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Hand & wrist bones & muscles of the hand

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This content provides a detailed anatomical overview of the bones and muscles of the right hand, focusing on their locations, functions, and nerve innervations.

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quick one I got to be really quick

because there's some students who want

to come in and use the lab they're doing

some revision exams or something um so

we looked at the forearm and the hand

last time and sorry I started talking

about extensor carpy oh know I started

talking about the extens of carpy

radialis muscles and I flipped and

started calling them flexor carpy

radialis brevis and flexor carpy

radialis long sorry thank you Terence

for pointing that out um I've added a

little annotation so watch out for that

yeah so this week we got that far how

about we do that bit we do that bit just

add the next set of muscles on there so

here's the hand um I got the bones as

well so we maybe talk about some of the

carpal bones should we start with the

carpal bones can do right so let's stick

with the right hand cuz that model is

the right hand as well so here's the

right hand here's the thumb here's the

first metac carple of the thumb the

first metac carple articulates with

trapezium trapezium is here so trapezium

then has scaphoid

and scoid is between trapezium and the

radius and it's the scaphoid that people

break when they fall and break their for

with a flexed wrist and so on and of

course we were talking about the

anatomical snuff box if you if somebody

has broken their scaphoid bone you can

often tell that it's broken by uh poking

inside the anatomical snuff box in

between those tendons that's where you

find the scaphoid bone and if they get

pain they may well have broken the

scaphoid bone the other thing I always

remember is is this little bone here

like a PE so that's peasy form also over

this side we've got this hook this is

the hook of the hammade so the hamate is

over here so this is over by digiti

minimi the little finger

finger

um and pey form is beside triquetrum so

now we got three more bones left these

two in the middle we've got capitate and

lunate so capitate is the big one here

so capitate is articulating articulating

with this metacarpal here uh and lunate

is around

here so trapezium scao and then the little

bone so that's

trapezoid so trapezium at the base of

the thumb scaphoid between the trapezi

trapezium and the radius bone and

trapezoid is the little bone in there

and then we've got capitate and

lunate and then the one with a hook

that's the hamate hook of the hamate

this P here is peasy form and peasi

form is on top of

wrist what about the muscles the muscles

so here are the muscles of the hand um

we talked about palmara longest last

week as one of these tendons here so

palar long as continues and it flattens

out into this a Pon eurosis this is a

palmara Pon eurosis this flatten

connective tissue sheet which actually

is tightly adherent to the skin this is

really awkward to dissect away from the

skin because it it sticks so tightly to

it and it's important when gripping

things it gives you a good grip As you

move your hand to hold on to something

so let's take that

off BL

me um there's usually um a palmaris

brevis muscle in there as well which is

missing from this so right hand should

we take the thumb first so the thumb we

said was the pox so the muscles of the

thumb are picus muscles and we have this

lump here this

Mass all right which is the thear

Eminence uh literally it means you know

that bit of your hand that's where the

word came from it's the the ball of the

thumb and we have some muscles here now

we talked

about we talked about uh so we've got flexion

flexion

an extension an abduction an

adduction so these muscles are doing

those jobs and are named appropriately

so this muscle out here right so if you

if you contract this muscle you're going to

be abducting the thumb and we saw there

is a long abductor of the thumb this is

a short abductor of the thumb so this is

um abductor pocis brevis

inductor pois brevis is going from the

scaphoid and trapezium bones and

inserting into part of the the connected

tissues of the thumb but also into

the the proximal fank here we've got so

with this is the muscle that's going to

help us Flex this is flex aolis brevis

also going from trapezium out to the

first fanal bone uh abduct AIS brevis

and flex aolis brevis now if we take

those off we see the third muscle of the

thear remance and this here is the um

opponent's pocis muscle so opponent's

pocis that again goes from the tra the

trapezium bone but it passes to the

first metacarpal and that does a couple

of things cuz rather than flexing the

thummal it it it flexes that joint but

it also rotates that joint a little bit

so if we're talking about if we're

talking about opposition of bringing the

thumb and the little finger together

opponent's pisses give some rotation to

help that so those are the three muscles

of the thear

those are innovated by the media nerve

um there's another muscle here which you

can see if I take that off that

helps this is a adductor policis so if

that is abduction then this is adduction

then adductor policis is bringing the

thumb back to the fingers this is what

adductor pocis is doing now this has got

two heads it's got two parts um so

there's usually some all Innovation

there so while the muscles of the theeni

remnants are innovated by the median

nerve this adductor pocis muscle is also

innovated by the owner nerve so if a

patient has um median nerve weakness

then they still may be able to adduct

their thumb just

thumb on the other side of the hand we

have muscles that let us move our little

finger independently gives us a little

bit more control so these muscles are of

the little finger these muscles are of

digiti minimi so if these muscles are of

the little finger they're of um their

digiti minimi muscles and we can use the

same thinking again so if you abduct

your little finger then there's a muscle

here which will be abductor digiti

minimi uh so that's that's this muscle

here and of course this is flexion oh

look see I got to flex other fingers if

I flex my little finger that's I'm using

flexor digiti minimite as well as other

muscles but then this muscle then is

anterior so this is flexa digiti minimi

this is in fact flexa digiti minimi

brevis because there is also a flexa

digiti minimi longest which I think we

talked about last time um flexor digiti

minimi brevis is coming from the hook of

the hamate and abductor digiti minimi is

coming from PE form and then they're

extending into the extensor retinaculum

these connected tissues at the back of

the finger and into the U the proximal

fingy your bone of the fifth digit now

if we take those muscles off there we go

we can see this deeper muscle and this

deeper muscle look how it's kind of

twisting around here this is opponent's

digiti minimiz so this is the opposite

uh this is the matching muscle to

opponent's policis and uh so opponent's

digiti minimize passing from the hook of

the Hammet to the fifth meta carpal and

if you contract that muscle that's going

to rotate this joint and probably Aid in

flexion so it's helping that opposition

movement so that's opponent's digiti

minimi so those are the muscles of the hypoa

hypoa

Eminence oh the hypothenar muscles are

also innovated by the eler neres eler

nerve medium nerve so Theo remnance

hyperth remnance Adu pocis all right

we're almost there um I took this off so

these are the tendons of flexa digitorum

superficialis and beneath those flexor

digitorum profundus that we looked at

last time and we have these muscles here

these muscles are pretty unique in the

body and instead of passing from bone to

bone they're passing from connective

tissue to connective tissue these are

the lumbal so these

lumbal the lumbal pass from the tendons

of flexid digitorum

profundus to the extensor hoods the

extensor connective tissues of the

fingers look you can see this

here now the lumbal well they'll do this

is a weird thing but uh um they kind of they

they

help Flex the metacarpo Fingal joint

while also pulling on the extensor

sheaths to keep the Fingal joints

extended right so it

let it lets you do it kind of lets you

do that it lets you bend a straightened

finger these are the lumbal giving us

that control all right um two more

sets we have interus muscles interus

literally between bones so we've got

these metacarpal uh bones in here right

and we have muscles running from the

metacarpal bones up again to the the

extensor hoods and we have palar interus

muscles and we have d interus muscles

which we'd be able to see if we took all

these apart the palmon interus muscles

pass from the metacarpal to those

extensor hoods and the dorsal osus

muscles do the same but they're on the

dorsal side the we can use we can

remember pad and dab so the Palma

interus muscles adduct the dorsal

interus muscles abduct pad and dab right

they're all innovated by the olner nerve

so that's a test of the eler nerve so

abduction adduction um

Okay so we've looked at the carpal bones

and the metacarpal and the Fang the

fanges um in the hand then we want to

think about the Palmar

aponeurosis the muscles of the thear

remnance innovated by the median nerve

the muscles of the hypoa Eminence

innovated by the ELA nerve the lumbal

and the Palmar interus muscles and the

dorsal interus muscles which let us

adduct and abduct also innovated by the

El the nerve and then don't forget

adductor policis uh and forms this forms

kind this is this bit here this part of

the web all right right I'm done I got

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YouTube Transcript:Hand & wrist bones & muscles of the hand