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The Seventh Constitutional Amendment Act of India| Polity Primer | Drishti IAS English

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[Music]

hello and welcome everyone to the poity

primer series of jdis my name is praga

in the poity Prima we are discussing the

major Constitutional Amendment act the

title of our today's discussion is the

seventh Constitutional Amendment act

explained in this discussion we are

firstly going to study about what is the

7th Constitutional Amendment act all

about we are also going to see its

history historical background we are

also going to analyze the key Provisions

introduced by the 7th Constitutional

Amendment act including the Articles

amended and the new articles that were

inserted in our Indian constitution

through this amendment lastly we are

going to see some of the questions for

your preliminary examination and a

question for your Main's examination so

if I talk about the background of our

today's topic whenever I teach you

Indian constitution I never fail to

mention that yes it is a very organic

document it is not a static document and

it definitely has the capacity of

adopting itself to the changing needs of

the society and that is why our founding

fathers inserted article 368 in our

Indian constitution so that it can

change itself it can modify Itself by

the changing needs of the society so

this brings us to the point of

discussion the important point of

discussion of our today's discussion

that what is the sth Constitutional

Amendment and what is the importance and

significance of having this amendment in

a Indian

constitution so if I talk about the

seventh Constitutional Amendment

basically it was done to give effect to

the recommendations of the state reorganization

reorganization

1956 and basically the seventh

Constitutional Amendment act reorganized

our Indian States on linguistic basis so

before this Amendment states in India

were organized primarily based on

administrative convenience and this led

to various linguistic and cultural

disparities and as we all know India is

a country which is very diverse in

nature if you talk about the culture and

we definitely believe in the concept of

unity in diversity and that is why to

honor our various cultures honor our

various languages that are spoken by our

local people we divided the states on

linguistic basis and the seventh

Constitutional Amendment facilitated

this reorganization of States moving forward

forward [Music]

let us discuss the historical background

behind the enactment of the 7th

Constitutional Amendment act so

basically the Seventh Amendment to the

Indian constitution was introduced to

make States segregation more organized

replacing it with the existing system so

what was the existing system it was part

A Part

B part

state so basically for administrative

convenience our Indian states were

divided into part A States Part B States

part C States and Part D States but all

of this existing system was abolished by

the 7th Constitutional Amendment Act it

brought major changes in the fourth

schedule and reorganized the states on a

linguistic basis as I have mentioned

various regions in India had been

demanding the formation of States based

on the language spoken by the majority

of the population and this amendment was

a step towards addressing these

linguistic and cultural diversities

because we India as a country believe in

unity in diversity so to give the effect

to the recommendation of the state

reorganization commission and to respect

unity in diversity this 7th

Constitutional Amendment Act was enacted

by our Indian Parliament moving

forward let us understand the key

provisions of the 7th Constitutional

Amendment Act of 1956 so basically the

first key provision is reorganization of

States as we are studying about it so

the amendment led to the reorganization

of several States based on linguistic

lines for example the state of Andra

Pradesh was formed to accommodate the

Telugu speaking population so basically

Karnataka Tamil Nadu Etc all of these

states in the South were divided on the

majority of the population speaking

language for example Telugu speaking

population Malayalam speaking population

Canada speaking population Etc so the

key provision includes reorganization of

States based on language based on

linguistic lines and that is why the eighth

schedule was also amended by the 7th

Constitutional Amendment act let me know

what does the E schedule speaks about in

the comment box below moving

forward special provision for some

states so as we all know article 371 of

our Indian constitution art

article 371 of the Indian constitution

talks about granting special status to

some of the Indian States so basically

the amendment allowed for the creation

of these special Provisions for some

states like the special status granted

to Jammu and Kashmir under article 370

of the Indian constitution and article

371 also talks about granting of special

status to various other Indian States moving

moving

forward changes in representation and

this was also a key provision of the 7th

Constitutional Amendment act that it

changed the representation of the states

in the loksabha okay in the territorial

constituencies so basically the number

of seats in the loksabha as well as the

rajas Sabha allocated to each state was

adjusted to reflect their population

after the

reorganization abolition of Class A B C

and D States as I have said that it

abolished the existing system of

classifying the states into part A B C

and D for administrative convenience so

basically the amendment abolished the

classification of States into classes a

b c and d simplifying the administrative

structure of the Indian States so that

is why it is said that yes it also

enhances federalism in India moving

forward let us see what were the

Articles that were amended by the 7th

Constitutional Amendment act so the

first article is definitely article one

the split of the state based on Parts

was eliminated as part of the revisions

made states were used in the place of

Parts A and B and states in part C and D

were replaced by the union territories

so basically we also had this provision

of Union territories by the seventh

Constitutional Amendment act and there

were added 14 States along with five

union territories by the 7th

forward article 81 so when we were

studying about the key provision we saw

that yes the territorial constituencies

and the representation of the states in

the loksabha and the rajha were also

changed so it has a provision which made

Readjustment in the allocation of seats

to the state and the divisions of each

state into territorial constituencies

after each census basically it said that

yes the territorial constituencies can

have 500

members in the loksabha and 20 members

so this limit of 500 members from the

state and 20 members from the union

territories was fixed by the 7th

Constitutional Amendment act by making

changes in article 81 of our Indian

constitution moving

forward a provision making it possible

to appoint the same person as the

governor for two or more States under

article 153 of the Indian constitution

was also made by the 7th Constitutional

Amendment act articles 170 and 171 were

also amended the maximum strength of the

legislative Council of a state has been

raised from 1/4 to one3 of the strength

of the legislative assembly of the state

because it promoted by Camal legislation

on the states as well let me know which

of the states in India have a bamal

legislation in the comment box below so

this by cameralism of the state

legislatures was also possible by the

sth Constitutional Amendment Act of

1956 moving

forward it also amended article 216 and

this sets the number of judges for each

high court and this enables the

president to propose as many judges as

required for a high court and it also

made possible the jurisdiction of a high

court on a union

territory jurisdiction of

a high court on a union territory okay

so this was also made possible by the

7th Constitutional Amendment Act of

1956 article 217 Clause 1 it was amended

to add the words in case of an

additional or acting judge as provided

in article 224 and in any other case to

the existing words of the provision

shall hold office until he attains the

age of 65 years that means it also added

the provisions of having additional and

acting judges in the high Courts for

States moving

forward article 230 was revised to

enable Parliament to extend the

jurisdiction of a high court to exclude

the jurisdiction of a high court from

any Union territory and this is the

provision which I was talking about in

fact it also said that previous ly the

high court judges were barred from

practicing in any court of law in India

but after the enactment of the seventh

Constitutional Amendment act the high

court judges can now practice in

different High courts as well as the

Supreme Court of India barring the court

in which they were the judge so this

provision was also added by the seventh

Constitutional Amendment act and now the

high court judges are not barred from

practicing law in the courts of India so

article 231 was also amended to enable

Parliament to establish a common high

court for two or more States okay and

article 240 was revised to make

Provisions for the peace progress and

good government of the Union territory

of the Underman and nicobar islands and

the lakad miny and amandi Islands okay

so all of these articles were amended by

the 7th Constitutional Amendment Act of

1956 now let us

see what are the new articles that was

inserted by this Constitutional

Amendment so the first is article 250 uh

Clause a which talks about the power of

the state to submit its executive

functions to the parliament of India

then there is article 350 Clause a which

promotes the education at primary level

for linguistically minority children in

their own mother tongue then there is is

article 350 Clause

B which talks about a special officer

for linguistic

minorities then there is article 371 of

our Indian constitution and as I have

mentioned it has special Provisions for

various Indian States then there is

article 372 Clause a which talks about

the power of the president to adapt laws

and lastly there is article 370 Clause

is which talks about the duration of the

State Legislative Assembly of Andra

Pradesh so this is a very special

article so all of these new articles

were also added by the sth

Constitutional Amendment act to the

Indian constitution with this we come to

a conclusion of our today's discussion

we have seen the 7eventh Constitutional

Amendment act we have also seen the

historical background and key provisions

of this act we have also analyzed the

articles that were amended by this act

and the articles that were newly added

to our Indian constitution by this act

now let us discuss the practice

questions for your prelims examination

so your first question is which article

of the Constitution provides that every

state shall Endeavor to provide adequate

facility for instruction in the mother

tongue at the primary stage of education

and this is a pyq that was asked in the

year 2001 your options are option A is

article 349 your option b is article 350

your option C is article 350 Clause a

and article your option D is article 351

so your correct answer is going to be

option C that is article 350 Clause a

moving forward to the next question your

question number two is what was the main

objective of the seventh Constitutional

Amendment act your options are option A

is to create new States and union

territories option b is to redefine the

powers of the president option C to

extend reservation of seats for

scheduled cast and scheduled tribes in

legislatures and option D to promote

religious freedom so your answer will be

to extend reservation of seats for

schedule cast and schedule tribes in

legislatures okay moving forward to the

last question of our today's discussion

so your question three is consider the

following statements your statement

number one is sth Constitution Amendment

act abolish the existing classification

of States into four categories that is

part A Part B part C and Part D States

and reorganize them into 14 States and

six union territories your option

statement B is it provided for the

establishment of a common high court for

two or more States so which of the

statements given above is our correct

the options are option A is one only

option b is two only option b c is both

one and two and option D is none of of

the above so this answer will be given

by you to me in the comment section and

I will be revealing this answer in the

next session of poity primer now let us

discuss a practice question for your Main's

examination so the question is discuss

the significance of the sth

Constitutional Amendment act so

basically you'll start writing about

this amendment that yes it is a very

significant Amendment and it increased

the federal structure in India you will

write about the reorganization of States

Etc and you will write that yes it was

enacted in the Indian constitution to

give the effect to the recommendations

of the state reorganization commission

then you will discuss the key Provisions

articles amended articles inserted in

very brief and then you can conclude

holistically that yes after this

amendment act our states are now

reorganized on linguistic basis and

definitely it eases the administration

of these states and it also promotes

unity in diversity so you can conclude

very holistically I hope this session

was insightful for you if you have any

feedback regarding this session you can

drop it in the comment box below if you

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The Seventh Constitutional Amendment Act of India| Polity Primer | Drishti IAS English