0:02 believe it or not we live and breathe
0:04 sociology every day we interact in
0:06 groups on a daily basis and we depend on
0:09 each other for socialization because of
0:11 this we might take sociology for granted
0:14 we might not even know that we create
0:17 and recreate our social World daily
0:19 isn't sociology just common sense well
0:23 not really Common Sense depends on our
0:25 own observations and life experiences
0:28 but those observations and experien Es
0:30 are often very different from someone
0:32 say who lives in a different part of the
0:34 country or world not everyone's
0:37 experiences are the same people don't
0:39 behave the way they are just because
0:42 that's who they are we are heavily
0:44 influenced by Society sociology applies
0:47 the scientific method and aims to
0:49 understand how groups of people may
0:51 experience life and be affected by
0:53 values beliefs behaviors and even events
0:58 and the way Society is struct Ed
1:00 applying a scientific analysis helps us
1:03 begin to understand a large socially
1:05 complex picture so what is the
1:07 scientific method let's break it down
1:09 into six steps that will give us a
1:11 greater understanding of how the
1:13 discipline of sociology is different
1:15 than Common Sense the first step in the
1:18 scientific method is to ask a question
1:20 really you can either ask a question
1:22 Define a problem or Define an area of
1:25 Interest being very specific and narrow
1:28 is important in this step asking a
1:30 question such as what makes a culture
1:32 rich is too vague because the word Rich
1:35 can be defined in a number of different
1:36 ways do we mean rich as in monetary
1:39 wealth or do we mean rich as in living
1:42 fulfilling lives or maybe we mean the
1:45 material products a culture produces and
1:47 their value to society the more specific
1:49 you are the better chance there is to
1:51 have a valid study or a study that
1:54 measures what it is meant to
1:56 measure next you need to research
1:58 existing sources
2:00 this step is otherwise known as a
2:02 literature review researching existing
2:04 studies helps a researcher understand
2:06 their own topic better and to build a
2:08 study that would add to the research
2:10 already conducted one thing you want to
2:13 make sure that you absolutely do not do
2:15 is to create a study that has already
2:17 been done or to plagiarize previous work
2:21 after this step you formulate a
2:23 hypothesis you may have already heard a
2:25 hypothesis defined as an educated guess
2:28 while this is true there's a bit more to
2:30 a hypothesis a hypothesis makes a
2:33 correlation between two variables one
2:36 variable tends to predict how another
2:38 variable will change these two variables
2:41 are referred to as the independent and
2:43 dependent variables the independent
2:45 variable is the cause of the change the
2:48 dependent variable is the effect or the
2:50 thing that is changed in other words the
2:53 dependent variable depends on the
2:55 independent variable for its results if
2:57 we are studying gender and want to know
2:59 know about how people in the workplace
3:01 are treated based on identifying as male
3:03 or female identifying as male or female
3:07 is the independent variable and how they
3:09 are treated is the dependent
3:11 variable the fourth step is to design
3:13 and conduct a study there are many
3:15 different types of studies you can
3:17 conduct including surveys field research
3:20 engaging in participant observation or
3:23 in ethnography you can conduct an
3:25 analysis of a single event or a person
3:28 through a case study does design an
3:30 experiment or review existing research
3:33 each of these methods are a distinct
3:35 approach serve a specific purpose and
3:38 are discussed in depth in our text the
3:41 type of information you yield from each
3:43 study is very different for example
3:46 surveys are great for Gathering
3:47 demographic information on a particular
3:50 culture such as how many in that
3:52 population identify as male or female
3:54 but would not be good for understanding
3:56 the ways that people are treated
3:58 differently in the workplace BAS Bas on
4:00 identifying as male or
4:01 female after you design and conduct a
4:04 study you draw conclusions the type of
4:07 hypothesis you create and the type of
4:09 study you conduct will determine the
4:11 study's conclusions it is important to
4:13 note that in this step and throughout
4:15 the study remaining objective is an
4:17 important role of any
4:19 researcher a researcher must let the
4:22 study speak for itself and not
4:24 manipulate the findings to say what he
4:25 or she thought the conclusions would be
4:28 or what they want them to be
4:30 last you report results reporting
4:33 results adds to the body of research and
4:35 creates an informed Society if the study
4:37 was funded by outside sources those
4:40 sources need to be included in the
4:42 information once again ethics and
4:44 objectivity are important as conclusions
4:47 should not be biased by the group or
4:49 organization that funded the study by
4:52 reporting results researchers are held
4:54 responsible for the methodology and
4:57 findings so now that you know about the
4:59 scientific research process what is one
5:02 current social topic or issue that can
5:04 be better understood by applying the
5:06 scientific
5:07 method discuss one topic and two
5:10 different research designs that could be
5:12 applied to that topic how would the
5:14 findings be different based on the
5:16 design and other than objectivity what
5:19 are other ethical issues that
5:21 researchers face
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