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Lec-15: Types of Attributes in ER Model | Full Concept | DBMS in Hindi | Gate Smashers | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: Lec-15: Types of Attributes in ER Model | Full Concept | DBMS in Hindi
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Summary
Core Theme
This content explains the different types of attributes used in Entity-Relationship (ER) models and relational databases, focusing on their characteristics and representations.
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Hello Friends, Welcome to Gate Smashers. The Topics is types of attributes.
in relational databases.
or we can say type of attributes
in Entity relationship models
mean basically this part, this topic,
comes more in entity relationship
as compare to the relational model.
But yes you can compare for both also.
So in the type of attributes,
first attribute I have
Single Vs multi valued attribute
means what is attribute, actually?
Attribute is any entity, we had discused,
let's say student is an entity,
About the student entity,
Those who are explaining the student's
characteristics or properties.
What are they?
Attributes
Which shows that yes
It belongs to a student entity
What can be the attributes of the student entity?
Like student's name, student's roll
number, registration number, father name,
address, mobile number.
There can be a lot of tribute.
Now we're kind of them.
I mean, they are
We are checking if it's a single attribute
Or multi valued attribute.
So if we talk about single attribute,
then it is known by name.
Attribute whose value will be one
mean there will be only one value for a attribute,
you can not have more than
two value for a attribute.
What kind of attribute for a student?
Its a simple attribute, let's say
If you talk about the registration number
in a university.
There will always be a
registration number of a student.
This means a student cannot have
two registrations number
Because Registration Number Itself.
Identifies.
Who is this student?
Means in a university,
it can be possible that the Student's name is same,
the father's name is also same,
the address can also be same.
But what things will be different?
Registration number.
So the registration number is only
single attribute, single valued attribute
It doesn't mean only registration number.
Age can also be possible,
there are a lot of attributes.
But we just have to disscus an example,
so that you have although this topic is very Simple.
But you'll find out once.
So you can use it easily.
If it is being asked in the exam.
So you can easily explain about it.
so multi-valued attribute means
Where not only a value,
you have more than two values
so how can we give its example. Let's say
mobile number.
Student can have more than
One mobile number or address also.
Student can have more than one address
One is permanent address
and other is correspondence address.
So this what,
a multi-valued attribute
but how we represent multi-valued
attribute in the ER model?
With double eclipse.
For Normal or single attribute represent in single eclipse
and this one in double eclipse,
so this is multi valued attribute which
also has more than one value in the table
or whose more than one value can exist.
Then, Simple Vs. Composite. Simple means
Which cannot be broken further
means that is itself simple
we can't further divide it.
Like if we talk about
Age of the student
If we talk about age or student.
Why is it simple in the age?
Because If I said, the age of a student is 20
So you can't divide it further.
That one value is fixed. That is what 20.
It Cannot be further
Divided.
But what is Composite Attribute?
Composite attribute is actually which is
Composed of
More than one value means if student's name
Let's say, student's name
So the student's name
is actually composed
the first name, middle name,
last name of the student, means
Actually, There is a student name,
but the student name is what, actually it is a,
You can also say, composite attribute
or the compound attribute.
So the student name is further,
It can be further divided.
First name
Middle name
Last name.
This is the
Simple process.
Then Stored Vs derived attribute.
Stores attributes means
Such attribute witch cannot be
Derived means Whose value are
fixed, stored in them,
such as the date of birth.
Date of Birth, Student's Date of Birth.
Student's date of birth,
If I wrote down a value, I wrote,
You can't derive it from anywhere.
Whatever the student said
that my date of birth is this.
So that date of birth I'll mention here.
But
The name derived is known by the name of it,
the means whose value is not known.
We're actually deriving it,
means we know the value of any other attribute
From that attribute we are deriving
That's called the derived attribute.
In the case of the student,
Derived attribute can be age.
Age can be the Derived attribute also.
So how can we derive the age?
Age if I know that the student's
date of birth is this
And today's date is this.
So by minus it from the date of birth,
we can find out what it is the actual age.
Now a days, on the lot of web pages
If you check the web page,
it's written like this.
Enter your Date of Birth,
when you enter the Date of Birth.
Click the Tab
At the bottom, automatically comes in the age option,
year or month
means that column fill itself
that means the system calculates
automatically by minus from the date that
What is the age.
And the important part is.
So, How do we Represent the stored attribute?
Like Normal
There is not any
Specific Representation for This.
but there is a representation for derived.
Derived actually represented with
We represented it with dotted eclipse.
means whatever attribute you feel.
We can derive it.
Like if I talk about the course.
An entity is course.
Course ID, Course Name,
Course start date, Course Duration.
So I can find the end date of the course,
how?
If I have the start date of the course,
let's say
Course will be Starting from 2018
and the duration of the course is 4 years
So I will know that course will end in 2022.
means 4 years you add to it.
You need to.
you don't need to specify that
you can find easily
From already existing attributes.
So this is the simple concept of
Derived attribute
but important point here to remember
that how we represent, that is Dotted Eclipse.
Then key and non key attribute.
what is key attribute
Here I want to put the star mark
because key attribute is very important.
These three above, if you know once,
you will not forget it.
It's easy.
You can easily find it.
But you won't get any such question.
Tell me if this attribute is simple
or a composite, your brain IQ will work.
You can easily find it,
but what's actually the key attribute?
By the name, its known. What is a key,
Key attribute is a attribute which is used to
uniquely identity each and every row.
Means may be in a college or in a university,
there is a Student's data.
In the student's data,
Student's Name, Student's Father Name,
Address of the Student.
There can be all those columns
in which the value is same.
Maybe there can be a lot of student same in the university.
Father name can also be same,
address can also be same. But
An attribute
that will always
have a unique value.
Within which there will always be unique value.
We called it key attribute
means there is no repetition in it.
Like if you talk about the student's table.
So in the student table, the mobile number
Can be repeated, There are two brothers,
one has given his mobile number,
the younger brother has also given the same mobile number,
So repetition happened.
Or It could be that
Two siblings are studying,
one gave the mobile number of their parents
the other also gave the same mobile number.
It can be possible.
Date of Birth, Date of birth,
obviously a lot of studentsmay have same date of birth.
Student's name?
The name of the student, definitely.
Even if we see in a small class.
Then Even in the class,
the names of many students can be same.
If we talk about the university
or the big database,
there will be a lot of it.
Age definitely, many students in a
class room can have the same age
but what won't be same?
Registration number.
Now I am taking the registration number
of a particular university,
maybe in some university or college
the roll number are there.
So you can considered the roll number.
Different universities and colleges have their own rules.
Somewhere IDs are there.
somewhere SSN number works,
so here you can Easily understand,
what I mean to say,
that the registration number is actually
the number which always
Unique.
So we call the key attribute
as unique attribute.
and we represent it
with underline.
So key attribute is always represent with the Underline.
in ER model.
Non-key, Non key means ,
such attribute in which there is no unique value.
It's not always necessary to be unique.
Non-unique is also posible.
Like, what's all the rest, it's non-unique.
Means it can be a unique
or it cannot be a unique but
If an attribute is the key attribute.
Then that's the guarantee
that attribute will
always be a unique attribute.
But in the case of non-key,
May be some value may be same,
some value may not be same.
There is no guarantee,
but you will find only the guarantee here.
So reat of all, which attributes they are?
Non-key.
And We also represent non key attributes
as normal like with Normal eclipse.
Then required Vs Optional Attribute.
Actually it's not the part of ER model.
It does not comes in the ER model.
Yes, we use required attribute
in the Normal sequel.
The requirment means
Actually what is the meaning of REQUIRED?
Whose value is mandatory.
It comes many times, In web pages
we put the value many times.
It was written in it that the mobile number os requiered.
means if you skip it and.
Save the page.
then there a star mark is made in red
because that is mandatory field.
So this is what the
Meaning of required attribute
and optional means
Which you can even leave.
Means what's in the request, like if I say.
what will be required in the case of a student.
Student name,
The child who is coming to take admission
will not tell the name then,
No, So the name should be there.
Mobile number can also be a mandatory.
Even if it is not there but,
we took some other mobile number
or may be we put null value there
but in require like
name of the student that is always required
In Optional
Means we can leave it for once,
for the time being.
You can leave it, futher
sometime later if i have time then
i can fill that database like an address.
Or date of birth. if he didn't tell is,
then it doesn't matter.
It depends on different databases.
Maybe if you're applying for a passport.
There you will have to give the date of birth.
if you applying for another database.
means it depends, this is not a fix.
Depends on different case
& who actually decides.
Database Admin means
Actually, when we create a structure.
If we make a table, then in the structure
we mention the constraints.
I put this constraints, not null.
that no one can leave this value blank.
We will discuss this constraint further.
Here's just see the basics overview that,
required attribute means
whose value is Required and Representation.
Actually, this is not in ER model,
even if it is asked
So it has normal representation
There is no Specific Representation of it.
So this is all about basically,
what are the various types of Attributes.
One, one more is here
Composite.
Sorry complex, composite is already done.
Complex attributes. It is also several times
written complex attribute.
what is complex attribute basically,
which is composite
Plus multi valued.
Multi-valued.
Complex attribute which is Composite Plus
Multi valued.
Like if a student have
two residential addresses.
And two phone numbers of each
residential address.
So what happened at first?
I have the address here.
Address can be Composites.
How did the address composed?
Like, Street number.
In the address.
you can also call the address as composite
like we said student's name is composite.
In the same way,
address is also composite. Street number.
State.
City.
Anything. Mean you can further bifurcate it.
So means
An attribute that is
composite & also multi-valued.
Mixture of both.
That we called complex attributes.
So these are the Basic Attributes.
Many times, These can also be given
directly given to you in the exam.
If it has come.
Then this is your luck,
because there is not much complexity in it.
This is very Simple topic.
Thank you.
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