This content chronicles the transformative impact of television and major socio-political events on American society during the 1960s, highlighting shifts in culture, politics, and national identity.
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cameras all stand by here we go [Music]
[Music]
one Jeff watch the TV the average time
spent watching television is 5 to 6
hours per day holy residuals there's a
reason for calling it The Boob Tube in
the idiot box let's change the
channel we want to WAP about our
scene here is the
news we must give the American viewer
the kind of Television that he both
desire and
deserve okay let's try it do it again
then we'll see what it comes out this
time television has grown faster than a
[Music]
the TV was the center of the house I
don't remember a time without
TV by 1960 essentially every household
in America had a television it was a new
way of bringing the world to
you when something big happened on
television it really did happen to the
entire country and impacted the entire
country at the same time keep and awaken
eye on the world suddenly television was
the main event everything else changed
even the way in which you went about the
business of getting someone elected [Music]
[Music]
president David will you hit the one
minute button please the 30 seconds and
the cut please in 1960 the Nixon Kennedy
debate was a first in television a lot
of people were watching that night and
it introduced a lot of people to Kennedy
will you let me see the tight shot on
cter one
please you hear me now speaking is that
about the right tone of
voice good evening the television and
radio stations of the United States and
their Affiliated stations are proud to
provide when the networks offered a
debate Kennedy immediately medely said
yes because he was sure he could do
better than Nixon I think Mr Nixon is an
effective leader of his party I hope he
would grant me the same the question
before us is which point of view and
which party do we want to leave the United
United
States Mr Nixon would you like to
comment on that statement I have no
comment if you're live on television and
there's a camera right
here there's really no place to hide
once you see a guy sweating when asked a
question are you sure he's the leader
for you that's the question before the
American people and only you can decide
what you want what you want this country
to be what you want to do with the
future I think we're ready to move if
you saw it on television clearly Kennedy
had won that debate gentlemen thank you
very much for permitting us to present
the next president of the United States
on this unique program other debates in
this it was the beginning of a new form
of political
craftsmanship if you could structure
your message appropriately for the T
camera you could have a huge impact and
if you couldn't you were toast I would
like you now to give a real tonight
welcome to senator from Massachusetts Mr John
Kennedy may I ask you so that I don't
look too naive a tough question right
off the bat whether I'm a Democrat or
Republican people recognized that
television was now the medium that
mattered it wasn't before 196 and it was
every day after 1960 in those presidential
presidential
debates oh honey let's go watch that try
to find Western all right once everyone
had a TV set in their living room and
advertisers had fully gotten a grip on
how effective this was a way to sell
products the very definition of what you
were doing was to create entertainment
that would appeal to as many people as
possible beaver eat your brussels
sprouts sheima I can't my stomach still
L up to my throat now no excuses Leave
it to Beaver was something that a lot of
families understood it's the first show
that was ever shot from the perspective
of a child Beaver most people have had a
lot of the experiences that the beaver
or Wall-E had and everyone in their life
has an Edy Haskell hi Wall-E some dumb
kid fell in a
soup uh good evening Mr Cleaver uh some
poor unfortunate child is trapped up
there everyone has that moment when they
were so embarrassed and they thought
they'd never get over it but they did
tonight's Special Report of the scene of
the 1961 Emy this is whether it's a
situation comedy or whether it's a
western or whether it's a a drama I
think you it's the quality of the show
itself that's important The Andy
Griffith Show Mayberry it's just Kinder
gentler place be hard not to want to
live in Maybury hi Paul hi Barn help the
core of the and Griffith Show was this
rock at the center of it calm wisdom I
have taken the best parts of myself and
people that I've known all my life and
put them into Andy Taylor hope they uh
they comes a time when you have to stop
the play acting tell the truth don't you
believe me
Paul don't you
Paul people appreciate emotional honesty
they appreciate it more than laughs it's
great if you can achieve both
simultaneously and the Andy gri Show
actually did that very often for sitcom
and it shows an unexpected
depth so Al we think in the new format
the second dance number should come
before the big sketch gee I don't know I
like it now I like it yeah me too yeah I
like it too what do you know look at
wearing I only wrote what I knew about
was just my life and if you're writing
about that nobody can say that's not
true it is true I'm living it on the
Dick Van Dy show we could believe the
actions of the characters because we
could relate to them this wasn't a genie
and a bikini in someone's bottle on
their mantle these were real people
women are more more honest and direct no
they're more
courageous we all have the same needs
feelings relationships with husbands and
wives that was the kind of Comedy we did
the problems of living
baby oh Rob don't tell me you're jealous
already the season opening episode for
the 1963 season was seared into my head
now our wife had a baby on the same day
in the same hospital and the hospital
was very busy Mr Peters what am I
getting at they thought they got the
wrong baby from the hospital so he
called the parents of the other kid and
thinks you know uh we may have your kid
kid hi we're Mr and Mrs
W it was beautiful absolutely beautiful
here they're tackling a subject without
tackling it why didn't you tell me on the
the
phone missed the expression on your face
the network worried about the fact that
the African-Americans might be upset by
it the network was always a little
behind there are there's always somebody
back there who doesn't have ba a WLS
balls in Hollywood the winner kyl Riner
I wish somebody had told me I would have
hair I was going to tell you this one
you know you know those knock knock
jokes yeah but they're old now some new
I got a real I got a real funny one all
right go ahead start say knock knock I
say yeah go ahead knock knock who's there
yeah there's only three networks and it
was only one late night show really and
it was Jack par they don't understand uh
how we do the show we just keep talking
with no I it's
Agony Jack Parr invented the late night
television talk show you feel confident
that you there's not a man in the world
to beat me I'm as pretty as Liber r
Jack had in his Corner his personality
his fabulously interesting complex
frightening neurotic but another cases
enthusiastic and informed personality it
made for great television how much time
have I
done I don't have a watch
either how much nine has it been
Charming I'll quit now that I'm
not he here
Johnny Johnny Carson inherited The
Tonight Show but he made it his own it's
going to be wild tonight I can always
married and if his buddies came and they
started playing together you felt like
what it must have felt like to go to
Vegas at 3: in the morning and have the
Rat Pack come
on no but where's the guy you talk to [Applause]
[Applause]
I love that it was a beautiful thing to
watch a guy working at his best okay
Mingo well we have get your ax and let's go
[Music] [Applause]
if you watch it closely he's gauging how
much longer he can wait to let the laugh
die before what he says will be
irrelevant to what happened and he gets
[Applause]
Johnny was the best audience in the
world and he loved comedy and the woman
the woman's watching him she's watching
him from the corner her eyes she says to
him what are you looking at the guy says
lady Johnny was there listening for you
he wanted you to score and when you
scored he scored conductor said now calm
down L he said Madam the Pennsylvania
Railroad will go to any length to avoid
having differences between the
passengers said perhaps it would be more
to your convenience if we were to
rearrange your
seating and as a small compensation from
the railroad if you'll accompany me to
the dining car we'll give you a free
monkey I I'm dick kavat uh funnier than
Chad Huntley taller than Mickey Rooney
and as pure and honest as Newark New
Jersey the dick cavat show was amazing
because you could get people like Norman
maor and Woody Allen my only New Year's
resolution this year I think I'm going
to try and sleep through the Nixon
Administration you know you would have
authors on you would have heavyweight
boxers there were conversations When you
mention the national anthem and uh talk
about playing it in any unorthodox way
you immediately get a guaranteed
percentage of hate mail from people who
say that's not an orthodox that's not an
orthodox it isn't an orthodox no no I
go I just thought anything that's
interesting ought to have a place on a
talk show rather than young pretty
actresses who use the word excited in
every sentence you're not frequently
seen on television is that by choice or
well uh of course it is the most
impressive medium of all uh it's the
medium that's going to either save
America or send a down into demise
there's no question about I'm getting
out of it
myself we'll be back after
this what you do is you book the best
possible guests from different kinds of
businesses maybe not everybody in Show
Business some politics some newspaper
people get them all on a stage together
and hope that something works but it's a
great show it's a great platform for
people who have something to say the
point is that they take these scripts
out of the drawers they change the
things around maybe it doesn't work with
Green Acres but on many of these shows
and that's why night after night you
turn on these cereals and they all seem
box back then you had lots and lots of
copycats You've Got The Adams Family and
then you have the monsters you've got
Bewitched and then you've got I Dream of
Genie you know the the old saying is
imitation is the sincerest form of
Television so if one person is doing
this Fantastical hit we're going to do
that now was that considered a crime I'm
afraid not there aren't any laws to
protect us against Bad TV shows yet so
you're safe thank
you what I'm surprised by are some of
the shows that I can't even imagine the
pitch meetings for like Poogan's Heroes
it's a story about American prisoners of
war in a Nazi concentration camp which
doesn't exactly sound like it's a funny
comedy why don't they trust us
Schultz that shows you how weird the 60s
was right there there's another one of
stop the moving story of an effeminate
driver who is really an astronaut for the
mafia 9:30 eastern time 8:30 Central
Time BBS presents this program in
color I didn't have color television
until I was 16 years old yes I lived
like an animal the following program is
being brought to you In Living Color on
NBC getting the color TV was huge
because suddenly we could watch Walt
Disney's Wonderful World of Color on
Sunday nights which was like just an
acid trip of a show we just could not believe
it Tinker Bell going Bing Bing Bing and
it was like oh it was like special
effects par
color that also happened just
coincidentally at the time when what we
think of as the mod 60s came in colors
were all over the place just as TV could
start to take advantage of them hi well
glad you can make it I remember saying
stay tuned for gigit Next In Color
Wednesday night September 15th in color
on ABC it was a big marketing
thing color TV was a huge step forward
as far as the technology went and yet I
think of Lost in Space Lost in Space
started off as a black and white show
and then went to color it didn't get any
better when it went to color Dr Smith
you're alive of course I'm alive do I
look like a corpse the period has a
reputation for being TV as a kind of
candy sometimes felt like there was this
really aggressive innocence to it you're
only to blow that in an emergency this
is an emergency you're standing on my
foot Gilligan's Island makes no sense
whatsoever logistically got to make a
spider drunk how is the professor able
to build all this stuff but not build a
damn raft with this stick of true
Dynamite that I made it makes no sense
if you pull any single thread on it but
it was just like the kind of show
designed to live forever in syndication
what are you looking for for none who
kidding Flying Nun is the most that is a
crazy show like what is that about look
Carlos it's very simple you see I only
weigh 90 lb and the combination of my
cornette and the win lifts me it was
just complete nonsense let's face it it
was in height of the 60s and every one
was eating granola and dropping out and
doing God knows what else and I
wasn't hello Central I'm switching to my
eyeglasses put a hold on my wallet but
open television more than ever in the
go seemed like it was almost sort of a
willful respit from the stuff that was
going on out in the world and in real
life here's a bulletin from CBS News
there has been an attempt as perhaps you
know now on the life of President
Kennedy he was wounded in an automobile
driving from until the early 60s
television news was by and large seen as
something of a Backwater to print
journalism and even to radio but the
Kennedy assassination was the moment
that television journalism came of age
continue full day coverage of the
presidential funeral and final
procession to Harley more and more
people were depending on television to
give them the headline news of the day
330 Americans were killed in combat last
week in Vietnam but the number of
wounded 3886 was the highest of any week
in the world most of the
1960s the contrast between what you saw
on your entertainment and what you saw
on the news was you know
planetary never has this descent been as
emotional as intense
in the 60s it was one thing after
another each year it was filled with important
events Governor Wallace has ordered 500
Alabama National Guardsmen in Tuscaloosa
at the moment they are under his
control whether it was the civil rights
movement or it was the Kennedy
assassination or the Space Race radi
when there was a huge thing that
happened it happened on TV the witness
to that violence that it seemed to be
unprovoked on the part of the
demonstrators television became the fire
in which the whole tribe gathered around
to listen to the elders tell them what
was going on police reinforcements
good evening ladies and gentlemen
tonight live from New York from
Hollywood from beautiful downtown
Burbank here is the star of our show Bob [Music]
Po variety was the backbone of
Television back then one year there were
like 18 different variety shows
everybody had a variety [Music]
[Music]
everyone was different because of who
[Music] [Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
[Music]
show Dean Martin was just so loose he
acted as though he was doing the whole
show drunk without a rehearsal this a
real International show now where else
could you see a smooth Italian and a slippery
funny he always looked as if he was a bit
bit
lost people thought it was because he
was Tiddly but that was part of the charm
here he is Ed [Music]
[Music] Sullivan
Sullivan
thank no matter who controlled the TV
set the other nights of the week on
Sunday night you know 8:00 you were
going to watch Ed Sullivan Now ladies
and gentlemen a very fine nov act Ed
Sullivan was a phenomenon and he was a
powerful force quiet Peace Quiet the
beauty of the Sullivan kind of variety
show is that if you didn't like
something something else would be around
in 4 minutes no Johnny no no no why why
it is very difficult easy advertisers
wanted everybody and so they got
everybody a little kid and his
grandparents who could watch the same
show they would have an elephant on and
then the next thing somebody doing
Shakespeare and then the next thing a
comic there would be an acrobat and then
an opera singer the next bit which was
will be great when anything that was
current was on The Ed Sullivan Show here
Tri Rodney danger everybody wanted a
showcase and if you got on Sullivan you
knew you can talk about it then next you
see Sullivan my whole life I don't get
no respect no respect from anyone as a
performer you couldn't get a better
when I started out they would say
variety is a man's game uh it's Dean
it's mil Burl it's Jackie gleon it's you
know the guys but variety is what I know
[Music] [Applause]
[Applause]
this she had been so good on the Gary
Moore Show she always know she can sing
and dance and be funny honey where
the on my show I would do Pratt Falls
and jump out of Windows and get pies in
the face and it was Heaven it's a it's a
I I think it's going oh you know I still
I see a rerun of Carol Bernett show I
God damn they're
funny there's never been a better three-
wall scetch show ever she was great in
bed too Dicky remember that you never
went to bed with well you're not
supposed to cut you're supposed to Bow
over when Tim Conway came on and his
goal in life was to destroy Harvey
here's Tim with our own Harvey Corman as
a brand new dentist with his very first
patient we used to have a pool backstage
not as to whether Harvey was going to
break up but as to how far he could get
along in the sketch before he broke up
okay noane here we are no came take a
[Music]
right they never knew what he was going
to do but they knew it was not going to
expected when they did the dentist
sketch none of that was rehearsed he'll
be right with
you poor Harvey was helpless tears
coming down and Tim swears that Harvey
sketch I don't know why that works so
well watching two actors break character
and just crack each other up should not
be as entertaining but somehow when it's
Tim Conway and Harvey Corman doing it it
just uh I could watch that stuff
forever I just thought if we have fun
the audience will we're going to go out
there and do what we do best and it
worked you can plan it you can write it
you can rehearse it but you hope for
some magic and it was it was Carol Carol
the magic of Carol [Music]
Beret are you say he's a TV addict well
perhaps he's been staring at this
electronic blessing the television set
for so long that his life has become his
yeah and he's reached such a stage of
confusion that he no longer knows
whether he's watching the action or is
it you unlock this door with the key of
imagination Beyond it is another
dimension there was a desire on the part
of writers and producers to push the
envelope and stretch the medium and you
certainly saw that with a Twilight Zone
it was a very cinematic show this is not
a new world it has patterned itself
after every dictator who has ever
planted The Ripping imprint of a boot on
the pages of history since the beginning
of time Rod Serling who created The
Twilight Zone came to the realization
that through a lens of fantasy or
science fiction he could actually tell
stories about racism he could tell
stories about fascism tonight I shall
talk to you about glorious Conformity it
was a way to deal with a lot of the
issues that America was starting to go
through at that time but in a fantastic
setting so that there's some divide
between you and the show they sent four
people a mother and a father and two
kids who look just like humans but they
weren't the Twilight Zone had these
little Oh Henry like twists on it and
was allowed to have unhappy
endings they picked the most dangerous
themselves now 6 months of fugitive this
is Richard kemell with a new identity
and for as long as it is safe a new name
The Fugitive was kind of a somber
character study beware the eyes of
strangers keep moving everybody wanted
to see what happens to the fugitive well
the natural question is how long is it
going to go on will we ever find I'm
about ready to give up I'm
tired when it ended it broke the
viewership record set by The Beatles on
Ed Sullivan was one of the first TV
shows that actually went somewhere you
know Youngstown is not exactly on our
course and I lot of ways television was
showing the slices of the world that
people they had never seen before Route
66 was an Innovative show because it was
actually filmed on location so the
audience was being exposed to things
that just weren't part of their local
frontier you know there's a little bit
of the Mayberry aspect to the world of
Star Trek and that's going to sound like
an odd analogy but but follow me here
people want to believe that such a place
can exist the idea of a future in which
a lot of the biases and fears of the
past has evolved out of us where I come
from size shape or color makes no
difference there's one episode where
some of the members of crew were taken
over by these mental Giants this
psychokinetic power of yours how long
have you had it they forced Captain Kirk
and Lieutenant uro to kiss [Music]
[Music] [Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
[Music]
television NBC asked me if I would do my
own special and I had always adored Harry
Harry
bellonte yellow we decided to do one
Glory it's an anti-war song and we both
felt very strongly about it and I just
touched his
arm the sponsor went crazy my star
doesn't touch a black man's
arm Pula Clark says I'm not doing it
over and it's my show and it's going in
that way we weren't having any of that
nonsense no way so it went out the way
we wanted it to go out I didn't really
have any other problems with sponsors
but that sort of gave me a taste of what could
could [Music]
[Music]
happening in the TV business the 60s was
probably about the last decade during
which the sponsors had a really iron
grip on content brought to you by
Dash even if they tried to keep TV this
white homogeneous whole milk product the
world found its way in it could it it
just had
to a trouble [Music]
[Music]
driver don't you ever remember to bring
suit with I spy Robert Culp and Bill
Cosby were equals Cosby is this Pioneer
in terms of a black male lead in a drama
he made race a nonissue because he's
undeniable the winner is Bill Cy and [Applause]
I Bobby and I try and put forth an
example of the way it should be racially
in this country we need more people in
this industry to put forth that message
and let it be known to the bigots and
the racist that they don't count thank
you as television changed it was helping
all Americans to understand that this is
what America looks like uh frankly
you're not exactly what I expected no no
not from what I read here did you expect
me to be older or
younger Julia was going to be the first
time that a black woman starred in her
own television show has Mr Colton told
you tell me what I'm colored what color
are you she was was a young black woman
who had been educated raising her son
alone it had a universality that was
just something new and you'll keep out
of Mischief I'll just watch the old TV
good in the 60s America was exploding in
TV stand still Dragnet came back in the
late 60s and Friday was was now in a
very different world than he had been in
in the black and white days and suddenly
they were the damn dirty hippies I'll
make you book he's been dropping that
acid we've been hearing about Jack web
would lecture you about the dangers of
marijuana smoking and crazy drug culture
they're trying to deal with the Counter
Culture but they don't understand it so
it's just basically their stereotypes of
what the hippies were like and it plays
exactly like that keep your nose out of
my purse keep yours out of the asset
a supreme National effort will be needed
to move this country safely through the
1960s there was tremendous anxiety and
fear 25 Russian ships are on route to
Cuba on what may be a collision course
jeffk said to his brother what if
there's a nuclear war and our children
first whatever the president does he
laughing our country would be much
better off with a strong leader I know
but sonato can't do
everything when laughing came along we'
never seen any thing that was kind of
like grown-ups acting goofy and hip that
way you know they had girls dancing in
bikinis and they had the joke
wall who's in there with you Cool Hand
Luke and it was nothing but jokes I was
at the hospital oh anything serious a
black widow bit me well it never would
gentleman J we took it to the network
and the network said what the hell is
this he said this makes no sense I said
right hi you too they acknowledged the
hippie generation yet the hosts were in
tuxedos smoking cigarettes they were
still your parents but the other people
let loose on the show were this kind of young
young [Applause]
[Applause]
time hey she socked it to herself we
knew that sock it to me didn't mean sock
it to me right so we thought oh sock it
to Meck it to
me suck it to
me it was not as subversive as it sounds
yes it was it was it was it was
fun suck it to
me it was the first time presidential
candidate had ever appeared on a comedy
show and that uh may have got him
elected and I've had to live with that
anyway the family that watches laugh in
together really needs to pray together
just seemed like it's happening right
now and it's about right now that was
the greatest thing ever that there was a
fusion of politics and comedy and
everything else into one television show
when we take over I'm going to look out
for you the subjects that were verboten
we don't talk about these things were
starting to come up in TV and because it
was well executed it changed everything
this is the Smothers Brothers Comedy
Hour production 124 air than [Music]
[Music] [Applause]
[Applause]
one good evening and welcome to the
Smothers Brothers show if Rowan and
Martin and the Smothers Brothers are the
new stars of TV comedy it is the comedy
itself rather than the comedians which
is more often in the spotlight these two
programs have consciously tried to
Influence People by comedy techniques
that break through the traditional song
and skit routines and by subject matter
that that is often on The Cutting Edge
of what is new our our government is
asking us as Citizens good citizens to
lands okay all you guys in Vietnam come on
on
home the times were changing so quickly
in the 60s and we didn't change them uh
we we just reflected I can't hear you
what are you doing I'm getting ready to
go to
college CBS gave the Smothers Brothers
that show because they were clean cut
folk sists you know they wore Blazers
they could sing well they were funny mom
likes you best you lower your voice Mom liked
liked
you they told us what they thought we
could do and what we should do and it
was totally wrong and Tommy came in
saying I would like to show where we
could be relevant if you ever get a war
without blood and gore boy I'll be the
Maxim only 18 I got to run to and always
the people in the counterculture start
making these shows and they don't want
to play by the rules that other people
did before then but who would expect the
Smothers Brothers of all people to be
the ones raising this much of a fuss good
good
script I held my breath every time they
did the show cuz I knew that the network
people were beiling their trousers with
fear nothing funny in this here are boys
they said that the social subjects we
touched on were not appropriate for the
9:00 family viewing
hour they came up with any excuse to
make it difficult and I came up with any
excuse to push it yes CBS would like to
give us
notice and some of you don't like the
things we say but we're still here oh
yeah we're still here they were going to
speak truth to power
compromising do you have something
important something very important to
say on American television you know a
lot of times we can't we don't have
opportunity saying anything important
because it's American television every
time you say something and try to say
they well whether you can say it or not
keep trying to say it that's what's
important you get that yeah there's no
way in the world if anything's
meaningful and truthful that you're not
going to offend someone we've got to be
able to uh say what it is say how it is
and take the
consequence CBS announced today that the
Smothers Brothers comedy hour will not
return to the CBS television network
next season Network president Robert
Wood said it became evident that the
brothers quote were unwilling to accept
the criteria of taste established by
CBS CBS News efforts to reach the
unsuccessful I was angry but we never
regretted it we never did regret it what
do you think of Television honestly do
you think it's good yes I do I think
particularly for what it is for the
amount of
hours that it gives you for enjoyment
either in education or for pure
entertainment it's remarkably good what
television did in the 60s was to show
the American people to the American people
people
until then we did not truly know much
about each other we knew only what we
had seen which is very little and what
we had read which was even less few
years ago I thought it was the end of
the world now it's just the beginning I
think people looked at television for
answers maybe that the world's just
confusing as going to hell all over the
place maybe something on here will help
there was no denying shift in attitudes
towards sex towards race relations
towards politics it was all televised
that you will Faithfully execute the
office that I will Faithfully execute
the office when it works television
conveys Impressions and evokes memories
when it works well television makes us
feel good morning it's tus 1 hour 29
minutes and 53 seconds and counting
television created a sense of national
Unity around cultural events okay Neil
we can see you coming down the ladder
now you you could turn on a machine and
be somewhere else looking good here what
television changed absolutely
a supreme National effort will be needed
1960s across the world Soviet missiles
are aimed at United States whatever the
president does he risks nuclear
war BR calls West Berlin a cancerous s
the lines are now
drawn 25 Russian ships are on route to
Cuba on what may be a collision cour no
way of knowing whether Western
Civilization will live or die I think
unless something is done that Humanity
will destroy itself s [Music]
early on in the 60s you have this
backdrop of tension you have capitalism
versus communism and there was palpable
fear in the United States and in the
Soviet Union that the two sides were
going to get into a nuclear
war The Temper of the world is Crisis
crisis as the head of the Soviet Union
Kush was very ideological he believed
that the future belonged to Communism he
said America needs to be contained and
the only way to do it is to create
crises all around the American Empire
kushev came to the UN in
1960 and he said we are grinding out
missiles like sausages We will bury you
and Americans took it seriously the
toughness of the crov speech did add
some propaganda fuel to the fire that is
now raging diplomatically between Moscow and
and
Washington to see if the Soviets were
building nuclear weapons and more
importantly missiles to launch them at
the United States we were flying a spy
U2 I'm Bill Fox State cable editor for
United Press International in New York a
single engine US Air Force plane with
one man aboard was missing today not far
from the Soviet Border in the rugged
to a stunned and startled audience
chrisj announced that an American U2 spy
plane had been shot down in the Soviet
Union HF made the wreckage a public
exhibition to the Soviet Union this
wreckage was a national cause National
outrage over the violation of Soviet
boundaries and so out comes the cover story
the department has been informed by the
NASA a U2 weather research plane piloted
by a civilian has been missing since May
1 Eisenhower had said no that didn't
happen etc etc he'd been drawn into a
trap by kushev the Soviet leader was
able to show not only had they shot down
pilot Francis Gary Powers an ordinary
man caught up in extraordinary
circumstances and in a way magnified by
them I realized that I've committed a
grave crime and I realized that I must
be punished for it the evidence of
Espionage currency presumably for the
Spy to buy his way to freedom and a
spy's Last Resort a poison needle with
which he could kill himself instantly if
captured and threatened with
torture no one wants another Pearl
Harbor this means that we must have
knowledge of military forces and
preparations around the world the safety
of the whole free world demands this our
government was in effect admitting that
we had previously lied and that we had
committed Espionage admissions no Nation
had ever made before how will this
incident uh affect the United States do
you think I feel that it will give the
uh Americans of black ey all over the
earth I think that we ought to uh sink
one of those submarines that have been
spying of cape canabo well I don't think
we should admit it we have a right to protect
protect
ourselves the shootdown was such a big
event that it basically torpedoed dayon
it torpedoed the chance to have a
peaceful period and actually it was the
beginning of the scariest part of the Cold
Cold
War America's public mood was one of
demoralization and there's the feeling
that we can do better and that's when
the election of 1960 comes [Music]
[Music]
along I think the question before the
American people is are we doing as much
as we can do are we as strong as we
should be are we as strong as we must be
if we're going to maintain our
independence Kennedy was a cold warrior
more than Eisenhower was really I want
people in Latin America and Africa and
Asia to start to look to America to see
how we're doing things to wonder what
the president of the United States is
doing and not to look at Kusha or look
at the Chinese Communist the fact is
Kennedy did run to the right of Nixon
and he was saying that they were letting
the Russians get ahead of us in missiles
it frightens people it's not true but it
frightens people and it's very effective
in the campaign
I believe the Soviet Union is first and
outer space you yourself said to Kusha
you may be ahead of us in rocket thrust
but we're ahead of you in color
television I think that color television
is not as important as Rocket truck the
missile Gap was a total lie we outm
missil them at that time better than 100
to one if Eisen now had come forward and
said this kid is not telling the truth
[Music]
election let every Nation know whether
it wishes us well or
ill that we shall pay any
price bear any
burden meet any
hardship support any friend oppos any
foe to assure the survival and the
success of [Applause]
[Applause]
Liberty Kennedy in his inaugural speech
did not have a single mention of
domestic issue he came to the presidency
thinking his job was to run the Cold War
to defeat the Russians I do not shrink
from this responsibility I welcome [Music]
it if you had left New York by car at 7
Minutes 1 this morning by 255 you could
have made Philadelphia 95 m in an hour
and 48 minutes
in that same time this morning a man
went around the world the spaceship was
built in Russia when the Russians put
Yuri gagaran into space it was another
sense of America being knocked back on
its heels we're behind BR greeted the
hero saying now let the capitalist
up for the Russians to be the first to
put a man in space Delta real blow not
only to American Pride but restarted the
whole question about whether the US
government could protect the American
people gagaran spaceship weighed 5 tons
the biggest payload we've been able to
push into orbit weighed only a few
hundred PBS if you can put a man into
space you can put nuclear warheads into
trouble this is norvin Calin Moscow the
people who work back here in the Kremlin
are convinced that the balance of power
in the world has shifted in their favor
and encouraged by this conviction
they've stepped up their activities all
over the world not only in Berlin but
also in Latin
America a great Jam of cameramen here
now an absolute mad house
here the first historic meeting between
Premier Kev and Premier Castro is now
over my father first met Fidel castra in
19 1960 in the United Nations Cubans
became heroes in the Soviet Union it was
like the David H G if every citiz of the
United State could visit Cuba their
opinion they will be [Music]
all in the years since he took Power
theal Castle has become an enemy of the United
United
States in Cuba you have Fidel cast who
is tying himself to the Soviet block
which seems to be threatening the United
States by the possibility that they're
going to export communism to other South
American countries which are in many instances
anti-American krushev is saying that you
have to understand that Cuba matters a
lot to us don't mess with Cuba krusha
was not just using rhetoric the Eastern
block was supporting Castro with
military assistance many Latin Americans
were shocked to find out how much
communist equipment Castro actually has
the sense was that Kennedy had to do
something about Castro when Kenny comes
to the presidency he's briefed on the
fact that there was a plan in place to
topple Castro but the plan that's
presented to him is not what he wants
it's a huge Invasion a noisy Beach it's
going to look like a US invasion of Cuba
so he says to the CIA we can't be
associated with this
I want something that is believably
Cuban this is Ron oen in Miami I'm
standing in one of the many anti-castro
recruiting places scattered throughout
the city the great majority of C were
anti-communist so when we found there
was something against Castro we learned
where there was a recruiting center and
we just approached then and joined we
had no idea it was the CIA since 2:00
this morning men and boys have been
filing through this door behind me
anxious to join the fight in Cuba
against Fidel Castro's government they
were mainly Cuban Exiles they hated
Castro they thought that they could
mount a small scale Invasion which would
gather more and more support until it
ended up overthrowing the regime Cuban
businessmen doctors white collar workers
men who once drove taxis always hoping
the muscle of the United States would
sustain them without the United State
being behind this operation it was no
way we were going to lose and we were run
small force of Invaders landed at a
semi-isolated resort area on the south
coast of Cuba at the Bay of pig asro
alerted his small air force and his
large army and raced toward the scene
The Showdown came at dawn the rebels
managed to move only 20 mi Inland and
those able to move beyond the beach were
growth long live the Revolutionary
forces which are shooting down Yankee
planes and are smashing the Invaders of
the land the Castro control television
network is parading prisoners captured
on the beaches of Las Vegas before the
cameras for public interrogation one
writer called the Bay of Pigs the
perfect failure it was a tragedy on the
beach and in Washington
out of the news of this week the attempt
of Cuban Exiles to reestablish a
foothold in their Homeland a tactical
failure that became a strategic defeat
for Cuban democracy and American
Prestige this act of imperialistic
piraty Falls squarely on the government
of the United States United States has
committed no aggression against Cuba and
no offensive has been launched from
Florida or from any other part of the
United States the American role is
immediately exposed No One Believes that
help the leader of the Free World has
been humiliated on its own doorstep
Castro has prevailed over Kennedy at
least for the moment and it will take a
long time to destroy that image it was a
Calamity Kennedy had been totally
misinformed by American intelligence
about the strength
of the anti-communist movement and the
fact is when these poor people arrived
on the beaches in Cuba they were
decimated on The Landings themselves
Stuart how large were they actually best
indications Walter are they were about
300 men armed only with the weapons they
could carry it's unmistakably clear
Walter from all the evidence available
that the CIA planned this operation it
was the CIA that established the
Revolutionary Council by saying to the
dissident factions get together or else
today in his news conference the
president acknowledged the failure and
took the responsibility for it detailed
uh discussions are not to uh conceal
responsibility because I'm the
responsible officer of the government
victory has 100 fathers and defeat is an
orphan the Russians I think see this as
evidence of a young feckless inexperienced
inexperienced
President Kennedy privately goes around
saying how could I have been so stupid
he's full of self-recrimination
Kennedy listen to The Experts CIA the
military a little bit too much and they
were wrong the lesson he learns from
CIA after the Bay of Pigs Kennedy was
more anxious than ever to meet with kusf
because he knew that he had screwed up
there he is President Kenedy
wi and he thought the meeting in Vienna
would straighten all that out in fact it
made it much
worse Vienna was at its romantic best
almost enough it seemed to remove a bit
of the Chill from the Cold War it began
with a police escort leading Mr
Kennedy's limousine to the Soviet
Embassy Nikita CRF was waiting also for
talks that would explore such issues as
Berlin nuclear testing and
disarmament tell us what you think of
this meeting between the young President
democr John well I think it was long
overdue because the world needs peace
and the world needs
disarmament for kof it is a chance to
test the new president on the subject of
Berlin kof is tough and blunt KV said
West Berlin is a bone in my throat and
we must extract it
Berlin of course is divided at the end
of World War II but Berlin is 110 miles
inside of the East German zone kushev is
threatening to force the integration and
take over West Berlin and Kennedy says
to him Berlin is part of our Western
commitment at World War II don't
challenge us there after two days the
talks end Kennedy did not do well he
allowed himself to be caught in an
ideological argument with kovi been
warned against it he did it anyways and kusov bullied him and pushed him around
kusov bullied him and pushed him around Kush has made the first move in the
Kush has made the first move in the chess game and the president knows it as
chess game and the president knows it as he leaves he says it's going to be a
he leaves he says it's going to be a cold
winter Kennedy thought there might be a basis for dealing with the Soviets
basis for dealing with the Soviets instead he gets the Berlin crisis in
instead he gets the Berlin crisis in July 1,000 East Germans escaped into
July 1,000 East Germans escaped into West Berlin every day now in August they
West Berlin every day now in August they are coming out at the rate of 2500 a day
are coming out at the rate of 2500 a day as a result of tr's threats and demands
as a result of tr's threats and demands East Germany is being bless of its best
East Germany is being bless of its best trained people I went to Berlin to cover
trained people I went to Berlin to cover the bureau and the NBC news desk in New
the bureau and the NBC news desk in New York called on the middle of the night
York called on the middle of the night and said what's this about closing off
and said what's this about closing off the border at the Brandenburg gate at 2
the border at the Brandenburg gate at 2 a.m. the Communist Regime issued a UK
a.m. the Communist Regime issued a UK case no East German could go to West
case no East German could go to West Berlin without special
Berlin without special dispensation what I the sound of
dispensation what I the sound of jackhammers erupts in the night suddenly
jackhammers erupts in the night suddenly East German police appear teir up the
East German police appear teir up the sidewalks and Street the small crowd
sidewalks and Street the small crowd gathered and the East Germans were
gathered and the East Germans were unrolling barbed wire and starting
unrolling barbed wire and starting fences they were sealing off the Border
fences they were sealing off the Border I thought my God this is you know
I thought my God this is you know unbelievable President Kennedy was in
unbelievable President Kennedy was in hyport for the weekend a telephone call
hyport for the weekend a telephone call from Washington that Sunday morning told
from Washington that Sunday morning told him that the Communists had finally
him that the Communists had finally begun to seal the Berlin sector border
begun to seal the Berlin sector border against the East Germans and East
against the East Germans and East berliners through backyards down canals
berliners through backyards down canals across streets all along the 25 mile
across streets all along the 25 mile border between East and West Berlin
border between East and West Berlin telephone lines to West Germany are cut
telephone lines to West Germany are cut the flood of refugees is damned up West
the flood of refugees is damned up West Berlin is isolated
Berlin is isolated [Music]
a communist country like East Germany cannot exist with an open border it must
cannot exist with an open border it must be able to wall its people in and make
be able to wall its people in and make them work till communism
succeeds President Kennedy decided on Thursday to send Johnson to Berlin
Thursday to send Johnson to Berlin because mayor brat had written a letter
because mayor brat had written a letter warning that the city's rotting morale
warning that the city's rotting morale required bold and quick treatment and
required bold and quick treatment and the United States want you to know that
the United States want you to know that the pledge he has given to the freedom
the pledge he has given to the freedom of West
of West Berlin and to the rights of Western
Berlin and to the rights of Western access to
access to Berlin is
firm is kof entirely convinced that our words have meaning and if he is not what
words have meaning and if he is not what can we do short of War to convince him
can we do short of War to convince him that they do 1500 American soldiers
that they do 1500 American soldiers arrived in West Berlin after a 100 10m
arrived in West Berlin after a 100 10m road trip across East Germany and the
road trip across East Germany and the Soviet press and radio described the
Soviet press and radio described the arrival of additional American forces as
arrival of additional American forces as a challenging military act the berliners
a challenging military act the berliners know that Western strength is their only
know that Western strength is their only protection there are all sorts of people
protection there are all sorts of people who say send the tanks and knock the
who say send the tanks and knock the damn wall down and Kennedy no he
damn wall down and Kennedy no he understands this solves his problem will
understands this solves his problem will Crusher try and take over the rest of
Crusher try and take over the rest of Berlin if he's putting up a wall will he
Berlin if he's putting up a wall will he risk a war with us no
risk a war with us no the wall saves us from that kind of
[Music] conflict after the Berlin crisis kushev
conflict after the Berlin crisis kushev test the largest nuclear device ever he
test the largest nuclear device ever he basically is going to say to the
basically is going to say to the Americans you can't scare me I'm going
Americans you can't scare me I'm going to scare
to scare you the West has nuclear jetters people
you the West has nuclear jetters people worry about Fallout about war
worry about Fallout about war Chris chof has turned testing into a
Chris chof has turned testing into a weapon of
weapon of Terror there was tremendous anxiety and
Terror there was tremendous anxiety and fear that if you got into a nuclear war
fear that if you got into a nuclear war it was going to mean the devastation of
it was going to mean the devastation of civilization it was the
civilization it was the apocalypse let us face without Panic the
apocalypse let us face without Panic the reality of our times the fact that atom
reality of our times the fact that atom bombs May someday be dropped on our
bombs May someday be dropped on our cities and let us prepare for survival
cities and let us prepare for survival by understanding the weapon that
by understanding the weapon that threatens us
threatens us [Music]
[Music] the threat of nuclear war was the center
the threat of nuclear war was the center of many of our Lives The Fallout Shelter
of many of our Lives The Fallout Shelter could save your life in a nuclear war
could save your life in a nuclear war the family room of tomorrow it's a truly
the family room of tomorrow it's a truly ship-shaped room only 8 1/2 by 12 ft in
ship-shaped room only 8 1/2 by 12 ft in size but with an amazing amount of
size but with an amazing amount of storage space it just seems unless we
storage space it just seems unless we can control the use of such a thing as
can control the use of such a thing as that that uh at all the civilization
that that uh at all the civilization that we built up over all these uh many
that we built up over all these uh many thousands of years will just be washed
thousands of years will just be washed out it gives you quite a scare to think
out it gives you quite a scare to think about something like that happening to
about something like that happening to us they were close to nuclear war in
us they were close to nuclear war in 1961 and as uh JFK said to his brother
1961 and as uh JFK said to his brother Bobby you know we've had a good life uh
Bobby you know we've had a good life uh but our
but our children what if there's a nuclear war
children what if there's a nuclear war and our children die that's how close
and our children die that's how close War felt
as he said he would Mr kusov has exploded his giant bomb in cynical
exploded his giant bomb in cynical disregard of the United
Nations Kennedy recognizes that he's on the verge of yet another crisis but he's
the verge of yet another crisis but he's looking in the wrong
looking in the wrong direction and then in 1962 there's a lot
direction and then in 1962 there's a lot of political chatter about Cuba if at
of political chatter about Cuba if at any time the Communist buildup in Cuba
any time the Communist buildup in Cuba were to endanger or interfere with our
were to endanger or interfere with our security in any way then this country
security in any way then this country will do whatever must be done to protect
will do whatever must be done to protect its own security and that of its
its own security and that of its allies the CIA had a consultant who
allies the CIA had a consultant who spoted soccer fields all along the coast
spoted soccer fields all along the coast in Cuba and as he said the Cubans play
in Cuba and as he said the Cubans play baseball Russians play
soccer Kennedy approves a series of You2 flights he didn't want to get sucked in
flights he didn't want to get sucked in once again as he had at the time of the
once again as he had at the time of the Bay of Pigs he wanted hard
Bay of Pigs he wanted hard [Music]
[Music] evidence it was the combination of very
evidence it was the combination of very good high level photography plus
good high level photography plus Espionage that made it possible for the
Espionage that made it possible for the US intelligence Community to say Mr
US intelligence Community to say Mr President we are absolutely convinced
President we are absolutely convinced that they are putting missiles in Cuba
that they are putting missiles in Cuba Kennedy gets together a group of his
Kennedy gets together a group of his closest advisers which becomes known as
closest advisers which becomes known as the excom or executive committee of the
the excom or executive committee of the National Security Council how far
National Security Council how far Advanced is this uh sir we've never seen
Advanced is this uh sir we've never seen this kind of an installation before you
this kind of an installation before you in the Soviet Union no sir how do you
in the Soviet Union no sir how do you know this is a meing brange ballistic
know this is a meing brange ballistic missile us intelligence showed him the
missile us intelligence showed him the parts of the United States that would be
parts of the United States that would be hit by a nuclear attack
hit by a nuclear attack and the figure was about 30 million
and the figure was about 30 million Americans were in danger of
Americans were in danger of dying my father he want to be
dying my father he want to be recognized as equal if you not recognize
recognized as equal if you not recognize as equal you challenge opposite
as equal you challenge opposite sight now what kinds of military action
sight now what kinds of military action are we capable of carrying out and what
are we capable of carrying out and what may be some of the consequences we could
may be some of the consequences we could carry out an air strike within a matter
carry out an air strike within a matter of days big debates should we bomb
of days big debates should we bomb should we
should we invade back and forth now after we have
invade back and forth now after we have launched 50 to 100 sorties what kind of
launched 50 to 100 sorties what kind of a world do we live in how how do we stop
a world do we live in how how do we stop at that point I don't know the answer to
at that point I don't know the answer to this most of them thought that we should
this most of them thought that we should attack Cuba Kennedy almost alone did not
attack Cuba Kennedy almost alone did not want to do that Kennedy is the only
want to do that Kennedy is the only person who has a sort of larger view
person who has a sort of larger view there are times when he's not just the
there are times when he's not just the president of the United States He is
president of the United States He is thinking in terms of the survival of the
thinking in terms of the survival of the human race the question really is to
human race the question really is to what action he take which lessens the
what action he take which lessens the chances of the Nu change which obviously
chances of the Nu change which obviously is the final
is the final failure he was frightened that a wrong
failure he was frightened that a wrong move by him could trigger a whole
move by him could trigger a whole sequence of moves by the other side so
sequence of moves by the other side so he wanted to slow everything down and
he wanted to slow everything down and the method he chose was the imposition
the method he chose was the imposition of a blockade
of a blockade President Kennedy will address the
President Kennedy will address the nation tonight on radio and television
nation tonight on radio and television on a subject of the highest national
urgency good evening my fellow citizens this government as promised has
this government as promised has maintained the closest surveillance of
maintained the closest surveillance of the Soviet military buildup on the
the Soviet military buildup on the island of
island of Cuba these large long range and clearly
Cuba these large long range and clearly offensive weapons of sudden mass
offensive weapons of sudden mass destruction constitutes an explicit
destruction constitutes an explicit threat to the peace and security of all
threat to the peace and security of all the
the Americans to Halt this offensive buildup
Americans to Halt this offensive buildup a strict quarantine on all offensive
a strict quarantine on all offensive military equipment under shipment to
military equipment under shipment to Cuba is being initiated I have directed
Cuba is being initiated I have directed the Armed Forces to prepare for any
the Armed Forces to prepare for any eventuality within minutes after the
eventuality within minutes after the president spoke the Navy announced that
president spoke the Navy announced that it was sustaining a blockade of Cuba
it was sustaining a blockade of Cuba with more than 40 ships and 20,000 men
with more than 40 ships and 20,000 men hate like heck to see us go to war but
hate like heck to see us go to war but if it's necessary to uh to prevent a
if it's necessary to uh to prevent a nuclear war I think the action has to be
nuclear war I think the action has to be taken at this time well I think it's a
taken at this time well I think it's a high time we uh stopped Russia from
high time we uh stopped Russia from having things her own way I know that
having things her own way I know that some actions should be taken but uh he's
some actions should be taken but uh he's going to have to tread very lightly
going to have to tread very lightly short of War but the American people
short of War but the American people were very frightened that they were on
were very frightened that they were on the edge of a cataclysm
the edge of a cataclysm something no one had ever experienced
something no one had ever experienced before a nuclear
before a nuclear war we have been jammed up we have been
war we have been jammed up we have been mob people are buying like food is going
mob people are buying like food is going out of
out of style is this your normal order or are
style is this your normal order or are you stockpiling oh I'm not stock piling
you stockpiling oh I'm not stock piling I feel that if anything would happened
I feel that if anything would happened you wouldn't be able to eat it
you wouldn't be able to eat it anyhow develop a shelter spot where
anyhow develop a shelter spot where there is water food medical supplies a
there is water food medical supplies a guer counter and a radio Congressional
guer counter and a radio Congressional leaders were recalled from their
leaders were recalled from their campaign labors blown back to Washington
campaign labors blown back to Washington in military planes and there were
in military planes and there were reports of troop movements in the
reports of troop movements in the Florida Keys Cuban Premier Fidel Castro
Florida Keys Cuban Premier Fidel Castro told his people that the armed blockade
told his people that the armed blockade is the most dangerous Adventure since
is the most dangerous Adventure since World War II he called President Kennedy
World War II he called President Kennedy a pirate and said a life and death
a pirate and said a life and death struggle is underway between an Empire
struggle is underway between an Empire and the revolution of a small and weak
and the revolution of a small and weak people the Cuban militia was mobilized
people the Cuban militia was mobilized and the country was put on a war footing
and the country was put on a war footing Russia alerted its military forces and
Russia alerted its military forces and warned that the United States is playing
warned that the United States is playing with fire at a special session of the
with fire at a special session of the United Nations security Council the
United Nations security Council the United States Cuba and Russia offered
United States Cuba and Russia offered separate resolutions and traded bitter
separate resolutions and traded bitter charges do you Ambassador Zoran deny
charges do you Ambassador Zoran deny that the USSR has placed and is placing
that the USSR has placed and is placing medium and intermediate range missiles
medium and intermediate range missiles and sites in Cuba yes or no don't wait
and sites in Cuba yes or no don't wait for the translation yes or
no I am not in an American American courtroom sir and therefore I do not
courtroom sir and therefore I do not wish to answer a question that is put to
wish to answer a question that is put to me in the fashion in which a prosecutor
me in the fashion in which a prosecutor does Ino you will have your reply I'm
does Ino you will have your reply I'm prepared to wait for my answer until
prepared to wait for my answer until hell freeze is over if that's your
hell freeze is over if that's your decision you know each side didn't know
decision you know each side didn't know what the other side was doing and there
what the other side was doing and there was a lot of room for
was a lot of room for miscalculation we believe there are
miscalculation we believe there are about 25 Soviet ship moving toward Cuba
about 25 Soviet ship moving toward Cuba if the vessel does not stop refuses to
if the vessel does not stop refuses to heed the
instructions force will be applied to assure that it does stop Nita TR says
assure that it does stop Nita TR says Soviet ships will never submit to the
Soviet ships will never submit to the United States blockade the next few days
United States blockade the next few days are critical who is going to Blink first
[Music] hey dispatch just in a lake development
hey dispatch just in a lake development 25 Soviet ship steam to Cuba if the
25 Soviet ship steam to Cuba if the ship's captains do not stop force will
ship's captains do not stop force will be used to stop them it was all a truly
be used to stop them it was all a truly historic drama taking place every moment
historic drama taking place every moment of every day we are now in the most
of every day we are now in the most dangerous situation since the end of
dangerous situation since the end of World War I the next 48 hours will be
World War I the next 48 hours will be decisive right up to the last minute the
decisive right up to the last minute the first ship looked like it was going
first ship looked like it was going through the barrier and at that point
through the barrier and at that point Kennedy would have had to do something
Kennedy would have had to do something more what it
more what it was uh wasn't even clear to him the
was uh wasn't even clear to him the White House was on the point of being
White House was on the point of being evacuated they thought that this was the
evacuated they thought that this was the early stages of uh World War
early stages of uh World War II you can listen to the tapes of the
II you can listen to the tapes of the Missile Crisis and on the last day when
Missile Crisis and on the last day when we seem so close to war you can hear the
we seem so close to war you can hear the voices becoming a little bit more ragged
voices becoming a little bit more ragged and a little bit more
urgent what my main point is I don't think at this particular point we should
think at this particular point we should show a weakness to Cru chef and I think
show a weakness to Cru chef and I think we would show a weakness if we if we can
we would show a weakness if we if we can can't send a low altitude aircraft
can't send a low altitude aircraft President Kennedy is the calm voice well
President Kennedy is the calm voice well let's be prepared for either one
let's be prepared for either one tomorrow let's wait see if they fire
tomorrow let's wait see if they fire meanwhile I'm not convinced yet of the
meanwhile I'm not convinced yet of the invad
here and at the last minute the Soviet ships turned
ships turned around kof has changed his
around kof has changed his position there was an announcement for
position there was an announcement for Moscow that they would withdraw the
Moscow that they would withdraw the missiles and I said the other guy just
blinked this is the day we have every reason to believe when the world came
reason to believe when the world came out from under the most terrible threat
out from under the most terrible threat of nuclear Holocaust since the end of
of nuclear Holocaust since the end of World War II
World War II the message to President Kennedy was
the message to President Kennedy was long and rambling but for the first time
long and rambling but for the first time Mr kov acknowledged the presence in Cuba
Mr kov acknowledged the presence in Cuba of Soviet missiles he argued they were
of Soviet missiles he argued they were defensive in nature but he said he
defensive in nature but he said he understood the president's feeling about
understood the president's feeling about them he said he would withdraw the
them he said he would withdraw the missiles if President Kennedy would
missiles if President Kennedy would promise not to invade Cuba the following
promise not to invade Cuba the following is the text of President Kennedy's
is the text of President Kennedy's statement of noon I welcome chairman
statement of noon I welcome chairman kav's statesmanlike
kav's statesmanlike decision to stop building bases in Cuba
decision to stop building bases in Cuba this is an
this is an important and
important and constructive contribution to
constructive contribution to peace there was an incredible sigh of
peace there was an incredible sigh of relief uh in the country and in the
relief uh in the country and in the world with the Tranquil courage of the
world with the Tranquil courage of the great leaders of democracy John
great leaders of democracy John Fitzgerald Kennedy said to the Communist
Fitzgerald Kennedy said to the Communist World enough
World enough there have been some back and forth
there have been some back and forth between Kennedy and kushev we'll make
between Kennedy and kushev we'll make our promise not to invade Cuba and
our promise not to invade Cuba and within a matter of months the United
within a matter of months the United States will take this missiles out of
States will take this missiles out of turkey and in return for that kusov
turkey and in return for that kusov publicly and verifiably removed Soviet
publicly and verifiably removed Soviet missiles from
missiles from Cuba the conditions of the Cold War have
Cuba the conditions of the Cold War have been altered in spirit if not in fact by
been altered in spirit if not in fact by what happened in Cuba as a result of
what happened in Cuba as a result of American determination in the crisis
American determination in the crisis morale has been raised throughout the
morale has been raised throughout the non-communist world perhaps this is the
non-communist world perhaps this is the beginning of more understanding between
beginning of more understanding between our
our people both sides realize we need to
people both sides realize we need to stand back from this and we need to
stand back from this and we need to create a framework that's less dangerous
create a framework that's less dangerous I have chosen this time and place to
I have chosen this time and place to discuss a topic on which ignorance too
discuss a topic on which ignorance too often
often abounds and the truth too rarely
abounds and the truth too rarely perceived and that is the most important
perceived and that is the most important topic on Earth peace
topic on Earth peace the following June Kennedy gives the
the following June Kennedy gives the famous peace speech at American
famous peace speech at American University in which he talks about
University in which he talks about changing our attitudes toward the Soviet
changing our attitudes toward the Soviet Union for in the final analysis our most
Union for in the final analysis our most basic common link is that we all inhabit
basic common link is that we all inhabit this small planet we all breathe the
this small planet we all breathe the same air we all cherish our children's
same air we all cherish our children's Futures and we are all
Futures and we are all Mortal Kennedy and his people waited for
Mortal Kennedy and his people waited for any reaction from Moscow at
any reaction from Moscow at all and then they got the teletype
all and then they got the teletype saying that for the first and only time
saying that for the first and only time a speech of an American president
a speech of an American president covered a complete page of prda the
covered a complete page of prda the party newspaper kushev decided to change
party newspaper kushev decided to change his world policy the strategy of
his world policy the strategy of creating tension all around the American
creating tension all around the American Empire was dropped and he said to his
Empire was dropped and he said to his colleagues in the presidium you know
colleagues in the presidium you know what let's give him the test B treaty
the United States the Soviet Union and Great Britain promised to end all
Great Britain promised to end all nuclear test explosions in the
nuclear test explosions in the atmosphere outer space and
atmosphere outer space and underwater was big deal in Soviet Union
underwater was big deal in Soviet Union the same as United States and kof was
the same as United States and kof was very proud that they stopped testing and
very proud that they stopped testing and poisoning atmosphere man's long hopeful
poisoning atmosphere man's long hopeful Quest for Peace will cease to be only a
Quest for Peace will cease to be only a dream and will begin to acquire solid
reties the nuclear Test Ban Treaty it's one of the truly great achievements of
one of the truly great achievements of the uh Kennedy presidency we shall not
the uh Kennedy presidency we shall not regret that we have made this clear and
regret that we have made this clear and honorable National commitment to the
honorable National commitment to the cause of man's survival for under this
cause of man's survival for under this treaty we can and must still keep our
treaty we can and must still keep our vigil in defense of freedom
vigil in defense of freedom [Music]
[Music] the people of this country are elated by
the people of this country are elated by the feeling that the United States
the feeling that the United States finally has taken the initiative in our
finally has taken the initiative in our conflict with Communism but all along
conflict with Communism but all along the borders of Communism we and our
the borders of Communism we and our enemies have unfinished
business Mr President the headline and the story of the New York Times
the story of the New York Times yesterday morning has said that
yesterday morning has said that Administration will try diplomacy in
Administration will try diplomacy in Vietnam which I'd assume we've been
Vietnam which I'd assume we've been trying all along uh what can we do in
trying all along uh what can we do in this situation which uh seems to
this situation which uh seems to parallel
parallel other uh famous debacles of dealing with
other uh famous debacles of dealing with unpopular governments in the
unpopular governments in the past well in the first place we ought to
past well in the first place we ought to realize that Vietnam has been at War for
realize that Vietnam has been at War for 25 years Kennedy had treated Vietnam as
25 years Kennedy had treated Vietnam as a second tier issue until
a second tier issue until 1963 he was dealing with Berlin he was
1963 he was dealing with Berlin he was dealing with Cuba he had his domestic
dealing with Cuba he had his domestic challenges he had sent troops to train
challenges he had sent troops to train the South Vietnamese Army but he wasn't
the South Vietnamese Army but he wasn't happy about it the final analysis it's
happy about it the final analysis it's their War they're the ones who have to
their War they're the ones who have to win it or lose it we can help them give
win it or lose it we can help them give them equipment we can send our men out
them equipment we can send our men out there as advisers but they have to win
there as advisers but they have to win at the people of Vietnam against the
at the people of Vietnam against the Communist Kennedy felt that uh the
Communist Kennedy felt that uh the United States had to draw a line against
United States had to draw a line against communist expansion but the Soviets
communist expansion but the Soviets supported the North Vietnam regime we
supported the North Vietnam regime we supported the
South it's what becomes known as the Domino Theory if South Vietnam Falls
Domino Theory if South Vietnam Falls than all the rest of Southeast Asia Leos
than all the rest of Southeast Asia Leos Cambodia the Philippines they might be
Cambodia the Philippines they might be defeated as I believe I reported upon my
defeated as I believe I reported upon my return from previous visits uh I've been
return from previous visits uh I've been very much encouraged by the progress
very much encouraged by the progress which the South Vietnamese forces have
which the South Vietnamese forces have been making and by the assistance which
been making and by the assistance which our forces have rendered to them when
our forces have rendered to them when Vietnam started up they believe that
Vietnam started up they believe that they had so expertly micromanaged the
they had so expertly micromanaged the Cuban Missile crisis that they could do
Cuban Missile crisis that they could do the same in the Southeast Asian Nation
the same in the Southeast Asian Nation 10,000 Mi
10,000 Mi away the North Vietnamese were very
away the North Vietnamese were very different from the Soviets and christov
different from the Soviets and christov and the attempt to resolve the
and the attempt to resolve the Vietnamese crisis through controlled
Vietnamese crisis through controlled escalation simply didn't work the
escalation simply didn't work the government of South Vietnam has been
government of South Vietnam has been overthrown by a military group if we are
overthrown by a military group if we are at all involved I hope we don't have
at all involved I hope we don't have another Bay of Pigs on our hands are we
another Bay of Pigs on our hands are we winning the war in South Vietnam winning
winning the war in South Vietnam winning no we're losing
now Kennedy says to one of his principal AIDs that after he's reelected in 64
AIDs that after he's reelected in 64 then he can talk about getting out of
then he can talk about getting out of Vietnam it's difficult to believe that
Vietnam it's difficult to believe that the story of the United States in
the story of the United States in Vietnam would have followed the same
Vietnam would have followed the same course had John F Kennedy not gone to
course had John F Kennedy not gone to Dallas in 1963
do we know what Kennedy would have done if he had
if he had lived there's all sorts of evidence to
lived there's all sorts of evidence to suggest that he never would have done
suggest that he never would have done what Lyon Johnson did in Vietnam this
what Lyon Johnson did in Vietnam this nation will keep its commitments from
nation will keep its commitments from South Vietnam to West
South Vietnam to West [Music]
[Music] Berlin though LBJ had experienced the
Berlin though LBJ had experienced the same crisis by setting sitting next to
same crisis by setting sitting next to Kennedy he had not come out with the
Kennedy he had not come out with the same conclusions he did not share
same conclusions he did not share Kennedy's suspicion of the United States
Kennedy's suspicion of the United States military or of military advice once
military or of military advice once Kennedy was gone it was inevitable that
Kennedy was gone it was inevitable that US forign policy would change you lost a
US forign policy would change you lost a president who was skeptical of military
president who was skeptical of military advice and gained one who usually took
advice and gained one who usually took [Music]
[Music] it the official Russian announcement
it the official Russian announcement said he resigned the crowds that once
said he resigned the crowds that once cheered kch wildly were left in the dark
cheered kch wildly were left in the dark as just what went on when the Central
as just what went on when the Central Committee met to name Leon brf as the
Committee met to name Leon brf as the new leader of the party my father was
new leader of the party my father was shocked his successor just turn the
shocked his successor just turn the opposite direction and then reverse all
opposite direction and then reverse all his policies he was very
his policies he was very upset he had begun a new age with the
upset he had begun a new age with the Soviet Union a thawing of the Cold War
Soviet Union a thawing of the Cold War not complete but the beginning of
not complete but the beginning of something but things changed
the Cuban Miss crisis showed that neither side could gain a military
neither side could gain a military victory over the other side so therefore
victory over the other side so therefore the competition had to take a different
the competition had to take a different form it was beginning of the very rapid
form it was beginning of the very rapid changes in the relations between two
changes in the relations between two countries Next Period in our history
countries Next Period in our history will compete in the
will compete in the economy in the end we couldn't defeat
economy in the end we couldn't defeat the Soviet Union
the Soviet Union militarily but we could demonstrate that
militarily but we could demonstrate that we had a much better attractive Society
we had a much better attractive Society the United States of America wants to
the United States of America wants to see the Cold War end we want sanity and
see the Cold War end we want sanity and security and peace for all and above all
security and peace for all and above all President Kennedy I'm sure would regard
President Kennedy I'm sure would regard as his best Memorial the fact that in
as his best Memorial the fact that in his three years as president the world
his three years as president the world became a little
became a little safer and the way ahead became a little
safer and the way ahead became a little brighter
Here Comes Air Force number one the president's plane now touching
president's plane now touching down there's Mrs Kennedy and the crowd
down there's Mrs Kennedy and the crowd Ys and the president of the United
Ys and the president of the United States
States and I can see his son's hand all the way
and I can see his son's hand all the way from here looking at how
from here looking at how things actually went it wasn't just a
things actually went it wasn't just a trip to Dallas it was a political trip
trip to Dallas it was a political trip preparing for the 1964 elections shaking
preparing for the 1964 elections shaking hands now with the Dallas people
hands now with the Dallas people Governor Mrs connley governor connley on
Governor Mrs connley governor connley on your
your left it was whether Kennedy could use
left it was whether Kennedy could use his Charisma and his influence to get
his Charisma and his influence to get all the squabbling Democrats in Texas to
all the squabbling Democrats in Texas to come together before the election the
come together before the election the next year and here comes the president
next year and here comes the president now in fact he's not in his limousine
now in fact he's not in his limousine he's Departed the limousine and he is
he's Departed the limousine and he is Reaching Across the fence shaking
Reaching Across the fence shaking hands in those days everybody could get
hands in those days everybody could get a lot closer to the president I was
a lot closer to the president I was standing behind Mrs Kennedy and I saw a
standing behind Mrs Kennedy and I saw a hand reach through the chainlink fence
hand reach through the chainlink fence and break off one of the red roses
and break off one of the red roses thousands of children now swarming
thousands of children now swarming trying to get over the fence the Dallas
trying to get over the fence the Dallas police trying to keep them back this is
police trying to keep them back this is great for the people and uh makes the
great for the people and uh makes the eggshells even thinner for the service
eggshells even thinner for the service whose job it is to guard the man the
whose job it is to guard the man the trip had gone terrifically well in Texas
trip had gone terrifically well in Texas pretty hard to write a script for it
pretty hard to write a script for it going any
going any better thousands will be on hand for
better thousands will be on hand for that motor cave now which will be
that motor cave now which will be downtown Dallas a number of my
downtown Dallas a number of my classmates were gone they were at the
classmates were gone they were at the parade my father had been invited to
parade my father had been invited to have lunch with Kennedy at the Trade
have lunch with Kennedy at the Trade Center there was a a mood a climate of
Center there was a a mood a climate of excitement
excitement the speech of President Kennedy at the
the speech of President Kennedy at the Dallas trademark will be broadcast by
Dallas trademark will be broadcast by 570 radio stay tuned for the president's
570 radio stay tuned for the president's Dallas speech at the trademark on 570
Dallas speech at the trademark on 570 [Music]
[Music] radio at Night Big Boss
me yeah Big Boss Man [Music]
[Music] won't you help me when I
call well you [Music]
[Music] Ain just talling us
Ain just talling us all this bu just into the Kil news
all this bu just into the Kil news terminal line Dallas three shots were
terminal line Dallas three shots were fired at the motor Cate of President
fired at the motor Cate of President Kennedy's day in Downtown Dallas Police
Kennedy's day in Downtown Dallas Police radios are carrying that the president
radios are carrying that the president has been hit hospital has been advised
has been hit hospital has been advised to stand by for a severe gunshot wound
to stand by for a severe gunshot wound this is water gr guide in our Newsroom
this is water gr guide in our Newsroom in there has been an attempt on the life
in there has been an attempt on the life of President
Kennedy uh let's turn the mic on I can't hear you Johnny what do you want you
hear you Johnny what do you want you want me to move back a little bit is it
want me to move back a little bit is it all right now
all right now is this all
is this all right ladies and gentlemen I'd like to
right ladies and gentlemen I'd like to introduce to you the chief cameraman and
introduce to you the chief cameraman and assistant news director of WFA
assistant news director of WFA television this is Bert ship Bert we
television this is Bert ship Bert we have brought the people pretty much up
have brought the people pretty much up to date uh would you tell them exactly
to date uh would you tell them exactly what you know as of this point well Jay
what you know as of this point well Jay I was standing at the uh trademark
I was standing at the uh trademark waiting his arrival there all of a
waiting his arrival there all of a sudden the uh we saw them approaching
sudden the uh we saw them approaching they didn't slow down a matter of fact
they didn't slow down a matter of fact they were going 70 80 M hour past us and
they were going 70 80 M hour past us and then I jumped in the police car and went
then I jumped in the police car and went to
Parkland these two men come running in one of them had a large appeared to be a
one of them had a large appeared to be a machine gun and they was hollering our
machine gun and they was hollering our stretchers and Cs and everything and
stretchers and Cs and everything and Governor they brought him in first what
Governor they brought him in first what happened after this well then the
happened after this well then the president come in and meet behind him
president come in and meet behind him and uh and they took them all the way
and uh and they took them all the way both of them back to the
both of them back to the room Albert Thomas Democrat of Texas
room Albert Thomas Democrat of Texas standing outside the carer of the
standing outside the carer of the emergency room said he's been told the
emergency room said he's been told the president was still alive but in very
president was still alive but in very critical
critical [Music]
[Music] condition the president has not arrived
condition the president has not arrived here a group of secret servic men and
here a group of secret servic men and other officials is gathered where the
other officials is gathered where the president normally would enter And
president normally would enter And discussing heatedly with one another
discussing heatedly with one another some subject or other of course we have
some subject or other of course we have no idea of what now here's an
no idea of what now here's an announcement from the platform Mr Eric
announcement from the platform Mr Eric Johnson uh with an announcement it is
Johnson uh with an announcement it is true our president governor Conley
have been sh we should tell you as much as we know
sh we should tell you as much as we know as soon as we know
as soon as we know anying
anying [Music]
thank a gentleman just walked in our studio that I am meeting for the first
studio that I am meeting for the first time as well as you this is WF TV in
time as well as you this is WF TV in Dallas Texas may I have your name please
Dallas Texas may I have your name please sir my name is Abraham zuda Mr zuda zuda
sir my name is Abraham zuda Mr zuda zuda yes sir zuda and would you tell us your
yes sir zuda and would you tell us your story please
story please sir I got out and uh about a half hour
sir I got out and uh about a half hour earlier and get a good spot to shoot
earlier and get a good spot to shoot some pictures 5-year-old boy and myself
some pictures 5-year-old boy and myself were by ourselves on the grass there on
were by ourselves on the grass there on Palmer Street and I asked Joe to wave to
Palmer Street and I asked Joe to wave to him and Joe waved and I waved and
him and Joe waved and I waved and the man that's all right
the man that's all right [Music]
[Music] sir as he as he was waiting back
sir as he as he was waiting back he was he was the shot L out and he
he was he was the shot L out and he slumped down in the seat and then all of
slumped down in the seat and then all of a sudden this next one popped and
a sudden this next one popped and Governor connley grabbed his stomach and
Governor connley grabbed his stomach and kind of laid over to the side and then
kind of laid over to the side and then another one it was just all so fast and
another one it was just all so fast and President Kenny reached up and grabbed
President Kenny reached up and grabbed looked like he's grabbed his ear and
looked like he's grabbed his ear and blood just started gushing out you see
blood just started gushing out you see the person who fired the no not I didn't
the person who fired the no not I didn't see any person fire the weapon you only
see any person fire the weapon you only heard it I only heard it and I looked up
heard it I only heard it and I looked up and saw a man running up this
and saw a man running up this hill if it's a conspiracy not only the
hill if it's a conspiracy not only the president was hit the governor was hit
president was hit the governor was hit who knows if the next shot would have
who knows if the next shot would have been for Lyon Johnson Johnson's car
been for Lyon Johnson Johnson's car pulls into the emergency Bay at Parkland
pulls into the emergency Bay at Parkland Hospital four agents reach in and they
Hospital four agents reach in and they grab Johnson and pull him out and start
grab Johnson and pull him out and start to run him down one Corridor around
to run him down one Corridor around looking for a safe place Mr Johnson his
looking for a safe place Mr Johnson his whereabouts are being kept secret for
whereabouts are being kept secret for security reasons uh if anyone knows
security reasons uh if anyone knows where Mr Johnson is uh it is not us at
where Mr Johnson is uh it is not us at moment there was a signal moment in our
moment there was a signal moment in our cultural history suddenly it occurred to
cultural history suddenly it occurred to us the right thing to do is to turn on
us the right thing to do is to turn on television reports continue to come in
television reports continue to come in but in a confused and fragmentary
but in a confused and fragmentary fashion president has been given a blood
fashion president has been given a blood transfusion at Parkland Hospital here in
transfusion at Parkland Hospital here in Dallas in an effort to save his life it
Dallas in an effort to save his life it was odd because uh there were no
was odd because uh there were no commercials it was just a continuous
commercials it was just a continuous experience for two priests and have
experience for two priests and have entered the emergency room at Parkland
entered the emergency room at Parkland Hospital where he rests after the
Hospital where he rests after the assassination attempt which now was
assassination attempt which now was about a half hour
ago what are your feelings right now man I'm absolutely shocked stunned alive we
I'm absolutely shocked stunned alive we have the same birthday I'm just
have the same birthday I'm just crazy I me who would want to shoot the
crazy I me who would want to shoot the prisoner what did he do I mean he's been
prisoner what did he do I mean he's been doing so much for the country someone
doing so much for the country someone who goes ahead and shoots him a flash
who goes ahead and shoots him a flash from Dallas
from Dallas two priests who were with President
two priests who were with President Kennedy say he is dead of bullet wounds
Kennedy say he is dead of bullet wounds this is the latest information we have
this is the latest information we have from
from Dallas I will repeat with the greatest
Dallas I will repeat with the greatest regret two priests who were with
regret two priests who were with President Kennedy say he has died of
President Kennedy say he has died of bullet
wounds Malcolm Kilda the assistant press secretary was filling in for the regular
secretary was filling in for the regular press secretary and then he had to draw
press secretary and then he had to draw himself up to give the most fateful
himself up to give the most fateful announcement that a press secretary
announcement that a press secretary might have ever had to give all the
might have ever had to give all the cameras were rolling and I remember he
cameras were rolling and I remember he put his fingers like this on the desk
put his fingers like this on the desk and pressed very hard to stop his hands
and pressed very hard to stop his hands trembling do it
trembling do it again John F
again John F Kennedy died at approximately 1:00
Kennedy died at approximately 1:00 central standard
central standard time
time today here in
today here in Dallas he died of a gunshot wound in the
Dallas he died of a gunshot wound in the brain slow it
brain slow it [Music]
down I have no other details regarding the assassination of the
president the people standing here are stunned just as all of us are beyond
stunned just as all of us are beyond belief that the president of the United
belief that the president of the United States is
States is dead all over the world people are going
dead all over the world people are going to remember all their lives what they
to remember all their lives what they were doing when they first heard that
were doing when they first heard that President Kennedy had been
President Kennedy had been killed the crowds are standing around in
killed the crowds are standing around in silence and sorrow in the Rain the
silence and sorrow in the Rain the strange thing is you don't even notice
strange thing is you don't even notice it's raining and if you do notice you
it's raining and if you do notice you don't
don't care I just can't believe it I just I
care I just can't believe it I just I feel that um someone in my own family
feel that um someone in my own family that they Dad I just can't believe it
that they Dad I just can't believe it ma'am I can't
ma'am I can't say like a days you don't know what's
say like a days you don't know what's going on why why did it happen who would
going on why why did it happen who would have done such a thing is he
questioned in the first minutes and hours chaos and confusion was radiating
hours chaos and confusion was radiating out from the scene itself was very
out from the scene itself was very pervasive Secret Service agents thought
pervasive Secret Service agents thought the gun fires from an automatic weapon
the gun fires from an automatic weapon fired possibly from a grassy null I saw
fired possibly from a grassy null I saw some police run up this grassy slope I
some police run up this grassy slope I thought they're chasing a gunman I ran
thought they're chasing a gunman I ran with them the report is that they
with them the report is that they attempted assassins we now hear it was a
attempted assassins we now hear it was a man and a woman I got to the top looked
man and a woman I got to the top looked around a policeman went over the fence
around a policeman went over the fence so I went over the fence too there was
so I went over the fence too there was nothing there the television newsman
nothing there the television newsman said that he looked up just after the
said that he looked up just after the shot was fired and saw a rifle being
shot was fired and saw a rifle being withdrawn from A fifth or sixth floor
withdrawn from A fifth or sixth floor window it was originally thought that
window it was originally thought that the shots came from in here and now it's
the shots came from in here and now it's believed that the shots came from this
believed that the shots came from this building here the police officers
building here the police officers running back toward the Texas school
running back toward the Texas school depository building they are going to
depository building they are going to continue searching in that building for
continue searching in that building for the would be assess of the president the
the would be assess of the president the center of downtown Dallas is in a
center of downtown Dallas is in a virtual state of Siege they are combing
virtual state of Siege they are combing the floors at the Texas Book Depository
the floors at the Texas Book Depository building in an effort to find the
building in an effort to find the suspected
suspected assassin in the building on the sixth
assassin in the building on the sixth floor we found an area near a window
floor we found an area near a window that had partially been blocked off by
that had partially been blocked off by boxes of books and also the three spent
boxes of books and also the three spent shells that had apparently been fired
shells that had apparently been fired from
from a prime lab Lieutenant JC day just came
a prime lab Lieutenant JC day just came out of that building with a British 303
out of that building with a British 303 rifle it was a 7.65 moer a high-powered
rifle it was a 7.65 moer a high-powered army or Japanese rifle of 25 caliber a
army or Japanese rifle of 25 caliber a 3030 rifle much of the first things you
3030 rifle much of the first things you here are going to be wrong and to some
here are going to be wrong and to some degree you were constantly trying to
degree you were constantly trying to separate out what seemed to be a fact in
separate out what seemed to be a fact in Dallas a Dallas policeman just a short
Dallas a Dallas policeman just a short while ago was shot and killed while
while ago was shot and killed while chasing a suspect JD tippet a good
chasing a suspect JD tippet a good experienced police officer was shot
experienced police officer was shot three times in the chest in the Oak
three times in the chest in the Oak Cliff section of Dallas then the manager
Cliff section of Dallas then the manager of a shoe store saw the suspect walking
of a shoe store saw the suspect walking into the Texas theater someone has been
into the Texas theater someone has been arrested in one of the downtown theaters
arrested in one of the downtown theaters uh they don't know if it was the man who
uh they don't know if it was the man who shot the policeman or the person who
shot the policeman or the person who actually shot President Kennedy police
actually shot President Kennedy police suddenly jumped this man and started to
suddenly jumped this man and started to drag him out of the theater hustled him
drag him out of the theater hustled him out to the car as the crowd broke and
out to the car as the crowd broke and started to Maul the police officers and
started to Maul the police officers and grab this man trying to run with him
grab this man trying to run with him they shouted murder and the officers
they shouted murder and the officers hustled him into the car and ran away
hustled him into the car and ran away just as fast as they could
as we mentioned a short while ago a number of arrests have been made in
number of arrests have been made in Dallas in the wake of President
Dallas in the wake of President Kennedy's death we have scenes of one of
Kennedy's death we have scenes of one of those arrests in the downtown area this
those arrests in the downtown area this was just after a Dallas policeman was
was just after a Dallas policeman was shot in the vicinity of a downtown movie
[Music] Housey approached him and as he
Housey approached him and as he approached him the man hit McDonald in
approached him the man hit McDonald in the face with his left hand reached the
the face with his left hand reached the pistol with his right hand
pistol with his right hand and as he reached for his pistol I
and as he reached for his pistol I grabbed him along with two or three
grabbed him along with two or three other officers what did he say to you
other officers what did he say to you after he was arrested he just said uh
after he was arrested he just said uh this is it it's all over with
this is it it's all over with [Music]
now this is a picture of him he probably does not look exactly
him he probably does not look exactly like this now after he's been
like this now after he's been questioned that's Lee Oswald the
questioned that's Lee Oswald the president the shot then a police officer
president the shot then a police officer is shot then someone named Lee Harvey
is shot then someone named Lee Harvey Oswald is arrested Oswald may be a
Oswald is arrested Oswald may be a suspect in the assassination who is he
suspect in the assassination who is he Lee Oswald of Dallas a former Marine who
Lee Oswald of Dallas a former Marine who spent some time in Russia who at one
spent some time in Russia who at one time had applied for Soviet
time had applied for Soviet citizenship description that we had of
citizenship description that we had of the suspect n Cliff was similar to the
the suspect n Cliff was similar to the description we had and the man we were
description we had and the man we were looking for as the Assassin but at that
looking for as the Assassin but at that time we had not been able to connect the
time we had not been able to connect the two in any way down there in this third
two in any way down there in this third floor Corridor a crowd of cameramen
floor Corridor a crowd of cameramen reporters wait for a possible appearance
reporters wait for a possible appearance of the man accused of killing President
of the man accused of killing President Kennedy and a Dallas police
Kennedy and a Dallas police officer now there will be a great deal
officer now there will be a great deal of confusion Mr Oswell is put through
of confusion Mr Oswell is put through the door I don't know if you saw
the door I don't know if you saw him Oswell lives at 1026 North
him Oswell lives at 1026 North Beckley he's an employee of a book
Beckley he's an employee of a book binding firm in the
binding firm in the building which the police and Secret
building which the police and Secret Service men believe the president was
Service men believe the president was shot
today Mrs Kennedy accompanied the body in an ambulance from the hospital to the
in an ambulance from the hospital to the airport where it will be flown back to
airport where it will be flown back to Washington they run everyone out of the
Washington they run everyone out of the emergency room of the hospital
emergency room of the hospital completely on the first floor there and
completely on the first floor there and uh they come out and told us that uh we
uh they come out and told us that uh we would have to help remove the remains
would have to help remove the remains into a casket
into a casket lynon Johnson had ordered that the body
lynon Johnson had ordered that the body be brought immediately to Air Force One
be brought immediately to Air Force One so there was a little tug of war they
so there was a little tug of war they almost shook the crucifix off of the top
almost shook the crucifix off of the top of the coffin as they were trying to get
of the coffin as they were trying to get that coffin out of the hospital took him
that coffin out of the hospital took him out and put him into the herse and uh
out and put him into the herse and uh one of the Secret Service men well about
one of the Secret Service men well about two or three of them got into the Hearst
two or three of them got into the Hearst and just drove off and uh left Mr O'Neal
and just drove off and uh left Mr O'Neal and first was just standing
there Vice President Johnson is expected to be sworn in as president to board an
to be sworn in as president to board an airliner before flying back to the
airliner before flying back to the nation's
nation's capital not everyone realized that
capital not everyone realized that Johnson was already the president
Johnson was already the president because he in fact had taken the oath in
because he in fact had taken the oath in January 61 the same oath the president
January 61 the same oath the president takes Johnson wanted to show the
takes Johnson wanted to show the American people that the government was
American people that the government was functioning without interruption and all
functioning without interruption and all so perhaps he wanted to show that his
so perhaps he wanted to show that his predecessors family bore him no ill will
predecessors family bore him no ill will for the
for the assassination Lyndon bains Johnson is
assassination Lyndon bains Johnson is flying back to Washington to take the
flying back to Washington to take the Reigns of government which time
Reigns of government which time President Johnson will have to take into
President Johnson will have to take into his hands the Reigns of the most
his hands the Reigns of the most powerful nation in the
powerful nation in the world we think November 22nd
world we think November 22nd 1963 as a date when a president was
1963 as a date when a president was killed but it was also a date when the
killed but it was also a date when the president was
created is there any doubt in your mind chief that Oswald is the man who killed
chief that Oswald is the man who killed the Pres I think this is the man that
the Pres I think this is the man that killed the president yes is there any
killed the president yes is there any evidence that anyone else may have been
evidence that anyone else may have been linked with Oswald to this shooting at
linked with Oswald to this shooting at this time we don't believe
so I uh I don't know what this is all about
black I work in that building you the naturally if I work in that building yes
naturally if I work in that building yes sir back up man pres no they're taking
sir back up man pres no they're taking me in because of the fact that I lived
me in because of the fact that I lived in
in the I'm just
a this is room 317 Homicide Bureau here at the Dallas Police Station as you see
at the Dallas Police Station as you see they are bringing the weapon that
they are bringing the weapon that allegedly used in the assassination of
allegedly used in the assassination of President John F Kennedy this afternoon
President John F Kennedy this afternoon at 12:30 here in
at 12:30 here in Dallas 6.5 apparently made in Italy in
1940 police have traced a rifle purchased in Chicago by mail order two o
purchased in Chicago by mail order two o he brought it under the Alias of a hidle
he brought it under the Alias of a hidle handwriting experts have established
handwriting experts have established that the hand Lighting on the purchase
that the hand Lighting on the purchase order was in fact made by oswal at the
order was in fact made by oswal at the price of
price of $12.78 the life of the president of the
$12.78 the life of the president of the United States apparently was Bor in the
United States apparently was Bor in the wake of the Kennedy assassination the
wake of the Kennedy assassination the Dallas police on the one hand they they
Dallas police on the one hand they they were committing all of the resources to
were committing all of the resources to trying to solve the crime but you're
trying to solve the crime but you're moving in the doorway when you get them
moving in the doorway when you get them in the doorway the other hand they were
in the doorway the other hand they were ill equipped to handle this
ill equipped to handle this tsunami of reporters
well I was uh questioned by a judge however I uh protested at that time that
however I uh protested at that time that I was not allowed
I was not allowed legal in bringing Oswald out they were
legal in bringing Oswald out they were of course doing something that you would
of course doing something that you would never see happen today but they were
never see happen today but they were trying to cooperate with the Press with
trying to cooperate with the Press with the understanding that there would not
the understanding that there would not be questions shouted at him did you kill
be questions shouted at him did you kill the president no I have not been charged
the president no I have not been charged with that in fact nobody has said that
with that in fact nobody has said that to me yet the first thing I heard about
to me yet the first thing I heard about it was when the newspaper reporters in
it was when the newspaper reporters in the hall uh asked me that question you
the hall uh asked me that question you have been nobody said what sir you
me at 135 this morning a complaint was read it charged that quote Lee Harvey
read it charged that quote Lee Harvey Oswald did voluntarily and with malice
Oswald did voluntarily and with malice of forethought killed John F Kennedy by
of forethought killed John F Kennedy by shooting him with a gun end quote
shooting him with a gun end quote following the reading of the complaint
following the reading of the complaint Oswald said that's
ridiculous within hours of the assassination it was very obvious to
assassination it was very obvious to virtually everyone in Dallas law
virtually everyone in Dallas law enforcement that Oswald had killed
enforcement that Oswald had killed Kennedy Chief can you tell us in summary
Kennedy Chief can you tell us in summary what directly links Oswald to the
what directly links Oswald to the killing of the
killing of the president well the fact that he was on
president well the fact that he was on the floor where the shots were fired
the floor where the shots were fired from immediately before the shots were
from immediately before the shots were fired the fact that he was seen carrying
fired the fact that he was seen carrying a package to the building fact that uh
a package to the building fact that uh when were carrying that package toay
when were carrying that package toay yesterday morning after the shooting in
yesterday morning after the shooting in D Plaza Oswalt was the only employee at
D Plaza Oswalt was the only employee at The Book Depository that fled the
The Book Depository that fled the building 45 minutes later he shoots and
building 45 minutes later he shoots and kills officer JD tippet half hour later
kills officer JD tippet half hour later at the Texas theater he resisted arrest
at the Texas theater he resisted arrest by pulling his gun on the arresting
by pulling his gun on the arresting officer just open during 12 hours of
officer just open during 12 hours of interrogation by the Dallas Police
interrogation by the Dallas Police Department over the weekend he told one
Department over the weekend he told one provable lie after another did you buy
provable lie after another did you buy that rifle dispatches you people have
that rifle dispatches you people have been given but I emphatically deny these
been given but I emphatically deny these charges within a day or so thereafter
charges within a day or so thereafter when they discovered what a complete nut
when they discovered what a complete nut this sky was they were satisfied beyond
this sky was they were satisfied beyond all reasonable doubt that Oswald
all reasonable doubt that Oswald had acted alone there's only one thing
had acted alone there's only one thing that I can tell you without going into
that I can tell you without going into the evidence that this case is cinched
the evidence that this case is cinched that this man killed the
that this man killed the president and there there's no question
president and there there's no question in in my mind about it we plan to
in in my mind about it we plan to transfer this man not tonight you men
transfer this man not tonight you men will be here by no later than 10:00 in
will be here by no later than 10:00 in the morning while it will that will be
the morning while it will that will be early enough Chief do you have any
early enough Chief do you have any concern for the safety of your prisoner
concern for the safety of your prisoner in view of the high feeling among the
in view of the high feeling among the people of Dallas over the assassination
people of Dallas over the assassination of the president no but the cautions
of the president no but the cautions will be taken of course but I'm not uh I
will be taken of course but I'm not uh I don't think that the people will try to
don't think that the people will try to take the prisoner away from
us all right let's do Lee oswal is to be taken soon
taken soon to the county jail that's true and you
to the county jail that's true and you are going to take him there house sir we
are going to take him there house sir we are going to use an armored motor
are going to use an armored motor vehicle to take him Dallas Police meant
vehicle to take him Dallas Police meant to transfer Lee into the regular prison
to transfer Lee into the regular prison during the night to avoid the
during the night to avoid the press and then someone must have
press and then someone must have overruled them so that Lee could be
overruled them so that Lee could be photographed by the Press during the
photographed by the Press during the transfer
transfer we're standing by awaiting the transfer
we're standing by awaiting the transfer of Oswald from City Jail to county jail
of Oswald from City Jail to county jail and uh for that report here is ABC's
and uh for that report here is ABC's Bill Lord at the city jail Bill what's
Bill Lord at the city jail Bill what's the situation well I am presently in the
the situation well I am presently in the basement of the Dallas municipal
basement of the Dallas municipal building and it is like an armed Camp
building and it is like an armed Camp police officials are frankly worried
police officials are frankly worried they don't want anything to happen to
they don't want anything to happen to Oswald it is through this Carter of
Oswald it is through this Carter of newsmen photographers and policemen that
newsmen photographers and policemen that Oswald will be brought to a vehicle for
Oswald will be brought to a vehicle for transfer to the Dallas County Jail a
transfer to the Dallas County Jail a distance of about 15 blocks which
distance of about 15 blocks which ironically is just across from the scene
ironically is just across from the scene where President Kennedy was assassinated
where President Kennedy was assassinated on
on Friday anticipation is built up here in
Friday anticipation is built up here in downtown D Dallas in front of the county
downtown D Dallas in front of the county jail they are waiting for a glimpse of
jail they are waiting for a glimpse of Lee
Lee Oswald there he is he is here he come
Oswald there he is he is here he come another prisoner wearing
it being let out by Captain Fritz there is
Fritz there is a there is
Le he's been shot he's been shot Le Oswald has been shot there's a man with
Oswald has been shot there's a man with a gun absolute Panic absolute Panic here
a gun absolute Panic absolute Panic here in the basement of Dallas Police
in the basement of Dallas Police Headquarters Detective have their guns
Headquarters Detective have their guns drawn there is no question about it
drawn there is no question about it oswal has been shot at Point flank range
oswal has been shot at Point flank range fired into his
fired into his stomach he is he is shot
stomach he is he is shot is that shot the man or do you know that
is that shot the man or do you know that is the man that sh to
is the man that sh to man immediately after the shooting our
man immediately after the shooting our only witnesses that we could talk to
only witnesses that we could talk to were other
were other reporters where did he go here when he
reporters where did he go here when he was here he just sh there just put the
was here he just sh there just put the gun there I saw the flash on the
gun there I saw the flash on the blackelly oh yeah right and
blackelly oh yeah right and they I saw there wasn't a group of men
they I saw there wasn't a group of men right
right here is one of us or what I thought he
here is one of us or what I thought he was one of the detective you know he had
was one of the detective you know he had a hat the situation is now that Lee
a hat the situation is now that Lee haral Oswell has been shot The Man Who
haral Oswell has been shot The Man Who Saw the shot fired said it was fired by
Saw the shot fired said it was fired by a man wearing a black hat a brown coat a
a man wearing a black hat a brown coat a man that everyone down here thought was
man that everyone down here thought was a secret service agent
a secret service agent we can hear sirens outside and an
we can hear sirens outside and an ambulance apparently is moving down now
ambulance apparently is moving down now into the basement here comes the
ambulance and Oswald will be removed now the ambulance is being pulled up in
now the ambulance is being pulled up in front of us
front of us here Here Comes Oswald he's he is ashing
here Here Comes Oswald he's he is ashing and unconscious at this time now being
and unconscious at this time now being moved in he's not moving
moved in he's not moving he's in the ambulance now and attendant
he's in the ambulance now and attendant police are quickly climbing
police are quickly climbing in the ambulance is leaving Dallas
in the ambulance is leaving Dallas Police Headquarters where will he be
Police Headquarters where will he be taken I'm assuming Parkland Hospital
taken I'm assuming Parkland Hospital Parkland Hospital the irony of irony is
Parkland Hospital the irony of irony is the place where President John F Kennedy
the place where President John F Kennedy [Music]
died I believe the man don't take the microphone your head up let's start
microphone your head up let's start again what is your reaction to the
again what is your reaction to the shooting of Oswald well I think it's a
shooting of Oswald well I think it's a deplorable uh situation uh the man is
deplorable uh situation uh the man is entitled to a fair trial they should
entitled to a fair trial they should give him a fair trial C killing him just
give him a fair trial C killing him just like that ain't nothing cuz I ain't
like that ain't nothing cuz I ain't going to bring President Kennedy back to
going to bring President Kennedy back to life and after you get a child they
life and after you get a child they should let him out on the street and let
should let him out on the street and let the people kill him they should not only
the people kill him they should not only shoot him but cut him up in pieces put
shoot him but cut him up in pieces put him every 1 hour in a fire inste of up
him every 1 hour in a fire inste of up for one day and then the next day start
for one day and then the next day start again thank
you you got a man that I believe I didn't see it I think it's the man you
didn't see it I think it's the man you got you got him what's he look like I
got you got him what's he look like I can't give you description now he is he
can't give you description now he is he is he is known locally immediately after
is he is known locally immediately after the ambulance left somehow I begun to
the ambulance left somehow I begun to suspect that maybe the shooter was
suspect that maybe the shooter was someone who was known to the police do
someone who was known to the police do you know this subject do you know it
you know this subject do you know it have you seen him before
have you seen him before is he from Dallas
is he from Dallas yes I couldn't tell you do you know what
yes I couldn't tell you do you know what kind of business he happens to be in uh
kind of business he happens to be in uh Bob I wouldn't want to say right uh
Bob I wouldn't want to say right uh Dallas City Hall is normally a public
Dallas City Hall is normally a public building but today it was really under
building but today it was really under armed
armed guard Jack Jack Carousel
Carousel we uh is this a confirmed report as to who did the shooting far as
report as to who did the shooting far as I know I just got it from Vic Robertson
I know I just got it from Vic Robertson uh Vic Robertson from City Hall reports
uh Vic Robertson from City Hall reports that Jack Ruby the owner of the SL which
that Jack Ruby the owner of the SL which is a bar in Dallas did the
brief oswal expired at 10:7
oswal expired at 10:7 p.m. died he died
p.m. died he died at 10:7
at 10:7 p.m. we have arrested the man the man
p.m. we have arrested the man the man will will be charged with murder who is
will will be charged with murder who is he the man the suspect's name is Jack
he the man the suspect's name is Jack Rubenstein I
Rubenstein I believe he goes by the name of Jack
believe he goes by the name of Jack Ruby and here is Associated Press still
Ruby and here is Associated Press still picture of the moment the Split Second
picture of the moment the Split Second as the shot was fired this is the man
as the shot was fired this is the man Dallas Police have identified as Jack
Dallas Police have identified as Jack Ruben Stein and this of course is Lee
Ruben Stein and this of course is Lee Harvey Oswald you see the gun in the
Harvey Oswald you see the gun in the hand of of Ruby and just about to be
hand of of Ruby and just about to be fired I know my own feelings were and I
fired I know my own feelings were and I think they were widely shared by many if
think they were widely shared by many if not most Americans this can't be
not most Americans this can't be coincidental the Assassin is
coincidental the Assassin is assassinated in the police station what
assassinated in the police station what in the hell is going on just learned
in the hell is going on just learned from City Hall from a very authoritative
from City Hall from a very authoritative source that police are working on the
source that police are working on the assumption that there indeed is a
assumption that there indeed is a connection between Jack Ruby and Lee
connection between Jack Ruby and Lee Oswald and that in some manner of
Oswald and that in some manner of speaking Oswald's murder was to shut him
speaking Oswald's murder was to shut him up Captain will Fritz just told me that
up Captain will Fritz just told me that Ruby has said that he did it that it was
Ruby has said that he did it that it was his gun and that he had built up a
his gun and that he had built up a tremendous grievance over the death of
tremendous grievance over the death of the president in Jack Ruby's small mind
the president in Jack Ruby's small mind he thought he was going to become a big
he thought he was going to become a big big hero I mean he killed the guy who
big hero I mean he killed the guy who killed the president to commend what he
killed the president to commend what he did I think he ought have been the
did I think he ought have been the Congressional Medal of Honor for it and
Congressional Medal of Honor for it and a lot of other good American citizens
a lot of other good American citizens think he did exactly the right thing in
think he did exactly the right thing in shooting down this communist word also
shooting down this communist word also in just now from Dallas that homicide
in just now from Dallas that homicide Chief Captain will Fritz has now said
Chief Captain will Fritz has now said that the case of President Kennedy's
that the case of President Kennedy's assassination is now closed with the
assassination is now closed with the death of Oswald it may not however be
death of Oswald it may not however be the opinion of the US Secret Service or
the opinion of the US Secret Service or the Federal Bureau of
Investigation our nation is bered the whole world is poor because of
bered the whole world is poor because of his
his loss but we can all be better Americans
loss but we can all be better Americans because John Fitzgerald Kennedy has
because John Fitzgerald Kennedy has passed our
passed our way because he has been our chosen
way because he has been our chosen leader at a time in history when his
leader at a time in history when his character his vision and his quiet
character his vision and his quiet courage have enabled him to chart a
courage have enabled him to chart a course for
course for us a safe course for us through the shs
us a safe course for us through the shs of treacherous seas that Encompass the
of treacherous seas that Encompass the world and now that he is relieved of the
world and now that he is relieved of the almost superhuman burden we imposed on
almost superhuman burden we imposed on him may he rest in
him may he rest in [Music]
peace Dallas today had even more to mourn it held funeral services for one
mourn it held funeral services for one of its own who was a victim of Friday's
of its own who was a victim of Friday's tragedy officer J D
tippet there was a funeral of a very different sort today in nearby Fort
different sort today in nearby Fort Worth this was the dreary funeral of Lee
Worth this was the dreary funeral of Lee Harvey Oswald alleged murderer of
Harvey Oswald alleged murderer of President Kennedy the pathetic group of
President Kennedy the pathetic group of MERS included Oswald's mother
MERS included Oswald's mother margarit his wife
margarit his wife Marina his brother Robert and Oswald's
Marina his brother Robert and Oswald's two children one of them a babe in
two children one of them a babe in arms the six Paul bearers you see here
arms the six Paul bearers you see here are newsmen there were not enough
are newsmen there were not enough relatives or friends on hand to serve as
relatives or friends on hand to serve as Paul
bearers now there is a new flag of the president of the United States flying in
president of the United States flying in the White House in President Kennedy's
the White House in President Kennedy's old Oval Office Mrs Evelyn Lincoln his
old Oval Office Mrs Evelyn Lincoln his secretary and her AIDS have removed
secretary and her AIDS have removed every scrap every vestage of the signs
every scrap every vestage of the signs of the personal touches of President
of the personal touches of President Kennedy we know from history that one
Kennedy we know from history that one tests of societies is how do they handle
tests of societies is how do they handle the transfer of power at the top lynon
the transfer of power at the top lynon Johnson whatever you thought of him and
Johnson whatever you thought of him and a lot of people disliked him greatly
a lot of people disliked him greatly some even hated him would be the
some even hated him would be the president in the United States I think
president in the United States I think it shouted about the strength of the
it shouted about the strength of the country and that we swear by the rule of
country and that we swear by the rule of [Music]
[Music] law the president of the United
law the president of the United [Applause]
Americans all I have I would have given
have I would have given gladly not to be standing here
gladly not to be standing here today Johnson knows he has to show the
today Johnson knows he has to show the country that the ship of state is
country that the ship of state is sailing on under a new captain but at
sailing on under a new captain but at the same time he can't appear to be too
the same time he can't appear to be too anxious to assume power and he has to
anxious to assume power and he has to keep the Kennedy people on board with
keep the Kennedy people on board with him so that speech means everything no
him so that speech means everything no words are strong
words are strong enough to express our
enough to express our determination to continue the forward
determination to continue the forward Trust of America that he
Trust of America that he [Applause]
began the people of Europe just count cannot believe that a lone Avenger made
cannot believe that a lone Avenger made his way into a major police station and
his way into a major police station and killed without difficulty the most
killed without difficulty the most celebrated and Infamous criminal in the
celebrated and Infamous criminal in the United States one of the most important
United States one of the most important things that happened after Oswald's
things that happened after Oswald's murder was that we you know were forever
murder was that we you know were forever denied the why I mean people at the time
denied the why I mean people at the time believed he did
believed he did it question was why there are questions
it question was why there are questions continuing coming up about the
continuing coming up about the possibility of an international plot
possibility of an international plot there's still all this thought that the
there's still all this thought that the Russians might be behind it or Cuba
Russians might be behind it or Cuba might be behind it Johnson sees there's
might be behind it Johnson sees there's a real danger in that you want to put
a real danger in that you want to put these rumors to
these rumors to rest investigations into all the facts
rest investigations into all the facts of these last 4 days may not be limited
of these last 4 days may not be limited to the state of Texas or the FBI some
to the state of Texas or the FBI some congressmen already have suggested a
congressmen already have suggested a congressional
congressional investigation killing a president wasn't
investigation killing a president wasn't a federal crime at the time so you had
a federal crime at the time so you had the Federal government intervening in
the Federal government intervening in still what was a local murder there
still what was a local murder there certainly was a concern of competing
certainly was a concern of competing investigations there was the Dallas
investigations there was the Dallas criminal investigation there was the
criminal investigation there was the state of Texas Court of inquiry and
state of Texas Court of inquiry and there were committees on both sides of
there were committees on both sides of Congress while of course the FBI had
Congress while of course the FBI had been given the job to conduct a
been given the job to conduct a fullscale
fullscale investigation Johnson realizes something
investigation Johnson realizes something has to be done he realizes that he has
has to be done he realizes that he has to appoint a body that the public will
to appoint a body that the public will respect to look into
respect to look into this yes Mr President I've got to have a
this yes Mr President I've got to have a top Blue Ribbon presidential commission
top Blue Ribbon presidential commission to investigate this assassination I'm
to investigate this assassination I'm going to ask CL and delis and Ford and
going to ask CL and delis and Ford and bogs and c and Russell and chief justice
bogs and c and Russell and chief justice Warren as chairman there's one public
Warren as chairman there's one public governmental official in the United
governmental official in the United States universally respected for his
States universally respected for his Integrity it is the Chief Justice of the
Integrity it is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Earl Warren if there's one
Supreme Court Earl Warren if there's one person in Congress that everyone
person in Congress that everyone respects it's Richard Russell Georgia he
respects it's Richard Russell Georgia he has to get them both on the commission
has to get them both on the commission there is however a problem Russell is a
there is however a problem Russell is a segregationist through and through and
segregationist through and through and despises Warren for the decisions that
despises Warren for the decisions that he's made on the court Johnson thought
he's made on the court Johnson thought if they can agree on a verdict then
if they can agree on a verdict then ought to be satisfying 90% of American
ought to be satisfying 90% of American public opinion Senor wruss
public opinion Senor wruss 2191 I'm highly honored you think about
2191 I'm highly honored you think about me in connection with it but I I I
me in connection with it but I I I couldn't say there with b i I don't like
couldn't say there with b i I don't like that man you can serve with anybody for
that man you can serve with anybody for the good of America and you're going to
the good of America and you're going to do it I can't arrest you and I'm not
do it I can't arrest you and I'm not going to put the FBI on you but you're
going to put the FBI on you but you're goddamn sure going to serve I'll tell
goddamn sure going to serve I'll tell you that Linda Johnson was known as the
you that Linda Johnson was known as the greatest salesman one onone who ever
greatest salesman one onone who ever lived so he meets first with Warren and
lived so he meets first with Warren and he says if I asked you to put on your
he says if I asked you to put on your uniform and fight for America you do it
uniform and fight for America you do it I'm asking you to fight for America in a
I'm asking you to fight for America in a different way then Johnson has to get
different way then Johnson has to get Richard Russell Mr President please no
Richard Russell Mr President please no it's already done it's been announced H
it's already done it's been announced H you mean you yes sir I made the
you mean you yes sir I made the announcement it's already in the papers
announcement it's already in the papers and you on it well I think you did wrong
and you on it well I think you did wrong getting one and no damn well you got
getting one and no damn well you got wrong getting me but do the best can I
wrong getting me but do the best can I think that's what you do that's kind of
think that's what you do that's kind of American both of you are
produced by NBC News which is solely responsible for its content the Warren
responsible for its content the Warren Commission appointed Friday night will
Commission appointed Friday night will investigate and make a report on the
investigate and make a report on the murder as yet it has said nothing about
murder as yet it has said nothing about how it will proceed or when in the
how it will proceed or when in the meantime again the FBI is investigating
meantime again the FBI is investigating every lead it can find and will turn its
every lead it can find and will turn its report over to President Johnson
report over to President Johnson probably this
probably this week it was the FBI's hope that its
week it was the FBI's hope that its report would be uh if not the final word
report would be uh if not the final word the semifinal word and that the
the semifinal word and that the commission's job would be to read it and
commission's job would be to read it and then essentially endorse the findings of
then essentially endorse the findings of the report the members of the Warren
the report the members of the Warren Commission Earl Warren John Sherman
Commission Earl Warren John Sherman Cooper Jerry Ford
Cooper Jerry Ford aenos hail bogs Richard Russell and John
aenos hail bogs Richard Russell and John J McLoy realized at their initial
J McLoy realized at their initial meeting that they had to do an
meeting that they had to do an independent investigation they didn't
independent investigation they didn't want to be a stamp for the FBI or the
want to be a stamp for the FBI or the Secret
Secret Service there are three issues the
Service there are three issues the commission had to Grapple with you know
commission had to Grapple with you know did Oswalt commit the physical act of
did Oswalt commit the physical act of the murder and even if he did the
the murder and even if he did the physical act did he have forces behind
physical act did he have forces behind him and then of course what's Ruby's
him and then of course what's Ruby's involvement in
this you had various branches of the investigation traveling interviewing
2,195 ft per second be advised the visual as go today yeah they finally
visual as go today yeah they finally gave me a window to look out
gave me a window to look out [Music]
[Music] Apollo 11 this is Houston you are
Apollo 11 this is Houston you are confirmed go
confirmed go [Music]
[Music] for back here at our CBS News space
for back here at our CBS News space headquarters we're watching the
headquarters we're watching the countdown to the landing on the moon and
countdown to the landing on the moon and waiting for the uh the spacecraft to
waiting for the uh the spacecraft to come around on this side of the moon
come around on this side of the moon again so we can get confirmation that
again so we can get confirmation that all is still going
all is still going well 11 you got a pretty big audience
well 11 you got a pretty big audience it's live in the US it's going live to
it's live in the US it's going live to Japan Western Europe and much of South
Japan Western Europe and much of South America appreciate the great show they
America appreciate the great show they weren't just going on a pleasure Cruise
weren't just going on a pleasure Cruise here they had a lot of work to do they
here they had a lot of work to do they needed to be on the top of their game
needed to be on the top of their game working together as a crew and with the
working together as a crew and with the control center so they were probably in
control center so they were probably in the zone I would have been in the zone
the zone I would have been in the zone big
big time everything had been tried on the
time everything had been tried on the missions leading up to that point except
missions leading up to that point except the landing itself and there was a good
the landing itself and there was a good reason for that the landing was the most
reason for that the landing was the most complex part of the entire Apollo
complex part of the entire Apollo Mission it was essentially a controlled
Mission it was essentially a controlled fall Landing 300 ft we go same we go
fall Landing 300 ft we go same we go down two and a half Neil Armstrong took
down two and a half Neil Armstrong took over manually during The Descent because
over manually during The Descent because they were coming down in an area that
they were coming down in an area that was the planned area to land but there
was the planned area to land but there were Boulders and some other kind of
were Boulders and some other kind of stuff so he had to maneuver the lunar
stuff so he had to maneuver the lunar lander away from from where it was
lander away from from where it was headed to land
headed to land them which also caused everybody to
them which also caused everybody to start worrying because they had a finite
start worrying because they had a finite amount of fuel and so for him to do what
amount of fuel and so for him to do what he did caused everybody on the ground to
he did caused everybody on the ground to get really nervous forward dri to the
get really nervous forward dri to the right
right back Tranquility base here has landed
back Tranquility base here has landed Roger Tranquility we copy you on the
Roger Tranquility we copy you on the ground you got a bunch of guys about to
ground you got a bunch of guys about to turn
turn blue Armstrong is on the Moon Neil
blue Armstrong is on the Moon Neil Armstrong 38-year-old America
Armstrong 38-year-old America standing on the surface of the Moon on
standing on the surface of the Moon on this July 20th
this July 20th 1969 that's one small step for
man one
for it was a moment when it seemed like the whole country and even most of the
the whole country and even most of the world kind of stopped in their tracks
world kind of stopped in their tracks and just took all this in with a sense
and just took all this in with a sense of wonder and almost disbelief
of wonder and almost disbelief my God can this really be
happening that looks beautiful for different but it's very pretty out
for different but it's very pretty out here okay ready for me to come out all
here okay ready for me to come out all set okay I'm on the top step you've got
set okay I'm on the top step you've got three more steps and then a long one
three more steps and then a long one there you
there you go we'll read the plaque that's on the
go we'll read the plaque that's on the front landing gear of this lamb here men
front landing gear of this lamb here men from the planet Earth First set foot
from the planet Earth First set foot upon the moon July 196
upon the moon July 196 69 it came inde For All
Mankind the real Moment of Truth is next they still have to get off the surface
they still have to get off the surface of the Moon they push the button on the
of the Moon they push the button on the computer and then bang they see the moon
computer and then bang they see the moon receding from them and then some minutes
receding from them and then some minutes later they're back in lunar orbit and
later they're back in lunar orbit and they're on their way to rendevu with my
they're on their way to rendevu with my colls although the entire world could
colls although the entire world could watch the Apollo 11 astronauts take
watch the Apollo 11 astronauts take Man's first steps on the moon the
Man's first steps on the moon the pre-dawn darkness of the mid-pacific
pre-dawn darkness of the mid-pacific obscured their return to Earth so it was
obscured their return to Earth so it was already daylight when the carrier Hornet
already daylight when the carrier Hornet approached and found Colombia in the
approached and found Colombia in the ocean
ocean swells buzz and might I want you to know
swells buzz and might I want you to know that I think I'm the luckiest man in the
that I think I'm the luckiest man in the world because I have the privilege of uh
world because I have the privilege of uh speaking for so many and welcoming you
speaking for so many and welcoming you back to Earth
back to Earth [Music]
it was such a huge event in our country's history I grew up in New York
country's history I grew up in New York this was big in than the Met win in the
this was big in than the Met win in the World Series in ' 69 I remember as a
World Series in ' 69 I remember as a little boy looking up to them thinking
little boy looking up to them thinking that these guys are even cool in him you
that these guys are even cool in him you know the Beatles you know these guys
know the Beatles you know these guys were the epitome of
were the epitome of [Music]
[Music] cool there was is another one of these
cool there was is another one of these suckers scheduled for November so the
suckers scheduled for November so the people who did it were so busy getting
people who did it were so busy getting ready for the next one they didn't have
ready for the next one they didn't have time to celebrate the first
one hon yaneer with to has arrived time we didn't actually spend much time
we didn't actually spend much time asking ourselves about the greater
asking ourselves about the greater meaning of this we weren't aware of what
meaning of this we weren't aware of what was going on around the world in terms
was going on around the world in terms of the reaction of people we just
of the reaction of people we just pressed right on think I see my crater
pressed right on think I see my crater wa there it is there it is son of a gun
wa there it is there it is son of a gun right down the middle of the road
right down the middle of the road outstanding
outstanding 42° it wasn't until afterwards that we
42° it wasn't until afterwards that we began to realize the depth of the
began to realize the depth of the significance of it until Apollo 11 the
significance of it until Apollo 11 the moon was UN attainable mystery but after
moon was UN attainable mystery but after Apollo 11 the Moon is mysterious no
Apollo 11 the Moon is mysterious no longer all of Human Experience will be
longer all of Human Experience will be divided into two eras before man walked
divided into two eras before man walked on the moon and after man walked on the
on the moon and after man walked on the moon the whole world was together at
moon the whole world was together at that particular moment it was an example
that particular moment it was an example that in spite of all that's going on
that in spite of all that's going on down here in spite of all that we're
down here in spite of all that we're going through there's
going through there's hope my generation is the generation
hope my generation is the generation that changed the Moon from an object to
that changed the Moon from an object to a place and that will never happen again
a place and that will never happen again there can only be one first time the
there can only be one first time the Space Program in the 1960s it set the
Space Program in the 1960s it set the standard of what we could do I mean even
standard of what we could do I mean even say today we can land a man on the moon
say today we can land a man on the moon but we can't do this you know when we
but we can't do this you know when we think of it within the the Space Program
think of it within the the Space Program we're like go to Mars yeah we could go
we're like go to Mars yeah we could go to Mars we went to the moon in 1969 we
to Mars we went to the moon in 1969 we can do anything to all those Americans
can do anything to all those Americans who built those spacecrafts and put
who built those spacecrafts and put their hearts and all their abilities
their hearts and all their abilities into those crafts to those people
into those crafts to those people tonight we give a special thank you and
tonight we give a special thank you and to all the other people that are
to all the other people that are listening and watching tonight God bless
listening and watching tonight God bless you good night from
you good night from apoll Thursday on the 60s Martin the
apoll Thursday on the 60s Martin the King was shot and was killed
King was shot and was killed tonight 1968 was one damn thing after
tonight 1968 was one damn thing after another more troops are being killed
another more troops are being killed every week people were afraid we have
every week people were afraid we have that and understanding for our fellow CI
that and understanding for our fellow CI have America I picked up the phone just
have America I picked up the phone just colleague said something's happened to
colleague said something's happened to the senator something happen 60s
the senator something happen 60s Thursday night at 9: on CNN
Thursday night at 9: on CNN [Music]
the enemy of Freedom has chosen to make this year the decisive one something's
this year the decisive one something's going to happen the change is on the way
going to happen the change is on the way we can change America we can change the
we can change America we can change the world what we need now is a
world what we need now is a Reconciliation in this land there's not
Reconciliation in this land there's not anything wrong with you that a good
anything wrong with you that a good haircut wouldn't C and rest assured we
haircut wouldn't C and rest assured we Democrats will Stir It Up out here this
Democrats will Stir It Up out here this election year of 1968 has touched the
election year of 1968 has touched the emotion assaulted logic as never before
emotion assaulted logic as never before I think we're having a little too much
I think we're having a little too much violence in this country we go up
violence in this country we go up together or we go down together if we
together or we go down together if we have that love and understanding for our
have that love and understanding for our fellow citizens we will have a new
fellow citizens we will have a new America and I need your help
America and I need your help [Music]
[Applause] [Music]
[Music] [Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
[Music] if you look at the whole year as
if you look at the whole year as theater as real acts of
theater as real acts of tragedy there's an almost poetic feeling
tragedy there's an almost poetic feeling to
to it 1968 was one godamn thing after
another hardly a day goes by without a new report of another demonstration or
new report of another demonstration or protest against the Vietnam
protest against the Vietnam [Applause]
[Applause] War there is is in the
War there is is in the land a certain
land a certain restlessness Lon Johnson whatever else
restlessness Lon Johnson whatever else one thinks of him his reputation will
one thinks of him his reputation will always have the stone of Vietnam around
always have the stone of Vietnam around it we're living in the middle of a beast
it we're living in the middle of a beast l Johnson is a common murderer Johnson
l Johnson is a common murderer Johnson did things that no other president did
did things that no other president did Civil Rights Great Society he should
Civil Rights Great Society he should have been somebody that every young
have been somebody that every young person and every liberal would have
person and every liberal would have celebrated but they didn't
celebrated but they didn't he became the Vietnam War President
he became the Vietnam War President we've been told repeatedly that we're
we've been told repeatedly that we're succeeding we're we're defeating them
succeeding we're we're defeating them they can't hold out Johnson kept saying
they can't hold out Johnson kept saying there's light at the end of the tunnel
there's light at the end of the tunnel this is a CBS News special report saon
this is a CBS News special report saon Under Fire the enemy in Vietnam has
Under Fire the enemy in Vietnam has demolished the myth that allied military
demolished the myth that allied military strength controls that
country the American Embassy is under siege inside are the Viet Kong Terror
siege inside are the Viet Kong Terror squads that charged in during the
squads that charged in during the night the Ted offensive was an enormous
night the Ted offensive was an enormous game Cher they were shooting up the
game Cher they were shooting up the American Embassy they had hit dozens of
American Embassy they had hit dozens of cities all over Vietnam it was a
cities all over Vietnam it was a tremendous shock already closer we have
tremendous shock already closer we have known for several months now that the
known for several months now that the Communist planned a massive Wonder
Communist planned a massive Wonder spring offensive we do not think that
spring offensive we do not think that our military operations are going to be
our military operations are going to be at all M materially affective he was
at all M materially affective he was unable to be honest with the American
unable to be honest with the American people because of course he was
people because of course he was unwilling to Simply say this is an
unwilling to Simply say this is an unwinable War KRON Kai's Vietnam report
unwinable War KRON Kai's Vietnam report real one take
real one take four these ruins are in Saigon capital
four these ruins are in Saigon capital and largest city of South Vietnam when
and largest city of South Vietnam when he went to Vietnam during Ted it was the
he went to Vietnam during Ted it was the first time and maybe the only time that
first time and maybe the only time that Walter had shown any kind of bias in his
Walter had shown any kind of bias in his public broadcast it is increasingly
public broadcast it is increasingly clear to this report that the only
clear to this report that the only rational way out will be to negotiate
rational way out will be to negotiate not as Victors but as an honorable
not as Victors but as an honorable people who lived up to their pledge to
people who lived up to their pledge to defend democracy and did the best they
defend democracy and did the best they could after Walter kronite Johnson's
could after Walter kronite Johnson's popularity sinks to most ordinary
popularity sinks to most ordinary citizens it has become obvious the war
citizens it has become obvious the war is not being won opposition to the war
is not being won opposition to the war was Rising it wasn't just beatniks and
was Rising it wasn't just beatniks and young kids we are fighting a
young kids we are fighting a war and I'm convinced that it is one of
war and I'm convinced that it is one of the most unjust Wars that has ever been
the most unjust Wars that has ever been fought in the history of the world
fought in the history of the world Martin Luther King came out against the
Martin Luther King came out against the Vietnam War his own followers said you
Vietnam War his own followers said you shouldn't be focusing on that you should
shouldn't be focusing on that you should be focusing on our issue and he said
be focusing on our issue and he said they're intertwined you can't separate
they're intertwined you can't separate them president k said on one
them president k said on one occasion mankind must put an end to
occasion mankind must put an end to war a
war a war will put an end to
war will put an end to mankind do you honestly think that if
mankind do you honestly think that if there was an election a vote for and
there was an election a vote for and against the war that the anti-war people
against the war that the anti-war people would win
would win out well it's really hard to tell now
out well it's really hard to tell now the polls are uncertain but the polls do
the polls are uncertain but the polls do say that most of the country is
say that most of the country is discontent with the manner of the war is
discontent with the manner of the war is taken I think something ought to be done
how are you when some of the anti-war activists were looking for somebody to
activists were looking for somebody to run for president and a number of people
run for president and a number of people turned them down including Robert
turned them down including Robert Kennedy there are increasing reports out
Kennedy there are increasing reports out of Washington that your advisers are not
of Washington that your advisers are not telling you that you should run against
telling you that you should run against President Johnson this year I have no
President Johnson this year I have no plans I have no uh plans to change the
plans I have no uh plans to change the statement that I've already made
statement that I've already made according
according toor the Assumption among the Kennedy
toor the Assumption among the Kennedy Intimates was that LBJ was totally
Intimates was that LBJ was totally unbeatable in 1968 and Bobby would run
unbeatable in 1968 and Bobby would run in
in 1972 the anti-war movement needed a
1972 the anti-war movement needed a leader and it f to Jan McCarthy do
leader and it f to Jan McCarthy do meeting you nice to meet you very
meeting you nice to meet you very nice Senator President Johnson supporter
nice Senator President Johnson supporter say you don't have a chance here in New
say you don't have a chance here in New Hampshire and you'll be lucky if you get
Hampshire and you'll be lucky if you get 10% of the vote what do you say about
10% of the vote what do you say about that well I don't know uh uh people who
that well I don't know uh uh people who are supporting me say we'll do much
are supporting me say we'll do much better than that one Democrat Senator
better than that one Democrat Senator Eugene McCarthy defied president to bid
Eugene McCarthy defied president to bid for his party's nomination his platform
for his party's nomination his platform peace Eugene McCarthy does something
peace Eugene McCarthy does something that you know is taboo he comes out
that you know is taboo he comes out against the sitting president from the
against the sitting president from the same party McCarthy came in from left
same party McCarthy came in from left field he was not thought of in the front
field he was not thought of in the front rank of presidential
rank of presidential contenders but there was a great deal of
contenders but there was a great deal of frustration and even despair among the
frustration and even despair among the young Eugene McCarthy gave them hope
young Eugene McCarthy gave them hope volunteers for Senator McCarthy
volunteers for Senator McCarthy reminding everybody to vote in primary
reminding everybody to vote in primary from NBC News election Central in
from NBC News election Central in Manchester New Hampshire this is the
Manchester New Hampshire this is the news
news if McCarthy gets as much as 30% of the
if McCarthy gets as much as 30% of the vote or more against an incumbent
vote or more against an incumbent president he can legitimately claim an
president he can legitimately claim an important
important [Music]
[Music] Victory mcarthy didn't win the New
Victory mcarthy didn't win the New Hampshire primary but he took enough
Hampshire primary but he took enough votes that it scared
votes that it scared Lyon they got 42% of the vote but
Lyon they got 42% of the vote but McCarthy was a nothing an upstart if
McCarthy was a nothing an upstart if McCarthy could draw blood John was
McCarthy could draw blood John was vulnerable we said 68 was the year I
vulnerable we said 68 was the year I think that March the 12th was the
day how does this strike you you're not disappointed that he didn't actually win
disappointed that he didn't actually win no oh he did win though this is exactly
no oh he did win though this is exactly what he wanted he said he shouldn't have
what he wanted he said he shouldn't have descent that that breaks down our system
descent that that breaks down our system you should work through the Democratic
you should work through the Democratic process to get what you want you can
process to get what you want you can hope and I mean you've got to base it on
hope and I mean you've got to base it on a dream and this is coming true what
a dream and this is coming true what ever happened to Robert
ever happened to Robert Kennedy uh I think
Kennedy uh I think [Music]
[Music] perhaps the most important result out of
perhaps the most important result out of all this from McCarthy's Viewpoint is
all this from McCarthy's Viewpoint is that he will from now on be treated as a
that he will from now on be treated as a serious presidential
serious presidential candidate all of a sudden after New
candidate all of a sudden after New Hampshire there's a new political
Hampshire there's a new political reality and Bobby very rapidly starts
reality and Bobby very rapidly starts recalculating would you welcome his
recalculating would you welcome his entrance well I it's a little crowded
entrance well I it's a little crowded now
but this CNN original series the 60s is brought to you by CC
careers.com the issue of 68 the issue of 1968 is not the Johnson personality but
1968 is not the Johnson personality but the Johnson policies and I happen to
the Johnson policies and I happen to believe that this country can't afford
believe that this country can't afford four more years of Lyndon Johnson that
four more years of Lyndon Johnson that is the issue
is the issue 19 for 16 years now in the shadow play
19 for 16 years now in the shadow play of American politics there has always
of American politics there has always been a Richard Nixon he's not coming
been a Richard Nixon he's not coming back he never left most political
back he never left most political observers thought Nixon was finished
observers thought Nixon was finished he'd been counted out so many times so
he'd been counted out so many times so Nixon wanted to show the leaders of the
Nixon wanted to show the leaders of the Republican Party he was a winner we'll
Republican Party he was a winner we'll inaugurate a Republican president next
inaugurate a Republican president next January thank you media consultants
January thank you media consultants worked with him so he wouldn't be the
worked with him so he wouldn't be the sweaty Nixon of 1960 I'm I'm really the
sweaty Nixon of 1960 I'm I'm really the most difficult man in the world when it
most difficult man in the world when it comes to a so-called public relations
comes to a so-called public relations firm nobody's going to package me uh
firm nobody's going to package me uh nobody's going to make me put on an act
nobody's going to make me put on an act for television if people looking at me
for television if people looking at me say that's a new Nixon then all that I
say that's a new Nixon then all that I can say is well maybe you didn't know
can say is well maybe you didn't know the old Nixon I wrote a diary of being
the old Nixon I wrote a diary of being on the Nixon campaign plane and I came
on the Nixon campaign plane and I came out just saying what does he believe in
out just saying what does he believe in what does he care about how can we trust
what does he care about how can we trust him I realized that the person I felt
him I realized that the person I felt most related to was Robert
Kennedy I have traveled and I have listened to the young people of our
listened to the young people of our nation and felt their anger about the
nation and felt their anger about the war that they are sent to fight about
war that they are sent to fight about the world that they are about to
the world that they are about to inherit I am announcing today my
inherit I am announcing today my candidacy for the presidency of the
candidacy for the presidency of the United
United States Eugene McCarthy clears the way
States Eugene McCarthy clears the way and tests the water but he wasn't the
and tests the water but he wasn't the guy who was going to get there Bobby was
guy who was going to get there Bobby was going to get there this nation must
going to get there this nation must adopt a foreign policy which which says
adopt a foreign policy which which says clearly and distinctly no more
vietnams you have the Declaration of another rival candidate from within his
another rival candidate from within his own party currents of anti-war sentiment
own party currents of anti-war sentiment are building up and at the same time the
are building up and at the same time the war is getting worse I think if you're
war is getting worse I think if you're Lynden Johnson you feel you're being
Lynden Johnson you feel you're being surrounded by a stampede good evening my
surrounded by a stampede good evening my fellow
fellow Americans tonight I want to speak to
Americans tonight I want to speak to you of Peace in Vietnam and Southeast
you of Peace in Vietnam and Southeast East Asia this is the moment for LBJ
East Asia this is the moment for LBJ where the pressures of Vietnam are
where the pressures of Vietnam are becoming almost overwhelming it is true
becoming almost overwhelming it is true that A house divided against itself is a
that A house divided against itself is a house that cannot stand
house that cannot stand accordingly I shall not
accordingly I shall not see and I will not
see and I will not accept the nomination of my party for
accept the nomination of my party for another term as your president
another term as your president you have just heard the president of the
you have just heard the president of the United States Lyndon Baines Johnson in
United States Lyndon Baines Johnson in an address from his office at the White
an address from his office at the White House the advanced text of his address
House the advanced text of his address did not contain those last remarks
did not contain those last remarks saying and I quote from President
saying and I quote from President Johnson I shall not seek and will not
Johnson I shall not seek and will not accept the nomination of my party for
accept the nomination of my party for the presidency Roger no question about
the presidency Roger no question about it this was a bombshell
it this was a bombshell politically well I you you really don't
politically well I you you really don't know where to begin
know where to begin uh our guess today on Meet the Press is
uh our guess today on Meet the Press is the vice president Hubert H Humphrey who
the vice president Hubert H Humphrey who yesterday announced his candidacy for
yesterday announced his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination
the Democratic presidential nomination Huber Humphrey was lbj's vice president
Huber Humphrey was lbj's vice president and now he's running for President
and now he's running for President Humphrey has doubts about Vietnam but
Humphrey has doubts about Vietnam but has been a good soldier he stood by
has been a good soldier he stood by Johnson your president made the Supreme
Johnson your president made the Supreme political sacrifice to promote this
political sacrifice to promote this cause of
cause of Peace he was one of the casualties of
Peace he was one of the casualties of this
this War I don't think there was ever an
War I don't think there was ever an overwhelming enthusiasm for for Hubert
overwhelming enthusiasm for for Hubert the drama of McCarthy and Kennedy had
the drama of McCarthy and Kennedy had captured everyone's attention is the key
captured everyone's attention is the key Vietnam yes in a large way in a large
Vietnam yes in a large way in a large measure not totally but uh uh there's a
measure not totally but uh uh there's a certain degree of General protest
certain degree of General protest amongst youth which I think is unbalance
amongst youth which I think is unbalance a healthy thing
of frustration on the part of of students that the war was not drawing to
students that the war was not drawing to a close despite our our demonstrations
a close despite our our demonstrations so students began to become more
so students began to become more militant at Columbia University students
militant at Columbia University students barricade themselves into University
barricade themselves into University buildings their leader is a 20-year-old
buildings their leader is a 20-year-old ex-boy Scout Mark R I would say that
ex-boy Scout Mark R I would say that that we now have more support than any
that we now have more support than any group has on about any political issue
group has on about any political issue has ever held on any
has ever held on any at any time Colombia became the symbol
at any time Colombia became the symbol of students in
of students in Revolt activist like Tom Hayden went to
Revolt activist like Tom Hayden went to Colombia and said let's have more
Colombia and said let's have more colombias there's nothing like feeling
colombias there's nothing like feeling that you're fighting the power or
that you're fighting the power or somebody's listening to you at least to
somebody's listening to you at least to draw more people in we started Shou the
draw more people in we started Shou the phrase and it's a phrase has been used
phrase and it's a phrase has been used in other words and by actions of people
in other words and by actions of people all around the world when they face
all around the world when they face TRS and that phrase is up forget the
wall we had an idea that this was the beginning of something very important we
beginning of something very important we took it as the beginning of Revolution
took it as the beginning of Revolution what's happening to America conversation
what's happening to America conversation three tonight our young people what's
three tonight our young people what's bothering them is there really a
bothering them is there really a generation gap generation gap is a way
generation gap generation gap is a way that whites in this country and the
that whites in this country and the structure in this country the system in
structure in this country the system in this country rationalizes its lack of
this country rationalizes its lack of responsibility in teaching this
responsibility in teaching this generation how to solve the problems
generation how to solve the problems which we are faced with 1968 was the
which we are faced with 1968 was the year that you could point to and say
year that you could point to and say here is where the separation began
here is where the separation began between past generations and generations
between past generations and generations going
going forward I think all of us have a role to
forward I think all of us have a role to play and I think all of us have a great
play and I think all of us have a great stake in the future you more than
stake in the future you more than anybody else as President Kennedy once
anybody else as President Kennedy once said you have the least ties to the past
said you have the least ties to the past and the greatest stake in the future you
and the greatest stake in the future you always find idealism in Youth and I
always find idealism in Youth and I think that's something my father and my
think that's something my father and my uncle recognized and why they always
uncle recognized and why they always visited the
visited the universities I remember my father
universities I remember my father talking about how the founders of the
talking about how the founders of the American Revolution you know they were
American Revolution you know they were young
young people well you fellas don't even vote
people well you fellas don't even vote over here you're not even old my son you
over here you're not even old my son you don't even
don't even vote come up here and I'll autograph
vote come up here and I'll autograph your sandals for you that'll make you
your sandals for you that'll make you feel
feel better there was a third party candidate
better there was a third party candidate in this election George Wallace but
in this election George Wallace but Wallace was not affected by the Vietnam
Wallace was not affected by the Vietnam issue he was going to have a certain
issue he was going to have a certain amount of support in the South come with
amount of support in the South come with may there's not a dime worth a
may there's not a dime worth a difference in either one of the two
difference in either one of the two parties and if they don't give the
parties and if they don't give the people a choice we're going to give them
people a choice we're going to give them a choice by having a new party there was
a choice by having a new party there was just a plain ordinary anti-government
just a plain ordinary anti-government streak in him it was his act you
streak in him it was his act you bastards in Washington not going to tell
bastards in Washington not going to tell me what to do and you Anarchist better
me what to do and you Anarchist better have your day now because I tell you
have your day now because I tell you again you're through after November 5th
again you're through after November 5th in this
in this [Music]
country I have [Music]
[Music] already ladies and gentlemen
could you lower those signs please I have some very sad news for all
please I have some very sad news for all of you and I think uh sad news for all
of you and I think uh sad news for all of our fellow
of our fellow citizens and people who love peace all
citizens and people who love peace all over the
over the world and that is that Martin Luther
world and that is that Martin Luther King was shot and was killed tonight in
[Music] Memphis when King was killed Bobby was
Memphis when King was killed Bobby was on his way to a campaign stop in
on his way to a campaign stop in Indianapolis into the going into the
Indianapolis into the going into the ghetto and the cops said don't go they
ghetto and the cops said don't go they were fearful of a riot Bobby went
were fearful of a riot Bobby went anyways for those of you who are
anyways for those of you who are black and are attempted to fill with be
black and are attempted to fill with be filled with hatred and
filled with hatred and mistrust of the Injustice of such an
mistrust of the Injustice of such an act I would only say that I can also
act I would only say that I can also steal in my own heart the same kind of
steal in my own heart the same kind of feeling I had a member of my family
feeling I had a member of my family killed but he was killed by a white man
killed but he was killed by a white man he gives this spontaneous speech to an
he gives this spontaneous speech to an absolutely devastated crowd this wasn't
absolutely devastated crowd this wasn't just politics he made it personal let us
just politics he made it personal let us say a prayer for our country and for our
say a prayer for our country and for our people thank you very
much this country and every person in it suffered a terrible loss tonight with
suffered a terrible loss tonight with the assassination of this
the assassination of this man the perpetrator of this deed brings
man the perpetrator of this deed brings down upon all of us the painful charge
down upon all of us the painful charge that we Americans are prisoners of
that we Americans are prisoners of violence and destruction and death that
violence and destruction and death that is the tragedy of it restraint
is the tragedy of it restraint gentleness charity virtues we so
gentleness charity virtues we so desperately need have had a dark
desperately need have had a dark day King was the only rational voice
day King was the only rational voice that was left in America he stood
that was left in America he stood against the war in Vietnam he stood
against the war in Vietnam he stood against violence period so when you
against violence period so when you killed him you killed Everything You
killed him you killed Everything You Killed the only rational voice that's
Killed the only rational voice that's left it became absolutely clear you
left it became absolutely clear you don't want Dr King You've assassinated
don't want Dr King You've assassinated nonviolent direct action you tried to
nonviolent direct action you tried to kill the dream okay here's a taste of
kill the dream okay here's a taste of The
The [Music]
[Music] Nightmare the outrage could not be
Nightmare the outrage could not be contained fires burn the cities of
contained fires burn the cities of America Washington Chicago Detroit
America Washington Chicago Detroit Boston New York these are just a few of
Boston New York these are just a few of the cities in which the Negro anguish
the cities in which the Negro anguish over Dr King's murder expressed itself
over Dr King's murder expressed itself in violent destruction I remember coming
in violent destruction I remember coming back to Washington 2 or 3 days after
back to Washington 2 or 3 days after King had been killed you're thinking
King had been killed you're thinking what am I seeing here this is the United
what am I seeing here this is the United States of America and there are there
States of America and there are there are machine guns on the steps of the
are machine guns on the steps of the capital 100 cities Rage with Riot 20,000
capital 100 cities Rage with Riot 20,000 are arrested people were in open Revolt
are arrested people were in open Revolt Sirens wailing people
Sirens wailing people screaming and it it it shook everyone
screaming and it it it shook everyone black and white to the core nothing
black and white to the core nothing could be more desecrating to the memory
could be more desecrating to the memory of Martin Luther King than to use his
of Martin Luther King than to use his death as an excuse to engage in in
death as an excuse to engage in in violence there was a faith and spirit
violence there was a faith and spirit vacuum and when you find people who have
vacuum and when you find people who have lost that
lost that hope fear tends to fill that vacuum
hope fear tends to fill that vacuum peace people were increasingly afraid
peace people were increasingly afraid and Mr Law and Order stepped up on the
and Mr Law and Order stepped up on the Republican side this is a nation of laws
Republican side this is a nation of laws no one is above the law no one is below
no one is above the law no one is below the law and we're going to enforce the
the law and we're going to enforce the law and Americans should remember that
law and Americans should remember that if we're going to
if we're going to [Music]
[Music] [Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
[Music] haveing those divisions that exist
haveing those divisions that exist between black and white
between black and white I want us to work together and I run on
I want us to work together and I run on that basis for president of the United
that basis for president of the United States my father's appeal was to really
States my father's appeal was to really the most disenfranchised classes he felt
the most disenfranchised classes he felt like nobody else was speaking for them
like nobody else was speaking for them and that's where his base was rather
and that's where his base was rather than with the with the Liberals the
than with the with the Liberals the Liberals were for McCarthy I want to
Liberals were for McCarthy I want to reassure you that I'm not yielding to
reassure you that I'm not yielding to anybody along the way either the vice
anybody along the way either the vice president or Senator
president or Senator Kennedy Indiana Bobby winds Nebraska
Kennedy Indiana Bobby winds Nebraska Bobby winds and then on May 28th Oregon
Bobby winds and then on May 28th Oregon McCarthy's crowds in recent days have
McCarthy's crowds in recent days have been good larger than Kennedy's in many
been good larger than Kennedy's in many places although without the frenzy that
places although without the frenzy that accompanies a Kennedy appearance I can't
accompanies a Kennedy appearance I can't afford to lose if I'm going to remain uh
afford to lose if I'm going to remain uh a very active and viable candidate who
a very active and viable candidate who would very adversely affect me in a very
would very adversely affect me in a very serious way the actual final figures yet
serious way the actual final figures yet to come in but apparently Senator
to come in but apparently Senator McCarthy has won a major victory in
McCarthy has won a major victory in Oregon Senator Kennedy has suffered a
Oregon Senator Kennedy has suffered a severe setback they move on now to
severe setback they move on now to California and the primary there a week
California and the primary there a week from tonight and this result tonight
from tonight and this result tonight does not prove of course that Kennedy is
does not prove of course that Kennedy is politically dead this year it does prove
politically dead this year it does prove that he is politically mortal it
that he is politically mortal it establishes that he is Robert Kennedy
establishes that he is Robert Kennedy after all not John F Kennedy I think
after all not John F Kennedy I think what will happen now is that McCarthy
what will happen now is that McCarthy gets a new life he's still a long shot
gets a new life he's still a long shot but he has a chance now I think that
but he has a chance now I think that however you don't uh write off Robert
however you don't uh write off Robert Kennedy
Kennedy uh because he can come off the flooor
uh because he can come off the flooor and win big in California that's what he
and win big in California that's what he has to do but if he doesn't win big in
has to do but if he doesn't win big in California he's
headed Bobby Kennedy having lost Oregon knew that he had to win California and
knew that he had to win California and that would be his ticket to the
that would be his ticket to the convention it will take a very big win a
convention it will take a very big win a spectacular win in California to a badly
spectacular win in California to a badly shattered Bobby's going to do it you
shattered Bobby's going to do it you know this is just the way everybody felt
know this is just the way everybody felt final total will be Kennedy 48% Senator
final total will be Kennedy 48% Senator McCarthy 41
[Music] that is Robert
Ken all of us are involved in this great effort and it's a great effort not on
effort and it's a great effort not on behalf of the democratic party it's a
behalf of the democratic party it's a great effort on behalf of the United
great effort on behalf of the United States on behalf of our own people on
States on behalf of our own people on behalf of mankind all around the globe
behalf of mankind all around the globe and the Next
[Applause] Generation my thanks to all of you and
Generation my thanks to all of you and now it's on to Chicago going let wi
now it's on to Chicago going let wi [Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
[Music] there I was upstairs in the Ambassador
there I was upstairs in the Ambassador Hotel we were getting ready for a
Hotel we were getting ready for a victory party and somebody called I
victory party and somebody called I picked up the phone in the S and this
picked up the phone in the S and this colleague said something's happened to
colleague said something's happened to The
Senator Senator has senator has been shot is that
has senator has been shot is that possible is that
possible is that possible it was bedum I couldn't find
possible it was bedum I couldn't find Kennedy finally found him he was
Kennedy finally found him he was lying on the
floor somebody shot him in this corer behind the kitchens going to the
behind the kitchens going to the kitchens
kitchens here everybody please stay back please
here everybody please stay back please stay back we need a doctor here please
stay back we need a doctor here please it's very important we need a
it's very important we need a will you please clear this room if you
will you please clear this room if you do not leave the room we cannot get
do not leave the room we cannot get Medical Aid to the senator now would
Medical Aid to the senator now would [Music]
[Music] [Applause]
[Music] youe I can't say that people thought how
youe I can't say that people thought how could this happen because we'd seen it
could this happen because we'd seen it happen truth is that this had been in
happen truth is that this had been in the back of everybody's mind and one of
the back of everybody's mind and one of the reasons why you know some people
the reasons why you know some people said don't do this don't
said don't do this don't [Music]
run Robert Kennedy is in the most grave condition and hope is difficult to find
condition and hope is difficult to find [Music]
[Music] Senator Robert Francis
Senator Robert Francis Kennedy died at
Kennedy died at 1:44 a.m.
1:44 a.m. today June
today June 6
6 1968 he was uh 42 years old
[Music] as you all know the no words can really
as you all know the no words can really fully convey the feeling that one must
fully convey the feeling that one must have for the nation in the face of this
have for the nation in the face of this tragedy this new
tragedy people say well it was inevitable his brother was murdered and
inevitable his brother was murdered and so was he nothing's inevitable it just
happened this plane will take back the body of Robert Francis Kennedy to New
body of Robert Francis Kennedy to New York
York also on board this plan today will be
also on board this plan today will be Mrs John F
Mrs John F Kennedy also on board will be another
Kennedy also on board will be another Widow Mrs Martin Luther King Jr somehow
Widow Mrs Martin Luther King Jr somehow and in some
and in some way we seem to be sending a great many
way we seem to be sending a great many of our young leaders to their early
grades it's been a very emotional period for all of us who have worked for the
for all of us who have worked for the senator and personally the most horrify
senator and personally the most horrify in thing in these last few
in thing in these last few days was this morning when I tacked this
days was this morning when I tacked this black ribbon onto my campaign
black ribbon onto my campaign button because now I'm lost I'm
desperate and I don't know where we're going from
here when Senator Kennedy went down he was trying to speak for those Americans
was trying to speak for those Americans including the Young Who feel a need to
including the Young Who feel a need to change many aspects of American Life
change many aspects of American Life well that cause has not been still
well that cause has not been still forever because even without him the
forever because even without him the changes will be made because they have
changes will be made because they have to be but nobody knows when nor how nor
to be but nobody knows when nor how nor whether the changes will be made
whether the changes will be made peacefully or violently in the meantime
peacefully or violently in the meantime this country has lost another leader uh
this country has lost another leader uh as far as I'm concerned has lost the the
as far as I'm concerned has lost the the only leader that I feel gives us any
only leader that I feel gives us any hope for the future I mean what happens
hope for the future I mean what happens to the country I mean you be you wonder
to the country I mean you be you wonder if it's worth saving you know what what
if it's worth saving you know what what is it what's left of this country I know
is it what's left of this country I know my own feelings were and I think they
my own feelings were and I think they were widely
were widely shared we have to question
shared we have to question ourselves is our country coming
ourselves is our country coming apart uh what are we
apart uh what are we [Music]
becoming of War CR kide in Miami Beach at this first session of the Republican
at this first session of the Republican National
Convention Richard Nixon was the leader but he walked into to the Republican
but he walked into to the Republican convention not positive that he would be
convention not positive that he would be the candidate the new fashioned Nixon
the candidate the new fashioned Nixon runs an oldfashioned campaign and that's
runs an oldfashioned campaign and that's what the country seems to want there
what the country seems to want there were Challengers there was Nelson
were Challengers there was Nelson rockfeller in New York for starters and
rockfeller in New York for starters and George Romy of Michigan there was some
George Romy of Michigan there was some talk of
talk of Reagan but Nixon had a lock on the
Reagan but Nixon had a lock on the delegates we are a nation in
delegates we are a nation in crisis right now change rules America
crisis right now change rules America it's time for America to rule
it's time for America to rule [Applause]
[Applause] change it is my privilege to place in
change it is my privilege to place in nomination the man for 196
nomination the man for 196 68 The Honorable Richard M
Nixon there are 30 votes in Wisconsin and this should put him across
Wisconsin and this should put him across [Music]
it looks like Nixon nobody is really surprised and no committed uh Republican
surprised and no committed uh Republican feels
feels cheated what was the fuss all
cheated what was the fuss all [Music]
[Music] about the Republicans understand that
about the Republicans understand that Nixon in this time of
Nixon in this time of tumultuousness he gives people the sense
tumultuousness he gives people the sense of continuity what is most important now
of continuity what is most important now is for us to think how we can get this
is for us to think how we can get this war ended Mr Nixon talks of an honorable
war ended Mr Nixon talks of an honorable pece but says nothing about how he would
pece but says nothing about how he would attain
attain it at this point the war is continuing
it at this point the war is continuing at as hot a pace as it's ever been more
at as hot a pace as it's ever been more troops are being killed every week than
troops are being killed every week than at any time in the course of the war
at any time in the course of the war this weekend the enemy stepped up
this weekend the enemy stepped up attacks throughout South Vietnam we knew
attacks throughout South Vietnam we knew that we would not be able to influence
that we would not be able to influence the Republicans on Vietnam so we wanted
the Republicans on Vietnam so we wanted to put Mass of pressure on the Democrats
to put Mass of pressure on the Democrats I didn't think anything could happen
I didn't think anything could happen with
with Vietnam without that
Vietnam without that [Applause]
[Applause] challenge this is a CBS News campaign 68
challenge this is a CBS News campaign 68 convention special what's going to
convention special what's going to happen in Chicago on this eve of the
happen in Chicago on this eve of the beginning of the 35th Democratic
beginning of the 35th Democratic National Convention Chicago is nearly
National Convention Chicago is nearly security tight perhaps the heaviest
security tight perhaps the heaviest security ever provided for a political
security ever provided for a political gathering in the Free
gathering in the Free World the police several thousand of
World the police several thousand of them are now deployed soldiers have
them are now deployed soldiers have arrived in Chicago and are standing by
arrived in Chicago and are standing by for the convention the plan was to have
for the convention the plan was to have a mass anti-war demonstration and a mass
a mass anti-war demonstration and a mass counterculture Festival we gathered in
counterculture Festival we gathered in the Parks we're going to March because
the Parks we're going to March because we have a right to because that's what
we have a right to because that's what we came here to Chicago to do and no
we came here to Chicago to do and no one's going to stop us thank
one's going to stop us thank you there were many factions they were
you there were many factions they were united only by a feeling that this is
united only by a feeling that this is Our Moment this is Carnegie
Hall we are uh concerned about the buildup of the force because we think
buildup of the force because we think that uh anything that's built up like
that uh anything that's built up like this is liable to be used a democratic
this is liable to be used a democratic convention is about to begin in a police
convention is about to begin in a police state there just doesn't seem to be any
state there just doesn't seem to be any other way to say
it the people of Chicago and its mer are proud to welcome a great political
proud to welcome a great political Gathering of
Gathering of Americans who come here to shape the
Americans who come here to shape the future of a nation and as long as I'm
future of a nation and as long as I'm mayor of this town there be Law and
mayor of this town there be Law and Order in
Order in [Music]
[Music] Chicago the two men who most still
Chicago the two men who most still believe this is all about arrived in
believe this is all about arrived in Chicago today to begin their final drive
Chicago today to begin their final drive for delegate votes most of us were
for delegate votes most of us were saying it just wasn't politically
saying it just wasn't politically possible for McCarthy to overcome those
possible for McCarthy to overcome those who were pledged to Humphrey so there
who were pledged to Humphrey so there clearly needed to be another Force
clearly needed to be another Force arriving now Senator George McGovern of
arriving now Senator George McGovern of South Dakota McGovern got into the race
South Dakota McGovern got into the race because there was a big hole in the
because there was a big hole in the anti-war side and you know Bobby Kennedy
anti-war side and you know Bobby Kennedy had a lot of delegates McCarthy said he
had a lot of delegates McCarthy said he didn't believe mcgoverin had enough
didn't believe mcgoverin had enough strength to make any difference and so
strength to make any difference and so McCarthy said he'll continue the fight
McCarthy said he'll continue the fight for the nomination although it was
for the nomination although it was clearly implied that his chances are are
clearly implied that his chances are are very
very [Music]
[Music] slim mayor da set up all the conditions
slim mayor da set up all the conditions for conflict in Chicago he didn't give
for conflict in Chicago he didn't give them permits to March but he knew that
them permits to March but he knew that they were coming
anyway over 10,000 demonstrators were gathered in Chicago's Grant Park the
gathered in Chicago's Grant Park the demonstrators are determined to march on
demonstrators are determined to march on convention hall tonight and protest
convention hall tonight and protest police are at the park in place you can
police are at the park in place you can count on it that the police and the
count on it that the police and the authorities will always unify
authorities will always unify what you can't unify by
yourself tumultuousness the violence that was happening outside the hall
that was happening outside the hall became reflected inside the hall there
became reflected inside the hall there seems to be some kind of uh battle going
seems to be some kind of uh battle going on over there directly under our booth
on over there directly under our booth here they're carrying a man out I got
here they're carrying a man out I got into a melee in the convention hall
into a melee in the convention hall myself don't push me take your hands off
myself don't push me take your hands off of me unless you're in plan to arrest me
of me unless you're in plan to arrest me wait a minute wait a minute a minute
wait a minute wait a minute a minute water as you can see I don't know what's
water as you can see I don't know what's going on I think we've got a bunch of
going on I think we've got a bunch of thugs here Dan well mind you w I'm all
thugs here Dan well mind you w I'm all right I it's uh it's all in days wor it
right I it's uh it's all in days wor it reflected for all the world to see the
reflected for all the world to see the repression inside the hall and what was
repression inside the hall and what was supposed to be a Democratic Society of
supposed to be a Democratic Society of Free People nominating someone to be
Free People nominating someone to be president
president [Music]
[Music] [Applause]
[Applause] downtown downtown Chicago across from
downtown downtown Chicago across from Grant Park beside the Hilton Hotel there
Grant Park beside the Hilton Hotel there has been in progress for some time a
has been in progress for some time a peace demonstration the police have come
peace demonstration the police have come to put it down the National Guard has
to put it down the National Guard has been called to help you create disorder
been called to help you create disorder if you try to impose too much order with
if you try to impose too much order with Force so that's what
Force so that's what happened they were suppressing our
happened they were suppressing our Democratic rights in order to continue
Democratic rights in order to continue an undemocratic
an undemocratic [Music]
[Music] War people
War people screaming being dragged to the Patty
screaming being dragged to the Patty wagons a scene of wild disorder on this
wagons a scene of wild disorder on this the night of the presidential
the night of the presidential nominations at this Democratic
nominations at this Democratic Convention it was a police Riot I had
Convention it was a police Riot I had never seen that before in my life I had
never seen that before in my life I had never seen groups of uniformed policemen
never seen groups of uniformed policemen going after civilians there were pools
going after civilians there were pools of blood on Michigan
Avenue the whole world is watching chance to Crow on
the with George McGovern is president of the United States we wouldn't have to
the United States we wouldn't have to have gapo tactics in the streets of
have gapo tactics in the streets of Chicago
Chicago [Applause]
did you see what was happening downtown uh yes I saw with this television set
uh yes I saw with this television set you think this is going to cost the
you think this is going to cost the Democrats the election this what's
Democrats the election this what's happening here in Chicago this even I
happening here in Chicago this even I don't think there's any question I think
don't think there's any question I think not only the party but the country is
not only the party but the country is split in half and I think they'll Veer
split in half and I think they'll Veer away from this disension thank you very
away from this disension thank you very much Shirley mlan and Roosevelt GRE
much Shirley mlan and Roosevelt GRE watching the television set in the back
watching the television set in the back of the hall about what's going on
of the hall about what's going on downtown it is my high honor to present
downtown it is my high honor to present the new leader of our party
the new leader of our party the next president of the United States
the next president of the United States The Honorable
The Honorable [Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
[Music] [Applause]
[Applause] human I proudly accept the nomination of
human I proudly accept the nomination of our
our party we got eubert
party we got eubert Humphrey as the candidate Humphrey was
Humphrey as the candidate Humphrey was an example of what we were fighting he
an example of what we were fighting he was a liberal who was going to
was a liberal who was going to betray our hopes I see an HHH on your
betray our hopes I see an HHH on your lapel that mean you're for Humphrey all
lapel that mean you're for Humphrey all the way well uh I wouldn't say all the
the way well uh I wouldn't say all the way uh I'm a Democrat and he's a
way uh I'm a Democrat and he's a nominee now it's true what George
nominee now it's true what George Wallace said if the first job at hand is
Wallace said if the first job at hand is to end this war there isn't a dime of
to end this war there isn't a dime of difference there between Humphrey and
difference there between Humphrey and Nixon Vice President Humphrey Remains by
Nixon Vice President Humphrey Remains by any basis of measurement available a
any basis of measurement available a complete underdog
complete underdog my feeling is that if he could cut
my feeling is that if he could cut himself off from the president be his
himself off from the president be his own man that he has a chance of winning
own man that he has a chance of winning this election and would make it very
this election and would make it very easy for all of us to support him
easy for all of us to support him Humphrey desperately needed to separate
Humphrey desperately needed to separate himself from the administration and he
himself from the administration and he did I think the greatest task of
did I think the greatest task of statesmanship is to find a way to
statesmanship is to find a way to conclude and bring that war in Southeast
conclude and bring that war in Southeast Asia to an end and to do it the public
Asia to an end and to do it the public was so happy that there was some
was so happy that there was some movement towards peace in Vietnam
movement towards peace in Vietnam Humphrey was back in the game and it was
Humphrey was back in the game and it was neck and neck from NBC News election
neck and neck from NBC News election Central Nixon's the one that's the
Central Nixon's the one that's the natural Banner for any spritely front
natural Banner for any spritely front page tonight 94% of the popular vote is
page tonight 94% of the popular vote is counted there are the numbers it was one
counted there are the numbers it was one of the closest elections in American
of the closest elections in American history closer even than when Nixon lost
history closer even than when Nixon lost to Kennedy 8 years
to Kennedy 8 years [Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
[Music] ago I have done my best
ago I have done my best I have lost Mr Nixon has
I have lost Mr Nixon has won the Democratic process has worked
won the Democratic process has worked its will George Wallace carried five
its will George Wallace carried five states Alabama Arkansas Georgia
states Alabama Arkansas Georgia Louisiana and Mississippi in our
Louisiana and Mississippi in our judgment the people who supported us uh
judgment the people who supported us uh had an impact on
had an impact on orienting uh the two parties in a
orienting uh the two parties in a different direction and I do wish for Mr
different direction and I do wish for Mr Nixon the most success of any president
Nixon the most success of any president in the history of our country
in the history of our country having lost a close one 8 years ago and
having lost a close one 8 years ago and having won a close one this year I can
having won a close one this year I can say this winning is a lot more
[Music] fun with Nixon's election even though
fun with Nixon's election even though many people felt a sense of
many people felt a sense of disappointment there was a sense that
disappointment there was a sense that there may be some normality on the
there may be some normality on the horizon people were exhausted so there
horizon people were exhausted so there was in part A sense of relief maybe
was in part A sense of relief maybe thank God it's
over I plan to spend Christmas in the States but I can't stand
violence 1968 certainly has been one of the unhappiest years in American history
the unhappiest years in American history in the end it always comes down to what
in the end it always comes down to what the people do and this year the people
the people do and this year the people like the events of 19 68 are largely
like the events of 19 68 are largely unpredictable our country was put to
unpredictable our country was put to some enormous tests in
some enormous tests in 1968 there was a Bend but there wasn't a
1968 there was a Bend but there wasn't a [Music]
[Music] break the issues that were thrown open
break the issues that were thrown open in 1968 who has Authority who deserves
in 1968 who has Authority who deserves Authority what the limits of Power are
Authority what the limits of Power are those are profound questions that
those are profound questions that continue to matter this will be an open
continue to matter this will be an open Administration open to new
Administration open to new ideas open to men and women of both
ideas open to men and women of both parties open to the critics as well as
parties open to the critics as well as those who support us and I am confident
those who support us and I am confident that this task is one that we can
that this task is one that we can Undertake and one in which we will be
Undertake and one in which we will be successful next Thursday on the 60s Jack
successful next Thursday on the 60s Jack what is your definition of a husband a
what is your definition of a husband a husband is the guy who's in charge and
husband is the guy who's in charge and should be all of the
should be all of the time what we are talking about is a
time what we are talking about is a revolution and not a reform rules that
revolution and not a reform rules that had existed for a thousand years just
had existed for a thousand years just overnight they were gone it's amazing we
overnight they were gone it's amazing we waited till the 60s to break the walls
waited till the 60s to break the walls down but it was
down but it was [Music]
[Music] time the 60s next Thursday night at 9:
time the 60s next Thursday night at 9: on
CNN we must open opportunity to all our people we feel that women will work just
people we feel that women will work just as good as men and better when the
as good as men and better when the husband is the guy who's in charge and
husband is the guy who's in charge and should be all of the time the latest
should be all of the time the latest threat to the status quo is the women's
threat to the status quo is the women's Revolt it is a pleading for social
Revolt it is a pleading for social change even the fear of imprisonment
change even the fear of imprisonment forces most homosexuals to camouflage
forces most homosexuals to camouflage their
their identities let's grow up
identities let's grow up conservatives public did not have the
conservatives public did not have the whole picture what we are talking about
whole picture what we are talking about is a
is a revolution and not a reform
we agree that the 60s saw explosive social change but the question is why in
social change but the question is why in the 60s Eric they per periods in history
the 60s Eric they per periods in history so far as I can see it when human
so far as I can see it when human energies both constructed and destru
energies both constructed and destru just seem to come to a
just seem to come to a [Music]
[Music] boil you are living in a time of
boil you are living in a time of incredible economic growth in theory
incredible economic growth in theory things had never ever ever been better
things had never ever ever been better it was just a really American Norman
it was just a really American Norman Rockwell Vision but the trouble is there
Rockwell Vision but the trouble is there are all kinds of
tensions the Civil Rights movement is the seminal event of the 1960s that
the seminal event of the 1960s that ignites so many other changes in
ignites so many other changes in society the day has come when racism
society the day has come when racism must be banished the Civil Rights
must be banished the Civil Rights Movement was incredibly inspiring but at
Movement was incredibly inspiring but at the same time the women in it were not
the same time the women in it were not recognized as leaders in the same way
recognized as leaders in the same way that the men were it said to us if these
that the men were it said to us if these movements we love still are not equal
movements we love still are not equal then there has to be an autonomous
then there has to be an autonomous women's
women's movement Mr President the Democratic
movement Mr President the Democratic platform promises to work for equal
platform promises to work for equal rights for women including equal pay
rights for women including equal pay what have you done for the women well
what have you done for the women well I'm sure we haven't done enough and
uh in 1961 President Kennedy creates the commission on the status of women that
commission on the status of women that commission produced a report in 1963
commission produced a report in 1963 that revealed things like the fact that
that revealed things like the fact that women earned 59 cents for every dollar
women earned 59 cents for every dollar that men earned that women were kept out
that men earned that women were kept out of the most lucrative professional
of the most lucrative professional positions women couldn't open a bank
positions women couldn't open a bank account in their own name they couldn't
account in their own name they couldn't get credit they certainly couldn't open
get credit they certainly couldn't open their own business women couldn't serve
their own business women couldn't serve on juries in some states there was one
on juries in some states there was one kind of disadvantage after another that
kind of disadvantage after another that was revealed Al together in this one
was revealed Al together in this one report perhaps You' be willing to tell
report perhaps You' be willing to tell the people what you feel is the real
the people what you feel is the real need for it we want to be sure that
need for it we want to be sure that women are used as effectively as they
women are used as effectively as they can to provide a better life for our our
can to provide a better life for our our people in addition to meeting their
people in addition to meeting their primary responsibility which is in the
primary responsibility which is in the home women's position as it had
home women's position as it had traditionally been was that they were
traditionally been was that they were husband's help meets Jack what is your
husband's help meets Jack what is your definition of a husband I think it's
definition of a husband I think it's like driving the horse and he's got to
like driving the horse and he's got to hold the
hold the rains and there just a couple of rigns
rains and there just a couple of rigns and if there were two people holding
and if there were two people holding these rains this horse is going to go
these rains this horse is going to go skitter scatter every way you know the
skitter scatter every way you know the husband is the guy who was in charge and
husband is the guy who was in charge and should be all of the time well by the
should be all of the time well by the 1960s women's position was changing
1960s women's position was changing there was a big change going on in the
there was a big change going on in the country people were talking about this
country people were talking about this book called The Feminine Mystique a
book called The Feminine Mystique a woman today uh has been made to feel
woman today uh has been made to feel freakish and alone and guilty if simply
freakish and alone and guilty if simply she wants to be more than her husband's
she wants to be more than her husband's wife Betty fan wrote very much out of
wife Betty fan wrote very much out of her own personal experience
her own personal experience The Feminine Mystique said that women
The Feminine Mystique said that women were suffering from the problem that has
were suffering from the problem that has no name a vague sense of dissatisfaction
no name a vague sense of dissatisfaction with the lack of meaning the lack of
with the lack of meaning the lack of opportunity in their
opportunity in their lives so many women read The Feminine
lives so many women read The Feminine Mystique and said that's it that's why
Mystique and said that's it that's why I'm so angry it was a huge huge deal at
I'm so angry it was a huge huge deal at the time the middle class woman up and
the time the middle class woman up and down America is just so wretchedly
down America is just so wretchedly unhappy that she's sick you can call buy
unhappy that she's sick you can call buy anything you like but it is wretchedly
anything you like but it is wretchedly boring to be with little tiny children
boring to be with little tiny children one end of the day the other especially
one end of the day the other especially if you think that you should love it all
if you think that you should love it all the
the time women were being educated for one
time women were being educated for one way of life which was one in which they
way of life which was one in which they had brains and then they were supposed
had brains and then they were supposed to have wombs and arms to run vacuum
to have wombs and arms to run vacuum cleaners and that that was a mismatch
cleaners and that that was a mismatch Betty fan called for blowing up the
Betty fan called for blowing up the rules you cannot be equality you have to
rules you cannot be equality you have to assume it and it had a hugely profound
assume it and it had a hugely profound impact young women started to see other
impact young women started to see other women saying that women had not gotten
women saying that women had not gotten enough out of life and the point was you
enough out of life and the point was you don't have to be this choose what you
don't have to be this choose what you want but you don't have to be this one
want but you don't have to be this one thing here she is Mrs Helen Gurley
thing here she is Mrs Helen Gurley Brown Helen Gurley Brown had lived
Brown Helen Gurley Brown had lived without being married very happily you
without being married very happily you know dating men having sex supporting
know dating men having sex supporting her herself and she wrote a book sex in
her herself and she wrote a book sex in the single girl which was about her life
the single girl which was about her life and it became a huge hit isn't this
and it became a huge hit isn't this whole subject of uh sex being uh
whole subject of uh sex being uh discussed and written and talked about
discussed and written and talked about too much I could expect a a reactionary
too much I could expect a a reactionary opinion like that from you I don't think
opinion like that from you I don't think so at all she openly talked about sex
so at all she openly talked about sex and said you won't get struck by a
and said you won't get struck by a lightning bolt you know if you have sex
lightning bolt you know if you have sex before you're married for average
before you're married for average run-of-the-mill women it was a bigger
run-of-the-mill women it was a bigger deal than the Feminine Mystique now that
deal than the Feminine Mystique now that it's all right to discuss sex people are
it's all right to discuss sex people are now talking about it a great deal and I
now talking about it a great deal and I don't think that's uh so bad yes Arthur
don't think that's uh so bad yes Arthur I think that talking about sex Wast such
I think that talking about sex Wast such a lot of
a lot of [Music]
[Music] time Helen Gurley Brown pointed out that
time Helen Gurley Brown pointed out that the guys had one standard the women hit
the guys had one standard the women hit another and that was a revelation rules
another and that was a revelation rules that had existed for a thousand years
that had existed for a thousand years just overnight they were gone in a
just overnight they were gone in a recent survey 44% of the high school and
recent survey 44% of the high school and college girls question said they approve
college girls question said they approve of sexual intercourse before marriage if
of sexual intercourse before marriage if they're serious about the young man do
they're serious about the young man do either of you approve for yourselves of
either of you approve for yourselves of intercourse before marriage yes I
intercourse before marriage yes I do yes I would say sexual Revolution or
do yes I would say sexual Revolution or sexual Renaissance
sexual Renaissance the experts are still trying to Define
it CBS reports birth control and the law this is a very personal program
this is a very personal program sometimes the most private matters are
sometimes the most private matters are also public matters it is about babies
also public matters it is about babies that bless a home and babies that can
that bless a home and babies that can haunt a home reproductive Freedom means
haunt a home reproductive Freedom means that it's a basic human right to decide
that it's a basic human right to decide whether and when to have children but
whether and when to have children but reproductive Freedom had not been
reproductive Freedom had not been enunciated in that way the basic
enunciated in that way the basic disagreement stems from the differences
disagreement stems from the differences in the moral attitudes towards birth
in the moral attitudes towards birth control in
control in 1957 the pill was approved by the FDA
1957 the pill was approved by the FDA for severe menstrual distress what
for severe menstrual distress what became funny is then everyone seemed to
became funny is then everyone seemed to be suffering from severe menstrual
be suffering from severe menstrual distress wasn't until 1960 the pill was
distress wasn't until 1960 the pill was actually approved by the FDA for birth
actually approved by the FDA for birth control the pill was originally very
control the pill was originally very hard to get it wasn't like you just went
hard to get it wasn't like you just went down to the pharmacy and picked it up
down to the pharmacy and picked it up that took quite a while this woman asked
that took quite a while this woman asked the doctor for birth control information
the doctor for birth control information he said best thing for me to do would
he said best thing for me to do would not be close to my husband and if I
not be close to my husband and if I didn't want to get that way it was up to
didn't want to get that way it was up to me well I'm 100% against birth control
me well I'm 100% against birth control because it's immoral it's the same as
because it's immoral it's the same as prostitution or abortion
prostitution or abortion there's always been push back against
there's always been push back against birth control even when the FDA approved
birth control even when the FDA approved the pill it was still illegal for many
the pill it was still illegal for many women across the country so stelle
women across the country so stelle Griswald who was a president of planned
Griswald who was a president of planned panid in Connecticut uh decided that she
panid in Connecticut uh decided that she was going to challenge this and she
was going to challenge this and she began handing out birth control knowing
began handing out birth control knowing full well that she would probably be
full well that she would probably be arrested which she was on the uh 24th of
arrested which she was on the uh 24th of November we issued two warrants one
November we issued two warrants one against Estelle griswell the other
against Estelle griswell the other against Dr C Lee buckon in violation of
against Dr C Lee buckon in violation of the contraceptive statute the grisell
the contraceptive statute the grisell versus Connecticut case changed
versus Connecticut case changed everything I think it's very evident
everything I think it's very evident that the law is unenforceable I think if
that the law is unenforceable I think if you had a policeman under every bed in
you had a policeman under every bed in the state of Connecticut they still
the state of Connecticut they still could not prove anything we are
could not prove anything we are continuing maybe illegally but we are
continuing maybe illegally but we are continuing our
continuing our program the case went to the Supreme
program the case went to the Supreme Court and made birth control legal
Court and made birth control legal finally for married couples only and it
finally for married couples only and it was several years later that in fact
was several years later that in fact birth control became legal for all women
birth control became legal for all women it was very very important because it
it was very very important because it both decriminalized contraception and
both decriminalized contraception and established the right to privacy how
established the right to privacy how many states repealed their law against
many states repealed their law against birth control just in this past year 10
birth control just in this past year 10 states changed or repealed their laws
states changed or repealed their laws against birth control but if I can add
against birth control but if I can add the end of 1964 to that it makes it 13
the end of 1964 to that it makes it 13 so that's kind of a national move
so that's kind of a national move movement nearly 7 million American women
movement nearly 7 million American women are now taking oral contraceptives and
are now taking oral contraceptives and they are said to be almost 100%
effective the birth control pill meant suddenly women could finish their
suddenly women could finish their education they could go in the workforce
education they could go in the workforce and that is what radically changed I
and that is what radically changed I think life for women in America was that
think life for women in America was that ability to to not only plan their
ability to to not only plan their families but to plan their
lives what happened when you went inside well when I went inside they said no
well when I went inside they said no women's what do you feel about this
women's what do you feel about this follow this idea that they won't hire
follow this idea that they won't hire women we feel that it's unfair because
women we feel that it's unfair because we feel that women will work just as
we feel that women will work just as good as men and better we're not hiring
good as men and better we're not hiring women at this particular time for the
women at this particular time for the very simple reason the jobs we have
very simple reason the jobs we have available are jobs that only men are
available are jobs that only men are able to do when the 1964 Civil Rights
able to do when the 1964 Civil Rights Act was going through Congress an
Act was going through Congress an amendment was inserted to make it
amendment was inserted to make it illegal to discriminate on the basis of
illegal to discriminate on the basis of gender as well as race no one took it
gender as well as race no one took it seriously the National Organization of
seriously the National Organization of Women is founded to press forward on
Women is founded to press forward on that one issue what's the objective of
that one issue what's the objective of the new organization now full equality
the new organization now full equality for women in truly equal partnership
for women in truly equal partnership with men one of now's campaign is to
with men one of now's campaign is to make the Civil Rights Act of 1964 really
make the Civil Rights Act of 1964 really be
be enforced suddenly the IV League colleges
enforced suddenly the IV League colleges began to open their doors to women for
began to open their doors to women for the first time time the quotas against
the first time time the quotas against women in the accounting field and the
women in the accounting field and the legal field and the medical field began
legal field and the medical field began to drop away Betty fan wanted results
to drop away Betty fan wanted results she wanted something to happen and it
she wanted something to happen and it started
started [Music]
[Music] happening basic training for
happening basic training for stewardesses is meant to turn a girl
stewardesses is meant to turn a girl into a woman the airline gives her
into a woman the airline gives her beauty tips a sense of
beauty tips a sense of responsibility stewardesses must be
responsibility stewardesses must be Slinky sex symbols Pilots can be hely
Slinky sex symbols Pilots can be hely and
and boled they hit hearings on the airline
boled they hit hearings on the airline industry and the stewardess situation
industry and the stewardess situation because of course stewardesses were
because of course stewardesses were fired if they got married and they had
fired if they got married and they had to have a certain weight and height and
to have a certain weight and height and their hands had to be soft and all this
their hands had to be soft and all this other stuff we have an issue here the
other stuff we have an issue here the 32-year age retirement because behind
32-year age retirement because behind that age retirement lies the future of
that age retirement lies the future of the whole profession the airline
the whole profession the airline executives are saying that their clients
executives are saying that their clients are not going to get on board the plane
are not going to get on board the plane unless there is a beautiful young
unless there is a beautiful young unmarried woman greeting them at the
unmarried woman greeting them at the stairs Miss Bolan what are you girls
stairs Miss Bolan what are you girls asking the Congress to do for you we're
asking the Congress to do for you we're asking them to give us an equal chance
asking them to give us an equal chance to continue in the job that we have
to continue in the job that we have chosen as a profession there is no
chosen as a profession there is no bonafied reason for terminating girls
bonafied reason for terminating girls because they reach 32 or 35 years of age
because they reach 32 or 35 years of age don't you girls know that that's going
don't you girls know that that's going to happen when you take the
to happen when you take the [Music]
[Music] job we know that the companies have
job we know that the companies have applied this policy we're hoping and are
applied this policy we're hoping and are asking to find a way to change this
asking to find a way to change this policy Congress began enforcing the
policy Congress began enforcing the title 7 job discrimination laws things
title 7 job discrimination laws things did begin to happen the barriers start
did begin to happen the barriers start coming down and it was it was real
coming down and it was it was real [Music]
results hi my name is Hugh Hefner and I'm editor
hi my name is Hugh Hefner and I'm editor publisher of Playboy magazine in 8 years
publisher of Playboy magazine in 8 years I've built an Empire worth 20
I've built an Empire worth 20 million Gloria steum was a reporter and
million Gloria steum was a reporter and a very pretty one so she went undercover
a very pretty one so she went undercover as a bunny at the Playboy
as a bunny at the Playboy club I remember the young woman who took
club I remember the young woman who took my false bio I had said that I was a
my false bio I had said that I was a secretary and thought being a bunny
secretary and thought being a bunny would be more exciting and she's leaned
would be more exciting and she's leaned forward and whispered to me she said
forward and whispered to me she said honey if you can type you don't want to
honey if you can type you don't want to work here bunnies are forbidden to wear
work here bunnies are forbidden to wear jewelry pale lipstick or gold or green
jewelry pale lipstick or gold or green nail varnish provocative Cotton Tail
nail varnish provocative Cotton Tail must be clean and spritely glorious
must be clean and spritely glorious exposed how the Playboy bunnies were
exposed how the Playboy bunnies were treated what they were paid and how they
treated what they were paid and how they were running around in a club with their
were running around in a club with their breasts exposed and a a tail on their
breasts exposed and a a tail on their butt and with men sort of snapping the
butt and with men sort of snapping the napkin at them as they walk by and so
napkin at them as they walk by and so through her reporting she was showing
through her reporting she was showing sexism in all its different flavors the
sexism in all its different flavors the assignment it was not a great experience
assignment it was not a great experience but in retrospect I'm glad I did it
but in retrospect I'm glad I did it because I got a notice from Hugh Hefner
because I got a notice from Hugh Hefner and they did change the working
and they did change the working conditions of those women for the
conditions of those women for the better Gloria steum challenged every
better Gloria steum challenged every stereotype of a feminist she was this
stereotype of a feminist she was this fabulous looking incredibly smart direct
fabulous looking incredibly smart direct speaking woman forgive me but I always
speaking woman forgive me but I always thought that you had to be stacked
thought that you had to be stacked absolutely stacked to be a bunny girl
absolutely stacked to be a bunny girl how did you get the job well you don't
how did you get the job well you don't have to be stacked to be a bunny in fact
have to be stacked to be a bunny in fact uh all of that is usually stuffed with
uh all of that is usually stuffed with gy socks or something it's where the
gy socks or something it's where the girls keep their tips it's where it's
girls keep their tips it's where it's just uh sort of traveling cash
just uh sort of traveling cash depository that's all glorious stum
depository that's all glorious stum could disarm even her harshest critics
could disarm even her harshest critics with humor and humility but she was
with humor and humility but she was willing to challenge patriarchy at every
willing to challenge patriarchy at every step of the way Gloria steum became a
step of the way Gloria steum became a brilliant spokesperson for the women's
brilliant spokesperson for the women's Liberation movement we've been much too
Liberation movement we've been much too law-abiding and too docile for too long
law-abiding and too docile for too long but I think that period is about over
but I think that period is about over the latest threat to the status quo in
the latest threat to the status quo in America is the women's
America is the women's Revolt this is the symbol for the female
Revolt this is the symbol for the female the women's Liberation movement has
the women's Liberation movement has added the equal signs as a lot of women
added the equal signs as a lot of women know including this one equality is
know including this one equality is often missing you have this sort of
often missing you have this sort of bubbling up of a desire for real
bubbling up of a desire for real equality and then you get women
equality and then you get women beginning to gel from community- based
beginning to gel from community- based activism to real solid organizing the
activism to real solid organizing the women's Liberation movement was a
women's Liberation movement was a parallel movement to Betty freed Dan the
parallel movement to Betty freed Dan the National Organization for Women so
National Organization for Women so almost as soon as now has formed in 1966
almost as soon as now has formed in 1966 women's Liberation groups are emerging
women's Liberation groups are emerging around the country this younger
around the country this younger generation moves in and very much
generation moves in and very much broadens the perspective of the women's
broadens the perspective of the women's movement all of these things build on
movement all of these things build on one another and this younger group not
one another and this younger group not only believed that you needed economic
only believed that you needed economic power but that you needed a revolution
power but that you needed a revolution in the relationship between the
Sexes there was a Revolution going on outside but on television there wasn't a
outside but on television there wasn't a real live girl and that's what I wanted
real live girl and that's what I wanted to do
that girl now that is an incredibly subversive television show absolutely
amazing Daddy was just giving me a lecture on sex education why would you
lecture on sex education why would you need a lecture on
need a lecture on sex um what I what I meant was um U an
sex um what I what I meant was um U an certainly knows all there is to know
certainly knows all there is to know about
sex I wasn't married to Don my boyfriend I was doing a television series about a
I was doing a television series about a single girl who didn't want to get
single girl who didn't want to get married and wanted to live on her own I
married and wanted to live on her own I mean this was like you know completely
mean this was like you know completely unheard of the character that Marlo
unheard of the character that Marlo Thomas played was a fantastic
Thomas played was a fantastic alternative model of Womanhood
alternative model of Womanhood itself that girl was the first time ever
itself that girl was the first time ever on television that a woman was allowed
on television that a woman was allowed to have an independent autonomous Life
to have an independent autonomous Life and Adventures of her own it's amazing
and Adventures of her own it's amazing we waited till the 60s to break the
we waited till the 60s to break the walls down but it was time everything to
walls down but it was time everything to do in any movement is how do you get the
do in any movement is how do you get the spotlight and focus it on the issue
spotlight and focus it on the issue we've decided for at least one week
we've decided for at least one week starting yesterday to do everything we
starting yesterday to do everything we can to fight pollution and Donald that
can to fight pollution and Donald that means all kinds of pollution there's
means all kinds of pollution there's there's air pollution food pollution
there's air pollution food pollution there's waste I felt strongly about the
there's waste I felt strongly about the fact that we could not ignore what the
fact that we could not ignore what the issues of the day were for
issues of the day were for everything appears to be growing concern
everything appears to be growing concern among scientists as to the possibility
among scientists as to the possibility of dangerous long range side effects
of dangerous long range side effects from the widespread use of DDT and other
from the widespread use of DDT and other pesticides have you considered asking
pesticides have you considered asking the Public Health Service to take a
the Public Health Service to take a closer look at this yes I I and I know
closer look at this yes I I and I know that they already are I think
that they already are I think particularly of course Miss Carson's
particularly of course Miss Carson's book but they are examining the
book but they are examining the [Music]
[Music] matter Rachel Carson wrote this book
matter Rachel Carson wrote this book about pesticide called Silent Spring in
about pesticide called Silent Spring in 1962 and talked about the long-term
1962 and talked about the long-term impacts the concept of latency and bio
impacts the concept of latency and bio accumulation which were all new terms
accumulation which were all new terms farm animals were dying with venomous
farm animals were dying with venomous regularity because of pesticides people
regularity because of pesticides people didn't have any awareness that if a fish
didn't have any awareness that if a fish ate the bug that was poisoned by
ate the bug that was poisoned by pesticides that that was going to end up
pesticides that that was going to end up in our
in our bodies it touched a raw nerve among the
bodies it touched a raw nerve among the American public the public was being
American public the public was being asked to accept these
asked to accept these chemicals and did not have the whole
chemicals and did not have the whole picture so I set about to remedy the the
picture so I set about to remedy the the balance there the major claims in Miss
balance there the major claims in Miss Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring are
Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring are gross distortions of the actual
gross distortions of the actual [Music]
[Music] facts mean we talk about Big Oil Well
facts mean we talk about Big Oil Well there was big chemical and Rachel Carson
there was big chemical and Rachel Carson got under their skin because she was
got under their skin because she was going to cut into their profits terribly
going to cut into their profits terribly she was attacked uh really viciously by
she was attacked uh really viciously by Monsanto and she was condemned pretty
Monsanto and she was condemned pretty regularly as a spinster and a communist
regularly as a spinster and a communist she got called off into this battle at a
she got called off into this battle at a time when she was already in a fairly
time when she was already in a fairly Advanced stage of cancer the US
Advanced stage of cancer the US government went into a review of all of
government went into a review of all of her data and months later came out with
her data and months later came out with a report basically backing Rachel Carson
a report basically backing Rachel Carson she dies in 1964 just shortly after with
she dies in 1964 just shortly after with cancer but if you have to make a Hall of
cancer but if you have to make a Hall of Fame of of people in the environmental
Fame of of people in the environmental movement Rachel Carson is the game
movement Rachel Carson is the game changer she's number one by closing
changer she's number one by closing loopholes which permitted pesticides to
loopholes which permitted pesticides to be sold before they were fully tested
be sold before they were fully tested said this bill safeguards the health of
said this bill safeguards the health of all Americans I'm sorry that voice of
all Americans I'm sorry that voice of Rachel Carson is still today she would
Rachel Carson is still today she would have been proud of this bill in this
have been proud of this bill in this [Music]
[Music] moment there were all of these things
moment there were all of these things that were beginning to affect human
that were beginning to affect human health we had cities in America
health we had cities in America increasingly having to call smog alerts
increasingly having to call smog alerts we had Rivers catching on fire in the
we had Rivers catching on fire in the Santa Barbara oil spill it became clear
Santa Barbara oil spill it became clear that even the very richest cities were
that even the very richest cities were going to be exposed to massive
going to be exposed to massive environmental threats the drilling
environmental threats the drilling continues and so do the leaks and the
continues and so do the leaks and the question here is not whether it will
question here is not whether it will happen again but when and how bad will
happen again but when and how bad will it be issue after issue kept piling up
it be issue after issue kept piling up there's a building sense that we are
there's a building sense that we are stakeholders in the environment that it
stakeholders in the environment that it is something that we humans can ruin
is something that we humans can ruin this is a a real shift in our thinking
this is a a real shift in our thinking people were really worried and the
people were really worried and the political establishments started to
political establishments started to respond without the environmental
respond without the environmental movement coming out of the 60s we would
movement coming out of the 60s we would not have a Clean Air Act a Clean Water
not have a Clean Air Act a Clean Water Act I mean there was a wave of
Act I mean there was a wave of legislation that emerged in the
legislation that emerged in the immediate
immediate aftermath we have not been
aftermath we have not been inactive these last four years we have
inactive these last four years we have saved more we have preserved more than
saved more we have preserved more than ever before in our history I'm con
ever before in our history I'm con convinced that beauty and order in our
convinced that beauty and order in our environment are not
environment are not Frills I am convinced that they are
Frills I am convinced that they are Urgent
Necessities I think that all of us are looking for a place under the Sun but
looking for a place under the Sun but that I mean for a union that we can
that I mean for a union that we can belong as Farm Workers we think of the
belong as Farm Workers we think of the Civil Rights Movement as generally being
Civil Rights Movement as generally being about blacks in the South but there was
about blacks in the South but there was a Latino Civil Rights Movement as
a Latino Civil Rights Movement as well how much have you been getting for
well how much have you been getting for a day's work only
a day's work only $2 $2 a day yes migrant Farm Workers who
$2 $2 a day yes migrant Farm Workers who are getting paid pennies to feed America
are getting paid pennies to feed America and were being sent from Farm to farm
and were being sent from Farm to farm with barely livable housing conditions
with barely livable housing conditions there are no bathrooms in the fields
there are no bathrooms in the fields often no clean drinking water workers
often no clean drinking water workers would be forced to use the short-handled
would be forced to use the short-handled hoe that is back breaking 18 in from the
hoe that is back breaking 18 in from the ground but it also is an instrument of
ground but it also is an instrument of psychological oppression because the
psychological oppression because the supervisors could look down the row and
supervisors could look down the row and if someone stood up to stretch they
if someone stood up to stretch they could order them back to work
could order them back to work essentially there were no labor laws no
essentially there were no labor laws no health and safety laws that apply to
health and safety laws that apply to Farm Workers what do you think of the
Farm Workers what do you think of the idea of a union for Farm Workers I think
idea of a union for Farm Workers I think it's ridiculous
it's ridiculous do you want to live in this I wouldn't
do you want to live in this I wouldn't live
live here you know you're being very impudent
here you know you're being very impudent I want to live here we have a real tough
I want to live here we have a real tough combination pitted against us in 1966 it
combination pitted against us in 1966 it has occurred to a few of them that they
has occurred to a few of them that they ought to have a union this is the union
ought to have a union this is the union they formed the United Farm Workers
they formed the United Farm Workers organizing committee their leader Cesar
organizing committee their leader Cesar Chavez started out as a migrant field
Chavez started out as a migrant field worker with a seventh grade education
worker with a seventh grade education Cesar Chavez was large selftaught and
Cesar Chavez was large selftaught and becomes this great student of history
becomes this great student of history and he studies Gandhi and Martin Luther
and he studies Gandhi and Martin Luther King You' got to get out there with a
King You' got to get out there with a picket sign and and get some action
picket sign and and get some action going and when you put all those things
going and when you put all those things together then nonviolence
together then nonviolence [Music]
[Music] works the United Farm Workers realized
works the United Farm Workers realized very early on you have to move people
very early on you have to move people you have to inspire them so they set
you have to inspire them so they set Upon A March from deleno to
Upon A March from deleno to Sacramento it's a march to get the
Sacramento it's a march to get the strike and the former story outside of
strike and the former story outside of California
California not everybody you get scenes that
not everybody you get scenes that resemble some of the things that
resemble some of the things that happened in the South workers just being
happened in the South workers just being nonviolent in the face of provocation
nonviolent in the face of provocation from the police it is a pleading for
from the police it is a pleading for social change for social justice to the
social change for social justice to the fir worker and his
fir worker and his cause Saturday afternoon a light rain
cause Saturday afternoon a light rain was falling as the Marchers arrived
was falling as the Marchers arrived outside side
outside side Sacramento so when they start into Leno
Sacramento so when they start into Leno there are about 75 Marchers by the time
there are about 75 Marchers by the time they get to Sacramento there are 10,000
they get to Sacramento there are 10,000 people rallied on the steps of the state
people rallied on the steps of the state capital the workers are on the right
capital the workers are on the right deleno has shown what can be done and
deleno has shown what can be done and the workers know that they are no longer
alone one of the things that Chavez does that really catapults the movement into
that really catapults the movement into the national consciousness is to ask
the national consciousness is to ask Americans to stop buying
grapes at its height 15 to 20 million Americans were participating in the
Americans were participating in the great boycott that is almost one out of
great boycott that is almost one out of every 10 Americans we have I think a
every 10 Americans we have I think a similar problem that the people in the
similar problem that the people in the Civil Rights Movement had it wasn't
Civil Rights Movement had it wasn't until they really went out and started
until they really went out and started organizing if the government came across
organizing if the government came across with meaningful legislation the boycott
with meaningful legislation the boycott ultimately forces California's most
ultimately forces California's most powerful industry to sign contracts with
powerful industry to sign contracts with its Forest
its Forest workers the revolution in California
workers the revolution in California Agriculture has moved far more rapidly
Agriculture has moved far more rapidly than anyone expected this much now is
than anyone expected this much now is clear California Agriculture has been
changed will you join in the battle to build the Great Society to give every
build the Great Society to give every citizen the full equality which God
citizen the full equality which God enjoins and the law
enjoins and the law requires when lendon Johnson is pushing
requires when lendon Johnson is pushing through the Great Society he's riding
through the Great Society he's riding the wave of the civil rights movement
the wave of the civil rights movement and the reform movement but there are a
and the reform movement but there are a lot of Americans who are not at all
lot of Americans who are not at all happy about this
happy about this Johnson is a man whom I've known for a
Johnson is a man whom I've known for a long time and I like him personally but
long time and I like him personally but I've watched him change from a
I've watched him change from a conservative Democrat to a an extreme
conservative Democrat to a an extreme liberal Democrat too often the 60s is
liberal Democrat too often the 60s is simply seen from a liberal perspective
simply seen from a liberal perspective but the conservative movement had its
but the conservative movement had its hands well I told my wife I said honey I
hands well I told my wife I said honey I said what do you think about my run for
said what do you think about my run for the presidency I would not say he was
the presidency I would not say he was politically
politically ambitious what made my father run
ambitious what made my father run started several years before that it
started several years before that it really started with my father's book The
really started with my father's book The Conscience of a conservative in 1960
Conscience of a conservative in 1960 which became kind of the Bible of the
which became kind of the Bible of the conservative movement goat brought
conservative movement goat brought together a kind of muscular americanism
together a kind of muscular americanism anti-communism
anti-communism and this growing political opposition to
and this growing political opposition to the expansion of the federal government
the expansion of the federal government at the time the Republican party was
at the time the Republican party was dominated by the Eastern liberal
dominated by the Eastern liberal establishment conservatives saw the more
establishment conservatives saw the more moderate liberal part of the Republican
moderate liberal part of the Republican party as not being real Republican
party as not being real Republican because they're not getting rid of the
because they're not getting rid of the problem with government which was that
problem with government which was that had had gotten too big at the time
had had gotten too big at the time nobody thought of it as a movement but
nobody thought of it as a movement but it was a nent thing but it turned out to
it was a nent thing but it turned out to be a very powerful thing and that was
be a very powerful thing and that was the beginning of what we now think of as
the beginning of what we now think of as a conservative
a conservative movement what conservatives lacked up
movement what conservatives lacked up until the
until the 1960s was any substantial media Outlet
1960s was any substantial media Outlet to spread their message but during the
to spread their message but during the 1960s you began to get the foundation
1960s you began to get the foundation for this Barry Goldwater J propelled
for this Barry Goldwater J propelled philosopher of conservatism he is the
philosopher of conservatism he is the hottest thing on the lecture Circle he
hottest thing on the lecture Circle he pours out out with considerable help
pours out out with considerable help books articles and columns suddenly
books articles and columns suddenly Barry gwat is being talked about as the
Barry gwat is being talked about as the Republican johnf
Republican johnf Kennedy we have lost election after
Kennedy we have lost election after election the last several years because
election the last several years because conservative Republicans get mad and
conservative Republicans get mad and stay home let's grow up
stay home let's grow up conservatives let's if we want to take
conservatives let's if we want to take this party back and I think we can
this party back and I think we can someday let's get to
someday let's get to [Applause]
[Applause] work and for the next four years the
work and for the next four years the conservatives went to
work little dust devils of non-g Goldwater ISM are swirling about this
Goldwater ISM are swirling about this convention but that's about all the
convention but that's about all the Cyclone is definitely coming in from
Cyclone is definitely coming in from Arizona in 1964 the liberals moderates
Arizona in 1964 the liberals moderates who were running the Republican Party
who were running the Republican Party realized that their party had been
realized that their party had been seized from underneath them during this
seized from underneath them during this this year I have crisscross this nation
this year I have crisscross this nation warning of the extremist threat it's
warning of the extremist threat it's danger of the
danger of the [Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
[Music] [Applause]
[Applause] party Governor is entitled to be heard
party Governor is entitled to be heard for 5 minutes all of these Liberal
for 5 minutes all of these Liberal Republicans who were considered the
Republicans who were considered the leading figures of the Republican Party
leading figures of the Republican Party like George Romney and Nelson
like George Romney and Nelson Rockefeller suddenly didn't have a role
Rockefeller suddenly didn't have a role in the 64 election that that nominated
in the 64 election that that nominated Goldwater he is the man who earned and
Goldwater he is the man who earned and proudly carries the title of Mr
proudly carries the title of Mr Conservative and is now Mr Republican
Conservative and is now Mr Republican Barry
Barry [Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
Goan Rockefeller in his campaign was paining the conservatives as
paining the conservatives as extremists and then my father followed
extremists and then my father followed up with his famous words about it I
up with his famous words about it I would remind you that
would remind you that extremism in the defense of Liberty is
extremism in the defense of Liberty is no
Vice and let me remind you also that
also that moderation in the pursuit of justice is
moderation in the pursuit of justice is no
virtue Goldwater did not recognize that he was opening up a
recognize that he was opening up a Pandora's Box by saying that extremism
Pandora's Box by saying that extremism could be a good thing he was basically
could be a good thing he was basically opening the door to the burchers and the
opening the door to the burchers and the leftover kak's Clan and all these other
leftover kak's Clan and all these other groups that were Beyond The Pale the
groups that were Beyond The Pale the head of the Georgia Clan came out for
head of the Georgia Clan came out for your ticket do you accept their support
your ticket do you accept their support uh we don't want the backing of the Klux
uh we don't want the backing of the Klux Clan that's a different kind of
Clan that's a different kind of extremist and my father would have none
extremist and my father would have none of it a thoughtful address by Ronald
of it a thoughtful address by Ronald Reagan thank
Reagan thank you I have spent most of my life as a
you I have spent most of my life as a Democrat I recently have seen fit to
Democrat I recently have seen fit to follow another
follow another course Ronald Reagan was an actor but it
course Ronald Reagan was an actor but it was in 1964 that suddenly he explodes
was in 1964 that suddenly he explodes onto the national scene as a political
onto the national scene as a political figure because he gives the speech in
figure because he gives the speech in this boat harvesting time they use terms
this boat harvesting time they use terms like the Great Society or as we were
like the Great Society or as we were told a few days ago by the president we
told a few days ago by the president we must accept a greater government
must accept a greater government activity in the Affairs of the people
activity in the Affairs of the people Barry Goldwater has faith that you and I
Barry Goldwater has faith that you and I have the ability and the dignity and the
have the ability and the dignity and the right to make our own
right to make our own decisions the campaign was always run
decisions the campaign was always run optimistically and when Ronald Reagan
optimistically and when Ronald Reagan hit it out of the ballpark with his
hit it out of the ballpark with his speech we just knew we were going to win
speech we just knew we were going to win according to CBS vote profile analysis
according to CBS vote profile analysis Lyndon Baines Johnson has been elected
Lyndon Baines Johnson has been elected president of the United States and the
president of the United States and the landslide has carried him
landslide has carried him in we're going to devote our days and
in we're going to devote our days and the years ahead to uh strengthening the
the years ahead to uh strengthening the Republican party after goat loses all it
Republican party after goat loses all it did was to make the conservatives more
did was to make the conservatives more determined than ever in addition they
determined than ever in addition they found another star the first question is
found another star the first question is for you Senator Goldwater it's been said
for you Senator Goldwater it's been said that Ronald rean has assumed the manle
that Ronald rean has assumed the manle of leadership of the conservative
of leadership of the conservative movement would you comment please I
movement would you comment please I would say that if he
would say that if he continues in his successful political
continues in his successful political career that I don't think you could deny
career that I don't think you could deny that he would be the leader Reagan is
that he would be the leader Reagan is elected governor of California this gets
elected governor of California this gets to be a new ball game there is this
to be a new ball game there is this growing social
growing social uneasiness about the kinds of changes
uneasiness about the kinds of changes that are taking place in
that are taking place in America conservative leaders were able
America conservative leaders were able to capitalize on those resentments
to capitalize on those resentments towards government and toward this new
towards government and toward this new America as you move through the 60s and
America as you move through the 60s and even as Reagan wins election in ' 66 to
even as Reagan wins election in ' 66 to become governor of California the
become governor of California the response on the part of conservatives is
response on the part of conservatives is that what's more important is less
that what's more important is less anti-communism and more the social
elements we who are Republicans have been handed a unique challenge
have been handed a unique challenge ourselves and a
ourselves and a responsibility to offer something that
responsibility to offer something that the people of this country are crying
the people of this country are crying out for they are crying out for
out for they are crying out for leadership I saw him make a speech in
leadership I saw him make a speech in 1964 for goldw water I said there's the
1964 for goldw water I said there's the man that should be running for
man that should be running for president he has the same type of
president he has the same type of feeling with the people that John
feeling with the people that John Kennedy had I
Kennedy had I think Reagan did a very brief run for
think Reagan did a very brief run for president in 1968 but it was too little
president in 1968 but it was too little too late Richard Nixon goes over the top
too late Richard Nixon goes over the top with
with 287 electoral votes and that seems to be
287 electoral votes and that seems to be the 1968 election conservatives won
the 1968 election conservatives won control of the Republican party in
control of the Republican party in 1964 but they didn't figure out what to
1964 but they didn't figure out what to do with it for 15 years
do with it for 15 years [Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
CBS reports the homosexuals Lars Larson is a member of
homosexuals Lars Larson is a member of the most despised minority group in the
the most despised minority group in the United States but few homosexuals are
United States but few homosexuals are willing to admit it publicly the fear of
willing to admit it publicly the fear of being ostracized of losing a job even
being ostracized of losing a job even the fear of imprisonment forces most
the fear of imprisonment forces most homosexuals to camouflage their
homosexuals to camouflage their identities do you remember how you felt
identities do you remember how you felt when you first realized that you are a
when you first realized that you are a homosexual frightened terribly
homosexual frightened terribly frightened
frightened look I was so scared that anybody ever
look I was so scared that anybody ever figure out I was gay I was a deeply
figure out I was gay I was a deeply cited and very repressed game in the
cited and very repressed game in the Tallahasse Police Department is using
Tallahasse Police Department is using Florida State University students as
Florida State University students as informers against homosexuals the
informers against homosexuals the students get $10 ahead every time one is
students get $10 ahead every time one is approached by a suspected sex offender
approached by a suspected sex offender in the 1960s there are a number of these
in the 1960s there are a number of these kinds of committees that investigate
kinds of committees that investigate guge and even though it's still
guge and even though it's still submerged you begin to see the first
submerged you begin to see the first issues about gay rights there were
issues about gay rights there were multiple organizations to try to
multiple organizations to try to counteract that repressive regime that
counteract that repressive regime that gay men and lesbians were suffering
gay men and lesbians were suffering under they have the matachin society and
under they have the matachin society and the daughters of bitas which were part
the daughters of bitas which were part of the homophile movement the laws which
of the homophile movement the laws which forbid certain types of private
forbid certain types of private consenting sexual behavior among adults
consenting sexual behavior among adults need to be changed in the mine Society
need to be changed in the mine Society this was the Dilemma how do you combine
this was the Dilemma how do you combine activism with an
activism with an you can't run a social movement from
you can't run a social movement from behind the CET door gays are limited in
behind the CET door gays are limited in their ability to show affection can't
their ability to show affection can't party the way the Straits can their
party the way the Straits can their whole entire existence is
whole entire existence is stigmatized one of the mine society's
stigmatized one of the mine society's founder is a man named Frank Camy he was
founder is a man named Frank Camy he was a worker in the US map service and he's
a worker in the US map service and he's fired because he's gay so he pickets the
fired because he's gay so he pickets the White House well I understand that we
White House well I understand that we are being picketed by a group uh of
are being picketed by a group uh of homosexuals the policy of the department
homosexuals the policy of the department is that we do not employ homosexuals
is that we do not employ homosexuals knowingly and that if we discover
knowingly and that if we discover homosexuals in our department we
homosexuals in our department we discharge them every American citizen
discharge them every American citizen has the right to be considered by his
has the right to be considered by his government on the basis of his own
government on the basis of his own personal merits as an individual Frank
personal merits as an individual Frank Hony is a pioneer he's standing there
Hony is a pioneer he's standing there doesn't care what people think he's
doesn't care what people think he's saying I am just as normal as you are
saying I am just as normal as you are it's a polite Reform movement
it's a polite Reform movement homosexuality is in fact mental
homosexuality is in fact mental illness which has reached
illness which has reached epidemiological proportions the American
epidemiological proportions the American Psychiatric
Psychiatric association deems homosexuality to be a
association deems homosexuality to be a mental
mental disorder this involves showing the gay
disorder this involves showing the gay man pictures of nude males and shocking
man pictures of nude males and shocking him with a strong electric current over
him with a strong electric current over a short period of time hopefully he will
a short period of time hopefully he will be unable to get sexually
be unable to get sexually aroused it's very hard to achieve civil
aroused it's very hard to achieve civil rights for a group where the medical
rights for a group where the medical world is describing this group as as
world is describing this group as as mentally ill so one of the goals of the
mentally ill so one of the goals of the gay rights movement was to eliminate
gay rights movement was to eliminate that kind of thinking represents
that kind of thinking represents Prejudice it doesn't represent science
Prejudice it doesn't represent science The Dilemma of the homosexual told by
The Dilemma of the homosexual told by the medical profession he is sick by the
the medical profession he is sick by the law that he's a criminal shunned by
law that he's a criminal shunned by employers rejected by heterosexual
employers rejected by heterosexual Society
Society at the center of his life he remains an
at the center of his life he remains an outsider I think gay men got uh sort of
outsider I think gay men got uh sort of sick and tired of seeing the quote
sick and tired of seeing the quote unquote Revolution going on all around
unquote Revolution going on all around them while they were being vilified and
them while they were being vilified and kept completely to the
kept completely to the margins something is always going to
margins something is always going to light the spark and it was about to
light the spark and it was about to happen
somewhere in June of 1969 the police staged a raid just a
1969 the police staged a raid just a routine raid on uh gayar The Stonewall
routine raid on uh gayar The Stonewall Inn in greinwich Village uh in New York
Inn in greinwich Village uh in New York and unlike a routine raid in this case
and unlike a routine raid in this case men fought
men fought [Applause]
[Applause] back Stonewall was a watershed moment in
back Stonewall was a watershed moment in really the development of civil rights
really the development of civil rights for the LGBT
for the LGBT community within 4 years of Stonewall
community within 4 years of Stonewall the American Psychiatric
the American Psychiatric association removes homosexuality from
association removes homosexuality from its list of mental disorders in four
its list of mental disorders in four years this was a movement that could not
years this was a movement that could not be
be denied with each decade the glass
denied with each decade the glass ceiling gets chipped away at and
ceiling gets chipped away at and ultimately one would hope
ultimately one would hope broken so much of the 60s is now draped
broken so much of the 60s is now draped in Nostalgia but the things that were
in Nostalgia but the things that were important and that were so contr Rial
important and that were so contr Rial then whether it was the movement for
then whether it was the movement for civil rights the environmental movement
civil rights the environmental movement or the women's movement much of that
or the women's movement much of that work became cornerstones from the world
work became cornerstones from the world we currently live in I no longer accept
we currently live in I no longer accept society's judgment that my group is
society's judgment that my group is second class women begin running for
second class women begin running for office being able to open up their own
office being able to open up their own businesses you now have women doctors
businesses you now have women doctors and scientists and astronauts things
and scientists and astronauts things that were unheard
that were unheard of after the 60s people began to take a
of after the 60s people began to take a more holistic view of the environment
more holistic view of the environment everybody now fundamentally believes
everybody now fundamentally believes that they've got a right to a healthy
that they've got a right to a healthy safe
environment we explored so many blind alleys in the 1960s that perhaps we've
alleys in the 1960s that perhaps we've put ourselves on a platform from which
put ourselves on a platform from which we can more constructively attack the
we can more constructively attack the problems which we've now begun to
problems which we've now begun to identify now if that happens in the
identify now if that happens in the decades to come I should not be
decades to come I should not be surprised if historians didn't date its
surprised if historians didn't date its beginning in this troubled 10 years
beginning in this troubled 10 years we've just gone
we've just gone through uh these are the cutaways for
through uh these are the cutaways for Esther Peterson assistant Secretary of
Esther Peterson assistant Secretary of Labor highest ranking women in the
Labor highest ranking women in the federal government do you think that the
federal government do you think that the American public is ready to accept a
American public is ready to accept a woman in the white house I
think I think that when the right woman comes along that the that the society
comes along that the that the society will recognize and I think it's compl
will recognize and I think it's compl completely possible that someday there
completely possible that someday there can be a woman in the White
can be a woman in the White [Music]
House there are colonies of hippies springing up in most American cities
springing up in most American cities it's all related the psychedelics and
it's all related the psychedelics and the war the pro protesting I'm planning
the war the pro protesting I'm planning on having a good time as long as I can
on having a good time as long as I can smoke pot with your kids and then you'll
smoke pot with your kids and then you'll understand why the kids are happy it's a
understand why the kids are happy it's a giant love in people should be
giant love in people should be uninhibited in their sexual expression
uninhibited in their sexual expression you cannot ignore a change in Morality
you cannot ignore a change in Morality they're fascists they don't like hippies
they're fascists they don't like hippies and they don't like the things we do we
and they don't like the things we do we do have to maintain law order and
do have to maintain law order and decency on the streets what we're
decency on the streets what we're thinking about as a peaceful Planet
thinking about as a peaceful Planet we're not thinking about anything else
we're not thinking about anything else they are trying to do what no one else
they are trying to do what no one else has ever done before find a new way for
has ever done before find a new way for Humanity
America in the early 60s it was a real good time of prosperity but it was also
good time of prosperity but it was also kind of a stagnant time in terms of
kind of a stagnant time in terms of spiritual growth things were kind of at
spiritual growth things were kind of at a
a standstill the Baseline culture was
standstill the Baseline culture was materialism and also the feeling that
materialism and also the feeling that the culture itself didn't honor the
the culture itself didn't honor the human spirit and didn't honor
human spirit and didn't honor creativity in the early
creativity in the early 1950s the recognized in its midst a
1950s the recognized in its midst a social movement called be
generation a novel titled on the road became a
novel titled on the road became a besteller when kowak book comes out it
besteller when kowak book comes out it became a revolution defined a new
became a revolution defined a new generation of what being beat means and
generation of what being beat means and it defined it as a spiritual Revolution
it defined it as a spiritual Revolution but if we're living in a age of
but if we're living in a age of Conformity if everybody's trying to work
Conformity if everybody's trying to work for the the corporation that you're
for the the corporation that you're losing a sense of self I was try
losing a sense of self I was try traveling west one time at the junction
traveling west one time at the junction of the state line of Colorado I saw in
of the state line of Colorado I saw in the clouds huge and massed above the
the clouds huge and massed above the fury golden desert of even fall the
fury golden desert of even fall the great image of god with four finger
great image of god with four finger pointed straight at
pointed straight at me come on boy go thou across the ground
me come on boy go thou across the ground go moan for man go moan go
go moan for man go moan go groan go groan alone go roll your bones
groan go groan alone go roll your bones alone Jack Kwak became like a godfa
alone Jack Kwak became like a godfa father for the counterculture The
father for the counterculture The Village has a life and language all its
Village has a life and language all its own if you dig it your hip if you don't
own if you dig it your hip if you don't man you're Square coffee houses the
man you're Square coffee houses the neighborhood bars of bohemia where the
neighborhood bars of bohemia where the strongest potion is coffee and the
strongest potion is coffee and the coffee house poet is the specialty of
coffee house poet is the specialty of the house to find a place where the eyes
the house to find a place where the eyes can rest beat Nicks they had these
can rest beat Nicks they had these coffee houses they would go in and and
coffee houses they would go in and and play chess and read poetry and those
play chess and read poetry and those same coffee houses became a kind of a
same coffee houses became a kind of a Proving Ground for folk
Proving Ground for folk singers and all young kids were running
singers and all young kids were running out to buy guitars and banjo standing
out to buy guitars and banjo standing York one day F music it gives me a lot
York one day F music it gives me a lot more than the popular music of our own
more than the popular music of our own time does my Outlook is that topical
time does my Outlook is that topical song Should Be Sung because we don't do
song Should Be Sung because we don't do anything about say the BAM you know the
anything about say the BAM you know the whole situation come to an end this got
whole situation come to an end this got to be an alternative to whatever ways of
to be an alternative to whatever ways of life are offered to them you know I mean
life are offered to them you know I mean Democrat Republican and I would like to
Democrat Republican and I would like to offer some kind of alternative somehow
offer some kind of alternative somehow you know folk Revival Scene had a big
you know folk Revival Scene had a big part of politics you can't get left
part of politics you can't get left politics out of Woody Guthrie or Pete
politics out of Woody Guthrie or Pete Seager and so the Greenwich Village
Seager and so the Greenwich Village movement was there to celebrate people's
movement was there to celebrate people's culture if you like the music you really
culture if you like the music you really were signing on for their ways of
were signing on for their ways of looking at the world
looking at the world too and then eventually one guy emerges
too and then eventually one guy emerges as being special
as being special [Applause]
[Applause] a bullet from the back of a bush took
a bullet from the back of a bush took medgear
medgear ever during that that time in the 60s as
ever during that that time in the 60s as that Cultural Revolution was slowly
that Cultural Revolution was slowly bubbling and kids were starting to
bubbling and kids were starting to question authority question what was
question authority question what was happening in their country they're
happening in their country they're looking for answers Bob Dyan thought
looking for answers Bob Dyan thought that folk music was poetry he took beat
that folk music was poetry he took beat energy and mixed it with folk culture
energy and mixed it with folk culture and it's more lyrical intensity than
and it's more lyrical intensity than anybody's put to song before and the
anybody's put to song before and the name used is for the politician game as
name used is for the politician game as he rises to fame up until the time of
he rises to fame up until the time of Bob Dylan there were the songwriters and
Bob Dylan there were the songwriters and there were the singers Dylan started
there were the singers Dylan started writing his own music he says I am going
writing his own music he says I am going to comment on the world I'm going to
to comment on the world I'm going to comment on the nature of this Human
comment on the nature of this Human Experience Bob Dylan was in this sort of
Experience Bob Dylan was in this sort of white hot moment of saying more in the
white hot moment of saying more in the Popular Song than anyone ever had
Popular Song than anyone ever had [Music]
[Music] before in that
game After the revolution of Bob Dylan the music world moves
West Laural Canyon becomes the epicenter of the Rock
of the Rock Revolution the music scene was not
Revolution the music scene was not happening in New York anymore it was now
happening in New York anymore it was now La everybody moved to Laurel Canyon
La everybody moved to Laurel Canyon actors musicians artists and so it was a
actors musicians artists and so it was a kind of a whole Community very open if
kind of a whole Community very open if you're driving over Laurel Canyon and
you're driving over Laurel Canyon and you saw somebody hitchhiking you just
you saw somebody hitchhiking you just automatically pull over hey brother get
automatically pull over hey brother get in you know where you going Laurel
in you know where you going Laurel Canyon was an incredibly interesting
Canyon was an incredibly interesting place to live in those days I lived on
place to live in those days I lived on Lookout Mountain with Joan
Lookout Mountain with Joan Crosby was close Steven was close now it
Crosby was close Steven was close now it was all these artists who were singing
was all these artists who were singing the truth and their truth was this idic
the truth and their truth was this idic sort of sense of Freedom there was a a
sort of sense of Freedom there was a a thriving community of kids that were
thriving community of kids that were discovering their new life and couldn't
discovering their new life and couldn't wait to play you the new song that
wait to play you the new song that they'd written there was a lot of
they'd written there was a lot of freedom there was a lot of drugs there
freedom there was a lot of drugs there was a lot of beautiful women there was a
was a lot of beautiful women there was a lot of good rock and roll being
lot of good rock and roll being made was a fabulous time
you River these are students at a Suburban
River these are students at a Suburban High School in Los Angeles they reflect
High School in Los Angeles they reflect the Sun sensuality and affluence which
the Sun sensuality and affluence which dominate life in Southern California the
dominate life in Southern California the latest fad is the s said strip during
latest fad is the s said strip during the past year it has become a playground
the past year it has become a playground for Southern California's mobile
for Southern California's mobile Restless teenagers it is the place to go
Restless teenagers it is the place to go people would meet down at clubs on the
people would meet down at clubs on the Sunset Strip and they would go to the
Sunset Strip and they would go to the trip or they would go to the the whiskey
trip or they would go to the the whiskey goo it was a real
goo it was a real happening we changed from a culture of
happening we changed from a culture of grownups that sort of look down on Kids
grownups that sort of look down on Kids to Kids leading it is the creation of
to Kids leading it is the creation of the teenager and the Revolution
the teenager and the Revolution [Music]
[Music] begins the Los Angeles County Sheriff's
begins the Los Angeles County Sheriff's office has begun Foot Patrol on the
office has begun Foot Patrol on the Sunset Strip to cope with the growing
Sunset Strip to cope with the growing influx of youngsters the notion of
influx of youngsters the notion of teenagers who had a culture of their own
teenagers who had a culture of their own that weren't listening to their parents'
that weren't listening to their parents' music kind of opens up this giant space
music kind of opens up this giant space for rebellions large and small at least
for rebellions large and small at least 10% of the students have used and are
10% of the students have used and are using uh marijuana also a very probably
using uh marijuana also a very probably a very significant thing is that
a very significant thing is that acceptance is gaining steadily and the
acceptance is gaining steadily and the usage is really uh increasing very very
usage is really uh increasing very very rapidly in La we were all kind of you
rapidly in La we were all kind of you know smoking God's herb whereas up in
know smoking God's herb whereas up in San Francisco it seemed like they were
San Francisco it seemed like they were they were experimenting more with mind
they were experimenting more with mind expansion you
know Ken key took classes of writing at Stanford University and he writes the
Stanford University and he writes the great novel one FL the cuckoo nest and
great novel one FL the cuckoo nest and this makes KY a celebrity while at
this makes KY a celebrity while at Stanford I was uh given the opportunity
Stanford I was uh given the opportunity to go to the Stanford hospital and uh
to go to the Stanford hospital and uh take part in the LSD experiments KY had
take part in the LSD experiments KY had volunteered to do test for LSD a
volunteered to do test for LSD a government sponsored test LSD was
government sponsored test LSD was isolated by stolen Hoffman in a Sandos
isolated by stolen Hoffman in a Sandos pharmaceutical company of basen
pharmaceutical company of basen Switzerland do you feel
Switzerland do you feel happy is no you must be because you have
happy is no you must be because you have tears in your
eyes is that a beautiful experience would you
say I would say yes some people think it's when key discovers LSD that the
it's when key discovers LSD that the counterculture in California is born
counterculture in California is born because more and more people then want
because more and more people then want to try to experience what key
to try to experience what key experienced and he becomes a promoter of
it KY created a drug commune at Londa which is an hour from San
which is an hour from San Francisco great artist loves smashing
Francisco great artist loves smashing traditions and it his best key was doing
traditions and it his best key was doing that everybody would have this communal
that everybody would have this communal LSD trip together Tom Wolf would write
LSD trip together Tom Wolf would write the Electric Kool-Aid AET test about it
the Electric Kool-Aid AET test about it people were constantly slipping drugs
people were constantly slipping drugs into my food the number of times that I
into my food the number of times that I would get up I what the hell had
would get up I what the hell had happened to me they thought they'd do me
happened to me they thought they'd do me a favor they were having the World's
a favor they were having the World's Fair in New York so bunch of us were
Fair in New York so bunch of us were going to go but the bunch of us were too
going to go but the bunch of us were too big to fit in his station wagon so he
big to fit in his station wagon so he bought this converted School
Bus he was going to put the bus in daylow bright colors and then go what he
daylow bright colors and then go what he called unsettling America blowing
called unsettling America blowing people's minds the whole idea of blowing
people's minds the whole idea of blowing people's minds was that you have to
people's minds was that you have to present something to them that is so
present something to them that is so different there's a crack comes open
different there's a crack comes open where something new can come in and the
where something new can come in and the reaction to all these people was
reaction to all these people was wonderful because what it was in 1964
wonderful because what it was in 1964 there was no other thing like this
there was no other thing like this happening it's part of a kind of
happening it's part of a kind of cultural revolution going on making the
cultural revolution going on making the squares pay notice to this underground
squares pay notice to this underground of
of [Music]
[Music] America when we got to New York City
America when we got to New York City which is the home of the Beats where
which is the home of the Beats where kowak lived and picked him up because we
kowak lived and picked him up because we were in his presence we were just acting
were in his presence we were just acting as goofy as we could playing music
as goofy as we could playing music putting on costumes doing all kinds of
putting on costumes doing all kinds of Acts and stuff like that and and carak
Acts and stuff like that and and carak sat on the couch drinking a big tall
sat on the couch drinking a big tall Budweiser he was obviously not an
Budweiser he was obviously not an enthusiastic guy
enthusiastic guy those beats they had done their thing
those beats they had done their thing you know I really felt like the torch
you know I really felt like the torch had been passed from those guys to the
had been passed from those guys to the Psychedelic
Psychedelic generation KY in many ways was very
generation KY in many ways was very Messianic and he started feeling that
Messianic and he started feeling that acid would allow you to see a larger
acid would allow you to see a larger truth and they started saying let's get
truth and they started saying let's get as many people to try LST as you can and
as many people to try LST as you can and so we started running Halls we called
so we started running Halls we called the thing the acid test and the band of
the thing the acid test and the band of course was known as the warlocks as time
course was known as the warlocks as time went on they Chang their name to the
went on they Chang their name to the Grateful
Grateful [Music]
[Music] Dead LSD was not an illegal drug when
Dead LSD was not an illegal drug when key held these acid test as they were
key held these acid test as they were known they'd have two Vats one was punch
known they'd have two Vats one was punch and one was punch with LSD he asset test
and one was punch with LSD he asset test were like a party the scene is a lot of
were like a party the scene is a lot of light shows and music and people
light shows and music and people dancing and when the dead were playing
dancing and when the dead were playing it was a way to feel that acid in
it was a way to feel that acid in waves and I looked down and I saw kids
waves and I looked down and I saw kids in front of me moving to the music they
in front of me moving to the music they looked up at me and I
looked up at me and I said
[Applause] [Music]
[Music] yeah the drug culture really took hold
yeah the drug culture really took hold and that's where artists whether was a
and that's where artists whether was a Grateful Dead Or Jefferson Airplane were
Grateful Dead Or Jefferson Airplane were able to embrace it and put it in their
able to embrace it and put it in their music the counterculture in California
music the counterculture in California is born because more and more people
is born because more and more people then want to try to experience what key
then want to try to experience what key experience and he became the kind of
experience and he became the kind of Grand Puba of the carnival of San
Grand Puba of the carnival of San Francisco in the' 60s there's nothing U
Francisco in the' 60s there's nothing U grown up or sophisticated in taking an
grown up or sophisticated in taking an LSD trip at all they're just being
LSD trip at all they're just being complete fools
CBS news without any flowers in its hair is in San Francisco because this city
is in San Francisco because this city has gained the reputation of being the
has gained the reputation of being the hippie capital of the
hippie capital of the [Music]
[Music] world I got accepted in San Francisco
world I got accepted in San Francisco State and I found an apartment at haon
State and I found an apartment at haon Clayton Street right in the center of
Clayton Street right in the center of what would become the hate Ashbury the
what would become the hate Ashbury the psych iic shop on ha Street started just
psych iic shop on ha Street started just over a year ago it spreads the gospel of
over a year ago it spreads the gospel of a dreamy new Utopia based on brotherhood
a dreamy new Utopia based on brotherhood and love and LSD so all the people out
and love and LSD so all the people out there that are that are confused and
there that are that are confused and hungry for some kind of spiritual
hungry for some kind of spiritual meaning life that's why all these people
meaning life that's why all these people are down here that's why there's so much
are down here that's why there's so much interest in the hate ashar because it
interest in the hate ashar because it offers some kind of hope we moved up and
offers some kind of hope we moved up and lived right down the street from the
lived right down the street from the psychedelic shop and people were growing
psychedelic shop and people were growing their hair along they were wearing beads
their hair along they were wearing beads they were playing music on the street it
they were playing music on the street it was just an incredible environment at
was just an incredible environment at that point at the beginning that's when
that point at the beginning that's when it was just like one big giant family
it was just like one big giant family before you knew it it was a congregating
before you knew it it was a congregating place for artists and the dividing line
place for artists and the dividing line seemed to be the Psychedelic experience
seemed to be the Psychedelic experience you couldn't understand the posters you
you couldn't understand the posters you couldn't understand the Fashions you
couldn't understand the Fashions you couldn't understand anything if you
couldn't understand anything if you hadn't gotten high the diggers group
hadn't gotten high the diggers group scres food and money to feed free those
scres food and money to feed free those who arrive in panhandle Park with a bowl
who arrive in panhandle Park with a bowl and an appetite diggers are people who
and an appetite diggers are people who share says their Manifesto and their aim
share says their Manifesto and their aim is a society where everything is shared
is a society where everything is shared everything free the diggers were one of
everything free the diggers were one of the first groups that were into social
the first groups that were into social Consciousness about what was needed to
Consciousness about what was needed to take care of this huge group of people
take care of this huge group of people that were coming into the ha ashburg
that were coming into the ha ashburg their free shop looks more like a
their free shop looks more like a playground at First Sight here they make
playground at First Sight here they make sheets and clothes for other hippies who
sheets and clothes for other hippies who can come and take what they want without
can come and take what they want without paying anything for it everything in the
paying anything for it everything in the store was free tools clothing
store was free tools clothing televisions and so we were inviting
televisions and so we were inviting people to imagine a way of life that
people to imagine a way of life that would please them and then to make it
would please them and then to make it real by doing it what we're thinking
real by doing it what we're thinking about as a peaceful Planet we're not
about as a peaceful Planet we're not thinking about anything else we're not
thinking about anything else we're not thinking about any kind of power we're
thinking about any kind of power we're not thinking about any of those kind of
not thinking about any of those kind of struggles we're not thinking about
struggles we're not thinking about Revolution or war or any of that that's
Revolution or war or any of that that's not what we want nobody wants to get
not what we want nobody wants to get hurt nobody wants to hurt anybody we
hurt nobody wants to hurt anybody we would all like to be able to live an
would all like to be able to live an uncluttered life a simple life a good
uncluttered life a simple life a good life you know and like think about
life you know and like think about moving the whole human race ahead a step
moving the whole human race ahead a step or a few steps we wanted to learn more
or a few steps we wanted to learn more about the real meaning of life why are
about the real meaning of life why are we here certainly not to kill each other
we here certainly not to kill each other but here to celebrate life to make music
but here to celebrate life to make music and do art and love each
and do art and love each other these people are hippies they
other these people are hippies they represent a new form of social
represent a new form of social Rebellion it is hard to figure out what
Rebellion it is hard to figure out what positive things they are in favor of
positive things they are in favor of the reason we can no longer identify
the reason we can no longer identify with the kinds of activities that that
with the kinds of activities that that the older generation are engaged in is
the older generation are engaged in is because those activities are are for us
because those activities are are for us meaningless uh they have led to a uh uh
meaningless uh they have led to a uh uh a monstrous war in Vietnam for example
a monstrous war in Vietnam for example we did want change from war from rigid
we did want change from war from rigid ideas of what the Sexes ought to be
ideas of what the Sexes ought to be doing a change from black people ought
doing a change from black people ought to be here and white people ought to be
to be here and white people ought to be here no why can't we try and make that
here no why can't we try and make that work the hate ashbery Community has
work the hate ashbery Community has created the council for a Summer of Love
created the council for a Summer of Love in San Francisco the council is calling
in San Francisco the council is calling for Creative love happenings for every
for Creative love happenings for every weekend throughout the summer we ask all
weekend throughout the summer we ask all who come here to come here in love and
who come here to come here in love and we ask all who live here to greet all
we ask all who live here to greet all men with love they at their best are
men with love they at their best are trying for a kind of group sainthood and
trying for a kind of group sainthood and Saints running in groups are likely to
Saints running in groups are likely to be
be ludicrous they depend on hallucination
ludicrous they depend on hallucination for their philosophy this is not a new
for their philosophy this is not a new idea and it has never
idea and it has never worked it was sort of a divide of
worked it was sort of a divide of generations a lot of mistrust young
generations a lot of mistrust young people didn't uh trust old people old
people didn't uh trust old people old people didn't understand young people
people didn't understand young people what's so offensive about long hair it
what's so offensive about long hair it looks sloppy
[Applause] just it doesn't it doesn't differentiate
just it doesn't it doesn't differentiate the boys from the girls enough we didn't
the boys from the girls enough we didn't call ourselves hippies the hippies are a
call ourselves hippies the hippies are a fabrication they were an attempt to
fabrication they were an attempt to diminish young adults and infantilizes
diminish young adults and infantilizes and it certainly serves to exclude the
and it certainly serves to exclude the people that were deeply thoughtful about
people that were deeply thoughtful about the world that were ready to dedicate
the world that were ready to dedicate their lives to making change and that
their lives to making change and that questioned the Paradigm of materialism
questioned the Paradigm of materialism look around you nothing
look around you nothing works the only thing where a kid is
works the only thing where a kid is presented with is when you grow up look
presented with is when you grow up look you know uh you can join the Army you
you know uh you can join the Army you can go to War you can get a gig working
can go to War you can get a gig working as an engineer and become a vegetable
as an engineer and become a vegetable and drive to work in your own car your
and drive to work in your own car your own big metal box and you know just it
own big metal box and you know just it looks absurd you know people in their
looks absurd you know people in their metal boxes like this going all over
metal boxes like this going all over from job to job frustrated uptight
from job to job frustrated uptight uh what Joy is there in life life should
uh what Joy is there in life life should be life is should is and should be
be life is should is and should be ecstasy the counterculture had the
ecstasy the counterculture had the arrogance to tell everybody else what
arrogance to tell everybody else what they were doing is wrong and nobody
they were doing is wrong and nobody likes that it's estimated that anywhere
likes that it's estimated that anywhere from 10 to 200,000 youngsters May pour
from 10 to 200,000 youngsters May pour in to hate ashy this summer many people
in to hate ashy this summer many people are apprehensive they fear that black
are apprehensive they fear that black power or other political activist groups
power or other political activist groups may use hate Street as a stage setting
may use hate Street as a stage setting for riots hate Ashbury cannot handle
for riots hate Ashbury cannot handle 100,000 because there isn't room the
100,000 because there isn't room the tension between the government and the
tension between the government and the people began to be evident nobody should
people began to be evident nobody should let their young children come into San
let their young children come into San Francisco go unsupervised to become a
Francisco go unsupervised to become a part of a group such as that they're
part of a group such as that they're fascist as far as I'm concerned and they
fascist as far as I'm concerned and they they don't they don't like hippies and
they don't they don't like hippies and they don't like the things we do and
they don't like the things we do and they try to harass us and bother us in
they try to harass us and bother us in some way their Revolutions a war between
some way their Revolutions a war between Generations the hippie's rallying cry is
Generations the hippie's rallying cry is never trust anyone over 30 the war of
never trust anyone over 30 the war of youth culture Against The Establishment
youth culture Against The Establishment is in full swing on every front about
is in full swing on every front about four policemen and a plane cloan came in
four policemen and a plane cloan came in and said everybody get out everybody get
and said everybody get out everybody get out the store is closed they wouldn't
out the store is closed they wouldn't give a reason they wouldn't identify you
give a reason they wouldn't identify you know under what uh premise they were
know under what uh premise they were doing this when we asked them they
doing this when we asked them they started pushing people around they
started pushing people around they pushed people physically out of the
pushed people physically out of the store the mayor is this is really very
store the mayor is this is really very Insidious what he's up to he wants to
Insidious what he's up to he wants to stop human growth the hippie leaders say
stop human growth the hippie leaders say all will be well flower power will
all will be well flower power will prevail they say it will be a Summer of
prevail they say it will be a Summer of Love a great pilgrimage hopefully
Love a great pilgrimage hopefully they'll be right if it's necessary to
they'll be right if it's necessary to bring in National Guard I'll bring in
bring in National Guard I'll bring in National Guard I'll use whatever force
National Guard I'll use whatever force is
necessary we now seem to be witnessing in this country and elsewhere an intense
in this country and elsewhere an intense preoccupation with the pursuit of
preoccupation with the pursuit of pleasure call it Hedonism call it
pleasure call it Hedonism call it self-gratification call it what you will
self-gratification call it what you will you cannot avoid noticing it you may not
you cannot avoid noticing it you may not like it you may not accept it but you
like it you may not accept it but you cannot ignore it a change in Morality
cannot ignore it a change in Morality mil
mil high and when touch
high and when touch down
down you turn on tune in drop
you turn on tune in drop out I spent some time in New York and I
out I spent some time in New York and I spent some time in London and I'm here
spent some time in London and I'm here to tell you it's happening all
to tell you it's happening all over in any large city there were other
over in any large city there were other hate Ash Brees which people could point
hate Ash Brees which people could point to see we're on the map we're big and
to see we're on the map we're big and we're far more interesting than what you
we're far more interesting than what you all have to
all have to [Music]
offer how do you answer the questions of parents who are concerned about the use
parents who are concerned about the use of LSD and marijuana for their children
of LSD and marijuana for their children these are young people who are hungering
these are young people who are hungering for older people for their parents to
for older people for their parents to listen to them these these youngsters
listen to them these these youngsters want to share with their parents the uh
want to share with their parents the uh Grandeur and the glory that they are
Grandeur and the glory that they are encountering and perhaps uh eventually
encountering and perhaps uh eventually when you're spiritually ready you'll
when you're spiritually ready you'll turn on with your children if you think
turn on with your children if you think that's the right thing to
that's the right thing to [Music]
[Music] do montere pop it was the absolute
do montere pop it was the absolute ultimate lovein
ultimate lovein [Music]
looking the best Festival that I've played pretty much ever is uh mod pop f
montere hit like lightning popular music was changing and it become something
was changing and it become something different and there was a whole new
different and there was a whole new generation of people that wanted to
generation of people that wanted to march with it it said get on board we're
march with it it said get on board we're leaving
leaving town we you going
town we you going to and I want you love you I want to
to and I want you love you I want to love
love you
long oh yeah you realize this is Janice Joplin before
you realize this is Janice Joplin before she was known before she'd ever done her
she was known before she'd ever done her first album before she'd ever done her
first album before she'd ever done her first
[Music] single it's just music at its freshest
single it's just music at its freshest it's music that is just being born and
it's music that is just being born and the audience was like
the audience was like [Music]
[Music] [Applause]
beab honey love is like a
is like a ball and in a ches
ball and in a ches [Music]
everything was love and peace and music and the policeman who was in charge
and the policeman who was in charge brought flowers out to his men and he
brought flowers out to his men and he said don't bust anybody montere was that
said don't bust anybody montere was that hippie dream come true culture was
hippie dream come true culture was changing the hippie movement it was
changing the hippie movement it was swaying the
swaying the mainstream this is where the youngsters
mainstream this is where the youngsters come to buy their clothes and not just
come to buy their clothes and not just the youngsters it's the young adults and
the youngsters it's the young adults and the men who are 40 50 and even 60 years
the men who are 40 50 and even 60 years old in the states pot is going middle
old in the states pot is going middle class and spreading like prohibition
class and spreading like prohibition liquor as more and more citizens get
liquor as more and more citizens get zonked out of their minds the drug cult
zonked out of their minds the drug cult enters the bloodstream of American life
enters the bloodstream of American life like it or not we're living in the
like it or not we're living in the stoned age at its best the
stoned age at its best the counterculture came in with hard punches
counterculture came in with hard punches to the mainstream culture people have
to the mainstream culture people have already changed their minds about
already changed their minds about contraception abortion premarital sex
contraception abortion premarital sex the 1960s were absolutely a sexual
the 1960s were absolutely a sexual Revolution because of the pill women
Revolution because of the pill women could take charge of their own bodies
could take charge of their own bodies that they could be sexual that they
that they could be sexual that they didn't have to get pregnant everything
didn't have to get pregnant everything sort of coalesces sort of The Perfect
sort of coalesces sort of The Perfect Storm of societal forces come together
Storm of societal forces come together here if you love somebody and people
here if you love somebody and people here love everybody if you want to make
here love everybody if you want to make love to somebody then you should there's
love to somebody then you should there's no reason why you shouldn't free love
no reason why you shouldn't free love was all well and good and there was a
was all well and good and there was a lot of accidental
lot of accidental sex but we didn't look at it as Hedonism
sex but we didn't look at it as Hedonism people were just so open to each other
people were just so open to each other and and life was beautiful you know and
and and life was beautiful you know and people weren't judgmental
people weren't judgmental the mainstream young people for telling
the mainstream young people for telling their parents you've been prohibiting my
their parents you've been prohibiting my sexual freedom in the Puritan work ethic
sexual freedom in the Puritan work ethic is bunk it was clear the rules were
is bunk it was clear the rules were changing and the rules were really that
changing and the rules were really that there were no
[Music] rules this CNN original series The 6s is
rules this CNN original series The 6s is brought to you by go long.com
brought to you by go long.com [Music]
hey uh the topic tonight is the hippies we have with us uh Mr J Jack Kwak over
we have with us uh Mr J Jack Kwak over here who is said to have started the
here who is said to have started the whole Beat Generation business Jack Kwak
whole Beat Generation business Jack Kwak never wanted to be a prophet he wanted
never wanted to be a prophet he wanted to be a great American writer but Fame
to be a great American writer but Fame destroys people in America to what
destroys people in America to what extent do you believe that the Beat
extent do you believe that the Beat Generation is
Generation is related to the to the hippies what do
related to the to the hippies what do they have in common was this an
they have in common was this an evolution from the one to the other just
evolution from the one to the other just the older ones yeah I'm 46 years old
the older ones yeah I'm 46 years old these kids are 18 the B generation was a
these kids are 18 the B generation was a a generation of beatitude and pleasure
a generation of beatitude and pleasure in life and
in life and tenderness I believe in
tenderness I believe in order and
order and piety here's the progenitor really of
piety here's the progenitor really of the counterculture kind of disowning his
the counterculture kind of disowning his own babies and try to make sense of a
own babies and try to make sense of a decade the 60s that he didn't feel um
decade the 60s that he didn't feel um parried to apparently some kind of Dion
parried to apparently some kind of Dion Ian movement and which I did not intend
Ian movement and which I did not intend this was pure in my
this was pure in my heart
heart all all sorts of people have been
all all sorts of people have been writing various articles about the
writing various articles about the hippies usually about the hippies as if
hippies usually about the hippies as if they were animals something to look at
they were animals something to look at thus we've got gotten hundreds and
thus we've got gotten hundreds and literally thousands of people coming up
literally thousands of people coming up to ha Ashbury to watch people makes hate
to ha Ashbury to watch people makes hate Ashbury uh a terribly unpleasant place
Ashbury uh a terribly unpleasant place to be
to be in the news got out about the hate
in the news got out about the hate ashbery it became overrun we're now
ashbery it became overrun we're now entering what is known as the largest
entering what is known as the largest hippie colony in the world Fountain Head
hippie colony in the world Fountain Head of the hippie
of the hippie subculture the nickname is Hash berries
subculture the nickname is Hash berries and marijuana of course
and marijuana of course with
with LSD is being
LSD is being used literally people made the trip to
used literally people made the trip to San Francisco to be a part of something
San Francisco to be a part of something but by the time they got there that trip
but by the time they got there that trip was
over this is the latest stage in the evolution of the hippie movement the
evolution of the hippie movement the hippies are trying to get away so they
hippies are trying to get away so they go out to a cabin in the countryside and
go out to a cabin in the countryside and start a commune here they can get away
start a commune here they can get away from the tourists and the reporters who
from the tourists and the reporters who Badger them in San Francisco
Badger them in San Francisco communes have started and this is really
communes have started and this is really what the hippie movement was all about
what the hippie movement was all about an idea of sharing everything clothes
an idea of sharing everything clothes and food and everything people could
and food and everything people could just help themselves you know we lived
just help themselves you know we lived communally because it was the cheapest
communally because it was the cheapest way to live a lot of people began to
way to live a lot of people began to clarify and simplify their lives what
clarify and simplify their lives what will follow this dispersal of the hippie
will follow this dispersal of the hippie movement to the countryside is hard to
movement to the countryside is hard to predict they may be as they say coming
predict they may be as they say coming here to build the foundations for a new
here to build the foundations for a new Society in this nation
Society in this nation or they may be coming like the woolly
or they may be coming like the woolly mammoth to find their own
mammoth to find their own Extinction down where the
Extinction down where the woodwi that's where I meet my love down
woodwi that's where I meet my love down where the Sun never shine down in the
where the Sun never shine down in the woods where the wood
woods where the wood B I was working for the New York Times
B I was working for the New York Times in the cat skills and it were just a
in the cat skills and it were just a couple of us going up there as we went
couple of us going up there as we went north of the city we began to run into
north of the city we began to run into traffic jams I found a Say cop I what
traffic jams I found a Say cop I what the hell is going on he says I don't
the hell is going on he says I don't know there were thousands of people here
know there were thousands of people here and they're all going to some
and they're all going to some farm and it was of course
farm and it was of course [Music]
[Music] Woodstock I think Woodstock was an
Woodstock I think Woodstock was an opportunity for people to realize they
opportunity for people to realize they weren't alone a lot of people who in
weren't alone a lot of people who in their Hometown or in their family felt
their Hometown or in their family felt isolated realized they weren't
isolated realized they weren't the town's people quite frankly were
the town's people quite frankly were terrified at the prospect of the hippy
terrified at the prospect of the hippy arrival I is apprehensive this little
arrival I is apprehensive this little Hamlet has a population of under 100
Hamlet has a population of under 100 people when I started hearing the
people when I started hearing the figures of 200,000 300 finally 500,000
figures of 200,000 300 finally 500,000 we had a sea of people
we had a sea of people there the word got out everybody in
there the word got out everybody in their brother came from all over the
their brother came from all over the country
first the sudden rain then the thirst and hunger from the shortage of water
and hunger from the shortage of water and food just for the opportunity to
and food just for the opportunity to spend a few days in the country getting
spend a few days in the country getting stoned on their drugs and grooving on
stoned on their drugs and grooving on the music we got together and had a
the music we got together and had a little pow out about what are we going
little pow out about what are we going to do to feed these people we went into
to do to feed these people we went into New York and buying 1500 lb of buer weed
New York and buying 1500 lb of buer weed 1500 lb of rolled oats 130,000 paper
1500 lb of rolled oats 130,000 paper plates 130,000 Dixie Cups and I believe
plates 130,000 Dixie Cups and I believe we ser served 200,000 people by now
we ser served 200,000 people by now there are tens of millions of people who
there are tens of millions of people who feel themselves to be an irresistible
feel themselves to be an irresistible River of change and you get something
River of change and you get something incandescent fre
incandescent fre freedom
freedom freedom
freedom freedom
freedom freedom
freedom freedom
freedom freedom freedom
freedom freedom freedom
freedom freedom
freedom freom
freom freedom
freedom [Music]
[Music] freedom
freedom freed
freed freed
Freedom we'd had lovein in LA on the weekends where everybody gets dressed up
weekends where everybody gets dressed up and goes to the park and brings an
and goes to the park and brings an instrument but to see hundreds of
instrument but to see hundreds of thousands of people like a meeting of
thousands of people like a meeting of all the tribe from all over the country
all the tribe from all over the country boy we didn't know there were so many of
boy we didn't know there were so many of us that felt the
same we must be in heaven man a rock music festival that Drew
man a rock music festival that Drew hundreds of thousands of young people to
hundreds of thousands of young people to a dairy farm in White Lake New York over
a dairy farm in White Lake New York over the weekend came to an end today
the weekend came to an end today admittedly there was marijuana as well
admittedly there was marijuana as well as music at the rock festival but there
as music at the rock festival but there was also no rioting what did not happen
was also no rioting what did not happen at that dairy farm is possibly more
at that dairy farm is possibly more significant than what did happen these
significant than what did happen these long-haired mostly white kids in their
long-haired mostly white kids in their blue jeans and sandals were no wide-eyed
blue jeans and sandals were no wide-eyed anarchists looking for trouble they
anarchists looking for trouble they remained polite residents and Resorts
remained polite residents and Resorts freely emptied their cupboards for the
freely emptied their cupboards for the kids Merchants were stunned by their
kids Merchants were stunned by their politeness and while such a spectacle
politeness and while such a spectacle may never happen again it has recorded
may never happen again it has recorded the growing proportions of this youthful
the growing proportions of this youthful culture in the mind of adult America
culture in the mind of adult America whenever you see a phenomenon especially
whenever you see a phenomenon especially if you're living in it at the time you
if you're living in it at the time you tend to think that's the arrival this is
tend to think that's the arrival this is the dawning and the start of something
the dawning and the start of something new unfortunately Woodstock just marked
new unfortunately Woodstock just marked the end of
it is this going to be Woodstock West well it's going to be San
Francisco Woodstock was followed by Altimont you know only a few months
Altimont you know only a few months later and there couldn't have been two
later and there couldn't have been two more different concerts
the we had had the Hell's Angels be security at a number of free in the Park
security at a number of free in the Park concerts that we had done and they were
concerts that we had done and they were fine they were funny they were doing
fine they were funny they were doing what they were supposed to do so we
what they were supposed to do so we suggested using Hell's Angels
suggested using Hell's Angels [Music]
what happened was a lot of speed and alcohol that's a deadly combination for
alcohol that's a deadly combination for [Music]
[Music] bikers
bikers Qui Marty said the FW to one of the
Qui Marty said the FW to one of the Hell's Angels while we were on stage the
Hell's Angels while we were on stage the Hell's Angel knocks him down that was
Hell's Angel knocks him down that was just the beginning I'd like to mention
just the beginning I'd like to mention that the Hell's Angels just uh smashed
that the Hell's Angels just uh smashed Marty Balon in the face knocked him out
Marty Balon in the face knocked him out for a bit I'd like to thank you for that
for a bit I'd like to thank you for that you're talking to me I'm going to talk
you're talking to me I'm going to talk to you not talking to you man I'm
to you not talking to you man I'm talking to the people that hit my lead
talking to the people that hit my lead singer in head you're talking to my
singer in head you're talking to my people now let me tell you what's
people now let me tell you what's happening you what's
happening no makes you
no makes you larger and one p makes you
larger and one p makes you small and the ones that mother gives you
small and the ones that mother gives you don't do anything
oh that's what the story is here yeah oh bummer really I mean like get scary
bummer really I mean like get scary who's doing all the
who's doing all the beel angel are doing beat musicians got
beel angel are doing beat musicians got [Music]
[Applause] [Music]
[Music]
up when we left it was dark and the Rolling Stones were on and we were on a
Rolling Stones were on and we were on a helicopter
helicopter Paul cner looked down he said wow it
Paul cner looked down he said wow it looks like somebody's getting killed
looks like somebody's getting killed down there he was right they were
down there he was right they were [Applause]
[Applause] [Music]
[Music] [Applause]
in California five members of a so-called religious cult including
so-called religious cult including Charles Manson The Guru or high priest
Charles Manson The Guru or high priest have been indicted in the murder of
have been indicted in the murder of Sharon Tate and six others all the
Sharon Tate and six others all the elements are present for one of the most
elements are present for one of the most Sensational murder trials in American
Sensational murder trials in American history seven people brutally murdered
history seven people brutally murdered in a glare of Hollywood publicity the
in a glare of Hollywood publicity the involvement of a mystical hippie Clan
involvement of a mystical hippie Clan which despised the straight affluent
which despised the straight affluent society young girls supposedly under the
society young girls supposedly under the spell of a bearded sengal who allegedly
spell of a bearded sengal who allegedly masterminded the seven
murders honey what sun shining this morning it is yeah Charles Manson
morning it is yeah Charles Manson cleverly masqueraded behind the common
cleverly masqueraded behind the common image of being a hippie goes up to the
image of being a hippie goes up to the hate ashb District surrounds himself
hate ashb District surrounds himself with a young bunch of followers their
with a young bunch of followers their lifestyle was sex orgies and LSD trips
lifestyle was sex orgies and LSD trips eventually he gets him mass murder for
eventually he gets him mass murder for him with blood the killer had scrolled
him with blood the killer had scrolled on the refrigerator door or the words
on the refrigerator door or the words death to pigs you see prior to these
death to pigs you see prior to these murders no one Associated hippies with
murders no one Associated hippies with violence and murder people would pick up
violence and murder people would pick up a hitchhiking hippie there was there was
a hitchhiking hippie there was there was no big deal but after the Manson Murders
no big deal but after the Manson Murders you saw a hippie with long hair
you saw a hippie with long hair hitchhiking and the image of Manson
hitchhiking and the image of Manson would enter the driver's mind and they'
would enter the driver's mind and they' drive right
drive right by by the time of Charles Manson and
by by the time of Charles Manson and watching altmont and seeing what
watching altmont and seeing what happened there it symbolizes the drained
happened there it symbolizes the drained idealism of the spiritual quest of the
idealism of the spiritual quest of the beats and early
beats and early hippies today the magic is gone aimless
hippies today the magic is gone aimless and disorganized the hippies have fallen
and disorganized the hippies have fallen prey to their own free spirit free love
prey to their own free spirit free love free drugs and too much free publicity
free drugs and too much free publicity have gradually corrupted them has
have gradually corrupted them has something happened to ha Ashbury since
something happened to ha Ashbury since last year we we hear it's not the same
last year we we hear it's not the same place well no it isn't the lovein
place well no it isn't the lovein brought more and more people and then
brought more and more people and then people who are really just bums and just
people who are really just bums and just were trying to get into a good thing you
were trying to get into a good thing you know free food free everything and so
know free food free everything and so they just came in you know and a lot of
they just came in you know and a lot of really rotten people and so now you've
really rotten people and so now you've really got a bad thing I mean it used to
really got a bad thing I mean it used to be you could set your stuff down beside
be you could set your stuff down beside the road nobody would touch it and now
the road nobody would touch it and now it got so you couldn't even put your
it got so you couldn't even put your your things inside of a building
your things inside of a building somebody would come along and take
somebody would come along and take everything you had well one day I I woke
everything you had well one day I I woke up very hungry and you know very dirty
up very hungry and you know very dirty and tired and disgusted so I decided you
and tired and disgusted so I decided you know get a job and settle down I get
know get a job and settle down I get serious Joe's job is making jewelry he's
serious Joe's job is making jewelry he's been taking a six-month course to learn
been taking a six-month course to learn how it was hard in the beginning getting
how it was hard in the beginning getting up at 8:00 every morning and doing all
up at 8:00 every morning and doing all those changes Joe bought the suit
those changes Joe bought the suit uncomfortable though it looked will he
uncomfortable though it looked will he be equally uncomfortable in his new life
be equally uncomfortable in his new life there have been generation gaps before
there have been generation gaps before but today's is probably the widest yet
but today's is probably the widest yet can the Jo of America bridge the gap and
can the Jo of America bridge the gap and conform without Society making
conform without Society making concessions in
concessions in return I'd say there was a common
return I'd say there was a common element in the counterculture of people
element in the counterculture of people trying to invent a new world but people
trying to invent a new world but people mature sure their point of view gets
mature sure their point of view gets more nuanced the costs start to come due
more nuanced the costs start to come due children come into the world that idea
children come into the world that idea of sex drugs and rock and roll it's a
of sex drugs and rock and roll it's a youth dream then youth dies yet our
youth dream then youth dies yet our mainstream culture took what it needed
mainstream culture took what it needed from the hippies the actual movement of
from the hippies the actual movement of the 60s was the movement towards
the 60s was the movement towards something more authentic in the 60s we
something more authentic in the 60s we thought of other people as part of our
thought of other people as part of our own family we were into caring for
own family we were into caring for society as a whole this is what the
society as a whole this is what the revolution is all about Mercy is better
revolution is all about Mercy is better than Justice the carrot is better than
than Justice the carrot is better than the stick and the most important lesson
the stick and the most important lesson is be kind be
is be kind be kind to me every day was a high
kind to me every day was a high Watermark we played music all day long
Watermark we played music all day long we worked we did not have jobs it was
we worked we did not have jobs it was the most Carefree period of my life
the most Carefree period of my life Dylan has this great line in an early
Dylan has this great line in an early song he says I wish I wish I wish in
song he says I wish I wish I wish in vain that we could sit simply in that
vain that we could sit simply in that room again $1,000 at the drop of a hat
room again $1,000 at the drop of a hat I'd give it all gladly if our lives
I'd give it all gladly if our lives could be like that
[Music] the Day begin the day start
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