0:00 okay so we have the last part of our
0:03 cellular respiration
0:05 we have oxidative phosphorylation or our
0:08 electron transport
0:10 chain so that's this will be the last
0:12 step for us guys
0:14 so no need for that so
0:18 first why do we need oxygen
0:23 organisms we need oxygen in order to
0:26 live so as we all know that
0:28 if we hold our breath what could happen
0:30 is that
0:32 capacitor now we could get dizzy and
0:34 then block out or even cause
0:36 death capac
0:39 oxygen nothing okay but have you ever
0:43 wondered
0:44 why that's the case or what exactly your
0:46 body does with
0:47 all that oxygen so we just all know now
0:56 what what do they do it's adding oxygen
1:01 okay so the reason behind as it turns
1:03 out you need oxygen so your cells can
1:06 use this molecule during
1:08 oxidative phosphorylation or the final
1:10 stage of cellular respiration
1:12 so hindi sha immediately nega gamete
1:15 during glycolysis pyruvate oxidation and
1:17 then the krebs cycle
1:19 actually oxygen is being used during the
1:22 third
1:22 and final step of our cellular
1:25 respiration
1:27 so oxidative phosphorylation is made up
1:30 of two closely connected
1:32 components that's why i'm at the last
1:34 inter interchangeable language
1:37 components nato the first one is our
1:39 electron transport chain and the other
1:41 one is chemi
1:42 osmosis so oxidation or oxidative
1:46 this phosphorylation net then union
1:48 electron transport chain and then
1:50 chemiosmosis that would be your
1:52 phospho relation okay so you
1:55 pass through now adding manga electrons
2:00 from one molecule to another your new
2:02 electron transport chain
2:04 and then for chemiosmosis is the
2:07 formation
2:08 of our atp
2:11 okay because of a certain radiant
2:14 ion so where does oxygen fit into this
2:17 picture so
2:18 oxygen sits at the end of the electron
2:21 transport chain
2:22 hosa and it accepts the electron and
2:26 picks up protons to form
2:28 water so yunyung is adding
2:31 um
2:43 [Music]
2:54 glucose okay and it will pick up protons
3:01 oxygen it will pick up protons in order
3:03 to form
3:04 water molecules so oxygen
3:09 electrons the electron transport chain
3:13 will stop running
3:20 molecules and atp will no longer be
3:24 produced by
3:25 chemiosmosis because young atp they
3:27 never
3:28 produce lungs because of the gradient
3:30 but since
3:32 electrons proceed past the next
3:35 step hydrogen ions from one
3:39 uh from the matrix upon the center
3:41 membrane space
3:42 okay so without enough atp in return
3:46 cells cannot carry out their actions
3:47 that they need to
3:49 function okay so that could lead to the
3:52 death of
3:53 an organism
3:57 in the function eventually our body
4:00 could die
4:02 okay so let's proceed with our electron
4:04 transport chain first
4:05 so electron transport sheet nothing is
4:08 made
4:09 involving four large complexes
4:12 labeled as one two four one two three
4:15 four
4:16 and so in eukaryotes many copies of
4:19 these molecules are found in the inner
4:20 mitochondrial membrane catalytic
4:23 cohanina and then of course
4:26 the prokaryotes snattin they are just
4:28 found in the plasma membranes uh
4:30 cell membrane lung nila meron capoxa
4:33 prokaryotes pero pogba things are
4:34 eukaryotes
4:35 it's happening in the mitochondria
4:37 specifically in the
4:38 crystal or in the inter membrane at the
4:42 inner membrane inner membrane i should
4:44 say
4:46 okay so eternal complex one complex two
4:49 complex three and
4:50 complex four so ethernet inter membrane
5:13 okay so from the diagram
5:17 all of the electrons that enter the
5:18 transport chain come from nadh and fadh2
5:22 otranga
5:24 so nadh from glycolysis pyruvate
5:27 oxidation and
5:28 krebs cycle nfdh to falling language
5:32 cycle so what happens during etc
5:36 so in the matrix you nadh then above
5:39 during the citric acid cycle pyruvate
5:41 oxidation
5:43 glycolysis and ion
5:46 i but the deposit on electrons is a
5:49 complex number one
5:51 at once among the positioning electrons
5:53 are complex number one malamang
5:56 and hydrogen ion
6:00 plus and it's going to release a proton
6:03 into the
6:05 matrix okay so fat h2 on the other hand
6:10 deposits electrons in complex two okay
6:13 turning it into fat and releases two
6:15 hydrogen ions
6:17 i remember guys an nadh muggy start k
6:20 complex one might deliver
6:22 so fadh2 complex two language start mic
6:25 delivering
6:26 electrons
6:29 okay so the electrons from complexes one
6:33 into our pass to the small mobile
6:35 carrier queue
6:37 so once in a pass and as a complex one
6:39 complex two image electrons
6:42 mobile carrier and then carrier q
6:46 transports the electrons to
6:48 complex three pascal pascal at electron
6:50 transport chain
6:52 which then after complex three it passes
6:54 to cytochrome
6:56 c and lastly cytochrome c passes the
6:59 electrons to complex
7:00 four which density complex foreign
7:06 electrons
7:12 it will form water remember that
7:15 it takes two electrons
7:18 okay oxygen and an oxygen molecule and
7:22 two hydrogen ions to form one water
7:25 molecule so complex is one
7:27 three and four use energy release as
7:30 electrons move from a higher
7:32 to allow energy to pump protons out of
7:35 the matrix and into the inter membrane
7:37 space so italian makaharo nanometallina
7:40 proton
7:41 gradients
7:51 because its electrons are higher in
7:54 energy
7:55 level so as electrons move through
7:58 complex one in a series of redox
7:59 reactions
8:00 the complex uses this energy to pump
8:03 protons
8:04 from the matrix upon the inter membrane
8:07 space on the other hand fadh2 have a
8:10 lower energy level that's why
8:12 hindi nagi starts a complex one it
8:15 starts with complex two which does not
8:17 pump
8:18 protons across the membrane
8:21 okay because of this bypass each fadh2
8:24 molecule causes
8:26 fewer protons to be pumped and
8:29 contributes less to the proton
8:31 gradient than an nadh
8:36 so overall what does the electron
8:38 transport chain do for the cell it has
8:41 two
8:41 important fraction functions number one
8:43 is to regenerate the electron carriers
8:47 so we have nadh and fadh2 magiking
8:51 any d plus and fed
8:56 okay number and next this is important
8:59 because the oxidized forms oxidability
9:01 oxidized forms
9:02 ition ah sorry sorry nad plus nfed
9:06 big sabihin they have lost an electron
9:09 forms of these electron carriers are
9:10 used in glycolysis and the citric acid
9:13 cycles
9:18 glycolysis anticitric acid cycles
9:28 and number two it makes a proton
9:30 gradient gusto nothing new
9:32 formula protein gradient because
10:02 name process than chemiosmosis so when
10:05 you say chemiosmosis
10:07 this is the process in which energy from
10:09 a protein gradient is used
10:12 to make atp proton gradient
10:17 so ingredient is union chemi in a part
10:19 and then osmosis is
10:20 moving from one moving through i
10:24 membrane and form of course a certain
10:27 energy which is in the form of
10:29 atp okay so for instance chemiosmosis is
10:34 also involved in the light reaction of
10:36 photosynthesis
10:38 so complex one three and four of the
10:41 electron transport chain our
10:43 chain are proton pumps so as electrons
10:45 move energetically downhill
10:48 the complexes capture the release energy
10:50 and uses to pump
10:52 your hydrogen ion statin from the matrix
10:54 to the inner
10:56 membrane space
10:59 so an electrochemical gradient across
11:02 the inner mitochondrial
11:04 membrane where in antarctic
11:07 gradient nato is a proton motive
11:10 force okay
11:40 instead after being turned by water
11:42 hydrogen ions
11:45 okay and in turn you atp synthase and
11:48 gagawinia
11:48 it is going to add a phosphate group the
11:51 one guy adp
11:53 through the protein gradient into the
11:55 form e t
11:57 p so basically get into your area guys
12:01 so what happens is after presenting
12:03 citric acid cycle nitin
12:05 submarine diet nadh gonna produce at
12:08 fadh tena produce so nadh will
12:13 give off its electron at once on the gif
12:16 of
12:16 electron ion pumping hydrogen ions from
12:20 the matrix papuantesa
12:22 inter membrane space so nadh will become
12:25 nad plus and hydrogen ion
12:28 and then simultaneously afad h2
12:31 will deliver its electrons k complex two
12:35 but since the complex two a hindi
12:51 hydrogen ions from the matrix from the
12:53 inter membrane space
12:55 and then pass a high cytochrome c and c
12:57 will pass it to four and then four
12:59 pop-up nanometer hydrogen ions and the
13:02 new electrons and nandito i4
13:05 will give off will give of its electrons
13:08 to
13:08 our oxygen and that elect
13:12 electrons will again magnesium oxygen
13:16 will attract two hydrogen ions forming
13:20 water molecules
13:24 electrochemical gradient detox inter
13:27 membrane space
13:28 meaning there is a high concentration of
13:31 hydrogen ions due to the inter membrane
13:34 space that in and what will happen
13:37 is proton motive force and that proton
13:41 motive force
13:42 will drive this atp synthase
13:46 to add a phosphate group
13:49 chi adp to form atp
13:53 okay so generally that is what is
13:55 happening
13:57 in the electron transport chain
14:00 and then chemi osmosis so all in all
14:04 antarctica is oxidative phosphorylation
14:07 okay oxidative because of the continuous
14:10 losing of electrons here and then
14:14 lithium ion is phosphorylation with the
14:17 formation of
14:18 our atp
14:21 okay so sinatra
14:26 alexa citric acid cycle and sugglycola
14:29 subglycolysis paramagame
14:32 so that's it for our electron transport
14:35 chain
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