouldn't shun creation
of wealth creation of wealth is more
important than distribution of we right
I mean I think in a lot of parts of the
world people are saying yes we've been
hearing that for 30 years but it looks
as though the distribution is becoming
more and more skewed to the top
1% Mark Benny off
your chair and CEO of
Salesforce um and you tell me a
committed ukulele player um but how do
you see the responsibility of the
1% who have so benefited from
globalization yeah well for me when I
started a Salesforce uh you know 17
years ago I thought a lot about how do
we integrate companies more deeply into
society how do we get back how do we um
support many of the NGS that are here
that's why when we started our company
we put 1% of our Equity our profit and
our time into a a nonprofit and NGO code
salesforce.org it was easy at the time
because we had no employees we had no
products or Equity uh but today of
course you know we are a company with a
market cap of 50 Something billion
dollars and we have 25,000 employees and
so we've been able to give
back um um hundreds of Millions but also
millions of hours of volunteerism and we
run 30,000 nonprofits and Nos and many
of them are here uh for free on our
services equality in the equality crisis
certainly is a child of
globalization you know the access to
Capital and the access to this
technology that is really available to
so few then really gives them this kind
of incredible unfair advantage and up
they have gone I think coming back to
vishal's comment I think that when we
look at what's happening right now in
technology um this this is the moment I
think when we have the highest level of
anxiety because we can see advancements
in artificial intelligence that are
beyond what we um even expected it's
happening at a rate and capability that
we're worrying that um how how will this
impact um uh the the every man and also
the the the the broad broad range of
workers across the world this year my
heart has been with so many migrants and
refugees who um 65 million refugees
across the world and these touching
stories and and and and and thinking
about um how they're going to get back
to stability in
homes I I think now about how artificial
intelligence will create digital
refugees and how people will be
displaced from jobs tens of millions of
people across the planet because
technology is moving forward so rapidly
creating much lower cost much easier to
use and much more capable uh work
environments so companies
individuals um very people that we have
here we have to decide are we going to
be committed to supporting uh and improving
improving
uh this uh state of the world or are we
just going to kind of let this go as it
is and so we're really at a very we're
at a crucial crucial point right now uh
I'm convinced can I just uh follow up so
what's the solution to that you've just
painted a picture
of hundreds of thousands millions of
people who will no longer have
jobs and and what is it that you think
leaders should be doing now to ensure
that those those people feel included
and heard in the Societies in which they
live well I think that you know that
throughout history technology has
displaced workers but then workers have
the opportunity to be trained or
retrained or vocational training or
education or supported and today there's
more people working in the world than
there ever has been in the history of
the world as evidence to that point so
we're at a very good place actually now
obviously there's 200 million youth you
know who are unemployed that's a a
terrible statistic that we need to focus
on there is you know pockets of dramatic
unemployment throughout the world even
where I live in the United States but we
are at a point where it's possible that
this technology could accelerate to the
point where we'll see this kind of
creation of these uh digital refugees
and I think that that is something that
we really need to be mindful of and
start having these very serious
conversations multi-stakeholder
dialogues honestly you know where we can
bring together corporate leaders
government leaders social leaders NOS
only through a multi-stakeholder
dialogue are we going to get this answer
there is no you know clear path forward
and as V said so well all this has just
happened you know in a matter of months
so we are really just on the just you
know it's a fairly recent um observation
of what What's happen happening today
it's quite it's quite you know it's an
amazing time that's why we call it the
fourth Industrial Revolution this is
incredible what is happening all these
things at once cloud computing mobile
Computing artificial intelligence
genetic engineering all these things are
happening all at one so well articulated
in Professor Schwab's book so and what's
the thing that's happened just in the
last few months to which you're
referring well the advancements in
artificial intelligence the ability for
the software to learn more rapidly than
we we expected MH um can I move to Mary
barah um Mary you grew up child of a die
maker and but put yourself through
college and you've been at GM 36 years
um your crew probably trust you a lot in
fact there's lots of evidence that they
do but you're in a car industry that's
negotiating difficult Waters some would
say that the government in the United
States is threatening to do what
president xiin ping this morning said to
retreat to retreat back to its own
Harbor or to require its companies to
retreat back to their own Harbor
um what's your strategy in those
difficult Waters well you know clearly
the clearly the the industry uh the Auto
industry is undergoing you know rapid
transformation as almost every industry
is in uh not only you know advancements
in I'll say the traditional owner driver
model but then you know the
opportunities with autonomist that you
know do provide a lot of societal
benefit when you think about the fact
that uh whether it's it's the population
that can't uh doesn't have the skills to
drive uh or the physical ability to
drive autonomous really provides uh
freedom of getting from point A to point
B which for all of us that can do that
is is a huge benefit so you know we look
at the technology are coming we see how
it is going to improve for society but
you know we have to look at how how are
those shifts going to be made and and
how do we manage that business and you
know clearly uh articulating the vision
so our employees it's for us I think it
starts with our employees and our
customers of understanding and and
building the trust of here's where we're
going and you know here's how things
will change and and how we have to adapt
but then also Pro providing a road map
I've talked about the fact that you need
to be incredibly transparent in order to
have trust people people have to you you
really have to paint the picture and and
not only share the good news but share
the difficult news and then the
solutions how you're going to move
forward one of the other key areas and
and a couple of the other panelists have
mentioned is education and we're at at
General Motors investing a lot in not
only educating our existing um employees
for the new technical skills that are
going to be needed but also reaching
deep um into all the communities in
which we live and work in the education
systems there of how can we support to
make sure um there's more stem uh
education involved and we just got
involved with a girl a strategic
partnership was announced with girls who
code because when you look at um and and
deep diving into the middle school to
make sure young girls are are not making
decisions at that point that are going
to you know really make it more
difficult for them to get involved in a
Technology field because technology is a
part of almost every industry so you
know there's an obligation that we feel
from to our employees in communicating
and painting the picture of where
they're going and providing the road
maps that you know each individually
eventually has to be accountable for but
then also reaching deeper into making
sure that as the workforce as we grow
the workforce as as you know children
enter the workforce and and young adults
that they've got the skills that are
going to be necessary because right now
not only do we have uh some that are
unemployed but we also have areas where
you know there's there's jobs available
and we don't have people with the skill
set so if you if you fast forward 10
years in your industry will it be mostly
robots no I mean I I still think the
traditional owner driver model of I get
in you know drive my own vehicle I mean
think that there's markets around the
world that you know they aspire to have
that type of personal Mobility I think
autonomous if you put yourself if you
put um the customer in the center and
look at how do I add PE value to
people's lives uh you know it's going to
be the full range from the model we know
today to dense urban areas that
autonomous is going to make sense
because it reduces congestion uh you
know driving isn't that
um uh remarkable when you're in stop and
go traffic with no place to park and so
if you look at solving real issues for
for the customer I think there's going
to be a wide variety of solutions for a
very long time but I guess I'm asking um
when President elect
Trump um suggests to a different company
that they should produce their cars in
America not
Mexico there's an assumption that the
jobs will go to American workers instead
of Mexican workers but surely in the end
it's just going to go to American
robots the people who make car I think
that's a bit of a jump I think that's a
bit of a jump having been in the company
for 36 years and actually worked in the
area where you know when you look from a
from a Workforce perspective yes there's
automation that's used but when you need
flexibility and you think about the
customization that happens in our
industry the most flexible uh uh asset
is is a human being that can do do
different things so I still think it's
going to be a blend I I see it every day
um and so I I I I think that's
oversimplifying what's really going to
happen thank you um chairman Shu can I
come to you you're chairman of uh
China's um electricity grid company you
grew up in the countryside outside of
Beijing um your parents had no
electricity but you were part of a
generation that did have electricity and
you were telling me about your love of
reading No Doubt with electric
light I doubt you dreamt that you would
be heading
China's electricity grid company did you
dream that as a child no no no and now
you're there you've got a tough job
because the Chinese people the Chinese government
government
say that they have a crisis of polluted
air polluted food polluted
water and yet you've got a billion
people to provide energy for and you're
right at the heart of that yeah is
technology going to help you do that yes yes
yes
sure uh yeah I'm a electrical engineer
and I have been I have been working uh
for the power
industry uh over 35 years
already uh yes in my childhood it just
started uh to uh electrification in the rural
rural
areas uh but now uh China's power
industry is uh very strong mhm uh state
grade of China corpor Corporation of
China uh ranked number two uh in the uh
five uh for uh Global for 500 number two
now and with a ten no over three uh
three uh 100 billion US
Dollars and we are facing a lot of
energies MH first of all you know China
energy sector the co uh is dominated M
so how
to uh uh provide the electricity to the
1.3 billion people and also with uh
clean and uh clean and clean and the
safe and the
reliable energy that's our
challenge uh for for many years we have
put a lot of uh put a lot of effort on
that uh the
first uh one is a Technology Innovation
so in my company we have invented the
UV technology you know UV techn
technology means we we
upgrade uh the the voltage of the
transmission M so in China in my company
we have
1100 uh plus and minus 1100 KV
transmission lines uh also we have
invented the 800 KV USV DC technology
with that
technology with the USV DC technology we
can transmit the power from the West
part of the country to the East part and
in the west we have a
plentiful of the water uh uh resources
and the core resources especially we
have a uh renewable energy located in
the west so how to transmit the large
part of the power to the uh load Center
in the East
High so last week a couple of your
cities were asphyxiating in the smog
how it's a race isn't it you need to get
electricity to the poorest parts of
China yes but your cities have to be
livable yeah and they're becoming
unlivable yeah so can you win that race
yeah we uh uh we have made achievement
for for the power of wall every every
household in China now can be exess of
the electricity MH yeah M
that put a lot of effort a lot so now in
China even you live in the very remote
areas you can no problem to use the
electricity yeah and what about the
other panelists have talked
about the the kind of reactions to
globalization president xiin ping
mentioned it this morning I remember
being in China when China was exceeding
to the WTO and there was a very Lively
debate about the pros and cons of
globalization but is there is there an anti-globalization
anti-globalization
movement yeah in China is there a
concern that that people are worried
that the reason why their air is dirty
is because of globalization is that part
of what you're thinking about yeah uh in
the morning president Shin gave a very
important speech after president's
speech I heard a lot of discussions from
the audience from the
cers they think uh they all think
president uh Speech give first one gave
a confidence uh to the uh world
society they they gave the confidence
for China
economy uh give us a uh a clean picture
for uh sustainable development for China
we will maintain the uh relatively high
high higher uh grow
rate the this confidence will help the
world economic uh development I think
this is a very very very important
message for today's uh World economy for
the globalization in China uh we I think
in my personal view uh I think the
globalization is
inevitable it's good for uh for the
world economy uh development in my
company we have uh uh isight in uh seven
in six countries we have uh uh take the
share we have to uh taken the shares of
the Isis for the transmission
and the distribution is and uh we are
going to continue we
hope uh the globalization will move very
uh uh normal and then no obligation for
the investment but you must be worried
that while Chinese people are believing
in globalization a lot of people in the
markets to whom you sell are urging
their governments to close
borders no no so
so you will you will
need um the cooperation of those other
those other countries yeah to continue
yes we need a cooperation with uh
internation internationally so uh for my
company we are looking we are still
looking for some
opportunities uh to uh uh corporate with
our uh
in in the enery sector so we are looking
for that very good thank you very much
um some questions are coming in from the
audience I have to say lots of them and
I'm going to throw this to all the panel
and the bravest one will put his or her
hand up first but the questions are
quite a lot about when will the usual
prescriptions of education and
Entrepreneurship um be recognized as not good
good
enough we've heard this every year at
daros Mark let me let me throw that one
or V Mark and Vel you know you've both
mentioned education and Entrepreneurship
simp simple answer to that never
education and Entrepreneurship are the
correct answers the reason that we keep
hearing about these over and over again
is we are just not doing enough of these
um we there is no other answer the
everything that we have learned to do is
something that we have learned to do it
is there is no magic here uh all these
technologies that are reshaping the
world around us all these movements have
to be train we people have to be trained
on these people have to be taught these
there is no magic to it um
entrepreneurship why is entrepreneurship
important important I think you have you
know all all of us here are
entrepreneurs Mark's example that Mark
talked about is an example of
Entrepreneurship and of giving um the
the solution seem straightforward um it
is in the implementation of these that
uh is where all the the magic is um in
my mind you know John McCarthy the
father of artificial intelligence once
said that articulating a problem is half
the solution we are rapidly approaching
a time where AI is going to be able to
solve the problems that we can
articulate mechanically uh the human
Frontier is problem finding and today we
still live in a time where you know
Innovation or entrepreneurship is
something that is viewed as a mystical
thing that that is available to a Chosen
Few people that there are the
entrepreneurs Who come out of somewhere
and then they invent things
but the reality is that the act of
invention is something that can be
taught um people can be trained to see
something that is not there and that if
it was there it would improve the world
and this is an act of Entrepreneurship
so um education and Entrepreneurship are
the answer we just aren't doing enough
of it okay so Mark you're you're nodding
but across across the United States and
Europe there's been a mutiny this last
year a revolution um yeah I'd like to go
back to your last question first which
is that I'm asking about that so is it
that people are just not doing the
education and
Entrepreneurship uh well I think you've
got two different things going on I
think one is we're going to have to
exactly what Vall said number one is
we're going to have to continue to
explore uh new models of Education
certainly in the United States our
Public School System uh needs all of our
attention I have encouraged you know
every CEO to adopt a public school in
the United States we've
I've done that I've you know our company
has also adopted a public school
district obviously there's going to have
to be new models of Education including
vocational training new ideas things
that have been pioneered here in
Switzerland but that may not be enough
we may also have to bifurcate to basic
income as well and that is something
that you're hearing a little bit here at
the conference we've heard that um uh in
guian uh session here in his work uh we
see those basic income experiments
happening even where I am in Oakland uh
funded by the co y combinator Sam Alman
we've seen them in other parts of Europe
and Africa um in India as well I think
that is going to be potentially
something that's going to have to be
explored uh we're in we're entering some
new territories m is it is it time for a
new code for private sector leaders you
know some would say that we've come
through a kind of cowboy period Frontier
period M um where any goes because the
benefits will eventually trickle down
but do you think we're now on the
threshold of a different code well I
mean that's why we're here at the world
economic Forum where this forum is built
on something that I believe is
absolutely critical for the future which
is stakeholder theory that CEOs can
pivot to this idea that they're all
about shareholders and that the business
of business is business or cosos can
pivot to stakeholder Theory which is
what Professor Schwab pioneered uh in
the early 7s and built this forum on
which is that a CEO has to take care of
many stakeholders not just the
shareholders but their course customers
Partners employees um as well as their
local community their schools the
environment these are all stakeholders
and as Leaders modern leaders here at
this forum we have to think about
stakeholder Theory um as I think one of
our key paths forward certainly we're
the the engaging in multi-stakeholder
dialogues especially when you see all
kinds of different voices emerging in
the world some that we might like some
that we might not like but only through
multistakeholder dialogue will we be
able to elevate um our Consciousness and
get to these answers we are um going
through a major shift in the world
everybody here knows that and so these
are some of the answers one of the
reasons that I love coming to this
conference by the way is because it's
built on that foundation and I'd like to
ask each of you because you are all
regular is with the exception of
chairman Shu who it's a delight to have
with us this year but so you come to the
world economic forum and you do get this
opportunity to debate
values challenges could you each give us
an example of something that you've gone
away and either thought differently
about or changed in your own company as
a result
mesh do you have a a thought on
that well I just uh add a few few years
ago right we changed the as our own
company became big and came out of our
own interactions that uh for a company
it's very important to generate societal
value right all of us live in society
Society gives you a license to operate
in a business and until you add value to
that you just cannot do it only for your
shareholders or your employees or you
know you you have to make a difference
and uh we started measuring that and we
now publish that and we make sure that
uh everybody understands that uh uh
societal value is important because that
is important for sustainability because
on an ongoing basis the corporation can
survive so that's one example that came
out of interactions here where we
changed in the last four or five years
MH Mary what what would what would your
example be or what would you want this
year's leaders to take away and do
differently well I think uh it really
gets to truly focusing on the customer
and solving real issues and I think you
know you talk when you really see an
issue that you can solve um that that's
when people innovate and it's not just
entrepreneurs in in you know one area of
the country or the world it but it's
everyone in their job of how do they
make it better how do they really focus
on the customer and I think also um
looking at all of the stakeholders and
so I think those are two things at
General Motors we very much you know we
we say we want to be the most valued
automotive company but it's not valuable
to just our owners but we feel as we um
work and and have strong relationships
and and do the right thing across all of
our stakeholders that in the end will be
the best solution for our shareholders
but the the core of that starts with the
customer and truly focusing on what is
really going to add value to the
customer going to improve improve their
life and when you get a whole
organization 12,000 people looking at
how do I how do I improve every day make
it better and focus on making decisions
around the customer um it really
energizes the entire company but I want
to just add to what Mary said because
she's been an advocate for this and I
think that one of the key
stakeholders in the world is women you
know if we look at where we are on
gender equality the world economic Forum
has said it's going to take another
something like 170 years to get to
parody with men we don't have time to
wait you know every CEO needs to look at
are you paying men and women the same
that that is something that every CEO
can do today we all have modern Human
Resource Management systems but as a CEO
are you willing to step up and say I pay
men and women the same I'm providing not
only equal opportunity and equal
advancement but also equal pay that
that's I think a major shift to empower
women in society is I think critic part
of the voice in getting that across
Belle can I come to you I mean this is a
particular year because as I keep
repeating you there has been a
mutiny what's what's the thing that you
think leaders should take away this year
I think that um two things that so Mark
earlier talked about the giving that his
company does and has exemplified we have
to ask ourselves do we all do something
of that sort and and do that the um how
how much do we invest in training uh in
Australia they recently put in a a law
to get 1% of the uh salaries or income
uh for train employee training how many
of us are doing that um the I think that
this idea of Designing systems for a for
a for few is something that we have to
abandon and we have to Design Systems
products and services for everyone
especially for the have kns um we we
have that is a and that requires a
unique commitment to empathy um to and
design thinking is an example of this um
designing Mary talked about this
designing cars and um and systems of
that sort with the end user in mind uh
including the displaced people the I
think that the asymmetry in technology I
mean if you just look at uh the top five
companies in the world by market cap now
are technology companies and and I
always wonder why isn't every company a
technology company um what is it about
technology we all learned learn
technology you know it did not drop from
the skies we learned technology and we
learned to build it um why can't we
bring this idea of
um Building Technology for everyone um
for for all of us so I think inclusive
technology uh creating access to these
things we should as corporations as CEOs
As Leaders stop waiting around for
somebody else to come and tell us to do
things or um for for somebody else to do
them for us and instead take the
initiative and do in doing these things
ourselves and can I pick up with that
because you're talking about inclusive
technology now what we can see the
digital revolution has done is polarized
societies created Echo Chambers people
only talking to people who agree with
them and their views become magnified
and polarized we all live in very
diverse societies this is very dangerous
terrain where Society instead of pulling
more together is fragmenting and pulling
apart is there a software solution to
that um the
not software for collaboration you know
uh one of the um so the answer to that
is again yes and no the um in the early
days when the memo was written to create
um the internet um jcr licklider wrote
this memo called uh connecting the um
the interplanetary the intergalactic
communication Network and uh the idea
because he he thought that you know
Engineers will try to lob all things and
then they will build a network for the
planet um and which is what we ended up
doing with the internet over the last 40
50 years um the so on the one hand
technology has connected us in an
extraordinary way uh if you just look at
how well how deeply connected we all are
as a society now I mean um we had the
opportunity to work with Mukesh Bai on
his new Venture in Gio and there are now
something like in the last 4 months 80
million people in India who are
subscribers of go um so technology has
an incredible ability to connect us and
uh um and unite us and yet a software
for collaboration is something that is
still in a very primitive state if you
look at the way we do our word
processing or um know crunching
capturing information and so forth it is
still largely the same as it has been
for the last 30 years or so uh
technology to really help us collaborate
to help us achieve a shared perspective
a shared meaning is is still in early
stages we still have to come together to
places like Davos and and sit together
to really understand what is going on we
don't yet have software that helps us
get there more conveniently so it is on
the one hand yes and on the other hand
it is still early and and the
counternarrative to that is that
software is also dividing us certainly
you can see in social media especially
in regards to recent events that are I
don't have to go into in detail that um
the software was used in many cases to
divide Society uh Bots were created to
take on uh Anonymous uh positions in
social media that look like humans
amplifying um uh narratives that may not
have been true and that is an example
where the technology is dividing us so
this again this is a new frontier this
is also part of the fourth Industrial
Revolution when we look at what has
social media done to us yes we like to
be on Twitter we get real-time feedback
I'm getting that right here I'm looking
at what people are saying and what they
want me to respond to just as you are on
your iPad and of course that's part of
the fourth Industrial Revolution but the
other side of it is there's also account
um all kinds of intelligence and and
network uh capability that's out there
trying to push this Society in a certain
direction that is new that's certainly
something that we really have not seen
happen before so but
solutions from Mark or from anyone on
the panel you know that this is
dangerous stuff when the Technologies
become magnifiers of fear of hatred of
others of
polarization because we know that when
people are afraid they don't work
together and that means that they turn
to governments as it were that don't
permit them to work together that
control them and coers them so this is a
this is a pretty important moment for so
are there Solutions if technology is the
driver of this are there Technology
Solutions for it I don't know if it's
necessary a technology solution but I
think now more than ever corporations
governments communities and Mark said
this before we have to work together and
you know there and and and demonstrate
and and look at some of the broader
issues that society as a whole the world
is facing uh and and take action I mean
in the Auto industry you know one of the
things we feel very responsible for is
how do we improve the environment and
and the Investments that we're making in
the technology leadership so I think is
if you know governments countries um
communities if we work together to solve
some of these issues and solve some of
the bigger problems I think it
demonstrates you know that we can work
together I don't know if there's a
software solution for people stepping
back and wanting to listen and wanting
to understand another point of View and
respecting another point of view even if
it's not theirs and but I I think
there's a role that we can play that we
have to work together in a way we
haven't um to this point chairman Shu
can I come to you because an underlying
theme um of this Mutiny is that
International cooperation itself could
be at risk and you've LED on
International cooperation in technology
yeah in the
IEC um what is most at risk there why
why is it that we really need
International cooperation on technology
in your sector yeah I mean it's nice to
have but is there any part of it that is
absolutely essential yes uh I have been
working for I for many years I stands
for international electr technical
commission mhm uh the uh product of the
standards uh standards can promote the
international trat with uh technical technology
technology
standards and uh
IC now has over
20,000 expertise Engineers from all over
the world so uh with the I
standardization uh we uh the manufacturers
manufacturers
and the
labs and uh they
can manufact man manufacture their
products according to a unique
standardization this much helpful do you
think it's going to become more
difficult though uh not really difficult
because I was founded in 1906 11 years already
already
and it's a very very good uh work proced
working procedure everyone can
participate for the uh standardization
development it's very uh uh
uh
standard we
mean the standards are produced by
consensus people will uh uh agree every
everyone iiz person will had to be agree
with the standards and how important to
that process is the fact that you all
know each other yes I mean how long how
long would you say the engineers in this
group have been getting together from
different countries how long have you
known your fellow
Engineers yeah uh the Ia work uh they
divided many groups we called it uh we
called uh uh it uh uh technical committee
committee
TCS in in the TC they they are working
in the spe specific area for example like
like
electrical electrical cars Engineers
come together they meet several times in
in the year and the for one standard may
take several years to to uh uh to finish
a is standards M
it's uh very
careful uh for the standardization I
should say yeah no no no no no difficult
people are very in sutic to participate
the standardization
development we can't we can't see any
difficult to to do it yeah right it's a
it's a very important and interesting
reflection because a lot of us are
watching the more ible aspects of international
international
cooperation um at risk or breaking down
and that basic Insight of people knowing
one another coming together trusting one
another and forging standards or as Mark
put it coming to daros each year knowing
one another looking at each other in the
face coming to you know raise the
standard of what you expect of yourself
what you expect to do for the society
around you could I ask you before we
close I'd just like one sentence from
each of you about what you
think leaders across the private or the
public sector or both what is it that
leaders should do differently this year
as a result of the wakeup call of the last
last
year um two things come to my mind um
one is uh resolve to bring access to uh
new technologies to everyone and second
entrepreneurs Mark well I've told you
one thing which is I think that every
coo needs to adopt a a public school I I
really think that you know we're going
to Pivot to where each of us are is
going to have to take personal action to
overcome the kind of um um levels of of
inequality that we're seeing as we kind
of head back to our hometowns wherever
they are you know you don't have to go
very far even in San Francisco where I
am where I can find you know very high
levels of inequality I think that
everybody has to really focus on this
and take this seriously and and do one
thing it could be Adopt A School it it
it could be working more closely with an
NGO um that there's a commitment I think
that each of us has to make to kind of
get to the move this ball
Ford thank you
uh last year it was about understanding
the Technologies of the fourth
Industrial Revolution this year it's
about implementing them keeping in mind that
that
uh prosperity and benefit to all people
and people are always above
technology embracing these Technologies
for the benefit of the people is our
challenge I I agree with what all the
panelists have said and you know clearly
uh the foundation of education and
Innovation entrepreneurship but I also
think we have an obligation to go back
and uh you know one very uh tangible
thing we can do is is really talk about
biases everyone has biases and you know
how do we um if once you realize you
have them then you you know you can
start to look and and see people in a
different light and uh you know work
with Cheryl Samberg and lean in on
understanding bias it's it's training
now we're doing at General Motors to
improve our business but I think it it
expands because once you you start to
see that in yourself it it I think it
expands to not only you know where you
work but your communities and how you
can you know really start to embrace
different points of view so I I think
you know in addition to to education we
we really have to challenge ourselves
everyone and there's things corporations
can do from a training perspective to
get people to to to have a more open
View and to to to to listen and to understand
understand
others thank you chairman Shu yeah uh
last here we uh still GD uh has uh uh
done two things mainly one is a
renewable energy
development uh in our uh company we have
over 2 200 megawatt renewable energy uh
part of uh
1.3 uh
130 uh megawatt for the V power and over
700 uh megawatt for the solar power
that's uh our last year efforts the
second one is a uh rural electrification
so we have a people uh to have a more
reliable power supply but for this year
we we focus focus on the one belt one
road one belt one road uh initiatives we
will uh uh cooperate cooperate with uh
neighbor countries and and some other uh
and the other countries uh for the
infrastructure connectivity that's how
uh this year I uh
Focus thank you very much I think
tonight's discussion and your comments
and questions really highlight that in
some countries of the world particularly
what some would call Western democracies
there has been a mutiny but in others
there has not been and those are the
countries that as it were are still
focused on delivering more and better
just as chairman Shu and Mukesh and
but I think in all of these countries
there is still a lesson from the last
year and I'd just like to come back to
that as a rally and call for this year's
Davos which is that citizens are not
just consumers you can't just deliver to
them whether it's in Chinese factories
or on the streets of India fighting
corruption whatever it is or whether
it's the young disaffected unemployed
men in Europe who are joining terrorist
organizations why a huge part is a sense
a human need to belong and a human need
to be
heard and if humans are not belonging to
their National Community or the
narrative that their government sets for
them they will find others and those
others will jeopardize a lot of what
most of us care about so I think it's
for daros this year to to bring all of
this Innovation these ideas about how
you bring people with you Mary's ideas
about how to do that in GM Mark and
vishal's ideas about the values that you
can that you can bring behind that uh
Mukesh and chairman shu's ideas about
the way they're delivering better we
need to bring all of that Innovative
energy to really thinking about how we
can support communities locally and
nationally to to create a system in
which people
feel they belong and feel that they're
being heard now you could say I would
say that I'm the dean of a school of
government but government is absolutely
Central to that because it's governments
that use words that create narratives
which either help people feel they
belong help them feel they've got a
voice or don't and I think that's the
Innovation I'd love to see come out of
Davos but could you join me in thanking
um and appreciating each of our
panelists for terrific contributions
this evening thank you [Applause]
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