This content details practical aspects of electric vehicle (EV) training, contrasting hands-on offline sessions with theoretical online learning, and delves into the technical workings of EV systems, specifically focusing on battery pack calculations, sensor integration, and regenerative braking.
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Happy afternoon. Come on. Let everyone
join. Now I will be showing you
something very interesting in which
So you want to see
how the offline classes will be
conducted and what you will be doing
for those who are coming for the offline
sessions. Are you excited that how the
classes will be conducted and what in
Yes,
you'll be working on complete vehicles.
You'll be working on the complete
hands-on vehicles. You'll be working on
the hands-on vehicles. You will tear
down this entire vehicles. You'll just
open this entire vehicle and you'll
dismantle everything, the battery,
motors, controllers, everything. And
you'll just disassemble everything and
you will see the integration how the
parts are integrated in this vehicle.
How the connections are done. The this
one if we see when we compared for an uh
types of motors drive right this it is a
mid drive motor here. We have a mid
drive motor here and we have the chain
drive driving the vehicle here. So in
this situation we have different
application and we have many vehicles
which are kept here for students
application where you will be coming and
you will make the vehicle completely
naked tear down the vehicle and you'll
inside the MCU inside the motor how
exactly the MCU will be there how
exactly what is the connection how the
hall sensor is placed how the harness
integration will be there you'll be
learning about all those integrations in
the offline session you want all the
major brands you We have all the major
brands like Bajach, Chetak, the Ola and
the Ather and many Chinese category and
there are many advanced brands also
which we'll be working on right so if
you're coming for the offline classes in
Nagaravi and Bilgavi so this is what
you'll be working with with the complete
tear down of the harness this is what
the harness looks like for the
integration of the entire vehicle you'll
be working with all of these vehicles
right so we'll be starting the class Now
soon I'll just join the class and we'll
be joining the sessions. You'll be
working on this one right we'll stay
See for those who are attending online
classes need not worry for the complete
online session we will be learning about
the exact design for offline it will be
somewhat different for online because
you are sitting at home and when you are
learning at that comfort you'll be
learning the different concept about the
complete design the assembly thing but
when you come for offline it will be a
completely different exposure which
you'll be getting right so complete
offline and an online exposures are will
be different but both will be enhanced
Just let me know how many of you coming
in offline and online. Start telling off
So we have combination of both on and
off right. Okay. Now in the last session
Great. Who are coming for the offline
sessions? It will be a expo hands-on
exposure for the vehicles that you'll be
having. You'll be tearing down the
entire vehicle things for the online
thing. You'll be having a different
concept wherein you'll be understanding
the design factors. You'll be
understanding about the intern internal
integration, how the program has to be
feeded, that thing and all you'll be
learning in the online classes. Right?
So for the offline integration it's a
different combination for the online
integration online classes it is it will
be a different structure both will be
exiting right so we'll start today's
session now in the last session where we
had stopped
where we had stopped
our 50 kow car battery pack This was a
car battery pack right which we had
done. This was a car battery pack of a
HP pack. What was the HP packtage? We
had got around 300 volts was the voltage
which we had got with based on 300 volt
architecture. We were able to find out
number of yes number of P charging C
rating discharging C rating and we were
also able to find out our BMS and
charger. Now hope everyone right I want
answers from everyone each everyone of
you that if we give any kind of battery
pack for example it might be a 20
kilowatt it might be 100 kilowatt 50 kow
battery pack with the base of data sheet
with the base of data sheet you are now
capable of re designing the
battery pack right for the battery pack
you are now able to select the BMS and charger
charger
right so hope everyone one you
understood you want one more similar pro
problem on this one in NMC or LFP or
hope everyone has understood I want
Right. So we will be moving on to the
sensors part. Now that we have
calculated both for the for our NMC and
LFP battery pack, we have calculated our
battery pack design and the entire
structure whatever the basic required
based on the charger and based on the
BMS. Right now in the NMC part, in the
LFP part completely we have completed
our LFP part. Right? But when it comes
for the NMC part, there was one
topic which was left out was our
charging time calculation. We wanted our
We want our charging time also to be calculated.
calculated.
We want our charging time also to be
the charging time. How to calculate the
Right now in this NMC battery pack when
we had done our NMC battery pack the
charging time was left out. Now how to
calculate the charging time? We'll just
have a quick view of the charging time
calculation and then we will directly
move on to our next topic which is the sensors
sensors
NMC
pack. Right.
What was the H which we had got?
What was the H which we had got? We had
got around 200H based on the
rounding rounding it off. Right? We had
got around 168 was the actual parameter
which we had got but we had rounded it
for 200 amps. Basically I have my 200 ah
battery pack. Now if I charge this
battery pack,
if I charge this
battery pack, basically the charging
time exactly the formula for the
charging time is charging time is
battery pack ah
divided by charging current. Right? This
is the charging current. Now the a is of
200 amps. What is the charging current
which we had selected the onboard
charger? We had two different chargers
when we actually designed when you just
if you can just remember the NMC pack
both onboard and offboard charger for
this one.
Right. So based on onboard charger we'll
be trying to calculate what was the
onboard charging current which we wanted
we had around 40 amps was the onboard
charging current right onboard charger.
Onboard charger we had 40 amps current.
Now let us calculate what is the time
that is required to charge our battery pack.
pack.
It is basic calculation.
40 amps.
What is the charging time which we will get?
get?
right? We basically need 5 hours of
charging time with an onboard charger to
charge our 50 kW battery pack. Right?
Hope everyone understood this.
This was the NMC pack which we had done.
Now we also have done our calculation
for our LFP also. Right? Now we had also
done the calculation for our LFP also.
LFP what was the characteristics which
we had got LFP? Basically it is also the
very quick time for the LFP based on the
parameters which we had calculated in
the morning session for the LFP for a
For onboard charger we had charged it
40 amps.
So obviously the charging time will be
it will be 5 hours itself is the
charging time for our LFP also.
Now but we had one more charger called
we had our offboard charger also.
We had our offboard charger also. What
was the offboard charging current which
we had calculated in the morning session?
What was the offboard charging current
Now, now everyone calculate and let me
know what at if I charge my car at an
offboard charging station, what is the
It is very simple. 200 amps divided by
200 H is my capacity. 200 amps is my
At 1 hour I can
notes I'll be sharing it right with all
these basic parameters. Now it is
randomly that we are we remember that
because of the practice from last one
week we are now able to remember all
these basic formulas and we were able to
do it. Now let us move on to our next
sensors.
Right now everyone just in one single
text everyone start typing the sensors
which are the sensors which you know now
you just remember that you are an
engineer that you know the basic working
of the car. You know the basic working
of a car how that car exactly works. Now
just try to list out some sensors.
Try to list out some basic sensors which
is utilized in the car system. Right? In
the basic car system, what are the
So there are many t think you have to
think as an engine. Practically what are
the sensors which will be utilized in
List down them. Try to list at least
minimum in instead of single thing start
texting in one single text add sensors.
Try to add a maximum sensors which you
Yes. Now we will
So if you can just see the comments the
answers the chats there are many types
of sensors which will be used in the
vehicle right so we have different types
of ABS sensor for each and every vehicle
part you used in the vehicle at least at
least 90% of the entire vehicle part is
equipped with the sensor it can be
anything it can be anything to sense
that we need a sensors, right? Without
sensors, we cannot get the feedback. We
have our visualiz so that we can see.
But how can a microcontroller sense how
a microcontroller will get to know that
what is happening inside a battery pack
or what is happening? So basically it
requires sensors, right? So we will be
working we will be learning about the
basics sensors which we'll be using in
the vehicles, right? So this sensors we
will be using the first we'll note down
few sensors which you we will be using
in the
cars part right the first one is
let us take our
So we will be noting down only the few
major components which we have learned
till now right now we have used hall
sensor we have we'll be using current sensor
current sensor
we'll be using our temperature. Next,
Next,
Pressure sensors. Next.
We'll have our entire thing. This we
will be considering with this sensors
will be working. How we learn about how
this sensors will be working right? How
the data will be fed for the
microcontroller? how the data will be.
There are different type of sensors. I
will be listing out them and I'll be
CTN and PT basically we will use it for
measuring the current and voltage we'll
be using the CTN PT the potential uh
thing on the current thing we'll be
using for the measuring of current and
voltage but basically when we have lot
of sensors to be noted how this data
will be fed that we will be learning
right now we have if we go on listing
there are many sensors which we have to
list out now what we will do is
basically we will learn how these
sensors will give the input to the
microcontroller. Now right now for example
a very simple circuit. I I'll be drawing
a very simple circuit. Now imagine this
as a basic microcontroller. Right? This
as a microcontroller.
Now what this microcontroller will do
based on input whichever microcontroller
we have in our EV basically it will be
in the form of now for example let me
take a simple action where a simple
action wherein now this we have a say
input here basically for the working we
need our positive and we have our
negative for the microcontroller Now
what I'll do is control thing is I'll
have a temperature
sensor here right I'll have my
temperature sensor here what my
temperature sensor will do is it will
basically sense the temperature across
this it will basically sense the
temperature which is across this one
whatever temperature is there across
this it will sense and it will let the
whatever temperature is there this will
send the signal to
the microcontroller. Now what this
temperature sensor do? Temperature
sensor needs two inputs, right? One is
positive, one is negative for operating
and one signal will be sent. How signal
is sent? Basically this temperature
sensor it will sense the temperature
across this and with the data that there
is around 30° C or 40° C it is there
around me that it will send the data to
this microcontroller. Now what this
microcontroller will do is it will read
the data that the temperature is or
whatever the data is set that it will
read microcontroller will read the data.
This is a very thing. Now we'll try to
design a circuit where
I have a
see let me think this is a
battery pack this is a battery pack. I
have a battery pack wherein I have my positive
positive
and I have my negative which will be
connected to my load. It will be
working. So this is a completely
different structure. This is a different
structure. This is actually a car. We
can take this as a 300 volt battery
pack. Right? This is a 300 volt battery
pack which is there. Now while we are
using this battery pack, this battery
pack will get heated up. Right? This
battery pack will obviously get heated
when we are
utilizing the battery pack obviously the
temperature of the battery pack will be
increased. Now what we'll do is now I
want to cool down this battery pack. I
want to get the temperature of this
battery pack to
minimize. So what we have to do?
Obviously I have to cool down cool down
this battery pack. We have to cool down
this battery pack. At this condition
what we will do? Obviously one thing is
I will put a fan here. I will put a fan here
which will rotate and this battery will
be cooled down. Now the air flow will go
and obviously when the air flow hits the
battery pack the battery temperature
will be reduced. Now how to manage how
to manage this one? how when the fan
should be turned on when the fan should
be turned off based on the batteries
requirement now for this microcontroller
for this microcontroller I will feed the
data that if we will write a program for
this one in a basic simple language that
if the temperature see
if the temperature goes above
60° C then you have two. Now, for
example, we have a motor here, right?
This is this is the motor part. This is
the motor part. Obviously, this will be
having the negative. This should have
This should have the
positive. What this positive will be
there? This microcontroller will have a
switching device here. Basically
we can consider this as MOSFET or any
actuators which will be there. This
thing what this microcontroller will do
is this will whenever the temperature
sensor which is mounted for the battery
pack it will say that the temperature
which is measuring if the temperature is
under 60° obviously the fan will be in
off condition because the
microcontroller it is we have already
set the data if the temperature goes
above 60° it has to turn on. Now what it
will happen when the battery pack
temperature goes above 60° this
temperature sensor will sense the
temperature across the battery pack and
it will send the data to microcontroller
and what this microcontroller will do
based on the input of the temperature
sensor. This will send a signal to the
switching device actuator here to turn
on this fan.
Right? So this is about we not talking
about the sensors part. This is we are
this we are talking about a simple
circuit how this temperature circuit
will be working. Don't get confused with
sensors and actuators and this part
right this we are talking about a very
simple circuit how the microcontroller
might work. Don't get confused with
temperature sensors and actuators right
this is a very readily available
operation it's a very now if I want to
design a cooling battery pack cooling
system for my battery pack this is how
the very simple concept will work. I
have my battery pack here. I have my
temperature sensor. This temperature
sensor will be mounted on this battery
pack. Once the temperature goes above
60°, this will on. If the temperature is below
below
60°, this fan will be in off condition.
This is how we have told for this microcontroller.
microcontroller.
Now based on this same simple operation
based on this simple operation
our entire switching our based on uh
this simple operation our entire
operation the switching of the concepts
will be working. So now let us see how
we have our
two types of displays thing, right? one
before going into the sensors part
sensors we'll be using and we I think
everyone you know the instrumentation
how how many types of instrumentations
are there we have different types of
one is just recording type one is just displaying
recording and displaying ing instrument,
right? We have recording and displaying
instruments. Now,
why we have to learn about this
recording and display instrument?
Because if you have an example of any
temperature sensor or the modulation,
what our microcontroller basically will
do is it will basically read the entire
inputs from the input from the
temperature sensor, from the potential
coil, from the current coil. It will
have the entire
data of the individual
sensors which will be sending the
sensors which will be sending it will be
having the entire data in inside the
structures. Right? So that is the thing
Sorry guys, device just got switched
Now let us take another example wherein
I think everyone know this brake light
brake obviously you know that the tail
light will on right when you hold the
brake in the vehicle obviously our tail
light will glow. In that scenario, we
will be saying how that entire
system will be working right that will
be a very major point in an electric
vehicle in an EV. The in a EV this plays
Brake sensor.
Brake sensors play a very major role. So
we'll be looking up to that right and
how how basically it will work. Now we
have our brake holder when we apply the
brake it can be either foot pedal in the
hand. Right? So if we have two braking
system both are similar. Now let us try
to design that circuit how that circuit
basically will work. Right? Now I have
my LED here.
Right? So this is my LED
light. Now what will happen to work for
this LED? I need my positive and I need
my negative. What we will do is we have
our battery battery here for the
positive and the negative connection. If
I directly connect my positive and if I
directly connect my negative here,
obviously this light will start to glow.
This is a very simple circuit which we
know. Now what for this basic c circuit
what we will do is now I will add a
break here
and I will add a switch here
we'll add a switch here now this switch
let us consider that this is the brake
sensor which we'll be which we are
applying Okay. So whenever I press in
initially when I press the brake
obviously this there will be a switch
kind of thing under the brake whenever
we press the brake obviously the circuit
gets completed. It is a very simple
circuit right now using this circuit how
effective is this how important is this entire
entire
uh brake sensor system that we will be
analyzing right with for the brake
sensor thing. Now we have whenever I
apply the brake obviously the tail light
will work. This is very simple. There is
nothing much advanced in this one. Right
now we will be seeing
battery pack here. Let me consider this
as a 60 volt battery pack. 60 W 30th
battery pack. Right now I have a
and have my negative connected and I
have my connections going to the
motor. Now imagine that at no load
Basically when we press the closing
there is no sensor actually here. This
is for switch activity but this will act
as a sensor when we focus on thing just
we need to learn about the basics right.
So next we have our motor here now
obviously this entire structure is very
simple thing the battery pack is there
the MCU is there whenever there will be
an ignition when we turn on our vehicle
obviously the power from the battery
pack will move to the
the power from the battery this will
move to MCU. Now from the MCU it will
move to motor here. This is a very
simple concept which we have learned on
this one. Now for example if I calculate
this one at no load if this motor is
taking 1.5 amps.
Hope everyone knows what is no load. No
load in the sense motor will not be
connected or it will be not on the road
on the center stand. You can just imagine
the vehicle is running on the center
stand right now. Vehicle on center stand
obviously there will be no load on the
motor. Right? Motor
that is what is called as no load. There
will be no additional load connected to
the motor. So that it will just run in
an empty structure. Now at that
and imagine I will sit on the vehicle
that we will sit on the vehicle at that
condition this motor will to run
normally when a individual person sits
on the vehicle and the vehicle starts to
move on a flat road imagine that it will
take 10 amps
just with an imagination that obviously
motor will start to take 10 amps because
the vehicle is on load. The motor is on
more current. Right? Now imagine why we
use applying brake. Now leave over the
sensor. Why we will apply brake? Because
to make the motor to stop or the entire
vehicle to stop. Now why are we applying
Yes. To make the vehicle stop.
Basically, to make the vehicle stop, we
apply the brake. Now, just imagine the
situation where you're already throttle.
We are in a throttling situation and you
press the brake, right? We are
throttling the motor. Why we will throttle?
throttle?
To increase the speed. Why are we
throttle? The reason of throttling is so
that the motor will start to run right.
The reason of throttling is to
make the motor run at the faster speed.
But imagine now
if we apply the reason we are applying
the brake is to stop the motor to
increase the motor I'm throttling it.
But increase the decrease the speed of
the motor I'm applying the brake. What
What will happen happen at that condition?
condition?
Now I am throttling to increase the
speed but also applying the brake to
The load on the motor will be increased.
What it will happen? It will try to draw
more current from the battery pack. What
motor will do? motor obviously when I'm
throttling it the motor has to rotate
right when I am throttling the motor has
to rotate
meanwhile also I'm applying the brake
mechanical brake I'm applying it what it
will happen obviously the load will
increase on the motor load in action
means more current consumption it will
more load suddenly the load current will
be increased
right at this time what will happen
at this time obviously for example now
for this MCU for this microcontroller
MCU that we have set the limit
or for the battery pack BMS we have set
the limit that you should not give
current more than 40 amps
Because I'm using a 3C battery pack
here. I'm using a 3C battery. If I use a
3C battery pack, obviously this will say
what is the maximum current I can take
from this battery pack. If this is a 3C,
if this is a 3C30H battery pack, what is
90 amps right I can take maximumly up to
90 amps from this battery pack usually
90 amps in the sense the vehicle itself
will be taking one mechanical braking in
the sense we are making that complete
motor to stop in the sense we are taking
the maximum possible current out of the
battery pack and we are trying to load
maximum on the motor at that condition
obviously this will become up to 3x the
load. Now for example when one person
was sitting it was taking up to 10 amps
right now when you gradually applied the
brake if it becomes more than 3x what
will happen obviously at that time more
current consumption more current flow
right
but at some certain condition we cannot
say because for Indian condition
everyone know few will hold the brake
and while turning and all if you're
using A two-heer few will while using
turning or U-turning you'll just hold
the brake and you'll try to accelerate
it in an IC engine but what will happen
in an EV
the load on the motor will be enamorous
right the load on the motor will be
increased but this is a practical
condition we can't explain we can't tell
the customer
end user not to hold the brake and
utilize at any certain condition he
might you utilize that right because
it's the it is not in our hand it is in
the user end hand.
So to prevent this, so to avoid this we
have the brake by wire brake system,
brake sensor system wherein whenever
this light is blown
basically whenever the tail light is
blown this controller
for the microcontroller which is there
inside this MCU we will fed the data
will fed a data for that one. Whenever
you are receiving the signal basically
when you receive the signal from this
one whenever we hold the brake both
power will go for this LED light and
this microcontroller also at that
condition what this microcontroller will
do is we will write a program for that
in the sense we will give input for that
very simple for Our understanding we we
should know that whenever the brake is
applied what should the controller do?
The controller should not send the power
to the motor. Why it should not send
Because to protect the motor right
because to protect the motor it should
not send the power from MCU to motor there.
there.
So everyone got it. Now whenever we
apply the brake what this
microcontroller will do
the power from
here when the brake is applied
the power will flow in this one. This
will sense that the brake is pressed so
that it will send the signal to this MCU
that the brake is spent. You stop
sending the power to the motor.
Right? you stop sending the power to the
motor that that data will be sent to the microcontroller.
microcontroller.
At that time what will happen? Even
though if we throttle even though if we
throttle obviously this M the power from
the battery pack till the controller
will be there. Will there be any changes
in this path
changes from the battery pack to the
No, this is a complete this is used on
the power which is coming for this one.
This is a completely different system.
This will be a completely different
system. There will be no LDR or based on
this light sensing that will not be
done. The power which is going for this
light is also that the sensor will be
connected to that path itself because
Now no one single MCU cannot hold all
the sensors because that entire one MCU
will be very big. to hand uh should be
capable of handling all the sensor which
is quite complicated in present days. So
what we will do is we will use different
different microcontrollers and with that
microcontrollers data we will be
integrating individual microcontrollers.
For example, we have one particular
microcontroller in this MCU. We'll be
going on seeing what are the features
that is there inside the MCU. the
sensors, the actuator, what exactly will
be there inside the MCU, how it will be
integrated. Right now, everyone are
clear with this brake system, brake
Hope you understood right. We have our
battery pack running system. battery
pack, MC motor
with when we apply the brake
the brake power one of the brake power
will be sent to the microcontroller
basing based on
the power that you should stop sending
the power further to the motor because
that we are saying that microcontroller
that whenever you receive a signal in
this input, basically whenever you
receive signal from this input, you
Right? This is now with this same braking system we have one more concept
braking system we have one more concept called.
It is also one of the important topic based on this brake sensors itself.
Yes. So we have one more concept called as regeneration of power by braking.
Right? Regeneration of power by braking.
Regeneration of power by braking. Obviously this is a very simple concept.
Obviously this is a very simple concept. Now when we saw in our previous system
Now when we saw in our previous system that we have our very brake switch
that we have our very brake switch wherein we have our LED and we have our
wherein we have our LED and we have our battery pack which will be connected
battery pack which will be connected here. This is what we had right?
when the brake is applied we'll get the output to the MCU. Now
output to the MCU. Now this MCU is also responsible to send the
this MCU is also responsible to send the power from the battery pack to the
power from the battery pack to the motor also right we all everyone know
motor also right we all everyone know this one now what we'll do is we will
this one now what we'll do is we will try to regenerate the power anyhow now
try to regenerate the power anyhow now brake to stop down the vehicle right why
brake to stop down the vehicle right why we will apply the brake obviously to
we will apply the brake obviously to stop the vehicle now we everyone we No,
stop the vehicle now we everyone we No, this is a this is not a motor nor a
this is a this is not a motor nor a generator, right? This is not a motor
generator, right? This is not a motor also. This is not a generator. This is
also. This is not a generator. This is just a
just a machine, right?
This is just a machine. What this machine will do
machine will do basically when I supply power
This will rotate and mechanical power is given out. When this machine is again
given out. When this machine is again rotated from the mechanical
power, this will generate the power.
power. Right?
Right? This is what it will do. Now imagine
This is what it will do. Now imagine that we have accelerated the vehicle.
The vehicle is moving on the road. Now we release the throttle. Obviously still
we release the throttle. Obviously still the vehicle will be in moving right
the vehicle will be in moving right because of the energy produced already
because of the energy produced already the motion produced in the vehicle. The
the motion produced in the vehicle. The vehicle will be in moving move in the
vehicle will be in moving move in the action at that time what will happen
action at that time what will happen basically when I'm throttling it the in
basically when I'm throttling it the in this one this is not only it will not
this one this is not only it will not only act as a motor it will act as a
only act as a motor it will act as a motor and generator simultaneously.
motor and generator simultaneously. It will act as a motor and generator
It will act as a motor and generator simultaneously. Now when we throttle
simultaneously. Now when we throttle what basically happen power from the
what basically happen power from the battery will flow to MCU and motor
battery will flow to MCU and motor because I'm throttling it power will
because I'm throttling it power will flow. Now when I release the throttle
flow. Now when I release the throttle when I make the throttle to zero
when I make the throttle to zero position what it will happen obviously
position what it will happen obviously the mechanical the motor will be
the mechanical the motor will be rotating vehicle at that condition this
rotating vehicle at that condition this motor will generate power and it will
motor will generate power and it will try to charge the battery pack.
try to charge the battery pack. It will try to recharge the battery
It will try to recharge the battery pack. Right? Now you agree with this
pack. Right? Now you agree with this one. Now everyone know how this machine
one. Now everyone know how this machine works. How this machine works? Power
works. How this machine works? Power mechanical power it will act as a motor.
mechanical power it will act as a motor. So that we we agree that this battery
So that we we agree that this battery whatever the power is generated from
whatever the power is generated from this battery pack we can recharge that
this battery pack we can recharge that battery.
battery. Can we recharge our battery pack with
Can we recharge our battery pack with the power generated from the
the power generated from the motor?
regenerative braking. Yes. Right. Now at this condition we got to know that this
this condition we got to know that this action will be done. Now this MCU what
action will be done. Now this MCU what is the part of this MCU? Now what this
is the part of this MCU? Now what this MCU will do?
MCU will do? What this MCU will do is we have two
What this MCU will do is we have two options. One is direct regeneration.
options. One is direct regeneration. There will be no hold right for this
There will be no hold right for this power to flow from MCU to motor we have
power to flow from MCU to motor we have some hold right we have a hold
when we throttle it power based on the throttle response the power from the
throttle response the power from the battery to motor will be there so that
battery to motor will be there so that there is some control but when I release
there is some control but when I release the throttle if there is no control when
the throttle if there is no control when the action is inversing the mechanical
the action is inversing the mechanical power is getting inputed because of the
power is getting inputed because of the motion of the vehicle
motion of the vehicle The power it will directly transmit to
The power it will directly transmit to battery, right?
battery, right? It will directly transmit to battery.
It will directly transmit to battery. So, we should have some control on that
So, we should have some control on that one, right?
one, right? Every time whenever I release the
Every time whenever I release the throttle, it will directly
act as the braking structure. For that itself what this MCU will do is in most
itself what this MCU will do is in most of the common vehicle in most of the
of the common vehicle in most of the common vehicles whenever we apply brake
common vehicles whenever we apply brake whenever we apply brake on brake this
whenever we apply brake on brake this MCU will cut off the power even though
MCU will cut off the power even though imagine even though I'm applying the
imagine even though I'm applying the throttle and I have applied the brake
throttle and I have applied the brake what this MCU will do is this MCU will
what this MCU will do is this MCU will cut off the power coming from the
cut off the power coming from the battery pack here when the switch is
battery pack here when the switch is when the brake is applied the battery
when the brake is applied the battery pack power will be cut off and because
pack power will be cut off and because the brake is getting applied what it
the brake is getting applied what it will do is already the power is got cut
will do is already the power is got cut off. Now what it will happen due to the
off. Now what it will happen due to the friction due to the action of the
friction due to the action of the vehicle this motor will send power red
vehicle this motor will send power red this will be connected here so this
this will be connected here so this power will be transmitted to the battery
power will be transmitted to the battery pack.
This is how a brake sensor plays a major role in region. Obviously when
role in region. Obviously when obviously we got to know when this motor
obviously we got to know when this motor is utilized when the motor is run on a
is utilized when the motor is run on a center stand on the center stand at no
center stand on the center stand at no load condition the power consumption is
load condition the power consumption is very less. We got to know that the mo
very less. We got to know that the mo when we
when we run this motor on a no load the power
run this motor on a no load the power consumption will be less. Next when I
consumption will be less. Next when I load this one when a person sits
load this one when a person sits obviously current consumption will be
obviously current consumption will be more. Now even in this mechanical
more. Now even in this mechanical factors it is the same. Even in the
factors it is the same. Even in the mechanical factor it will be the same.
mechanical factor it will be the same. Now that the power consumption
Now that the power consumption the power consumption is less the speed
the power consumption is less the speed of the motor
of the motor there will be no effect of in on the
there will be no effect of in on the speed of the motor. But when this
speed of the motor. But when this battery starts to consume the power
battery starts to consume the power generated from this battery pack this
generated from this battery pack this will gradually reduce down. the speed of
will gradually reduce down. the speed of the motor will gradually reduce down
the motor will gradually reduce down because the power is getting
because the power is getting transmitted back from motor to the
transmitted back from motor to the battery pack. It is the same vice versa
battery pack. It is the same vice versa when I load the motor power consumption
when I load the motor power consumption will be more. When I take the power
will be more. When I take the power mechanical power will be more.
mechanical power will be more. Right? When the mechanical power
Right? When the mechanical power consumption is more the force get
consumption is more the force get reduced. force gradually.
Hope everyone understood this concept how this regeneration is working.
very less answers. At least let me know you have understood
At least let me know you have understood or not. I want answers from everyone.
This is a very simple concept. Now we have our battery pack
have our battery pack which has an output which is connected
which has an output which is connected to our
to our MCU and this MCU then it is connected to
MCU and this MCU then it is connected to our
our motor.
motor. How basically our electric EV works? The
How basically our electric EV works? The power output
power output the power when I accelerate when we
the power when I accelerate when we throttle the power from the battery pack
throttle the power from the battery pack will come to MCU. Then the switching
will come to MCU. Then the switching process happens based on the input of
process happens based on the input of the motor. Then the power will be
the motor. Then the power will be transmitted to the motor. Now next
transmitted to the motor. Now next letter power battery in the motor MC
letter power battery in the motor MC through transmitter. This is how the
through transmitter. This is how the basic
basic power flow will be working. So everyone
power flow will be working. So everyone got to know about this working.
Everyone understood whenever we throttle whenever I throttle
whenever we throttle here obviously the power from the battery pack will be
power from the battery pack will be transmitted to motor.
transmitted to motor. Now
Now I'll have a inverse system where
I'll have a inverse system where I have my motor. Imagine this is
I have my motor. Imagine this is condition number one. At first
condition number one. At first condition, battery power from the
condition, battery power from the battery is flowing to the motor.
battery is flowing to the motor. At this condition, this is acting as a
motor because it is consuming power and this is acting as a motor. Now I have in
this is acting as a motor. Now I have in second situation. Now imagine I have
second situation. Now imagine I have started. Imagine you have to imagine now
started. Imagine you have to imagine now that you have started your vehicle.
that you have started your vehicle. you're moving on a flat road or a
you're moving on a flat road or a downwards road. At downwards road
downwards road. At downwards road obviously we will not accelerate the
obviously we will not accelerate the vehicle right we will not obviously
vehicle right we will not obviously accelerate the vehicle at this condition
accelerate the vehicle at this condition the what the connections will be the
the what the connections will be the same we have our
same we have our MCU and we have our
battery pack but in this situation how the power flow will be there
the power flow will be there how the power flow will be
how the power flow will be Now we we know initially the power was
Now we we know initially the power was coming from the battery pack. Now due to
coming from the battery pack. Now due to the motion the vehicle tire will be
the motion the vehicle tire will be rotating right. Obviously due to the
rotating right. Obviously due to the motion
motion at that condition what will happen
at that condition what will happen obviously
obviously motor?
motor? What will happen when the motor is
What will happen when the motor is rotated due to external force
this power will be generated from this thing at that condition what this MCU
thing at that condition what this MCU will do is this MCU will send this power
will do is this MCU will send this power back to battery pack.
That that condition the power which is generated in this motor will be sent
generated in this motor will be sent back to battery pack recharging that
back to battery pack recharging that right at this condition what it will
right at this condition what it will happen.
This is very simple concept about the regeneration. Now what is the work of
regeneration. Now what is the work of this brake sensor? Brake sensor.
Now in this one we had the throttle here for the control right
MCU connect motor direct. Now imagine in the previous class also we had discussed
the previous class also we had discussed imagining that you're sitting on the
imagining that you're sitting on the vehicle you directly turn on the key key
vehicle you directly turn on the key key turn on
turn on battery in the direct to power motor
battery in the direct to power motor obviously at maximum speed the vehicle
obviously at maximum speed the vehicle will start to run
right to avoid that what we had we to avoid that we had our throttle there
avoid that we had our throttle there based on the throttle the speed of the
based on the throttle the speed of the motor was determined Now there must be
motor was determined Now there must be something for this determination right
something for this determination right there must be some control to recharge
there must be some control to recharge my battery pack.
my battery pack. So at that condition
So at that condition anyhow we got to know that one of the
anyhow we got to know that one of the sensitivity part it will be connected to
sensitivity part it will be connected to the
the MCU. Whenever this brake is pressed
MCU. Whenever this brake is pressed that sensing part will be connected to
that sensing part will be connected to the MCU. One feedback of the M brake
the MCU. One feedback of the M brake sensor will brake switch will be
sensor will brake switch will be connected to the MCU there. At this MCU
connected to the MCU there. At this MCU connection whenever what this MCU
connection whenever what this MCU microcontroller is again data fitted for
microcontroller is again data fitted for that one whenever you are receiving the
that one whenever you are receiving the signal you should
signal you should cut off the power flow. You should cut
cut off the power flow. You should cut off the power flow. What this MCU will
off the power flow. What this MCU will do now? What this MCU will do? Now
do now? What this MCU will do? Now obviously gradually I'm throttling it.
obviously gradually I'm throttling it. Imagine now just imagine forget about
Imagine now just imagine forget about this in this situation the first
this in this situation the first combination if we talk about the first
combination if we talk about the first condition.
If we talk about the first condition, in the first condition
the first condition while throttling if I apply the brake
while throttling if I apply the brake obviously the motor load will be
obviously the motor load will be increased and power flow which was
increased and power flow which was consuming around the power flow will be
consuming around the power flow will be increased. Maximum current will be flown
increased. Maximum current will be flown for that. Right? To avoid that what we
for that. Right? To avoid that what we are doing we are having this brake
are doing we are having this brake sensor. Whenever the brake is pressed,
sensor. Whenever the brake is pressed, we have told that MCU
we have told that MCU we whenever the brake is pressed, we
we whenever the brake is pressed, we have told this MCU that you should cut
have told this MCU that you should cut off the power from the battery pack
off the power from the battery pack which is going to that in the sense
which is going to that in the sense whenever I'm pressing the brake. Now,
whenever I'm pressing the brake. Now, now example, I'll press the brake. What
now example, I'll press the brake. What this MCU will do is this will cut off
this MCU will do is this will cut off the power which is going to the
the power which is going to the motor there. When the power is cut off,
motor there. When the power is cut off, what will happen? Obviously,
obviously what it will happen the motor will be still running because of the
will be still running because of the motion created previously the mo the
motion created previously the mo the vehicle will be in action but the mo
vehicle will be in action but the mo power supply only will be cut off only
power supply only will be cut off only the power flow will be cut off not the
the power flow will be cut off not the motor at this condition what will happen
motor at this condition what will happen when this motor is still rotating and it
when this motor is still rotating and it is not receiving any power what it will
is not receiving any power what it will happen obviously this will act as a
happen obviously this will act as a generator at that time.
So at this condition, this will be the second condition wherein the power will
second condition wherein the power will come from the motor back to the
come from the motor back to the battery pack. Now that we have pressed
battery pack. Now that we have pressed the brake, this MCU will what it will
the brake, this MCU will what it will basically do the switching the sending
basically do the switching the sending of power from battery to MCU. It will
of power from battery to MCU. It will cut off and it will start to send the
cut off and it will start to send the power from motor to battery pack.
But you have a question very nice question. when we apply the brake
question. when we apply the brake obviously the vehicle will stop but s
obviously the vehicle will stop but s instantly the vehicle will not be
instantly the vehicle will not be stopped right when I apply now imagine
stopped right when I apply now imagine that you're going in a speed of 80 km/h
that you're going in a speed of 80 km/h speed now if you apply the brake that 80
speed now if you apply the brake that 80 km speed will instantly not come to zero
km speed will instantly not come to zero right obviously gradually it will come
right obviously gradually it will come down from 80 to 40 40 to 20 30 it will
down from 80 to 40 40 to 20 30 it will gradually decrease the speed will
gradually decrease the speed will gradually decrease but at this condition
gradually decrease but at this condition when we have pressed applied the brake
when we have pressed applied the brake Both electrical and braking, electrical
Both electrical and braking, electrical braking and mechanical braking will
braking and mechanical braking will happen. Right? At this condition,
happen. Right? At this condition, electrical braking will utilize the
electrical braking will utilize the power which is generated from the motor
power which is generated from the motor and it will recharge the battery. You
and it will recharge the battery. You understand this will this will happen
understand this will this will happen only for a fraction of second when
only for a fraction of second when applying brake
applying brake simple
simple throttle battery
throttle battery throttle bit motor in the battery
throttle bit motor in the battery now throttle
now throttle motor so to avoid that situation
motor so to avoid that situation whenever I'm both actions are done
whenever I'm both actions are done throttling and braking only braking will
throttling and braking only braking will be sensed throttle will be cut off. At
be sensed throttle will be cut off. At that condition, the power from battery
that condition, the power from battery to motor will also be not sent.
Right? Hope everyone understood about this reg
Hope everyone understood about this reg uh regenerative uh braking how this
uh regenerative uh braking how this regeneration is done.
No, see this MCU plays a very major role. This you can imagine now at
role. This you can imagine now at certain times both from the power from
certain times both from the power from the battery pack is also coming the
the battery pack is also coming the power from the motor is also coming both
power from the motor is also coming both the power it might damage the MCU right
the power it might damage the MCU right but actually we have lot of MOSFETs for
but actually we have lot of MOSFETs for lot of microcontrollers inside the MCU
lot of microcontrollers inside the MCU to monitor everything right each
to monitor everything right each microcontroller each MOSFETs it will be
microcontroller each MOSFETs it will be interconnected when this brake is
interconnected when this brake is applied that the microcontroller will
applied that the microcontroller will send signal to that MOSFET that stop the
send signal to that MOSFET that stop the power from the battery pack to the motor
power from the battery pack to the motor and it will tell the other MOSFET to
and it will tell the other MOSFET to switch on that the power from this motor
switch on that the power from this motor should go to the battery pack. Right?
should go to the battery pack. Right? That this all of this action will be
That this all of this action will be operating in micro nanconds. Right?
operating in micro nanconds. Right? Still much more higher switching
Still much more higher switching frequencies.
Right? Everyone understood how this power flows. This is the normal. This is
power flows. This is the normal. This is called as the throttling action.
This is called as the throttling action. This is called as the
throttling action. This is called as the regenerative or breaking
or the braking concept, right? Braking and
throttling. These two are the concept. Now you got it. How the this was a very
Now you got it. How the this was a very simple concept actually.
simple concept actually. First condition
but a simple circuit. We were operating the entire regeneration of the battery
the entire regeneration of the battery pack in this one. What what are the
pack in this one. What what are the advantage of this one? So can we note
advantage of this one? So can we note down some advantages of this?
Can we note down few advantages of that? So we have different types of advantages
So we have different types of advantages in this side. We have multiple
in this side. We have multiple advantages in this entire structure.
advantages in this entire structure. When it comes for just imagine and check
When it comes for just imagine and check whether how many advantages we have in
whether how many advantages we have in this
Now we will try to list out some advantages of this braking system. The
advantages of this braking system. The first thing is losses will be minimized.
first thing is losses will be minimized. Energy efficiency. Yes,
Energy efficiency. Yes, the energy efficiency will be more. How
the energy efficiency will be more. How is this energy efficiency more? How
is this energy efficiency more? How energy efficiency is more?
Because of less losses, right? Because of less losses.
How is this less loss occurred? Because even though at the time of accelerating
even though at the time of accelerating even though at the time of throttling if
even though at the time of throttling if there is no work of this brake uh sensor
there is no work of this brake uh sensor I'm I'm throttling and breaking both
I'm I'm throttling and breaking both actions are done obviously the
actions are done obviously the consumption of the motor power will be
consumption of the motor power will be wasted. They're right obviously the
wasted. They're right obviously the power will be wasted. The power stored
power will be wasted. The power stored from the battery pack is getting
from the battery pack is getting converted into heat energy. Our main
converted into heat energy. Our main motor is to convert the stored
motor is to convert the stored power to convert that into kinetic
power to convert that into kinetic energy. Right? The motion we have to
energy. Right? The motion we have to create that for the motion.
less mechanical loss. How less mechanical loss? Because there is no
mechanical loss? Because there is no friction. Now imagine that when I'm
friction. Now imagine that when I'm applying my brake, when I apply my
applying my brake, when I apply my brake, obviously the brake pads which is
brake, obviously the brake pads which is connected for the wheel that will be
connected for the wheel that will be worn out. The brake pads will be worn
worn out. The brake pads will be worn out. Right? brake. When I apply the
out. Right? brake. When I apply the brake, obviously the rotating motor, it
brake, obviously the rotating motor, it will try to hold this one and this will
will try to hold this one and this will be worn out. But when this brake sensor
be worn out. But when this brake sensor is applied, when this brake sensor is
is applied, when this brake sensor is applied, regeneration is also happening.
applied, regeneration is also happening. So that the pressure on this mechanical
So that the pressure on this mechanical braking will be decreased. So less
braking will be decreased. So less mechanical loss even the mechanical loss
mechanical loss even the mechanical loss is also decreased. Then
higher breaking then what could be the advantage? Think as a engineers think
it is not actually user friendly. It this structure which we have done it is
this structure which we have done it is not user friendly. What basically
not user friendly. What basically happens is when you we as an Indians we
happens is when you we as an Indians we have
have whenever you have turning around you for
whenever you have turning around you for example you have for you can imagine now
example you have for you can imagine now if you are driving a car you can imagine
if you are driving a car you can imagine that you are stuck in an up situation
that you are stuck in an up situation now you have to hold the brake and then
now you have to hold the brake and then accelerate
accelerate right now until and unless you release
right now until and unless you release the brake completely you cannot
the brake completely you cannot accelerate
accelerate right imagine in a situation where
right imagine in a situation where you're Consider you are driving a car
you're Consider you are driving a car and you're in the slopey area where
and you're in the slopey area where once you release the brake automatically
once you release the brake automatically the car will move back but until and
the car will move back but until and unless you remove the brake our MCU what
unless you remove the brake our MCU what it will do the MCU will not send the
it will do the MCU will not send the power from the battery to the motor.
power from the battery to the motor. So this is not a user friendly
So this is not a user friendly thing but it is a friendly application
thing but it is a friendly application for the healthier battery pack and the
for the healthier battery pack and the motor. Right now the effect of
motor age will be more more motor
that was the application for a car and if sometimes
if sometimes few has that because basically I'll not
few has that because basically I'll not tell everyone few as
tell everyone few as it is like brake now hold my they'll try
it is like brake now hold my they'll try to U-turn right.
to U-turn right. So at that condition if they hold the
So at that condition if they hold the brake and if they try to accelerate
brake and if they try to accelerate obviously the vehicle will not move
increase in range basically more range
because of less losses more range then eco-friendly
Think what could be the other advantageous thing.
in this one. So in tomorrow's session I want the answers from you. I want the
want the answers from you. I want the answers from you. What will be the
answers from you. What will be the advantage of this
advantage of this braking systems right now? We will note
braking systems right now? We will note down some disadvantage points also. What
down some disadvantage points also. What are the disadvantage? Because we had our
are the disadvantage? Because we had our advantage point also. We will note some
advantage point also. We will note some disadvantage point also.
what is the disadvantage? Start typing the disadvantage.
the disadvantage. Life cycle
life cycle will be decreased. life cycle battery
life cycle will be decreased. How battery life cycle will be decreased?
battery life cycle will be decreased? Battery life cycle decreased.
how life cycle is decreased because see when we initially learned when we have a
when we initially learned when we have a battery pack for example I have a
battery pack for example I have a lithium ion battery pack which can be
lithium ion battery pack which can be utilized maximumly up to,200 cycles it
utilized maximumly up to,200 cycles it can be 2,200 to 2,000 cycles
can be 2,200 to 2,000 cycles approximately we had got for a
approximately we had got for a lithiumion battery pack now
lithiumion battery pack now what we also got to know that how is
what we also got to know that how is this cycle done I have my 0% battery
this cycle done I have my 0% battery pack now I will charge it till 100%.
pack now I will charge it till 100%. And again make it to 0%. Right? Or from
And again make it to 0%. Right? Or from 100% to 0% and again make it 100%.
100% to 0% and again make it 100%. This is called as one cycle. Complete
This is called as one cycle. Complete usage and complete charging
is called as one cycle. At this condition when regenerating both action
condition when regenerating both action is happening. Sometimes it likes it is
is happening. Sometimes it likes it is most commonly we use acceleration and
most commonly we use acceleration and deaceleration right applying brakes and
deaceleration right applying brakes and accelerating it is most commonly
accelerating it is most commonly happening thing.
happening thing. So obviously the life cycle of this will
So obviously the life cycle of this will be decreased because of both charging
be decreased because of both charging and discharging happening
and discharging happening simultaneously.
simultaneously. Right? So due to irregular charging and
Right? So due to irregular charging and discharging obviously the life cycle
discharging obviously the life cycle will be affected.
design is complex. Next
Next MCO
MCU gets decreased quickly because obviously with so much of switching
obviously with so much of switching actions it has to whenever we throttle
actions it has to whenever we throttle it has to send the power from the
it has to send the power from the battery to the motor. When we apply the
battery to the motor. When we apply the brake it has to stop and again it has to
brake it has to stop and again it has to switch and send the power from motor to
switch and send the power from motor to battery. the switching will be
more so MCU aging of MCU will be more aging of MCU age will be more
cost is very less see because in this one cost doesn't at all matter only
one cost doesn't at all matter only thing is with the existing equipment we
thing is with the existing equipment we are doing there is no other additional
are doing there is no other additional system which we are adding it so in the
system which we are adding it so in the First uh in the first circuit we had our
First uh in the first circuit we had our temperature sensor to cool down our
temperature sensor to cool down our battery pack wherein we to cool down the
battery pack wherein we to cool down the battery pack we wanted an additional fan
battery pack we wanted an additional fan additional temperature sensor to mount
additional temperature sensor to mount we had additional cost which has to be
we had additional cost which has to be added but in this one braking system is
added but in this one braking system is already equipped in the vehicle. It was
already equipped in the vehicle. It was a necessary part to apply the brake. The
a necessary part to apply the brake. The brake light has to be indicated for a
brake light has to be indicated for a rare person to see it. Then we already
rare person to see it. Then we already had our MCU the power flow from the
had our MCU the power flow from the motor to controller. Only thing is
motor to controller. Only thing is MOSFET is there. So with the existing
MOSFET is there. So with the existing equipments we are doing it. So the cost
equipments we are doing it. So the cost factor doesn't come here.
This braking system regenerative braking system it is only an option. This alone
system it is only an option. This alone this alone regenerative braking system
this alone regenerative braking system cannot stop the vehicle. Right.
depends on mechanical braking also. So individually this cannot
individually this cannot only individually this entire system
only individually this entire system cannot hold the
control unit. What is MSU? It is motor control unit.
This is all about our regeneration of
regeneration of braking.
braking. Simple words, we have our braking
Simple words, we have our braking circuit. braking and making circuit.
circuit. braking and making circuit. From the additional 12 volts, we have
From the additional 12 volts, we have our braking switch. Here
we have our braking system attached to this.
attached to this. The connection will go to MCU and the
The connection will go to MCU and the MCU will do the throttling and
quick response. Yes, quick response will be there. It is like immediate action.
be there. It is like immediate action. Whenever it will, it should not even
Whenever it will, it should not even take a fraction of second. Whenever
take a fraction of second. Whenever immediately when I apply the brake,
immediately when I apply the brake, obviously instantly the MCU has to cut
obviously instantly the MCU has to cut off the
off the power from battery to motor. Right? This
power from battery to motor. Right? This is what will be there inside the
is what will be there inside the regenerative braking system.
We'll be shall we look into the next sensor type or we will continue in the
sensor type or we will continue in the next session.
next session. We will shall we look into the next type
We will shall we look into the next type of sensor or the working part in an EV
of sensor or the working part in an EV or we will move to the next session.
Yes. For today's internship diary, what should we write today's internship
should we write today's internship diary? Basically for today's internship
diary? Basically for today's internship diary in the morning session what we
diary in the morning session what we have learned in the morning session.
In the morning session we have learned the calculation. We have learned about
the calculation. We have learned about the calculation of a LFP battery pack 50
the calculation of a LFP battery pack 50 kilob. This should be the format which
kilob. This should be the format which you have to write right
you have to write right whatever you have you writing in the
whatever you have you writing in the video internship diary everything will
video internship diary everything will be validated what you're writing with
be validated what you're writing with the base of 50 kilowatt battery pack
the base of 50 kilowatt battery pack that you have calculation all the
that you have calculation all the selection of BMS was done for the
selection of BMS was done for the selection of BMS what are the procedure
selection of BMS what are the procedure that you have done that everything has
that you have done that everything has to be uploaded and in the evening it
to be uploaded and in the evening it will be a combination of what you have
will be a combination of what you have learned you have learned about the
learned you have learned about the braking system, the braking system. What
braking system, the braking system. What are what is about the braking system?
are what is about the braking system? When it comes for the braking system,
When it comes for the braking system, the regeneration braking, how the
the regeneration braking, how the regeneration braking is work happening
regeneration braking is work happening with the regeneration braking, what are
with the regeneration braking, what are the advantages which we saw, what are
the advantages which we saw, what are the disadvantage and how basically
the disadvantage and how basically regeneration braking the switch brake
regeneration braking the switch brake and sub brake switching how this brake
and sub brake switching how this brake switching is working. Based on this
switching is working. Based on this brake switching the power flow from the
brake switching the power flow from the battery to MCU from the MCU to the motor
battery to MCU from the MCU to the motor will be cut off and the regeneration
will be cut off and the regeneration will be working right with a very simple
will be working right with a very simple thing just upload about today's
thing just upload about today's internship diary tomorrow we will be
internship diary tomorrow we will be meeting with a new concept new working
meeting with a new concept new working things right so I think we have solved
things right so I think we have solved many problems it's like the entire thing
many problems it's like the entire thing rather than the theoretical session
rather than the theoretical session There was more calculations in the
There was more calculations in the entire thing, right? Only calculation,
entire thing, right? Only calculation, calculation, calcifications because
calculation, calcifications because based on this very calculation itself,
based on this very calculation itself, the addition, multiplication, precision,
the addition, multiplication, precision, we have our entire AV system working
we have our entire AV system working right. Bye everyone. We will meet you in
right. Bye everyone. We will meet you in the tomorrow session. Upload the video
the tomorrow session. Upload the video sessions. If you have any of the doubts
sessions. If you have any of the doubts try to solve many problems on the
try to solve many problems on the battery pack designing because this BMS
battery pack designing because this BMS design and the microcontroller feed data
design and the microcontroller feed data feeding has a very good scope in the
feeding has a very good scope in the industry. You cannot even imagine how
industry. You cannot even imagine how much those engineers are getting paid
much those engineers are getting paid right. So try focusing on learning of
right. So try focusing on learning of all the factors all the factors where
all the factors all the factors where you have core interest right core
you have core interest right core interest try to learn that one. Now you
interest try to learn that one. Now you have the inputs. How can we feed this
have the inputs. How can we feed this one? Based on this one, what will happen
one? Based on this one, what will happen in the next that you have to
check, right? Bye everyone. Thank you. We will meet in the tomorrow session.
We will meet in the tomorrow session. Bye-bye.
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