Hang tight while we fetch the video data and transcripts. This only takes a moment.
Connecting to YouTube player…
Fetching transcript data…
We’ll display the transcript, summary, and all view options as soon as everything loads.
Next steps
Loading transcript tools…
Misinformation and Disinformation (With KARA DAVID) | Media and Information Literacy Project | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: Misinformation and Disinformation (With KARA DAVID)
Skip watching entire videos - get the full transcript, search for keywords, and copy with one click.
Share:
Video Transcript
Hi, how are you? Can you still handle the expensive prices of goods today?
Just stay calm! Have some fishballs with Emma Watson!
Ask Brad Pitt for a discount!
Or perhaps you’re closer to The Rock?
Have you ever fallen for these AI-generated pictures?
If yes, don’t worry!
Learning is free, and I will be your teacher.
I am Asst. Proof. Kara David from the UP Journalism Department,
and our lesson for today is this: Different Types of Fake News so that we won’t be fooled.
According to the survey of Social Weather Stations last December 2021,
more than half of Filipinos are fooled by fake news.
This is why we should be careful in reading information.
It’s already enough that you were fooled by your ex,
don’t be fooled by fake news anymore!
Lesson #1: Fake News is a Misnomer!
Mis what? Misnomer is when something is given the wrong name.
By definition, news should be true and accurate! Therefore, if the information is fake, then it is not news.
But because it has become part of our daily conversations,
we’ve gotten used to using the term Fake News.
Apart from Fake News, here are some terms we can use to describe false information.
Lesson # 2: Mal-,Mis- and Disinformation
There are 3 types of false information or information disorder
Malinformation, Disinformation, And Misinformation
MALINFORMATION is what we call information that is true but is used for the wrong intention.
Hackers often do this. They spread sensitive details
to tarnish a person’s reputation like leaking private photos, videos, messages, addresses, and other details.
An example of this is when Russian agents hacked the private emails of American Democrats
to ruin the reputation of former First Lady/Secretary of State Hilary Clinton.
Malinformation also includes leaking private conversations to the public to discredit someone.
Just like the time when vlogger Wilbert Tolentino leaked screenshots of his conversation
with social media influencer Zeinab Harake.
Zeinab was negatively affected by the incident.
But in the end, the two reconciled.
While malinformation has malicious intent, misinformation is innocently spread.
Misinformation refers to false information disseminated by someone who does not know
that the content they’re sharing is fake and incorrect.
An example of this was when Cong. Lani Mercado tweeted condolences to the Marcos family.
She thought that the former First Lady Imelda Marcos had passed away.
But it turned out to be untrue.
Ms. Lani was merely misinformed and did not intend to spread false information.
And finally, DISINFORMATION.
This refers to the information that isn't only untrue but also intentionally created to harm others.
This is the lie that is used to destroy someone.
Take a look at this post from Pilipinas Updates in 2018.
Just a trigger warning. The content is somewhat sensitive.
According to the supposedly called news, a priest in Cebu allegedly impregnated two women
who were daughters of their local pastor.
This was shared across multiple sites and received several comments.
An image was even shown which made it appear credible.
But when it was fact-checked… turns out, the image was fake.
The image was taken in 2015 during a drug raid.
There was no incident of rape that happened in that town in Cebu.
100% fabricated. The intention was to damage the reputation of the church.
Let’s recap the 3 information disorders:
Malinformation – true but with malicious intent
Misinformation – false but without malicious intent
Disinformation – false and with malicious intent
Got it? Let’s dive deeper into our lesson.
Did you know that there are seven types of mis- and disinformation?
Just like how COVID-19 has variants, mis- and disinformation have them too!
Let’s go through the seven types one by one.
Fake News#1: SATIRE or PARODY
“Philippine Rugby Team makes it to the 2023 Southeast Asian Games,”
according to the Philippine Daily New Society.
Oops! Wait a minute, it seems like a different rugby team. Is this even true?
Oh, as it turns out, this post is just satire.
If you zoom in on the meme, you’ll read: Satire Only.
“News you CAN’T trust.”
Satire is one of the types of information disorder that is written to be funny.
But beyond that, satire posts can also be amusing or “witty”
with the intention of criticizing or commenting on societal issues.
Remember, satire is simply laughed at, not believed.
Fake News #2: FALSE CONNECTION
But there are fake news that won't just make you laugh, they might even shock you!
Take a look at the thumbnail of this Youtube Video, it says,
“FINALLY! K-12 PROGRAM SUDDENLY REMOVED BY PRESIDENTIAL ORDER”
But when you open and watch the video…it’s a video of President Marcos
at a groundbreaking ceremony for DepEd.
There was no mention of removing K-12.
Even VP Sara Duterte was dragged into it. The caption says, “Goodbye K-12.”
But VP Sara did not say she would abolish K-12.
She only mentioned revising it according to the country’s needs.
This type of information disorder is called…clickbait!
Where the headline or thumbnail is different from the article’s actual content.
Aside from spreading false information, false connection and clickbaits are often used
to increase the views and revenue of content creators.
Because you’re interested in what the headline or thumbnail says,
you'll surely click the link and watch the entire video.
Only to find out that it was just a tease.
Fake News #3: MISLEADING CONTENT
Misleading content uses unusual angles to deceive or confuse people.
Take a look at this photo of Prince William that came out in the Daily Star UK in 2018.
At first glance, it seems like the royal heir is showing their dirty finger.
But when you look at a different angle, Prince William is actually raising three fingers.
The photo is real, but misleading!
Sometimes this is done intentionally in order to capture people’s attention.
Fake News #4: FALSE CONTEXT
Do you remember this post about class suspension that went viral on Facebook?
At first glance, it seems truthful.
But sorry guys. We seem to have a problem here.
The announcement in the original post was for March 8, 2020,
but it was shared publicly on March 8, 2021.
This is called false context.
The information published by the Inquirer is truthful but placed in the wrong context.
Fake News #5 IMPOSTER CONTENT
MegaMani!? Is megastar Sharon Cuneta really selling peanuts!?
Oops, before you add that to your cart, let’s take a look at this account.
Is Mega really behind this? I knew it! It’s just imposter content!
They’re pretending to be Ate Shawie to earn customers.
Imposter content refers to posts or accounts that pretend to be famous personalities
or companies. Speaking of famous…
Fake News #6 MANIPULATED CONTENT
Personally, I’m not a fan of fansigns. You know, those blank pieces of papers
are used to ask for a shoutout?
Because we live in high-tech times, anyone can edit whatever is written on paper or a whiteboard.
Manipulated content refers to when real images and words
are distorted to make them go viral and deceive people.
Like this. This became controversial in 2011 when the Department of Public Works and Highways posted a picture
of seemingly floating officials in Manila Bay.
It’s true that they did an inspection after Typhoon Pedring,
but they didn’t have a proper photo.
So, they edited or photoshopped themselves into the picture.
Reminder, not everything posted on official pages is trustworthy.
We should always remain critical.
Fake News #7 FABRICATED CONTENT
As they say, save the worst for last.
When information is “fabricated,” this means it’s purely made up. 100% invented.
For example, would you believe that Donald Trump and Joe Biden are best friends?
That’s just AI-generated.
This viral quote card from 2021 is also fabricated.
It claimed that Pope Francis endorsed a presidential candidate in the Philippines.
It said that the Pope stated, “I hope he win.”
Will anyone believe that the Pope would involve himself in politics?
The problem is…some people do. This post garnered 4,000 Facebook reactions.
A lot of our examples today were funny.
But we need to remember that when fake replaces truth, it becomes dangerous.
I know it might be hard to memorize all the types of misinformation and disinformation.
That’s okay, you don’t need to recite them one by one.
What’s important is that you’re aware.
You know what’s intentional and what’s not…
and the difference among fabricated images, clickbait, satire, and more!
And now that you know the different types of disinformation,
go ahead and share this with your "Marites" neighbor!
This is our defense against fake news!
Remember, our words are powerful.
Before posting anything, make sure it’s correct and true.
This is Kara David for the Media and Information Literacy Project of UP Diliman.
Click on any text or timestamp to jump to that moment in the video
Share:
Most transcripts ready in under 5 seconds
One-Click Copy125+ LanguagesSearch ContentJump to Timestamps
Paste YouTube URL
Enter any YouTube video link to get the full transcript
Transcript Extraction Form
Most transcripts ready in under 5 seconds
Get Our Chrome Extension
Get transcripts instantly without leaving YouTube. Install our Chrome extension for one-click access to any video's transcript directly on the watch page.
Chrome Extension