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Кем на самом деле был Ислам Каримов? | SEREDIN | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: Кем на самом деле был Ислам Каримов?
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This content provides a biographical overview of Islam Karimov, the first president of Uzbekistan, detailing his rise to power, his 27-year authoritarian rule characterized by a strong stance against religious extremism and suppression of dissent, and the complex legacy of his leadership on the nation's development and international relations.
Did you know that the first president of
Uzbekistan voted to preserve the
Soviet Union? Now
we'll tell you everything in detail. In the meantime, give the advances a like
and subscribe to the channel if you haven't already
. Islam Abduganeevich Karimov, the
first president for life of
Uzbekistan, was at the helm of power for 27 years.
He won four presidential
elections in 1991, 2000, 2007 and
2015. Each time, according to official
data, he received over 90% of the
voters’ votes. It is, in principle, impossible to cover the entire
twenty-seven-year history of the
Islamic rule of Abduganievich Karimov
. It was too recent,
but we'll try briefly. If
you think we missed something, please write in the
comments. I'm sure there are
specialists. Islam Karimov was born on
January 30, 1938 in the historical center of
Samarkand. There
are many legends about his nationality. Either an Uzbek with a
Tajik, or an Iranian with a Tajik. There is a
version that his father was actually Jewish. There are no noteworthy facts about
his childhood in the official biography
. He
studied well and received a gold medal. According to
another version, Islam Abduganievich Karimov
was a hooligan, for which
he was sent to an orphanage for a short period of time. In 1960,
he graduated from what is now the Tashkent State
Technical University with a degree in
mechanical engineering, and then from the
State Economic
University with a degree in economics. In the same year, he
began working at the Tashselmash plant as a
design engineer at Topoich.
He held a leading position in the State Planning Committee of the
Uzbek SSR. At that time, Islam
Karimov got married for the first time and
had a son, Peter. There is
very little to be found about this in official sources
. But how Islam Karimov came to
power, there are many theories about his start.
For example, his second marriage to Tatyana
Akbarovna, whose relatives worked in the
Central Committee of the CPSU. According to another version, he was
patronized by Ismail Jurabekov. Does anyone
think that he was simply in the
right place at the right time? Let's
figure it out. In 1983, Karimov
headed the Ministry of Finance of the Uzbek SSR. In 1986, he was the
Chairman of the State Planning Committee and Deputy
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
By that time, Gorbachev's perestroika had begun
, and Karimov sent
a report to the leadership of the Communist Party Central Committee
on the problems and prospects for
the development of the Uzbek economy, in which he
indicated that the republic was facing
economic catastrophe.
It was expected that this would play to
Karimov's advantage, but in reality, it turned out to be a
disadvantage. He was practically sent into
exile, having been appointed head of the
Kashkadarya region.
The situation in the Kashkadarya region was dire. The
cotton business still remained in people's memories. But
in this position, Karimov showed himself to be
simply brilliant, an incorruptible
leader. And off it went. On June 23, 1989,
Islam Karimov was elected First
Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan. This
happened almost immediately after a series of
interethnic clashes between Uzbeks and
Meskhetian Turks living in the
Fergana region.
By the way, Karimov will still have conflicts with this region.
And on March 24, 1990, at a session of the
Supreme Council of the Uzbek SSR, he was recognized as the
head of the republic. But there is a nuance. Before the
coup of 1991, Karimov
called for voting in a referendum to
preserve the USSR. And then
93% of the republic voted in favor. But when the
Moscow coup failed, Karimov became one
of the first Central Asian leaders to
declare the independence of his
republic. On December 29, 1991,
this was confirmed by referendum. By then,
98% of the republic had already voted for independence
. And then Islam Karimov
becomes the president of an already independent
Uzbekistan and will remain so until the end of
his life. Almost from the very first days of its
existence, the secular republic of
Uzbekistan has been confronted with an opposition
Islamic movement centered in the
Fergana Valley. In the early nineties,
Karimov managed to eliminate the movement,
but he would continue to fight them for many
years to come. In general, according to the constitution, one
person could not be president of the country
more than two times in a row. But
we know how long Islam Karimov lived. And all this is
thanks to referendums, after which the
laws were changed each time. The revision of
the Constitution reset the number of times
he could be elected, and the term from 5 to 7 years. As we
understand, Islam Abduganeevich
chose an authoritarian model of
state development.
Censorship has blossomed in the country. Representatives of the intelligence services were assigned to the media
. Since the late
nineties, Karimov has begun to exert even more strict
control over the country's spiritual power.
Mass arrests in the republic, the creation of
armed detachments of the Mahali guard.
The situation became particularly tense in
1999, when on February 16, a terrorist
attack occurred near the government building where a cabinet meeting with Karimov's participation was scheduled to take place. The
car bombings killed 16 people and
injured more than 100. Karimov was not
injured. In his speech on
national television, the president
called the attack an assassination attempt on his
life and blamed
radical Islamists for the incident. The
distribution of religious
literature was prohibited. And it was during that period that an
unofficial ban on wearing a
beard appeared. In the 2000s, Karimov actively
sought rapprochement with the West, primarily
as an ally in the fight against international
terrorism. The US was supposed to provide
support on the border with Afghanistan,
from where there was a constant threat. As
a result, US military bases are located on the
territory of Uzbekistan. However, everything
changed after the events of May 12-13 in
Andijan. What happened there? On
February 11, 2005, the
trial of twenty-three
businessmen accused of participating in a
banned Islamic sect began in Andijan. A peaceful
peaceful
demonstration of approximately a thousand people gathered in defense of the entrepreneurs.
Other residents also began to join the demonstration. And all this very soon
turned into a huge rally of more
than 4,000 people. According to official
figures, 187 people died during the clash
. According to unofficial estimates, there are about five
hundred. Many fled to Kyrgyzstan. Karimov
Karimov
was harshly criticized by the West and
international organizations for his brutal suppression of the rally. According to the
official version, the authorities suppressed an
anti-government rebellion by terrorists
financed by the US Embassy and foreign
foreign
media. In the months
following these events,
representatives of international
organizations and journalists were expelled from Uzbekistan. Karimov
ordered the closure of the American base in
Uzbekistan. After the republic
joined the Eurasian
Economic Community, its foreign
policy became distinctly
anti-American. Moscow, however,
supported Tashkent's version that the
anti-Japan protests were organized by
Islamic extremists. And soon
Russia and Uzbekistan signed an agreement on
allied relations, including the
provision of military bases and
military facilities to each other. Foreign companies
involved in the development of the
gold deposit, the American Newmon Maig and the
British Oxus Gold, were
forced to leave Uzbekistan under pressure. Their
property was nationalized.
International organizations and media outlets have
frequently accused the Uzbek authorities under Karimov's presidency of suppressing
the opposition and violating human rights. For
several years in a row, the website parad.com has
called Karimov one of the most brutal
dictators. According to estimates by the International
Human Rights Society Memorial, the number of political
prisoners in Uzbekistan under
Karimov was higher than in all
post-Soviet Central Asian countries
combined. During
Karimov's presidency, Uzbekistan ranks first
among CIS countries in terms of the number of labor
migrants in the Russian Federation.
According to the Federal Migration Service of Russia, in January 2016 there
were approximately 1,88,000
citizens of Uzbekistan in the Russian Federation. But was it really
that bad? Not really. After the
collapse of the USSR, communications with neighboring
republics were destroyed. Many
Soviet enterprises did not
function. The Uzbek sum was generally
unstable. Some of these problems
were resolved over time. Under Karimov, a modern
modern
road and transport infrastructure was created and the
airport was modernized. Uzbekistan became
one of the founding states of the SCO.
SCO. High-tech
High-tech
industries have been created in the country.
Pharmaceuticals, mechanical engineering, as well as the
production of electrical equipment, textiles
and modern building
materials, have developed. Industrial
facilities ranging from gas chemical complexes to
automobile factories were built. The first high-speed
high-speed
rail service in Central Asia was opened. The harshness of
Karimov's rule is largely linked to the
constant defense of the boundaries of the
state's secularism and the fight against Islamic
radicals. Having begun his reign during a very
difficult period, the collapse of the
Soviet Union, Karimov naturally
began a harsh governance without much
pluralism of opinion. And in many ways this
had an impact on domestic policy. Islam
Karimov loved tennis and almost never
took the vacations he was entitled to,
preferring trips to the city in the
Tashkent region to all resorts. His relatives claimed
that he loved modesty and was used to
denying himself everything. However, few
believed them; the family of the head of state possessed
simply untold wealth. It would
n't take two episodes to talk about them
, but I don't think this
episode should discuss Islam
Karimov's children and their activities, since this episode is
n't about them. Islam Fduganovych died on
September 2, 2016, as a result of a
stroke. According to some
reports, brain death occurred as early as
August 27. Of course, this is only a small part of
everything that happened during Karimov’s reign,
but for more than that, a clock would be needed.
We won't give an assessment, we're just
telling you. This issue is just an
introduction, so that you can
explore it further and draw your
own conclusions. If you liked
the video or didn't like it, write in the
comments. Don't forget to like
and share this video too. This is
very useful for us. And we will tell you many more
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