This content is a comprehensive revision guide for Design and Technology, covering key topics such as materials (plastics, wood, metals), manufacturing processes (joining metals), sustainability, and workshop safety, designed to help students improve their grades across all exam boards.
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hello and welcome to Mr Ridley's design
and Technology this is one hour of
design and Technology revision to boost
your grade and it's suitable for all
exam boards
okay before you start there are six
episodes you can get really comfortable
sit down and watch the lot or you can
skip through to any of the episodes
episode one is Plastics
episode 2 hand tools episode 3 joining
metals for sustainability then we have
episode 5 is a sustainability question
and last of all episode 6 is health and
safety so that's one hour of DT revision enjoy
episode one Plastics featuring
where plastic comes from types of
plastic thermosets and thermoplastics
and also the properties of plastic that
plastic is made from oil
that's the raw material that plastic
comes from
on the majority of plastics come from
what's important about that why is that
important first of all where did oil
come from we need to understand this
this is fundamental with plastics oil
was created millions of years ago in the
time of the dinosaurs it was sea
creatures and plants that fell to the
sea floor the bodies built up into
layers rock formed over them and the
pressure turned it into oil this was a
one-off thing
so oil was made a long time ago it would
take millions of years to make more so
plus oil is a finite resource plastic
from oil is a finite resource sooner or
later plastic made from oil will run out
it is not a sustainable product
the other issue of sustainability with
plastic is that many products made from
plastic are recyclable but a huge
proportion of these end up in landfill
that's the holes dug in the ground and
they are buried once the plastic is put
into landfill it will not biodegrade it
will not rot away so there's the two
issues in the exam if you're talking
about plastic it is not sustainable it
is not biodegradable
so let's look at the types of plastics
there are two major types of plastics
thermoplastics that can be melted and
reshaped over and over they can be
easily recycled
thermosetting Plastics once heated and
cooled they retain their form and they
are difficult to recycle they can be
recycled but they are much much more
difficult to recycle thermoplastics and
thermosetting Plastics
so the two main types of plastics first
of all we're going to look at
thermosetting Plastics
the two thermosetting Plastics we're
going to look at are urea formaldehyde
this is used for electrical casings it
if heated it gives off toxic fumes it's
got a brittle plastic it will crack it's
scratching stain resistant it's quite
strong it's generally used for plugs
electrical sockets because if it heats
up it doesn't it stays rigid
the next one polyester resin glue
polyester resin glue you might have used
it it's a very good resistance to
waterproof it's brittle but it's got
good chemical and heat resistance once
it's sets you can heat it it won't melt
or it won't soften
they are to thermosetting Plastics
now we're going to look at some
thermoplastics these can be melted
shaped over and over and they are much
more easily recycled
what is this plastic called this plastic
is an important one because you're going
to use it in school
many of you may have used it it is acrylic
acrylic
it has good impact strength it's
lightweight it can be polished it comes
in a range of colors it's important one
because you probably used it it comes up
and it is called thermoplastic what's
the name of this plastic
it's polythene
it is a thermoplastic it's tough
resistant to chemicals it's quite
flexible so it can be squeezed so it can
be in shampoo bottles it's a good
electrical conductor it can be recycled
but it's not the easiest one to recycle
and again most of the polythene and
things like plastic bags ends up in
landfill and it doesn't biodegrade
this plastic is pet
has got is excellent waterproof it's
very waterproof a good moisture and gas
barrier so it's good it's used for
drinks bottles it is the one of the most
this one is PVC
polyvinyl chloride it's a it's
recyclable it has very good chemical
resistance it is durable it's quite
tough It's lightweight and it has good
chemical resistance it's used for things
like pipes scattering plastic window
frames where the chemical resistance and
durability are great
attributes so that's PVC polyvinyl chloride
chloride
next we've got a very common plastic
hips high impact polystyrene another
thermoplastic is quite tough it does
crack but not easily it's got a high
impact strength and it's easily
injection molded
this plastic is used for higher quality
injection molding high quality toys
high quality plastic this is ABS
generally ABS products are higher
quality than hips so for example Lego
uses ABS because it's a glossier plastic
it's tough it has a much higher impact
strength it has a glossy High finish you
can it takes colors and keeps the color
very well but it is more expensive than hips
3D printing is an important development
in plastic it builds up the layers to
form a solid object it's
a cad process so it needs a computer it
needs the thing to be computer drawn but
the plastic that's 3D printing has
started to use is pla
pla is a very important plastic because
it is not derived from oil it is made
from Plants pla is a biopolymer
it is also biodegradable if you bury it
in the ground you come back in 100 years
it's gone it's turned to dirt and Pla is
used in 3D printers
when looking at Plastics you should know
these two terms plasticity that is the
ability to change shape without cracking
or bending and durability durability is
the ability of material to withstand
weathering deterioration
just to keep together so plasticity and durability
durability
they're very good
you need to remember these two and
Plastics name the two types of main
this plastic is
high impact resistance
makes high quality injection moldings
is resistant to many chemicals
this plastic is abs
this plastic
is widely recycled
is an excellent moisture and water barrier
barrier
is easily blow molding into bottles this
plastic is PT
this plastic
is very water resistant
is hard once dried
and once hard cannot easily be reformed
this plastic is
this plastic
is difficult to recycle
once heated and cooled cannot be easily reformed
reformed
and it's used for electrical fittings
this plastic is
what makes pla different from other
Plastics this is pla used for 3D
printing there's some 3D printing products
products
it doesn't come from oil
it is biodegradable
episode two this is hand tools featuring
measuring tools tools for wood and tools
for metal
measuring tools the first tools we're
going to look at are measuring tool so
they're the tools you'd probably use
First in a job in the workshop in
technology we use three different types
of measuring tools
a Vernia Cara caliper that is very
accurate and measures to 0.1
of a millimeter
a steel ruler that's pretty accurate you
can measure to about half a millimeter
on a steel ruler
and a measuring tape and that's fairly
accurate you'd measure to about one
millimeter accuracy so they're the three
measuring tools you would use in the workshop
the digital Vernier caliper in case you
haven't seen one of those it this part
slides open you put the whatever you're
going to measure in here in between
these jaws and you can measure internal
measurements there external there it
measures up to about 150 millimeters but
it measures very accurately so in here
this piece of aluminum is being measured
to two decimal places 33.25 you can see
that okay digital Vernier caliper
tools for wood we're going to look at
some hand tools for working with wood
number one coping saw you should know
this one this is used to make curved
Cuts in thin wood and plastic so you
shouldn't really cut steel with or metal
with the coping saw but it's curved Cuts
Like You can see there
tenants or it's quite simple used for
making straight cuts in wood and
manufactured board
try Square this is used to draw lines at
90 degrees to an edge so you put the
wood a piece of wood in against the edge
here and you can draw a line there and
it will be exactly 990 degrees try
Square three points square 90 degrees
there okay
bench hook used with a Tenon saw put a
piece of wood in push put pressure on
the wood there that's what the bench
hooks used for quite simple
wood Vice fixed to a bench to hold a
piece of wood while you're working at
them there's also metal vices but this
one is a wood Vise often has wooden Jaws
in there to protect the wood that is
steel rule we've looked at a steel rule
but that's used for wood and metal so
it's an important one just to measure
it's normally in centimeters or millimeters
millimeters
a wood plane the plane has a blade here
a sharp blade we just fixed at an angle
when you push it along with both hands
it shaves off a small you often get wood
shavings that go around here shaves off
thin strips of wood and leaves a smooth
finish can be also used to shape the
edges to put a bevel or an angle or a
curve on an edge of a piece of wood or
should always be used along the grain
that's a wood plane
screwdrivers lots of screwdrivers
different sizes screwdrivers they can be
this plain head or slotted that's a much
more traditional type of screwdriver and
of course there's posi Drive head this
is posi Drive head posi Drive sometimes
called cross head and this can PL apply
a much higher twisting force than a
slotted screwdriver without jumping out
okay so there's two different types of
screwdrivers that you might need to know
Mallet that's quite simple what the
Mallet is used for is using with wood and
and
um using to hit chisels it's certainly
not for hammering Nails because they
will just Dent into the wood here okay
that's a mallet and this one is a
pin hammer the pin hammer is a small
lightweight Hammer used for hitting
these things in these are called panel
pins they're not Nails these are little
panel pins and they're used for thin
wood attaching pieces of thin wood
together often with glue
here we've got Mark engage some people
have trouble with the marking gauge the
marking gauge here you've got um it
marks a lines parallel to a straight
edge it's good if you need to repeat a
measurement you can set it and then it
will Mark a line along a ledge here so
here we can see you set the measurement
here so it's set to 10 millimeters and
then as that is moved along the piece of
wood as you can see there it will leave
wood chisels these are used with a
mallet to remove sections of wood when
making joints for making mortise joints
you should always use and secure the
wood and you should always have a piece
of scrap wood underneath so you don't
chop into the bench top
that is they are wood chisels
these tools here two different types of
tools that you may have used or may not
have used a rasp and a Sur form a rasp
is a type of file but very coarse and
that's for shaping wood and the surf
form is a metal tool with a perforated
blade they come in a couple of sizes the
blades are quite fragile but again they
kind of work like a cheese grater
removing wood
abrasive paper this isn't called this
stuff's not called sandpaper don't write
sandpaper in the exam call it abrasive
paper it's available in different grades
you start with the course grades here
and work towards finer grades and to
finish your work to finish off wood
okay tools for metal now we're looking
at some metal tools here we've got first
of all hacksaw now this is the saw that
you use to cut metal okay it's a frame
saw it's got a frame it's got a blade it
has a hard blade which may snap if
you're kept not careful with it but this
is the one you should use to cut metal
and Plastics
a scriber this is used when you're
marking metal you don't use a pencil you
use a scriber this will Mark
um any metal Mark still it's made of
very hard steel as a sharp point and
will scribe marker line into metal
this is a hammer that you'd use for
metal it's called a ball pain Hammer
because this end here is a ball shape
and it can be used for curving and
shaping metals and the flat end can be
used for hammering mainly used for
hammering metal but this is what you
would use as a hammer working with metal
to remove
um material from metal and plastic we
should use files you can use these on
wood but ideally they're suited for
metal and plastic
there's different shapes the main
shapes are flat files round files
Three Square files and there is a half
round file as well and they're available
in different grades they have different
amounts of teeth the coarser ones again
will take off more material finer ones
will either finer finish
center punch a center punch is used with
the ball behind Hammer you the the
pointed end of the center punch is put
onto a piece of metal so hit squarely
with the ballpine hammer and that leaves
a little indentation which then if you
need to drill a hole with a pillar drill
the drill won't skid about it will
Center accurately on the punch Mark okay
that's a center punch
tin snips they do what they say they cut
tin they cut thin steel they leave a
sharp edge so if you're using these make
sure you use gloves but for cutting thin Steel
Steel
much better than using a hacksaw they
now it's
it's
time for questions and we've got some
questions here so see if you have any of
these you can remember
measuring tools now which measuring tool
would you select in the workshop if you
had to measure a piece of material that
was 2.5 millimeters thick what tool
would you use you would use a Vernier caliper
caliper
what tool would you use if you had to
measure a piece of material that was 25
millimeters thick
a steel ruler
and last of all if you had to measure a
piece of board that was 2.5 meters long
what tool would you use
a tape measure well done if you got
those three
tools for wood name three tools that you
might use to make this joint this is a
halving joint what tools might you use
a try Square to Mark out to Mark the
lines accurately across
a Tenon saw to cut it out
and you would use
a chisel to remove the material well
done if you've got those
what tool is this
tool is a
coping saw
what's this tool used for it's used to
this tool is a plane
plane
this tool is used to
remove small amounts of wood leaving a
name two tools that you might use to
Mark a line a straight line on a piece
of aluminum
two tools you might use
steel ruler and
this tool is these are metal tools this
tool is a hacksaw
hacksaw
this tool is used to
and last of all these this tool is a
pair of
tin snips
and it's you this tool is used to cut
thin sheet metal
episode 3 joining Metals this features
temporary joining
which is nuts and bolts and perhaps
really think permanent joining Metals
which are methods sorry which is welding
brazing and soldering
the first thing we need to know about
joining Metals there are two categories
of joining Metals one is permanent
joining this includes welding and
brazing and really the only way of
getting them apart is cutting them apart
or non-permanent joining this includes
nuts bolts and screws where the pieces
of the two components that are joined
can be undone again using whatever tools
they're the two categories
first we're going to look at soldering
soldering is a fairly weak join it uses
a low melting point metal called solder
and usually an electrically heated tool
called a soldering iron
the technique briefly for soldering
although you don't really need to know
this but it just to show you how it
works is the soldering iron comes down
it this is for electrical components it
touches on the track it heats the copper track
track
um the point of contact there heating
the copper track then what happens is
the solder is added once the solder is
added it melts to form a joint and
because it's a metal it's a good
conductor and there's there's the
finished joint so that's soldering
the next
um method of joining it uses a filler
metal so it's heated up the same as
soldering and this is called brazing
sometimes called hard soldering this
using brazing rods which melt at about
800 Degrees
so similar to soldering but basically
the metal that used as a filler is
harder so the joint is stronger used on
bicycle frames it uses a brass filler
metal which bonds to the steel
chemically it uses a gas torch like we
have in school and you can see there a
bicycle frame bottom bracket and that's
been braised
the next one which is stronger again so
we're moving up in in strength is
welding welding is the strongest way to
join metals like Steel in welding both
pieces are heated and melted and fused together
together
the filler rods have a melting steel the
filler Rod is steel so it just ends up
as one piece of Steel very difficult to
get apart very strong
the different types of welding there are
three really major types of welding the
first one is gas welding or oxyacetylene
welding this uses two gases oxygen and
acetylene that burn with a very high
temperature about 2000 degrees much
hotter than brazing and they melt a mild
steel welding rod so the filler Rod is
steel it all ends up as one piece of Steel
um there's a technique for gas welding a
very hot flame melts the steel rod and
here we have what's called a world pool
a welding rod is fed in and that makes
the world
the two other types of welding that you
might need to remember are arc welding
and MIG welding these use electrical
current to form a high temperature
electric Arc and this melts the steel
filler Rod so they're both quite similar
they need an electrical circuit here and
the electrical Arc melts the rod instead
of using gas or anything else to heat it
MIG welding
Mig stands for metal inert gas this is
with MIG welding the rod is actually fed
down a tube and out of the torch here so
there's a motor in here and it's it's
electrically fed out it's very easy to
learn it uses
um it doesn't distort the metal but it
does need clean metal okay
okay MIG welding
art welding is very similar but it uses
a metal stick or rod and this process is
often in America called stick welding
it's arc welding
one of the dangers of art welding and
MIG welding that they produce UV light
which can cause severe eye damage so a
very special mask a whole face mask
needs to be worn it's actually UV light
it can damage your eyes quite severely
spot welding is the last electrical
um and that's welding method and that uses
uses
thin sheet steel the two electrodes push
together and a world point is formed
inside there and creates just a little
round spot world
spot weldings used in mechanized robot
welding in the manufacture of cars
they're all spot welded together
okay that was permanent methods now
we're on to Temporary methods the first
temporary method is set screws or nuts
and bolts
um here we have a selection of different
head types so it's normal hexagon uh
torques and a socket Allen screw and
they're all different different type
different tools to undo them but they're
all done up and they're all temporary fixings
fixings
spring washers here's a picture of a
spring washer this goes underneath the
nut and it's in essence a spring it
keeps the nut under tension so if it's
used on for example a motorbike engine
that vibrates it stops the nut working
loose once it's tightened these edges
here grip into the nut grip the surface
and keep it tight
a further way of tightening that's used
on airplanes is Nylock nuts this is a
normal nut with a thread inside here but
there is a blue nylon insert here when
the bolt is tightened it forms its own
thread into the nylon Inlet insert and
this grips onto the bolt preventing it
from working loose it shouldn't vibrate
loose at all needs to be undone with a spanner
spanner
Nylock nuts countersinking
there's a countersink that's a
countersunk set screw by using a
countersinking tool here into a fixing
hole and using a countersink screw you
can choose achieve a flash finish now
this is the same as in wood but if we
see our countersunk screw there and
we've added a countersink here and then
when the screw fits in it fits flush to
the surface of the metal leaving a nice
flush surface
pop riveting this is used to join pieces
of sheet metal it can be used on wood
and acrylic perhaps but you could maybe
join a piece of acrylic to piece of metal
metal
useful if you can only have access to
one side of the material it's
technically it's technically a permanent
fitting but you can drill them through
that's pot riveting
the pot riveting process a hole is
drilled in the metal the rivet is pushed
through here's the rivet here and it has
the rivet body here and there is a pin a
thin pin the rivet gun then pulls up on
the pin until the pin shears and then it
breaks away leaving the rivet as it does
so it pulls the two surfaces of material
together so it's really useful because
you only need one side to get to one
side so if you've got a box or something
like that working from the outside you
can do that easily
there's another just a little animation
there showing you pot riveting it's
quite the and the three stages the route
goes through as the pins pulled it pulls
up the bottom part of the rivet once
that's tight together then the pin
breaks off okay it's quite but it is um
it may come up in the exam pop riveting
thread cutting
instead of nuts and bolts it is possible
to cut threads in mild steel and
non-ferrous Metals using Taps and dies
these are Taps and dies they're a tap uh
tap holder and a die holder there this
there's a thread cut there
internal threads are done using a tap
and a tap holder so there's an internal
thread cut into something a suitable
size hole is drilled the tap is started
making sure it's at 90 degrees it's
turned every couple of turns you turn it
backwards to clear the the cutting tool
the very hard tool so it can cut into
steel and it will cut a thread an
to cut a sorry
sorry
to cut an external thread
um a die is used in a die holder same
technique okay so there's the two
different threads there's the external
thread and the internal thread
okay now it's test time let's test
name this common temporary fixing most
common are the temporary fixings that's
an easy one it's a
nuts and bolts are used to join Metals
spring washers remember are used to stop
them shaking loose
which tool would be used to tighten this
type of set screw this type of set screw
needs a
Allen key
and Allen key is used to tighten the set
screw Allen keys are used in Cars
airplanes because the fixing can be made
lighter do you think instead of a bolt
head it's a lighter head okay there's
what type of joining metal is a
relatively weak and it uses a low
melting point metal to join them
soft soldering there's soft soldering
main used mainly for electrical
components things like phones all the
so soldering is joining Metals using
the solder is soft metal so the joint is
relatively weak
which joining technique uses this tool
to join thin sheet steel
pop riveting
pot riveting
pot roasting is a method of joining thin
sheet steel using a pop rivet means you
only need access to one side of the joint
joint
used to put airplanes together
which joining technique uses a gas torch
and Brass filler Rod to join Steel
it is brazing
brazing brazing
the joining is a
stronger than soldering but not as
strong as welding so it's kind of
in-between one
the lower melting point metal
comparatively say about 800 Degrees
used to make steel bike frames
which technique is used to form this car
what makes the technique so strong
it is welding
welding
this is done by melting the work pieces
and adding a steel filler Rod to form a
pool of molten metal that calls to
become a strong joint the metal becomes
all one piece
what is this type of welding which uses
electricity to create a very strong joint
joint
arc welding arc welding this uses electricity
to generate heat and fuse two pieces of
Steel together
episode 4 is sustainability which
features CO2 and climate change managed
forestry explaining biodegradable and
non-biodegradable materials talking
about biopolymers and of course the six
R's that's episode four sustainable
so the first thing we need to ask is
what is sustainability well sustain
means to keep going sustainability is
about making things that don't damage
the environment so when we make things
we don't damage the environment
whenever we make anything if we make
something in school or if factories make
anything we're making things we need to
we use up resources we use up national
resources it might be wood might be
metal whatever we're making so when
we're making things we should aim to
reduce the environmental impact of the
products that we produce so that's what
the exam question is really going to be
about with sustainability
so we're going to look at some materials
the first material we're going to look
at is wood or Timber and products made
from wood are generally more sustainable
most wood products used in school are
from managed forestry and also wood is
biodegradable so look at those words
because they're important words and
we'll look at those in a minute
so first of all what is managed forestry
this means that we have forests here and
the trees are cut down new trees are
planted and whenever they cut down trees
they always plant more trees the trees
grow over a long period of time then
they're cutting and more trees are grown the
the um
um
so every time a tree is planted two or
more are planted and that means the
forest is getting bigger so this is
sometimes called sustainably grown Timber
Timber
how do we know that wood is from managed
forestry well it has the forestry
stewardship Count Council logo on it
which is this FSC logo and this is how
you can tell that wood is from a
sustainable managed forestry so that's
managed Forestry
there is also recycled Timber now
sometimes in school we use recycled
Timber what's the difference in recycled
Timber this is Timber which has been
used before it might have been used in
buildings or pallets but this is
recycled Timber sustainably grown Timber
is new Timber but it has been grown in
ways that don't cause at least amount of
damage to the environment
why is Timber so important to the
environment or why are trees important
to the environment trees take a long
time to grow and as they grow they
absorb absorb CO2 carbon that's
basically what they're made from the CO2
is locked into the wood until the wood
decays or is burned and then it goes
back into the atmosphere
atmosphere
so obviously it takes a long time you
can see that tree there is 30 years old
and all that time it's been absorbing
CO2 from the atmosphere
as trees grow they absorb CO2 the CO2
that is produced by things like cars
factories airplanes burning fossil fuels
all this CO2 is in the environment and
for trees absorb it so this is good for
the environment and helps reduce global warming
warming
CO2 is what we call a greenhouse gas so
the greenhouse effect here is too much
CO2 in the atmosphere is a cause of
global warming so the the CO2 in the
atmosphere here um
um
heat comes in is absorbed by the
atmosphere but it tries to bounce back
and it can't it's re-rated re-radiated
back to the surface so it acts like it
says as a giant Greenhouse so that's why
CO2 is a problem
why would manufacturers so we're looking
at products in the environment again why
would manufacturers want to make
products which don't damage the
environment so we're just looking at
environmentally friendly products so
there's a Toyota that's a hybrid car
that is meant to be good for the
environment why would manufacturers do this
this
because people don't want to buy
products which damage the environment
most people quite like to buy products
which don't damage the environments if
the manufacturers make products which
are environmentally friendly people are
going to buy them
because some green products like the
Toyota Prius sell at a premium they cost
more than standard products so people
will pay more for environmentally
friendly products
and also because governments often pass
laws making manufacturers do it so for
example car manufacturers have to create
cars that don't pollute the atmosphere
or pollute the atmosphere under a
certain standard so they're the reasons
why manufacturers would make products
now we're looking at another material
Plastics so the two materials we've
looked at wood we're now looking at
Plastics products made from Plastics are
generally less sustainable most Plastics
are made from oil and are not
biodegradable so let's take a closer look
look
plastic is made from oil okay
it's really important that you know that
that you remember that because that
means that plastic isn't sustainable
where did oil come from it was created
millions of years ago during the time of
the dinosaurs it was made by sea
creatures that fell to the sea floor the
sea creatures built up into layers and
over a period of time
this turned into oil
the oil was made a long time ago and it
would take millions of years to make
more so oil is a finite resource that's
important word finite resource basically
means when the oil runs out there isn't
any more so unlike the trees from
sustainable forestry which can be made
over and over again oil is not sustainable
many products that are made from plastic
are recyclable
but a huge proportion of them end up in landfill
landfill
so once in landfill landfill is where
rubbish is you throw things away and
they basically take it out to a big hole
in the ground bury it in the ground
flatten it down and put more rubbish on
top of it but the problem with plastic
is once it's in landfill plastic will
not biodegrade it won't rot away it's
now we're looking at another plastic now
this plastic is not from oil and this is
a biopolymer so this is another word you
need to know biopolymers are Plastics
not from oil it is made from Plants pla
is also biodegradable so pla is used in
3D printers so in school we use the pla
in a 3D printer but it's a different
plastic not from oil and
now how can we assess how sustainable
products are well there is a list of six
R's these are important checklists
because these are used designers so if
you we look at a product and we can say
we can use
it the list to see the environment
environmental impact of products they
can also be used to evaluate their
environmental impact of other products
so let's look at the six r's
the first one reduce this means is it
possible to reduce the amount of
materials you used this will help
protect valuable resources so for
example in a product if you buy a
product or designing a product can you
reduce the packaging does it need all
the packaging that it has could the
packaging be simpler because
In The End by reducing the packaging it
means that there will be less waste so
that's reduce
rethink is there a better way to solve
the problem that is less damaging than
the environment so did we need the
product in the first place or could the
product be totally changed or
could the job that your products been
doing be do Vice done by something else
which doesn't damage the environment
that's rethink
refuse this means not accepting things
that the best option for an environment
so for example mobile phones do you need
to have a new phone is the phone okay
could you keep there's a lot of pressure
to buy new products replace products
that are still working fine there's a
pressure of society to to change and
update and upgrade so that's refuse
recycle could recycled materials be used
or could the product be made from
materials that are easy to recycle so
here's two products that are recycled
this is using materials to make
something else so here's a pencil case
that used to be a car tire and here's a
chair that used to be a shopping trolley
reuse could the product have another use
or could its parts be used in other products
products um
um
if that's the so will the product could
it extend the product's life so for
example reusable bags now these are
important because it's a product that
can be used over and over again
alternative to having a disposable product
product
so reusable products that's reuse
and lastly repair
is the product easy to repair will this
extend his life extend its life so we're
looking at two products here looking at
phones and computers could they be
repaired if they go wrong you know the
screen gets broken or something goes
wrong in it could it be repaired instead
of throwing it away and using a new
product it's much more environmentally
friendly much more sustainable to repair
the product now
now
it's time
sustainability which word means to
dispose of rubbish by burying it in the ground
ground it's
it's landfill
which word means that the product will
break down naturally if buried in the ground
ground
which product will break which word
means break down naturally
it is biodegradable
which plastic is not from oil and is biodegradable
biodegradable
pla pla is biodegradable and is not made
from oil it's made from plants
which of the six R's means to try and
mend it before you throw it away
it is repair
repair
which of the six hours means to try and
consume less reduce
what are most Plastics made from what
are the majority of plastics made from
they're made from oil
episode 5 is a sustainability GCSE type
question or an actual qcse question
it's a slightly older question but it's
one that is still relevant it features
features the sustainability of materials
biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials
hello and welcome to Mr Ridley's rmt
revision and we're going to do a
question walk through here this is a
question from a past paper and it's on
sustainability in particular it's on the
six R's and sustainability so
so um
um
on here it says the question five is
about sustainability you're advised to
spend 10 minutes on this question and
we've got five marks it's a total of 13
marks so 10 minutes 13 marks so what
we've got here is some boxes with
descriptions and the six R's down here
she talked about in my previous video
so we've got to draw a line across or we
could number them but I'm going to draw
a line across because that's what they
recommend so we're looking at which one
of these is reduce and that's quite
simple reduce which of the six hours we
should decrease the amount of finite
materials we use is reduce so just going
to draw a line across
all right there
reuse and we look at reuse and
we should think of another way to use a
product before we throw it away is reuse
and that one is there so we're going to
draw that down to reuse
the next one is recycle and recycle is
we should make sure that products are
converted back into basic materials and
then remade into products so remaking
into products is recycled just make sure
these lines are clear
and then they touch the box that you're
going to
the next one refuse
and refuse is this one here we should
decide not to buy products that harm the environment
environment
so we just go across here to refuse
now with these make sure you do each
because there's a mark for each one so
don't leave any out you know even if you
have to guess at it you need to do it
repair we must we must mend broken
products instead of throwing them away
is repair so this one's going to go up
to here to keep the line straight
there and last of all rethink we should
decide whether we need products before
so there
we've connected those up looks a bit
messy but that's the right answers so
there's five marks there okay so we're
going to turn over the page for the
second part of this question five and
this is about looking at two different
types of
orange juice bottle so it says the
figures below to two types of orange
juice bottle a glass bottle and a
plastic bottle discuss the
sustainability of each orange juice
bottle now you'll notice here it doesn't
have the quality of written presentation
or quality of written response it
doesn't it you can answer this in bullet
points if you want and still get the the
same Mark so I'm going to answer this in
bullet points so what can we say in
terms of sustainability about glass well
the glass bottle first one is glass
glass
is made from
sand
okay so that's one so we've got one Mark um
um
we can say too glass is
is made
from a
a plentiful
okay so it's made from a plentiful resource
resource
obviously there's lots of grass so it's
not you know although it is finite
there's a lot of it about
um glass is reusable
glass is reusable but it does take energy
energy
so it uses energy to make glass so
although it can be reusable we could say
glass is recyclable it is recyclable but
I'm going to put for my fourth Mark here it
it takes
energy to
to Pro
Pro deuce
deuce glass
glass
now we're going on to plastic bottle so
we're looking at the plastic bottle and
what can we say about the plastic bottle
is made from
from
oil so that's one Mark there plastic is
made from oil and of course oil
is a finite
finite re
sort of resource oil is a finite
resource so we can say plastic is made
more oil is a finite resource so that's
a simple one anything with plastic we
can say those two so we've got two marks
there what else can we say about plastic
plastic can be recycled let's say this
so plastic can be recycled and
and
we've got three marks there for our last
Mark I think we can almost use the same
one there that it takes energy to
produce plastic because that's important
it is
we could of course as well say plastic is
um can be recycled would be another one
and episode six features health and
safety this is um workshops featuring
Workshop safety signs prohibitive and
mandatory types of signs of different
types signs safety equipment and safety
precautions in the workshop and of
course Cosh which is control of
substances hazardous to health so that
is health and safety
okay so first of all health and safety
is very important in resistant materials
and technology workshops the exam will
always generally have at least one
health and safety question
remember when answering these questions
don't confuse General school rules
such as not calling out with health and
safety rules so if it asks you for a
health and safety rule or a rule in the
workshop don't say don't talk with other
people are talking don't call out things
like that which are school rules they're
asking about health and safety rules the
rules that keep you safe in the workshop
that's very important that's a very
common mistake when answering these questions
questions
in technology workshops there are a
range of health and safety signs you
ought to have an idea about what these
signs mean these signs are to keep you
safe and you should understand what the
signs mean the signs come in a range of
different colors and the different
colors denote different things so the
red signs generally a circle with a line
through it are prohibitive that means
they're telling you not to do something
you will often see these will say do not
enter do not use this Machinery
something like that they're telling you
not to do something
the blue signs are mandatory warnings
these are signs that tell you yes you
must do something so you must wear
gloves you should wear gloves when using
this equipment and the yellow signs warn
you of danger they tell you wet floor
you might slip over watch out so they
are warning you about Danger
okay here's some safety equipment safety
goggles there's the sign for safety
goggles and of course what are they for
you wear them to protect your eyes and
stop bits getting into your eyes
ear Defenders these are used to protect
your hearing when using noisy machines
so if you're using a machine like this
an angle grinder which is very noisy you
might see this sign and you would wear
these they protect your hearing
especially over the long term
dust masks dusks masks are used to
protect your lungs so they protect you
from inhaling dust and
um small particles which could
especially again over time damage your
lungs cause damage and they are using
when sanding down either sanding by hand
or sanding with machines you may use
those some machines would have
extraction where the vacuum would pull
the dust out but it's still sometimes
good to wear a dust mask gloves these
are leather gloves which are primer used
for handling hot metal they're not used
when using tools like the pillar drill
because they might catch you might catch
in the palindrome cause actually more of
a face shield this is used when more
face protection is required for example
when wood turning and here there's
someone wood turning and he's wearing a
face shield and that protects his whole
face from
um part
icles that might fly up and
um cause injury
a welding mask a welding mask protects
the face and eyes from UV light when arc
welding so when you're arc welding
actually produces ultraviolet light
which is very dangerous dangerous to
your eyes and
this might cause injury
so you wear a face mask
some safety rules tying back long hair
tying back long hair is important
because your hair can get caught in the
machine such as a pillar drill and this
can be a hazard
um if you're soldering you should tie
back long hair because that also
um might interfere with him you might
get the hair caught in the soldering
iron could cause an accident
wearing an apron why'd you wear an apron
to protect your clothes from paint and
glue they also might provide a um a
degree of fire protection they're
they're fire retardant material they're
not fireproof but they would
um they're because they're cotton
they're much better than maybe a um
c-o-s-h Cosh stands for control of
substances hazardous to health
this is important this is a set of rules
that must be followed
in all workshops when using substances
that may damage your health so these
kind of substances need to be
examples of substances covered by Cosh
regulations oil-based paints
glues such as tensile acids sanding dusk
which we talked about and solvents like
paint thinners these are all substances
that when they're in the workshop
they're controlled by law by these regulations
all the products that might be dangerous
to your health will have these symbols
on them these are the old symbols here um
um
these often came up in the exam they're
a new set of international Euro symbols
they're basically the same symbol they
um mean toxic harmful
inflammable explosive dangerous to the
environment oxidizing and corrosive so
these are all categories and the
whatever the product is it will have one
now it's time for questions Okay so
we've got some questions about health
and safety
what does this sign mean
name three precautions that you might
take when using a pillar drill
wear goggles
tie back hair
what does Kosh or c-o-s-h stand for control
control of
of substances
substances [Music]
[Music]
hazardous to health
name two precautions you might take when
where goggles
ensure good ventilation the fumes you
may get pieces in your eye and the fumes
could cause problems so you make sure
you have Windows or you're in a large
open space
name three substances in the workshop
which might be covered under these regulations
regulations
tensile glue
spray paint
well I hope you got all of those and
thank you for watching Mr Ridley's
design and Technology if you've got
through this far well done and
think about subscribing it does help
grow the channel thank you very much
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