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MeshCore Presentation by Liam Cottle | Liam Cottle | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: MeshCore Presentation by Liam Cottle
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Summary
Core Theme
MeshCore is a secure, off-grid, low-power mesh communication system utilizing LoRa radio technology, designed for reliable messaging and data transmission without internet or cellular dependence, offering a robust alternative to existing mesh networks like Meshtastic.
ations tonight. Uh the first the main
presentation um is around mesh core and
um you've actually been able to get one
of the um uh developers um of the uh
well the developer of the application um
so uh Liam Liam Codles 2DEV
uh might give you a clue as to uh what
profession he's uh uh in. So, uh, I'll
let uh I'll let Liam I'll stop sharing
and, uh, Liam, um, the floor is yours.
>> Cool. All right. Uh, I'm Liam. Liam
Cotle, uh, software engineer here in
Gizbborne, uh, also a licensed amateur
operator based on the cool sign hiding
in the corner there. Um, yeah, so I'm
going to run you through a bit about
Meshcore. Uh, and also comparing that to
the likes of other networks like
Meshtastic. You may have heard of that.
Um, I will get these slides up real
quick and we'll jump into it. All right.
Uh, first off, there's a little little
bit of a picture of a little um,
solarite solar antenna mesh node here
that I built uh, over a year and a half
or so ago when I started playing with
Meshtastic. And that's still up there up
on that hill uh, sending messages away.
A few screenshots of the Mesh Core app
as well if you haven't seen it.
All right. So, uh, what is Meshcore? Uh,
it's a simple, secure, off-grid mesh
communication system that uses Laura,
which is a long range, uh, radio
protocol. Uh, the world record directly
between two mesh radios with this uh,
Laura system is over 300 km. Uh, there
was another world record that was over
a,000 or so, but as far as I know, that
wasn't using these little mesh radios.
that was using some more crazy antennas
and might have been Laurowan or
something along those lines. Um, it runs
on low power microcontrollers, uh, such
as the ones that you can see on the side
here. Uh, a little antenna sticking up,
little microcontroller, uh, and there's
a couple boards down there in the bottom
right. Um, so for this uh, mesh stuff, I
recommend boards that are nrf52based
um, because they're very very power
efficient. uh you get about a week on
2,000 milliamp hours of uh battery
versus some of the ESP2 ESP32 boards uh
that you might have heard of such as a
Heltech V3. Um this mesh stuff uh in
Laura operates in the ISM bands such as
uh 433 MHz, A68 and 915 which are free
to use without needing a license. Uh
it's all very very low power stuff so
you won't be sending a kilowatt over
over the mesh. Uh, New Zealand primarily
uses the 915 mehertz band. Um, there is
actually a default channel uh, note down
the bottom, but that is uh, not correct.
This is a this is a copy paste of my
meshtastic presentation with a few
changes. So, disregard that one there.
U, up in the top right there's a there's
a photo of uh, some of the uh, spectrum
on an SDR of uh, someone that's captured
some Laura packets. As you can see here
at the top right, some of the wider
bandwidth stuff and then some narrow
bandwidth uh down there in the middle.
Uh that's over in the UK. Just a a
screenshot there. Uh so what can you
actually do with Mesh Core? So the main
feature of Mesh Core is uh sending text
messages uh directly between a couple of
people or group chat across the whole
city uh or as sort of as far as your
repeaters reach. He's a bit of a
screenshot on the right there of uh just
a just a conversation in one of our
private uh radio club groups there.
Nothing nothing too crazy in the text,
but uh that's sort of what you're
looking like uh in the mobile app. Um so
Wi-Fi, cellular, and internet
connections are not needed. Um each
person uh would need a mesh core
companion node. So one of those little
radios that you saw in the previous
screenshot. Uh you can pair that with
your phone or a laptop. Uh there's also
some standalone devices that I'll show
you some photos of later on in the
slides. Um and each person can
communicate directly with another person
if they're in radio range of each other.
Otherwise, you can uh set up repeater
nodes um ideally solar powered and plunk
them up on a hill and that will increase
your uh range uh messaging people. Uh it
is secure encrypted messaging. Uh direct
messages are AES encrypted. uh private
channel messages. Uh so you can send you
know group chat messages across the mesh
there to uh more than one person and
everybody in that uh sort of channel
will receive the text messages. Um and
those are also secured with a secret
key. So you sort of need that secret key
to be able to send and receive messages
there. We also have uh public channel
messaging and those are all public. So
anything you post in there, anybody will
be able to sort of read those messages.
Um so very good for if you wanted to
sort of send out uh alerts or
announcements or something uh in in your
area there. Repeater nodes uh can still
rebroadcast all the packets and all the
messages across the mesh to contribute
to further range uh without actually
needing any of those encryption keys on it.
it.
Uh some example use cases of uh using
mesh core. Uh, so you can communicate
with your friends and your family when
the internet's gone down. Or you could
use it as your daily driver instead of
WhatsApp or Signal or Facebook Messenger
if you really like uh your off-grid uh
messaging networks that you don't have
to pay for. Uh you could use it for
tracking and messaging search and rescue
volunteers in the field. Uh you could
use it for monitoring remote hardware
such as collecting battery bank voltages
of solar powered sites or you could uh
send commands to physical hardware such
as turning on water pumps. Uh, also you
could collect telemetry from other
sensors such as water tanks. And I've
actually built a water tank sensor uh
node with mesh core which uh sends I
request the telemetry over the mesh and
plon it into graphana. And I'll show you
some screenshots of that one a little
bit soon.
Uh mesh core verses meshtastic. So some
of you probably have heard of
meshtastic. Uh this is another Laura
mesh um mesh node system that's been out
for I think it's about five years or so
now uh but only became popular in the
last couple of years or so. uh Mesh
calls come out uh since about January uh
this year 2025 although the uh primary
developer uh Ripple radio Scott there uh
over in Australia um actually started
working on some of the core stuff couple
of years ago and then we jumped into
calling it Mesh Core to fix a few of the
issues we had with meshtastic. So in
Meshcore we have uh two main roles with
uh different firmwares sort of what you
can do with the the radio hardware. So
we have a companion firmware and we have
a repeater firmware. Um so a companion
firmware is sort of like your client
device. It's what you pair with your
phone or it's a standalone device that
you can send the text messages from and
then you've got a repeater firmware and
that's sort of what runs you know
pushing pushing packets further across
the mesh. um they they only repeat
packets that they don't send text
messages. You can't text as the
repeater. It's just very very basic. It
just forwards packets on. So with mesh
core uh verse meshtastic it has a hop
limit of 64 whereas with meshtastic the
hot limit hop limit is three uh with a
maximum allowed of seven. So that's how
many repeaters your message or your data
packet is allowed to pass through before
it expires and it's no longer passed on.
So essentially with Meshcore, uh 64 is
pretty high. With the internet, it's
also sort of 64. Uh if you if you're
building a network with more than 64,
you're having a having a real good time.
Um with Mesh Core, it's pure flood
routing and direct pathing. Um so pure
flood routing is when you send out a a
broadcast message it every single
repeater on the network will rebroadcast
it if it hears it. Whereas with
meshtastic there is a lot of uh
different scenarios where repeaters and
routers will or will not uh forward on
messages and uh there's a few different
things with signal signal uh levels
there where it tries to be smart about
it. But we've kind of found that with
all of that, you end up having people
with uh companion devices or clients in
their pocket that try to repeat on
meshtastic and it leads to higher packet
collisions and uh the reliability of
messaging uh is pretty degraded there.
Uh it gets a bit worse when you're
limited by default to three hops. So
with mesh core 64 hops um it'll just
flood everything when it needs to and uh
it'll get out there. um with direct
pathing uh in Meshcore. Uh so this is
something Meshtastic doesn't have or
they're playing with kind of recently uh
based on what we've learned with
Meshcore is direct pathing. And that's
uh instead of flooding the entire
network with your data packet, uh we can
be smart and actually tag your message
as it's sent across the mesh um with the
repeaters that it passed through. And
then uh the recipient of that message
knows the path that uh that packet took
and can tell the sender and the sender
from that point forward can only uh can
specifically use those repeaters to get
their data to that recipient without
having to light up the whole network
every time. So it's sort of a flood,
find a path, use that path from then on.
If somebody moves across the network,
and now the path is broken, it would
flood to find a new path, and then uh
you're back to only using the repeaters
that you need. So this uh increases the
reliability of text messaging uh quite a
lot, especially in large networks uh
because you're only activating the
repeaters that you need. You're not
always flooding. Um, so you're using
less uh RF air time as well, which means
you've got more air time available for
other people to get onto the network and
send messages. Um, Meshcore is MIT
licensed versus GPLV3. Uh, not too sure
if anyone's interested in talking about
licensing or not, but basically MIT is
sort of a a license that allows you to
do whatever you want. You can uh take
our software, you can make it closed
source, you can sell it, you can do sort
of anything you want. Whereas with
Meshtastic being GPLV3, you are forced
to open source anything that you build
that uses any of their code. So if you
were to fork the Meshtastic project like
the iOS app or the Android app or the
firmware and add something to it and try
and sell it, you are required based on
their license to o also opensource uh
your project as well. Um so we're a
little bit more freedom giving with the
MIT license on Meshcore. You can sort of
do whatever you want with it. Um we
don't have any official support in
Meshcore for internet linking. Uh it is
possible to do it but it's not something
we're really looking to provide as a
thing. We want to sort of promote um RF
only. So solar powered uh repeater nodes
that are up on the hill and uh not
connecting it to the internet because
otherwise uh when the internet goes down
you're back to everything not working as
it was before. Uh next slide. We spend a
lot of time on that one. So the goals of
mesh core uh we're looking for reliable
messaging and packet delivery. Uh we
want to ensure the airwaves are clean as
possible. So not spitting out lots of
telemetry all of the time. Uh telemetry
in mesh core is pull only. Nothing's
broadcasted. You have to ask for it. It
won't just spit it out and uh block the
airways for no reason. Uh we want to
ideally avoid connecting to the internet
as I mentioned before. But if you want
to you can do that. MIT licensed uh
anyone can do what they want with our
firmware. Um we also want to provide
useful tooling to make mesh network
deployments easy. Um I'll show you some
screenshots uh a few slides from now uh
with some of the RF tooling for making
it easy to deploy mesh networks and sort
of gain some insight into how they're
working. And another goal is to have a
consistent experience across all of the
uh platforms such as Android, iOS,
Windows, and Mac. Uh that was one thing
that I found with uh when I was
originally playing with Meshtastic and
deploying that and getting new users to
um you know try it out was when you were
explaining the Android one to someone
and then you needed to show the iOS
everything was completely different. the
interface looked different. Things were
in different places. Some features
didn't didn't exist. Whereas with Mesh
Core, I've been building it with a um
crossplatform um project called Flutter.
And that allows me to have the exact
same interface across Android, iOS,
Windows, Mac, and web, and all of that.
So, it makes it very easy for other
users of the app to actually explain to
other users on different platforms how
it works, too. Um the adoption rate of
Meshcore has been pretty crazy. Um,
we're up to about 5,100 nodes that have
been uploaded to our internet map, which
is just like a public map of hello, look
at my uh look at my mesh nodes. Uh, you
can publish them there if you want to.
So, this doesn't show the full coverage
of mesh nodes in the world. This is just
ones that people have decided that they
want to uh publicly publish there. And
over in the UK, where it's quite orange
here, they've got quite a quite massive
networks over there. And I've got some
screenshots of some actual um mesh
networks to show you u very soon. Uh
another interesting um topic that came
up was I had an email from an Italian
spelological alpine rescue uh group and
they were triing mesh core for
underground cave communication. So they
had some of these little mesh uh mesh
nodes here. They flashed the mesh core
firmware on it and they um clipped them
on to little hooks that they' screwed
into the walls here and they were able
to over zero or eight hops and like a
kilometer or two uh through these caves
send reliable messages uh back and forth
from uh deep in the cave back up to uh
the surface. So I thought that was quite
interesting. So I wanted to share a
couple of photos of that one. Um this is
uh another use case for the mesh core
system. Uh this is what I was talking
about earlier with uh sensors and
telemetry. Uh I got a bit of a water
tank up in Toll Bay which uh you either
have to drive up there and slap the tank
with your hand to understand how much
water's in it or you've got to buy one
of those little float floaties that push
up into the sky there and uh maybe point
a camera at it to know how full it is.
But uh what I've got here is a mesh core
sensor node um and a solar panel and a
couple of batteries and a charge
controller uh to keep it running powered
by the sun. And I've got a uh ultrasonic
sensor which uh can tell me the depth of
the water tank there. And so I feed that
into graphana and uh it will fetch those
metrics every hour or two across the uh
mesh network there and plunk it on a
graph. So, I can see on the right here,
it's steadily decreasing, and I should
probably turn the pump on soon. I
actually had a water water leak the
other day, so it's going down pretty
crazy. Um, so how do you get started
with actually playing around with mesh
core? So, you could you could either
build your own nodes, which a lot of
people like to do, tinkering with uh
radio and microcontrollers and all that
sort of stuff. Um, or you can buy a
pre-made node from any of the sites that
sell them. There's quite a few uh sites
there that sell these little mesh boards
that you can buy and uh some of them are
actually now factory flashing the mesh
core firmware on it so you can buy it
ready to go. I have some uh links at the
end of the uh slides here that uh you'll
be able to see and I'll put a link to
these slides in the uh chat when we're
finished if you'd like to have a look.
Uh but it's pretty pretty
straightforward. You can get one of
these radio boards, make a case for it,
put a battery on it, and uh pair it with
your phone with a Meshcore app and uh
start sending messages, provided there's
someone else to send messages, too. So,
they'll need a node as well. Uh here's a
photo of some of the different types of
uh mesh nodes that uh are available.
This is definitely not all of them, but
this is a few of the ones that I quite
like. Um so, this one here on the top
left is my main node at the moment,
which is a seed studio. um which that's
the WIO tracker L1. Uh this one here was
one of the original rack nodes that
first came out with a 3D printed case.
And this little pager and this TD deck
here are some of the standalone devices
that you can use on these mesh networks.
So these two here don't require you to
have a cell phone or a laptop or
anything. They're actually uh they have
an interface and a keyboard where you
can text and send send text messages
across the network. So, you just charge
it up, make sure it's on the right radio
settings, and you can message across the
mesh without a cell phone. Uh, one down
the bottom left here is a little tracker
tag. So, this has a GPS in it and a
battery and the Laura radio. Uh, you can
put the mesh core firmware on there and
you could you could put this inside your
car or you could strap it to your doggo
or uh on on something else and uh track
that across the mesh. You can uh fetch
the uh GPS positions from it.
And here's some of the uh other devices
uh that I've been flashing and packaging
up and um selling um to a few people
that have been interested in purchasing some.
some.
Uh these are the solar powered repeater
nodes that I built. Um so with these
little mesh radios, they can they can
talk to each other directly if they're
in range of each other. But let's say
one person in the middle of the city
wants to talk to someone up the coast
and up the coast is let's say 60 km
away. Well, those those antennas
definitely aren't going to be able to
reach each other. So, what you can do is
you can deploy solar powered repeater
nodes up on high spots and they will
automatically mesh with other repeaters
that they can uh communicate with within
range and your message will be able to
bounce through those to get to the
destination uh you want to send your
message to.
And here's a couple other ones. One up
in Tica Bay and uh one inside some
trees. doesn't have the best signal, but
Another one. Another solar node up on a
massive pole here up in Motu. And uh one
that was recently installed here um up
on Cardi Hill. This is this is one of
the commercial units that you can just
buy pre-made from overseas. You don't
have to build your own solar node. You
could just buy it and uh away you go.
Uh these are some of the the custom
units that I build uh with a 10 watt
solar panel. We've got a little charge
controller in there. Um 18650 cells that
you can't quite see. And then I put the
uh mesh radios and software on there and
plunk them on the hill.
Um so here's some of the examples of the
metrical networks that exist in the real
world at the moment. So this is this is
Gizbborne. So this is where I'm based.
Uh we've got that little solar node. If
I go back a couple of pages, this little
node here up on this post and this one
here. So this is this is Turi and this
one is Gadam's Hill. So if I go back to
our little thing here, we can see Turi
is this uh node here and Gadams Hills
over here. Um we've got signal stats uh
and metrics. So you can actually see how
your network is performing. So, Turi is
able to hear all of these repeaters and
we can see that they have a pretty
strong signal apart from this one which
is this this node here is by a cell
phone tower and cell phone towers really
really cause problems. Uh there's all
all the fun RF side but I won't go into
that. Uh this is this is one of a
screenshot I found a while ago. Um I'm
assuming it might have developed a bit
further but over in Tonga there's
there's a little mesh growing over there
as well.
Uh here's a here's a mesh core network
over in Australia. Uh quite a few longd
distance connections there with really
And this one here over in Slovakia is
massive. There's there's about 39 uh
repeaters on Meshcore here and you can
see all the different signal stats. It's
uh quite crazy. They've uh got a few
hundred people on the network uh sending
text messages every day and uh they're
saying it's pretty reliable which is uh
great to hear.
Um some of the tools that we have with
Meshcore uh some of you may have heard
of Hamnet DB. Uh it's online um ham
radio mapping sort of uh application
with RF tools. Uh some of their tooling
was open source and I was able to uh run
that on my server and embed it into the
Meshcore app. So, you can you can click
a couple of points on a map and it'll
generate terrain um heights and
elevations and draw you a bit of a line
of sight map and sort of show you the
obstructions that may be in the way of
your uh antennas. So, very useful. Can I
put a repeater here and here and will
they be able to get through? Probably
not with the hills, but um the the tools
are very just just for simulation. So,
you kind of got to go and deploy it to
actually see. Uh, this is another tool
um for simulating potential coverage.
Uh, you can you can click on a few spots
on a map and it will generate all of the
line of sight points from that point.
And so, all of the red here, if we were
to set up all of these repeaters at the
uh lettered sites here, this is roughly
sort of what the coverage would be on
the Mesh network.
And these these tools are all built into
the Mesh Core app and the Meshcore web
app. Uh we've also got some path tracing
tools. Um because when you go and deploy
these solar repeaters, you sort of want
to monitor them uh monitor them, right?
You're you're sort of going away from
the traditional cell tower network where
you uh pay a monthly fee for your cell
phone connection and it's up to somebody
else to monitor the uh mesh radios and
uh you go and set them up and now it's
up to you to monitor them. So taking
over that role. So, we got these these
tools here for uh running traces and you
can you can click on repeaters and see
how well they're um propagating their
signals there.
Um this is a screenshot which was
actually on the first slide uh showing
some of those um Laura chirp packets
that are getting pushed around. Um
there's some testing overseas at the
moment with different settings and uh it
sounds like uh we'll be moving to these
narrow band settings that work very very
well and uh can get out of the way of
interference a bit better. So uh yeah,
just sort of throw that in there as
well. um in the emergency um emergency
sort of space here. I've been working
with uh Gisbon uh Tarafi Emergency
Management uh with Ben Green and his
team here um to deploy these solar
repeaters that I've been building up the
coast from Gizbborne to Tullig Not Bay
and further up there to uh interlink all
the communities. So when all your cell
phones go down and all that fun stuff,
these are these are all solar powered,
very low power, and ideally the
emergency sites there will all be able
to communicate through these and the
communities themselves will be able to
communicate with themselves through
these little little solar units. Uh one
thing to keep in mind though is you're
not going to get tens of thousands or
50,000 people on these units. They're
very low bandwidth um systems, but um
when when everything uh has a bit of a
bad time, all the cell phone networks
are gone, fiber is gone, Wi-Fi and
Starlink's gone, uh having some sort of
backup system like this that's powered
by the sun um is is quite useful there.
And uh just a bunch of links to the
official websites, our Discord, the
flasher, the map, and all that fun
stuff. And a couple of the uh devices
that I recommend uh such as the WO
tracker as a companion for for sending
the text messages and pairing with your
phone. And uh if you just want to buy a
repeater node to to plon on a hill
that's ready to go, these uh these solar
node P1s do the job there. Um that was
the end of these slides. I actually kind
of slapped these together in the last
two days. Uh they were originally
meshtastic slides um and I just
converted them over. I've been spending
a lot of time working on the uh Meshcore
mobile app and firmware and uh website
and stuff. So, and I only just got
around to uh making these slides up as
uh Steve asked me to uh present today.
So, if anybody's got any questions uh
feel free to throw those at me now.
>> So, yeah, it's uh Robin here from Wiki.
Thanks. Really interesting. We we're
sort of trying to um put a mesh core
system up. We did start with a mesh testing
testing
um and found some problems with it and
sort of liked what mesh core did. But
one of the biggest advantages that we
could see is is the um the message rooms
that you have in mesh core.
>> Ah yes, that was one that I forgot to mention.
mention.
>> It see that to me it seems like kind of
the biggest thing because you with
meshtastic you have to be online all the
time and if you're not online you miss
all the messages.
>> Yes. if you have a room in meshore, you
can just log in and have a look at
what's happening anytime you want. And
um that seems like a major bonus to me.
>> Yeah. Uh I'll just I'll just throw a
quick uh info about that one, I suppose,
to the rest of the the group here. So in
Mesh Core, we've got the companion
client, which is what you send your
messages from. You've got the repeater,
which you put on a hill to extend your
range of the mesh network. And uh what
was just mentioned there is called a
room server. So, think of like a BBS or
a chat room where you can log in and you
can send a message and it will save it
there and you can go offline. The person
you wanted to talk to is also offline.
They can come on later, log into the
room and that message you posted is
available to uh read. It's stored on the
the room device which could be up on the
hill powered by the sun or could be at
home as long as it's in in the network there.
there.
>> Yeah. Liam Charles Wahiki, can you hear
me? All right. >> Yes.
>> Yes.
Yeah, it's good to talk to you on a
medium other than the International
Space Station, if you remember our
conversation back then.
>> Yes. Very cool.
>> Yeah. Hey, um so a couple of the things,
one of the things we've been struggling
is finding uh aerials that um actually
resonate uh correctly. Everything seems
to be sold on the 915 and it's uh it's
off frequency and I don't know um what
what your thoughts are on um on on that
and what you've been successfully
getting with your hardware, right?
>> Yeah. So, so most of those 915 antennas
that are on like AliExpress and stuff
that are labeled 915 are actually 868
antennas because they can get away with
it. It takes takes a couple of weeks for
you to get it and you know it's a couple
of bucks that people don't bother
complaining about it. But um you can
trim those down. Um so there is um an
antenna company on AliExpress that I buy
from and they're called Gizant. G I Z O
N T. Um I was originally using the rack
wireless blade antennas u which I think
were about 3dBi gain. Um but they're
actually indoor rated. So I found on
some of the sites they're uh the
condensation and a bit of rain and water
was getting in them and then they were
no longer working. So you go up the site
and go, "Oh, lovely. Why isn't this
working?" And then you find the
antenna's full of water. Uh but the what
I've switched to is those Gizon
antennas. their end type. I think
they're listed as either five or 10 dBi,
which is probably a lie. Uh but um they
seem to be working pretty well. Um I've
I've tested them on the Nano VNA and
they're about a 1.2 1.1 1.1 or so SWR at
about the frequency that I'm using here
Uh Liam, can I just um just um highlight
the uh pointto-point um antenna tool in
your app? Um yeah, the uh frequency uh
pointto-oint testing tool.
An unbelievable tool. I mean, you know,
like there's so many good things about
the stuff you do, but that pointto-oint
tool is absolutely fantastic. Great for
um repeater setups, etc. for our um ARC
um operations and things are really
really handy. Yeah. So well done for
doing that. I think that's that's
absolutely absolute gold in the app
apart from anything else.
>> Cheers. Yeah, just just finding all the
tools and smash them all together and
away you go. But yeah, the all the
antenna tools and the coverage tools and
everything in the Mesh Core app at app.m meshcore.nz.
meshcore.nz.
Uh those those can be all used. You
don't actually have to have any of the
Meshcore hardware or devices at all. You
can just use those RF tools if you feel
like it.
>> Cool. Oh, well, thanks so much, Liam.
That was a a really good presentation
and um it can uh certainly see the
differences between Mesh Core and um
Meshtastic and why for us it uh it makes
sense to move towards Mesh Core and that
uh yeah, so well done. Thank you so much
for time you've put into that. It's creation.
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