YouTube Transcript:
Quarter 2 Competency 3 | Protons, Neutrons & Electrons Explained | MATATAG Science Grade 8
Skip watching entire videos - get the full transcript, search for keywords, and copy with one click.
Share:
Video Transcript
Available languages:
View:
Every atom is like a mini universe. But
deep inside it, three tiny heroes work
together to decide everything about what
that atom is, how stable it is, and how
it behaves. Today, we're zooming in
inside the atom to meet three of the
tiniest but powerful particles in the
universe. The proton, the neutron, and
[Music]
Last time we learned that every atom has
a dense core called the nucleus and
surrounding it like layers of an onion
are shells where electrons move around.
But today we're taking our zoom lens
even closer to uncover the tiny secrets
hidden inside. First up, the leader of
the pack, the proton. Let's start with
its symbol. Protons are represented as
P+ because they carry a positive charge.
That little plus sign is important. They
have a positive one charge, meaning they
contribute a positive electrical force
inside the atom. Before we talk about
the mass of these tiny particles, let's
first understand the unit scientists
used. It's called the atomic mass unit
or amu for short. 1 amu is about 1.67 *
10 -27 kg.
That's incredibly tiny. Even if you had
a million trillion protons, they would
still weigh less than a grain of sand.
Using amu makes it easier to talk about
mass without getting lost in long
numbers full of zeros. Protons are
relatively heavy for a subatomic
particle. Around one atomic mass unit or
about 1.6726
* 10 -27 kg.
And where we can find protons? Protons
sit right at the center of the atom in
the nucleus where they help define the
identity of the element.
Protons are like the identity card of an
atom. They tell us exactly what element
it is. Think of protons like your ID
card. They decide who you are. If you
have one proton, you're hydrogen. Three
protons, you're lithium. Six, you're
carbon. If you have 118 protons, you are
the rare and heavy agoness. Change the
number of protons and change the element
completely. Protons are what gives an
atom its true identity.
So protons give an atom its identity,
but there's someone else working quietly
beside them. Someone just as important,
but much more neutral. Let's meet the neutron.
neutron.
Neutrons are the calm neutral members of
the atomic family. Neutrons are
represented by the symbol N0. And that
little zero, it tells something very
important. They have no charge. They are
completely neutral. Which is actually
where their name comes from. Neutron.
Neutrons have about the same mass as
protons. Roughly 1 amu or about 1.6749
6749 * 10 -27 kg.
Dust is slightly heavier than a proton.
Neutrons also live in the nucleus right
alongside protons.
Neutrons may not have a charge, but
don't let that fool you. Their real
power lies in keeping the atoms core
from falling apart.
Let's see how they help maintain
stability inside the nucleus.
Inside an atom's nucleus, protons are
packed closely together. But since they
all have positive charges, they tend to
repel each other. If nothing stopped
this repulsion, the nucleus would become
unstable and eventually break apart.
This is where neutrons become important.
Neutrons have no charge, but they help
by reducing the repulsion between
protons. They act like a stabilizer or
think of them as atomic glue, holding
the nucleus together and keeping the
atom stable. Neutrons help keep the atom
stable, but having too many or too few
can cause problems. For example, carbon
12 has six protons and six neutrons.
It's stable. Carbon 14 also has six
protons, but eight neutrons. It's still
carbon, but the extra neutrons make it
unstable. That's why carbon 14 is radioactive.
radioactive.
Neutrons are like glue, but without the
right amount, the nucleus can fall
apart. So, yes, neutrons help hold the
atom together, but they aren't the ones
making atoms into rock. For that, we
need something smaller, something
faster, something charged with energy.
It's time to meet the electron.
The electron written as E minus, that
tiny minus sign, it means big things in
science. Electrons carry a negative one
charge. That's the exact opposite of a
proton. This negative charge is super
important for electricity and chemical
bonding. Electrons are extremely light,
about 1 over 1,836
the mass of a proton. To put that in
perspective, imagine a balanced scale.
On one side, just one proton. On the
other, it would take about 1,836
electrons to balance the scale. That's
how tiny electrons are in terms of mass,
almost weightless on the atomic scale.
And unlike protons and neutrons,
electrons aren't in the nucleus. They
zoom around it in areas called shells or
energy levels.
Electrons are in charge literally of all
chemical reactions.
They decide how atoms interact, bond and
form everything from water molecules to
living cells.
Now electrons may be tiny but their role massive.
massive.
Let's zoom in how electrons drive
chemical reactivity.
Electrons, especially the ones in the
outermost shell called veence electrons,
decide how an atom behaves in a chemical
reaction. Atoms become more stable by
gaining, losing or sharing these electrons.
electrons.
Think of electrons like social connections.
connections.
How atoms interact depends on how many
friends they have or want.
So yes, electrons bring the excitement
in chemistry. They're the ones forming
bonds, breaking them, and starting all
the action. But here's the thing.
Electrons don't work alone. To truly
understand how an atom behaves, you have
to meet all three players. Because every
atom's story is a mix of identity,
stability, and reactivity.
Protons give the atom its identity. They
say, "This is who I am." Neutrons add
stability, keeping the nucleus from
falling apart.
and electrons drive reactivity, deciding
who to bond with and when. Together,
these three tiny heroes are the reason
everything exists. From the smallest
grain of sand to the beating heart of a star.
star.
And that's a wrap. This is Learning with
G. Stay curious, stay inspired, and I'll
see you in the next lesson. Thank you so
Click on any text or timestamp to jump to that moment in the video
Share:
Most transcripts ready in under 5 seconds
One-Click Copy125+ LanguagesSearch ContentJump to Timestamps
Paste YouTube URL
Enter any YouTube video link to get the full transcript
Transcript Extraction Form
Most transcripts ready in under 5 seconds
Get Our Chrome Extension
Get transcripts instantly without leaving YouTube. Install our Chrome extension for one-click access to any video's transcript directly on the watch page.
Works with YouTube, Coursera, Udemy and more educational platforms
Get Instant Transcripts: Just Edit the Domain in Your Address Bar!
YouTube
←
→
↻
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UF8uR6Z6KLc
YoutubeToText
←
→
↻
https://youtubetotext.net/watch?v=UF8uR6Z6KLc