Chili farming in Ghana is presented as a potentially profitable venture that requires significant investment and careful planning, emphasizing the importance of understanding the crop's specific needs from soil to market.
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Chile farming is certainly a profitable
Venture which requires a substantial
amount of investment and so it's very
important that you consider all cost
involved before venturing into fing my
name is Anam and this is the ghanian
farmer thanks for joining us again this
week if this is your first time please
subscribe and share all the link that
you watching but if it's anything
pertaining agriculture in Ghana and
Africa this is the best platform this
week we're going to be enlightening you
about chili farming and why you need to
carefully consider before going into
that I'm going for a quick Brea that
when I come back the operations manager
here at mathless will be enlightening us
about Chile farming get interactive on
our social media platform Facebook
LinkedIn Instagram and on X the ghanian
[Music]
tuned thanks for staying if you just
tuning in you're watching the Ghan
Farmer and the focus is on Chili thanks
for joining me sir you're welcome so
what kind of vegetable is chili
chili uh
uh
chili is in the we call it in the
the
capsicum crop family yes and in that
capsicum we have chili pepper we have
hot pepper we have bell pepper or some
people call it sweet pepper okay or some
people call it green pepper right so
these are all in that same category but
when we come to when we say Chili Pepper
we are then narrowing it down to a
specific treat of breed in that capsicum
family and it is
a a hot beverage or spice it's a hot
spices that is chili and when it comes
to its benefits to the consumer it
offers a lot of nutritional benefits to
the consumer not only enhancing the
flavor of our food because most people
if there's no pepper in the food you eat
you feel like vomiting no we are not
like the eastern African people West
Africa we like our food hot and
spicy I see now what kind of soil is
good for chili farming uh chili like
like
most most or many other vegetables
prefers a Sandy loomy soil okay Alum
soil these are the most preferred soils
for vegetables okay with a pH of between
5.5 to
6.8 okay if you get your soil with with
this pH what it means is that your
nutrients your soil fertilizer you apply
will be available for your CR to take
okay so that is the most one most single
important chemical feature that you also
have to consider on your soil even if
you see your soil is Sandy Loom or LOM
soil but then the pH also is most
another important thing to look at okay
is chili direct planting or it is by
nursing CH we do uh nursing M we do
seing establish and the nursy is ready
for transplanting then we do
transplanting okay do you do the nursery
in open field or in your green house
before you move in here so for us uhhuh
we do both greenhous in Open Nest okay
but each of them has his advantages and
disadvantages so the the advantages of
the greenhouse n over waste that of the
open open field so when you do the
greenhouse n yeah we are doing Precision
agriculture okay and in that what I mean
is that you do your n on a seed three
and on that seed tree you are giving a
seed to a cell and when you give a seed
to a
cell the amount of nutrients that you
provide to seed seedling a is the same
we are providing for Sim B so you don't
get that variation of growth as compared
to the open field when you do your CD
like you broadcasted a lot of them so
they are struggling and competing forut
nutrients and sunlight so at the end of
the day the time that you are
transplanting you get like 50 60% that
are ready for transplanting and the rest
are not ready are not ready for
transplanting and when you have when you
are cultivating with the marke in
perspective those are it go
against how long that the nursery takes
before it moved to the field for chili
pepper depending on your agronomic
practices your management practices of
the N your n could take like one month
or four weeks 5 weeks or 6 weeks okay
now before you even come for
transplanting tell me what you take the
laun through to get it ready for
planting typically what we do what we do is
is
after our n yeah we establish the N
first because it takes four weeks five
weeks before they are ready okay so we
don't prepare our land prior to that
okay so we establish our n then we
manage the n in the second third week of
our n that is if the land is in a good
shape what I mean in a good shape is
that if I have my land and I can do once
plowing and it is okay I regard as in a
good shape okay if I have the land that
if I do one it would still not satisfy
my purpose then I start the lamp
preparation earlier than I should have
but normally we do two times plowing we
do harrowing mhm okay so we establish
the nury in the second week we start
with the plow okay if it happens that
this where we have identified or where
we are going to cultivate this peer is
deficient in what PH if if the soil is
acidic we need to apply treatment
methods before our Nur is ready okay if
I want to enhance my Nutri my nutrients
of the soil I apply my organic manual
like cang or poultry
droppers prior to the transplanting okay
so all these ones when if I apply manual
I do another
toate them in the very well and allow
them the time that weeks for to start
decomposing in the so the soil before
mying comes if my my soil is acidic and
I'm applying a treatment like this say
calcium bicarbonate so if I'm applying
calcium bicarbonate I do broadcast and I
do my heroin to integrate it well so
that it breaks the the the the cion in
the soil before I come to do my
transplant okay so what time of the day
do you recommend I do my transplanting
for chili
pepper is a Seedling
unlike maze or okra so we transplant
during cooler hours of the day okay and
when we say cooler hours of the day it
could be morning it could be afternoon
it could be evening depending on the
climate as we are here now we all know
it is
if I have sings to transplant this is
the best time I can transplant but if
and that because it has rained if it
hasn't rained and the weather is hot the
sun is just squatching I would have been
here by now definitely you would have to
transplant in the evening okay in that
way you are becoming very specific right
you transplant in late in the some
people say late in the afternoon okay I
say that they are in line does it mean I
do digging of the whole before I bring
the nursery
so there are different approaches in
transplanting please tell me now if I am
alone yes and I'm doing my transplanting
uhhuh the the approach I'm going to take
is different from when I have a team
that I'm transplanting to give me that
is helping me to do the transplanting if
it is me
alone I would have to use the garden
line okay because we plant in lines and
it is a good agronomic practice
it's a good
agronomic so I stretch my
line I use a okay if I'm doing
irrigation if I'm doing drip irrigation
so what is the the drip the EM interval
MH I have 40 cm interval or we have 30
cm interval between between so if the
emit I am using is 30 cm interval and
the variety that I'm using is like a
canopy variety can wide I would
have so I will alternate is an that I
would on if I'm using a 50 cm em
distance of 40 cm is the same way so I
lay my drip
tape allow the water to flow yeah then I
am doing my ding on the on the just by
the emitter okay if I'm not doing
irrigation irrigation then I don't need
to lay my drip before that so I do my
debing at the planting interval so I can
do a couple of them then I pick my
seedlings and Transplant how many
seedling goes into each hole so ideally
it is one okay but then depending on how
healthy the are okay we could see
certain St that we are having two
seedlings transplanted together because
if I see these seedlings and like okay
these guys I don't even give them 30%
survival rate why do I need to plant water
water
and but you have
have
one but IDE we do transplanting one
seedling per Hill per Hill okay how
about the hole that you punching how
deep or shallow should it be okay so
depending also depending on the maturity
of the N the seedling okay you could
have sings that has like 15 cm 10 cm
during transplant when it
is that high mhm you could have 3 cm 4
cm depth when you are planting so your
de should go 3 to Four 3 to 5 cm then
you would have it down and when you have
it down that way if you have it 5
cm or or more the advantage is
that when there is moisture in the soil
the surface of the soil dries up okay
but then beneath there still moisture so
when you get it that deep so you would
get the surface dry but it will be
getting water water from down there okay
to keep it nourished un likee you just
plant it over there there is no water it
dies okay so how long after planting
does it take to start bearing the
flowers so a variety depending on the
variety we have some varieties that
would take up 75 days okay to maturity
okay some tastes less than that some
tastes more more than that what but with
this variety we have we have the bed eye
bed eye bed eye okay and the bed eye
this is a demon okay it's called demon
that's the name of that's the name the
breed so so it's demon because it's very
hot okay so that is why they give it to
demon so this takes 75 days called demon
right that's the name that's the
name so it's de because it's hot okay so
that is why they gave it de right this 5
days okay to maturity so from
transplanting it is not from n to it is
from transplanting to the the maturity
okay so it takes 75 days but then it all
depend on the good agronomic practices
if I don't provide this this was
transplanted during dry season if I
don't provide irrigation I don't expect
to get it that if I don't give it
fertilizer look that my soil is is
malnourished my soil is not having good
nutrition status I would have to apply
fertilizer so when you do all these
things you could also reduce dig
gestation period and we also have
certain uh humans that we can also use
to so in between the 75 days period for
maturity how many weeks then is it half
of that then you see the flowers
followed by the fruit itself okay so
roughly uh this 75 75 days that's two
and a half months so within the second
month you [Music]
[Music]
need but then if we are on the field you
could see we have a a
some a container with black liquid by I
will come to that container so those
ones you do those ones before the
fruiting comes in that is the management
okay okay I'll be right back to continue
from the flowering to the fruiting and
what this container containing a certain
kind of water is doing on the field but
this is the ghanian farmer my name is
Zam and seated next to me is razak the
operations manager here at marless and
so we enlightening you about demon chili
because I'm told it's pretty much hot
I'm going for a quick breather when I
come back we'll continue from where we
stopped but stay tuned I'll be right back
all right so thanks for staying if you
just tuning in we enlightening you about
chili farming and the basic information
that after watching this in your
backyard home you can actually go
through this and also produce your chili
so we mention that it take two and a
half months to fully mature however
after the
second or is it the first month we will
see the flowering right so it means
around the second month we should start
seeing the fruit shooting is that
correct you see flower flowers that FL
opening up and yeah then the fruit will
start coming okay so in within this
period how many times do you give your plant
plant
fertilizer okay so that that is a
technicality yes so when it comes to
fertilizer application yes we don't just
give fertilizer okay what we do is that
prior to the planting I do my soil test
yes so when I do my soil test then I
determine the status of nutrients in the
so soil then I know my plant
requirement so when I know the plant
requirement compared to the nutrient
status of the soil I know the deficit so
when I know the deficit then that
determines the type of fertilizers that
I need to do I need to apply a slow
relasing fertilizer or I need to apply a
quick relasing fertilizer each of them
has its drawbacks now if
if
I right I have the
ability to apply fertilizer frequently M
I could say okay let me use okay quick
relasing okay but if I don't have that
luxury yeah I would definitely go for
the slow relasing fertilizers so when I
apply the slow relasing fertilizers it
means is that it will be giv the
fertilizer bit by bit for a long time so
they will have fertilizer to feed for a
long time okay within that period when
you're waiting for the fruit to fully
mature what are some of the Agronomy
practices that you go through aside
weeding in between the plant what else
do you do is there anything else a lot
what again for example when it comes to
chili chili is reged as a highrisk
vegetable really
a highrisk vegetable in the sense
that it is susceptible to a lot of
disease Pest and diseases W and the pest
we we more specific quarantine pest okay
the quarantine P are P that we that can
migrate from one geographical location
to another Geographic and still C cause
the same hav okay okay so chili is noted
to be one of those crops that carry
P so as a result of that if you are
producing your chili for export Market
current f sanit is very very important
important and that leads us to
integrated Pest Management approach and
the integrated Pest Management we know
we have biological we have physical we
have chemical and we have cultural
practices and some of those physical or
biological are what we are seeing by us
so here we have this
Black Water ins contain it is not water
it is a bait bait or we can just say a
decoy trap a trap that deceives the
insects the insects okay so the insects
and and it is a special ingredient that
is used used in preparing this so
it the aroma attracts the insect so the
insect will come to come and see is see
fall in then
collaps then it dies off okay so same if
you see there's another blue behind us I
don't know if so that blue it's also the
same way it also attracts some specific
insects they like the color so when they
see they okay this is my favorite color
I go to it so when I get to it it is
glue ah stick so it sticks on it and
then it dies okay so when you are
exporting pepper these are some of the
physical P control measures that you
need to put in
and if these things are not put in place
you would have problems exporting okay
okay great now so when we fully have our
pepper how many times do you harvest is
it weekly or monthly or what so Chili
Pepper mostly are harvested once in a
week once every week once every week
okay and also even depending on your T
your yes your purpose if I'm harvesting
green chili okay I can Harvest once a
week M and there will not be there will
not be any red chili inside but if I'm
harvesting red chili I harvest more
often than that okay because they mature
at different stages stages they all
mature different so you might come in
there quite often than I am harvesting
the green chilies so when I'm harvesting
the green chili they mature at the same
time I harvest my own they all mature at
the same time so you could Harvest once
in AEK
why why does maff in particular like the
green one like to harvest green uh
compared to the the r to one okay so
when it comes to
maet I always say
we we are Market driven
oriented business so what the market
needs we do we don't just say Okay chili
so I do chili and no yes our Market
wants green chilies the consumers want
the green on green Che so we must you
harvest at Green if you want to sell
then you have then how long do I keep
harvesting this chili for before I
realize that the plant is tired and I
need to replace them okay so with this
chili yes you could Harvest them for 6
months or more he once every week for
the next 6 months yes please but it all
depends on your management okay so
if I can follow the protocol because the
more I harvest from them the more I
stick nutrients from them so I have to
replenish them so if I can replenish
them and provide them with water I can
Harvest this green chili for for chili
for for a long time okay okay now how
many acres of chili are we seeing behind
us we have five acres of chili here as
we are we have five acres of chili okay
and every week you come in and every
week we to to harvest okay now um the
storage and keeping it I mean
controlling of post Harvest loss and all
that when I harvest and I want to sell
at Green what do I immediately
immediately I have and I'm taking
straight to the market
okay it could either be or you could
have also a waiting period okay and when
I'm harvesting green chili the green
chili I should Harvest have a maturity
IND thises okay so it is we could have a
green yes but it could ripe the fluid
next moment so we identify all those
things we know the maturity stages so
when it gets to the matured green then
we are harvesting if you allow it to
break mhm it will still look green yes
but there's a difference in so you
harvest them the next day they all get R
and that go against you so when you are
harvesting the green chili the
technicalities has to come in yes so so
whereby you bring in people I wouldn't
so they could get okay so at this
material moment it's is time for us to
harest green chili so if you don't
Harvest it at this stage it will go to
the next stage and when you go to the
next stage it's a totally different
thing so when you harvest it at the
right stage you can keep it in the cold
storage for even a week yeah or more but
it will still be green okay but when you
don't Harvest it at the right stage you
keep it there it get Ren so when it's at
the breaking stage it releases Ain okay
and this gas is the one that them to R
ripe okay but when you harvest them you
don't produce okay okay all right so my
next question is is chili farming
expensive yeah chili yes please I chili
f is expensive even only the seed
you could have some varieties They Se
alone for Ana is costing you like 7,000
GH so this one the seed cost how much so
this H demon uhhuh uh you need a SE of
demon is about 130 150 kind of cities
cities okay and how many you need you
need not less than 20 of those SS to
fill my 5 acres to fill one AC ah so now
you looking at 7,000
okay for but it is worth it for just the
seed alone before your land it yes it is
because looking at how much it can
produce have you take time to averagely
count how many fruits you have on one
plant so if with good agronomic
practices they harvest you can get no
less than 30 fruits from one plant from
one plant from one plant and with that
management in place throughout the life
cycle of the of the plant you could get
3 k
get so let's say I have 10,000 plants in
then I'm getting plant for this period
so 3 Kg * 10 that that is giving me
30,000 kilog okay so if I'm selling a kg
a kilo for even five cities so multiply
5 cities by 30,000 what are you getting
as compared to the seed of the 7,000 so
so when you look at the outcome the seed
doesn't is it a small component the
whole money you're going to make at the
end of the day so that means that I'm
going to be rich after 3 months going
yeah because if I have a committed
market and I am doing all my Agronomy
practices right trust me within the next
three 4 month you start making money yes
that's it okay so finally we are
wrapping it up all if you're given the
choice to choose between chili okra and
eggplant which one you go for chili
pepper take it easy my
brother the fact the fact is the
management of chili pepper yes is quite
tedious uh-huh but nothing good comes
easy okay so I understand the dyamics
and I know that if I do chili and I'm
able to handle chili well I can harvest
my chili for six months so if I can
harvest my chili for 6 months note that
I can even get more than the 4 kg per
plant okay so if getting more than 4G
perant as compared to Okra how long do I
have to harvest my okra 3 weeks 4 weeks
and it's off yeah that's it but this one
but this one even six month and the the
other Advantage is that when I'm doing
chill I employ more people than I employ
in Okra so I need more people to harvest
my my chili for six months so I am
benefiting more people than I benefit
people what do you recommend irrigation
or rain fed for chili for chili we could
integrate the two you know in
agriculture or in Crop Production the
best approach is always the integrated
methods so when you integrate what it
means is that it reduces your cost of
production and the integration here is I
do my calculations in a way that if I am
transplanting during dry season I should
get them into the rainy season so by
then I take off my irrigation and rely
on the rain me it reduces
your bus okay all right so you see H as
for me and razak if we keep up we will
not finish this interview today but you
see there is more to come like I always
say there is more to come today is just
a part one on Chili farming the next
time we come back we'll look at another
aspect in fact it's about time that I'll
spend some time here let's do the
comparison like he said I said chili
eggplant okro he jump he say hey chili
why not okro and garden egg I think it's
about time I do videos on that so that
you be able to tell why this works for
you this is profitable and this is that
thank you very much razak and thank you
very much for watching Remember to
subscribe and share this link but the
name is the Ghan F when you see me in
town call me GH finest farmer I'm I'm
the only finest farmer in this gun I'll
see you some other time until now and
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