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الصف الأول الثانوى تاريخ | الدرس الأول | الحضارة والتاريخ | مستر عطا زكى شحتو | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: الصف الأول الثانوى تاريخ | الدرس الأول | الحضارة والتاريخ
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Video Transcript
Welcome to the first year of secondary school, and today we have the
first video in history entitled Civilization
and History. But before we talk about our lesson
today, let’s see what our curriculum in the
first term in history talks about. He told you that
you have two units in history, the first unit and the
second unit. The first unit has three lessons, and the
second unit has six lessons. As for the first
unit, the first lesson is a lesson entitled
Civilization and History. In this lesson, I will know
what civilization means and what history means. Okay, the
second lesson is entitled Sources of the Study of Civilizations.
What does it mean? What are the things from which I can get
information about civilizations and people who lived before?
What are the sources from which you will get your
information? As for the third lesson, it talks to me about the
factors that led to the rise of civilizations. What are the things
that helped people in the past to
create civilizations? You and I are studying them today.
Okay, the second unit. He told you that you have six
lessons. The first of the six lessons talks about
aspects of ancient Egyptian history, meaning
Pharaonic Egypt, and in this lesson we will talk Quickly about
Egyptian history and the deeds of the pharaohs at
that time. Ok, the rest of the lessons in the second unit
also all talk about ancient Egyptian civilization,
but each lesson talks about one
aspect of this civilization. For example, the
second lesson talks about economic life. The third lesson
talks about political and administrative life. The fourth lesson talks about social life. The
fifth lesson talks about religious life. The
sixth lesson talks about cultural
and intellectual life. The entire second unit talks about
ancient Egyptian history. So now we know that the
history curriculum in the first term is two units,
but how many lessons in nine lessons? Ok, let's
talk about our first lesson entitled civilization
and history. Ok, before we know the difference between the word
civilization and the word history, let's go back in time to the
days when man lived on the
plateaus and hunted animals and did not settle
in one place. So, in the old days, man
lived in a stable place. I tell him no, he was
always moving and wandering, meaning he lived in one place and moved, he
went to live in another place And he hunts animals and
eats, and that’s it. Okay, where did he live? I tell him he
lived in caves. In the cave, yes, he didn’t
build houses. Okay, so he stayed like that for a long time.
I tell you, yes, what changed this system? He told you that there was a
drought on the plateaus, meaning there was no
more rain falling. So here, he wanted to drink and wanted to
eat, what did he do? He told you that man started thinking about
looking for rivers and going to sit beside them. Who would he drink from and who would he
find food for? Actually, after man
found rivers, he started drinking from these rivers and started
learning agriculture. Okay, this agriculture will teach you something very, very, very
important, what is this agriculture? It doesn’t
civilization called the ancient Egyptian civilization.
People began to gather, for example, around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
in Iraq. So, for example, there will be the civilization of
ancient Iraq, which is the Mesopotamian civilization, meaning
between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. So, every group
of people gathered around a river and began…
They cultivate, settle, build houses, and make tools,
so there were civilizations. When did civilizations begin?
I tell him, when did man know agriculture
and settlement? Well, here civilization begins.
Civilization means that man worked and made houses and tools, and
began to use everything around him and exploit it in his
life, and began to develop the land he lived on.
Well, after he settled for a while, man began to invent
writing and began to record events and write
certain things for the people who would come after him. Here, we
began to know history. So,
what made ancient man settle and create a civilization? I tell him, when he
knew agriculture and settlement. Well, when he knew
agriculture and settlement and settled, and
ancient civilizations began to arise, man invented what after that. I
tell him, he invented writing, and he began to write and record the
events that happened to him. From here, we began to know
history. Well, our lesson is talking about civilization
and history. Let's see the definition of the word civilization.
What does it mean? I tell him, this civilization is the fruit of any
effort made by man as a result of his interaction with the
environment to improve his living conditions on the face of the earth.
Materially or morally, what does this mean? It means
anything a person does while interacting with the
environment. Why does a person interact and do
these things in order to resolve his circumstances? Didn’t I tell you
when he sat by the rivers that he needed houses, so he built houses? Yes,
why did he build them so that he could find a place to sleep?
Okay, when he learned agriculture, he made tools to
use in agriculture in order to improve the
conditions of his life. Ok, the needs that Its work,
what is its name, what is its name? Civilization. Civilization remains the fruit of
any effort made by a human being as a result of his
interaction with the environment. Why should I tell him to improve the conditions of
his life on the face of the earth? Okay. The things he did,
are they all things that I can hold with my hands?
I mean, material needs, but I tell him no,
and also moral needs. So, the needs that a person
will do are possible things that I can hold with my hands. They
remain material needs, such as houses and tools.
These needs may be intangible needs, such as
ideas, such as literature, such as the arts, the things
we think about. Needs are needs and
the beliefs that humans thought about in the past
are moral things that I cannot hold in my hands.
Okay, what is the goal? He told you, to populate the universe in which
humans live. They began to populate the universe, so
civilization is the fruit of any effort that
humans make as a result of their interaction with the environment, to
improve their living conditions on the face of the earth.
These needs, whether material or moral. Okay, why? I
also tell him, to populate the universe in which they live.
Okay, what can I get out of this definition? I tell you, we can get two pieces of
information from it. The first piece of information is the goal
of civilization. I mean, what are the goals of human existence on
earth? I tell him, to populate the earth, to populate the earth. Yes, was
n’t it that when humans settled, they began to build
and populate the earth? Yes, one of the goals of human
existence on earth, or one of the goals of
human civilization, is to populate the earth.
Okay, I also can get it from the definition of civilization.
I tell him, this civilization comes out to me with two things:
material things and moral things. Material and moral things.
Yes, material things, I can Hold it with my hands like buildings, the
bleacher has buildings, houses and anything that
builds. Okay, and any invention, I mean, and inventions,
human civilization has two sides, what side and what side is
material and moral? The material means things that
I can hold with my hands like buildings, so I call them
architecture in its various forms, and also inventions.
Okay, the moral, I tell you the moral, meaning the things and
ideas that I cannot hold with my hands, such as
thought, literature and sciences like mathematics,
engineering and astronomy, these are all sciences. I
cannot hold these sciences with my hands, so these are moral things.
Okay, so now we know civilization and we know
what things people can produce and
we understand them from our definition. Okay, the question here
comes, how? I tell you, look, I will teach you a way to
deal with all the questions that I will face,
not just in history but in all the subjects that
you have in the first year of high school. Okay, what is
this way? I will tell you if a question comes to me in this part and
says to me, for example, the goal of civilizations is represented
Humanity, come here before you look at
the optional, I want you to follow three steps while
solving any question. What are the steps? The first thing is the
key to the question. What is the key to the question? You look
at the question. The question in front of me tells me what the goal of human civilizations is. Goal, that is, the objective. Okay, so the
key here is the word, what is the
goal of human civilizations? That is, the objective of
human civilizations. Okay, so the first thing I do is the
key to the question. Okay, what do I do? I look
at the answers and I tell you no. The second thing is I remember
the information I have in the book in
this part. We took that the goal of
human existence or the goal of human civilizations,
what does it mean? What is the objective? I wrote it here? It is to populate the Earth.
Okay, so what I did is I
remembered the information I have in the curriculum
is clearly present from the goal of human existence. I
tell him to populate the Earth. The third thing is what? I take
the word populating the Earth and I go look for the
answers. I find it and choose it immediately. Okay, if I
don’t find it, I look for the closest suitable meaning for it and
choose it. All right, what is the appropriate meaning?
Preserving cultural identity? I did
n’t say it, providing for human needs. No, it has nothing to do with
developing the earth. Exploiting the available environmental resources is mine as
well. I am not
developing the earth. Okay, reform and continuity? I tell
you yes, it works. Reform and continuity are the
closest meaning to developing the earth. Well, if he gave
me another choice that goes better with the word developing the
earth, I would choose it. Then again, when I get any
question, whether in history or any subject
I have in the first year of high school, what do I do? I tell him I
will do three things. I find the key to the question. I
think of the information in the curriculum. Well, I
think of the information. I look for this information in the
choice. I find it and choose it immediately. I did
n’t find it. I look for the closest meaning to it and choose it. This way, I
am 100% sure of my answer. Okay, give me a
question. Regarding the part about civilization,
I tell you that civilizations began with the knowledge of man.
Period. Okay, come on. We start by focusing on the optional. I tell
him, “No, leave the optional completely. First, let’s
see the key to the question. Where is the key to the question?” I tell
him, “Civilizations began with the knowledge of man.” I
mean, I want to know when civilizations began. Okay, now we have
identified the key. Yes, let’s remember. We were just
saying that civilizations began when
man knew what agriculture
and settlement are. Okay, now I have remembered the information. Okay, let’s
take a look at the optional. Are
agriculture and settlement present? I tell you, “Yes, they are here.”
Choose it immediately. Okay, if I
don’t find it, I look for the closest optional that suits
my information and choose it immediately. So, now we
know the method we will follow and solve
any optional question in any subject. We have the
key to the question. We remember the information and look for it
in the optional. I found it and chose it. If I didn’t find it, I
chose the closest meaning to it. Okay, let’s continue talking
about civilization. So, now we know the definition of
civilization, which is the fruit of any effort. What
humans do as a result of their interaction with the environment to improve their
living conditions on Earth. These needs
can be material or moral. Why to populate the
universe in which they live? Okay, is the definition of
civilization finished? He said to you, “No, why?” He said, “Heaven.”
An American historian and writer, what was his name? He said to you, “His
name is Will Durant.” Or, “Will Durant.” Pronounce it
this way and that way. Anyway, what did Will Durant do? He
told you that he wrote a book called “The Story of Civilization.”
So, I have an American historian and writer named, “
Wild Durant,” or “Wild Durant.” What did he do? He wrote a
book called “The Story of Civilization.” Okay, the book “The Story of
Civilization” that Will Durant wrote talked
about civilization,
what is it? He told you that Will Durant told you, “I have a new definition of civilization.” He
told you that civilization is a social system. What system? Social,
meaning a group of people who
must live together in order for there to be civilization.
Okay, what does this social system do? It helps
people. It helps the individual increase his
cultural production. When people live
together, this society helps its individuals. It helps
Individuals who want to increase their
cultural production, then civilization, according to Will Durant, is
saying that civilization is a
social system that helps
people increase their cultural production. Focus on a
social system and its cultural production. Well, he told you that
civilization doesn’t start right
away. When does it start? He told you that it starts with the
end of turmoil and anxiety and the establishment of security?
What does that mean? Civilization begins when anxiety and
turmoil go away and there is security. Here,
people can think, build, innovate, and create
some very beautiful things. Creativity and
creation come out for me, whether it be mental creativity or creation on the
ground. I can hold it with my hands. Will Durant
told me that civilization is what it is. It is a
social system that helps people
increase their cultural production. Well, according
to Will Durant, civilization begins when the turmoil
and anxiety end, when the situation becomes stable, and people begin to
create a very good civilization. That’s why he tells me that
if people are freed from their fear, motivations for
aspiration will appear in them. And the factors of creativity and creation. Okay, so
we know that Wilde Durant is an American historian and writer. He
wrote a book called The Story of Civilization. Well, Wilde
Durant has a special definition of civilization. He told you
that civilization, from his point of view, is a
social system that helps humans increase their
cultural production. So, I will focus on the word
social system and its cultural production. Okay,
when does civilization begin? He told you that it begins when the
turmoil and anxiety end and there is good security. So,
when a person is freed from his fear, he can create and
create. So, Wilde Durant is telling me here that there is a
relationship between what and what, between stability
and insecurity and the establishment of civilization. I mean, if there
is stability, there will be civilization. If there is insecurity, there will be no
civilization, because when a person is
stable, he can create and create and do very, very, very beautiful things.
Well, give me an example so I can tell you, you
know the pyramids? Yes, these pyramids were built in an
era called the Old Kingdom era in
ancient Egyptian civilization. Okay, the Old Kingdom era
had… What did he tell you there was security and
stability here? The ancient Egyptians were able to
build pyramids and were able to build monuments that exist to this day.
Okay, why is this? Because there was
security and stability. Okay, if we come after the era of the
Old Kingdom, there were eras of weakness, no security, no
stability, and unrest. Did the person who was
able to build these pyramids do something during
this period? No, he wasn’t able. Will Durant is really
right. Stability or the disturbance of security has a
very big relationship with the rise of civilization. I mean, when a person is
liberated from fear, he is able to innovate and create
very beautiful things that continue to live to this day. Okay, why don’t you
tell me the questions that come up on the
Will Durant part? I say to you, let’s go. First,
focus on what Will Durant’s or Al Durant’s concept of
civilization is. Okay, wait a minute, shall we read
the optional or shall we see the first key? We will see the
key to the first question. The key to the question tells
me to focus on Will Durant’s concept of civilization on points.
So now I know that I will talk about Will
Durant’s concept of civilization, not the definition of civilization that
We took it at first, Tayyabani, what is the
lack of information that I took from Wild
Yoren, the author of the book The Story of Civilization? Well, what is
the information that it is a social system and that man
will increase his cultural production and that civilization begins
when security is stable and there is no longer anxiety and
when man is liberated from fear, he can actually innovate and
create. So I have three pieces of information that
I focus on: a social system, cultural production, creativity and creation, and
of course, stability of security. Well,
come here, let’s look at the choices
and see something from what we mentioned. Is it the
interaction of man with the environment, or the use of
natural resources, or the role of
different inventions, or human relations? I tell him,
I will choose human relations, why? Don’t we
have a social system first? Yes, this society is
relationships, what are human relations? People
live together, and there are
relationships between them. So, here he brought me the same information
from the book or the same meaning. I tell him, he brought
me a word with the same meaning. He brought me the word
human relations instead of the word social system. So, he took the
word relations. Humanity Okay, give me
another question. I tell you to pay attention to and to Doreen in his treatment of
the concept of civilization from the point side. Let’s look at the
optional. I tell you, no, leave the optional.
First, the key to the question and the optional. Pay attention to
the concept of civilization. It stays here. I know that I
will talk about civilization in the definition of the child. Let’s
remember that we said we have some information about the
social system and cultural production, and that if this man feels
safe, he will be able to innovate and make a lot of constructions.
Okay, the optional tells me, what do you have?
Cultural, urban, religious, and economic. Do you have
something in the definition called cultural? Yes, I have it. It is
cultural. So, choose immediately. What is cultural?
Wild Rent was interested in his treatment of the concept of
civilization from the cultural side. Where did I get this talk from?
Because first, I got the key to the question.
Second, I lacked the information specific to
this question. Third, I looked for the information that is
present in the book directly in the optional,
or the meaning? I found it directly here, the
cultural, so I chose the cultural. Okay, give me Another
question on this part I tell you focus Will Durant
on the concept of civilization on points Okay, let's look at the
optional I tell you let's continue with
our steps First of all the key question tells me
what focus Will Durant on the concept of civilization So
now I know that I will talk about Will Durant
Come on the second thing I remember the part about Will
Durant and his definition of civilization Okay, here it is in front of me, here
I remember it Okay, let's look now at the
optional First of all progress in the
economic aspects or religion and its impact on the lives of
peoples I didn't talk about both of these
Okay, progress in the material aspects, money I
didn't talk about them Well, the fourth thing is progress in
urbanization and art He told you this is it Well, how can I tell
you that if a person is liberated from fear,
what will he be able to do and what? I will tell him that he will be able to innovate and create Well, what is
creativity about? It is about art and
what is it about construction It is about buildings
I mean urbanization, so progress is in the verse and what is
in urbanization and art, so I am here How could I determine the
answer because I went back to the curriculum and took
the information and saw the closest suitable piece of information
and chose it, so my answer is correct. Okay, so now
we know the general definition of civilization and the
definition of civilization according to Ould Uren or Ould
Durant, who is an American historian and writer who
wrote the book The Story of Civilization. We also know all the
questions that come up in this part. Okay,
what are we going to talk about? He told you we are going to talk about the transfer of
civilization. Why is civilization transferred? Does civilization
move from place to place? I tell you yes, look,
sir, this is a map of the world. He told you that here, in the
old days, there was something called the ancient Egyptian civilization,
which is the Pharaonic civilization. Here you had the
civilization of
ancient Iraq. Well, here, for example, you had the civilization of
Persia, which is Iran today. These three civilizations, and
upon them also the Phoenician civilization. If you
want, here like this, their name is the civilizations of the
ancient East. Here, in this place, civilizations began. So, the
civilizations Where did it begin? I tell him it began in a
place called the ancient East. So when I come to
tell you what civilization the ancient East had, what civilization it had, what civilization it had, I tell
him the
ancient Egyptian civilization, and also the ancient Iraqi civilization,
and also the Persian civilization. These are the first civilizations
that arose in the world. Okay, you say the transfer of
civilizations. Why would civilization leave the
ancient East? I tell you yes, civilization began in the
ancient East. It began, we said, in Egypt,
ancient Iraq, and Persia. After that, a
wind blew to the west. I tell you yes, here there is a
civilization called the civilization of Greece, and here there is the
civilization of the Romans. So the Greeks and Romans took
from these three civilizations and developed them. They became number
one. So the first civilizations began in the
ancient East. After a period of time, they were no longer
strong and no longer developed in civilization. So,
where are the civilizations and who began to develop? I tell you
in the West, in the civilization of Greece and Rome.
Okay, what happened after that? You say that
civilization went from the West to the East. How? I came back,
yes, when did this talk? I tell him, through the
Islamic civilization, the Islamic civilization, yes, so the
Islamic civilization took and developed on the
civilization that went to the countries of Greece and Rome and
developed and the civilization actually stayed with us for several centuries,
approximately 1000 years, 1000 years. Yes, so the civilization
first started in the ancient East and went to
the West, went to the West in whose civilization and whose
civilization? The countries of Greece and Rome took from the
civilization of the East and developed and they became number
one at that time. Okay, stay with them, never, it
came back to us, that I am through the Islamic civilization,
how long did it stay with us and we developed in civilization and
we became number one? I tell him 1000 years.
Okay, stay with us. No, it came back to the West and it is still
there. When it became present in Europe and
in North America and South America and it
became the West, time is advanced and we are not
advanced like them. So civilization began in the
ancient East in Egypt, Iraq, Persia,
and it went west at the hands of the Greeks and
Romans. The Islamic civilization returned to the
East and stayed with us for 1000 years. It returned to the
West and is still there and does not want to return until
now. So, who is the origin of the civilization of the East? The
question here is, you are telling me that civilization
moves from the East and went to the West, and from the West it
returned to the East, and from the East it returned to the West and stayed
there. What do the civilizations that take from
each other do? He told you that they take and develop. For
example, in medicine, engineering, and such things, the
Egyptian civilization reached some things. When the
Greek and Roman civilizations came to
rise, they took from the Egyptian civilization and developed and added
to it. So, the civilizations that take from each other take and develop.
The question here is, are these civilizations
supposed to be similar to each other? I tell you no. Every
civilization of the civilizations that you see is
distinguished from the others. How can I tell you that through
something called cultural identity, every civilization It has a
specific culture and also religious specificity. Every
civilization has its own needs and beliefs. I said that
over the years there has been an exchange between
peoples in their cultural leadership, but there is something that,
although it takes from the other and develops,
distinguishes it with two things: something called
cultural identity and religious specificity. Memorize
these two sentences for me. What do they mean? I don’t understand. I’ll tell you, do
n’t we know that the time has come for civilization
in the West? The West is the one that is advanced, and we are
not advanced. Yes. Okay, let’s assume that
your generation is the one that brought civilization and became advanced over Western civilization.
When it comes to taking from
Western civilization and building and advancing, for example,
in technology and these things, will it start from
scratch or build on Western civilization
now? It will see where Western civilization is stuck and
begin to develop better. Okay, and you, while you take from
Western civilization, you must preserve two
important things: your cultural identity, meaning
your own culture. Right and wrong and also
your religious privacy, for example, your belief in what is
permissible and what is forbidden and many other things, and also your
religious beliefs, these things must
distinguish you from any other civilization, so no matter
what civilization you take from, you must adhere to both of these things.
What is the cultural identity and
religious privacy? So now we know about the transfer of
civilization. I tell him, by God, civilization began in the
ancient East. It began in the greatest civilizations in the
world in Egypt and ancient Iraq, which we
say is Mesopotamia, and Persia,
which is Iran today. Well, it stayed in the
ancient East all the time. He told you no, it went to the West. At the
hands of which civilization? The countries of Greece and Rome
took from these civilizations and developed them, and they became number
one. Well, you stay in the countries of Greece and Rome all
the time. He told you no, it returned to the East again. At the
hands of whom? At the hands of Islamic civilization.
Islamic civilization took civilization from the countries of
Greece and Rome and began to develop in it, and they became
number one at that time. Well How long has
this civilization and progress been with us in the
Islamic civilization? I tell him about 1000 years.
Ok, stay with us. He says, no, time has gone to the
West, and when I say the word West, I mean the
continent of Europe and the continents of the New World
as well. Ok, civilization came from there. He says, it is
still there to this day. Ok, you told me the most important
thing that distinguishes every civilization are two things. What do I
tell him? Cultural identity and
ideological specificity? Second, cultural identity and
ideological specificity. Ok, the transfer of civilization.
How do the questions come up with it? I tell you that civilization is like the
wandering bird’s original home in points. Ok, the first thing
you will look at is the optional. I tell him, no, the first thing I will
see is the key to the question. Civilization is like the wandering bird’s
original home. So the key to the question here is
talking to me about the transfer of civilizations. So
now we know the key H question Yes, okay, let's
remember the transition of civilizations. I know that it
started in the East, went to the West, and returned. The East went to the
West and did not return. Okay, let's see. The
optional part tells me what North America is. What was its
original homeland? Was North America
started in North America, or South Asia,
or Southern Europe, or the countries of the East? I tell him
I have it started in the countries of the East, so I will choose the
countries of the East. I remembered the answer from the
book, and we came to look for it in the optional part and
chose it immediately. Okay, the same question. If the
optional part came to me differently, he told me, for example, civilization is
like a wandering bird, its original homeland is in dots. And he gave
me the optional part and told me the United States,
France, Britain, or Egypt. Choose what? I tell
him, come on, let's see the answer first. The
key to the question here is talking to me about the transition of civilizations
because he tells me that a wandering bird
moves back and forth. So here he is talking about the transition of civilizations, so I will
focus on the information about the
transition of civilizations. Okay, what do you have in the
transition of civilizations? I have it started in the East. It went
to the West, it returned to the East at the hands of the
Islamic civilization. The West has returned now, and it is not willing to
return. It is good that the optional question does not include the countries of the East. Do
n’t we know that its original homeland is that it
started from the countries of the East? I tell you yes. Well, what is the
closest thing to the countries of the East? The United States,
France, England, or Egypt? I
tell him, Egypt is not Egypt. The
ancient Egyptian civilization, which is one of the civilizations of the
ancient countries of the East, arose in it. I tell him yes, so I will choose Egypt. So,
in the first question, I brought the information and found it in the optional question, so I chose it immediately. In the second
question, I brought the information and did not find it in the optional question, so I brought the closest information to it in meaning and chose Egypt. Okay, do you have other questions? I tell you, yes, for example, it
tells me that when communication occurs between nations and
civilizations, what must be preserved? Well, before
you look at the optional question, where is the key to the first question?
Communication between nations and civilizations, meaning there was
communication and exchange, right? So, here I will talk about the
transfer of civilizations and the exchange of civilizations. Okay, we
Now we have identified the key to the question. The second thing I remember about
this part in the curriculum is in communication.
You told me that I have to preserve two things,
yes and no. You told me two things that I have to memorize:
cultural identity and ideological privacy. I
have to memorize both of these very well. Come on, let's
look at the answers. Do cultural identity
and ideological privacy exist? I tell you, they really
exist, so choose them immediately. With this, we have
talked about the text of our lesson today and we know
what civilization means and we know how the questions come in it.
God willing, in the second part we will talk about
history. Don't forget to watch it. My regards to you,
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