This content provides a comprehensive guide on how to effectively answer the interview question "What is your experience in a hematology laboratory?" by detailing the key areas and sub-disciplines within hematology and suggesting how to articulate one's experience in each.
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hello everyone welcome to my YouTube
channel so today I'm going to be talking
about something that someone wants me to
talk about which I believe that has been
some of the questions that some of you
have encountered when you go for your
interview so I hope I'm going to address
that so I've been asked if I could talk
about my experience in hematology
laboratory so before we get into that my
name is Dr Emmanuel Lodo I've been
working in the UK as especially
biomedical scientist I'm a lecturer in
biomedical science here in the United
Kingdom so now let's get into that now
you've been asked what is your
experience in hematology laboratory or
they could say tell us your experience
in hematology laboratory this is a time
to focus on the activities that goes on
in hematology laboratory I guess once we
are able to know the activities that
goes on in hematology laborat labatory
also if we know the sub benches that you
can see in hematology laboratory maybe
that will help us to be able to address
this question so I guess that we should
first of all ask ourself what is
hematology So when you say hematology
you are looking at him and you are
looking at logy so when you look at H
you are looking at blood when you look
at logy you are looking at Star
so hematology is study of the blood so
in this because we are studying blood
when you look at hematology the aspect
of blood we are really talking about or
going to
investigate has to do with subunit like
full blood count
count coagulation
coagulation ESR
ESR
hemoglobinopathies and blood fil
morphology now let us take this in
detail when you see such questions
although there has been a lot of things
that have said in coagulation or a lot
of things that have said in fo BL camp
or BL morphology this may not be the
time to start going into too much
details of those things that I've said
remember you have to be conscious of
time therefore what we are going to do
now is that I'm going to see give you
over view of what I recommend you should
focus on now some of the things that
I've said maybe in my previous videos
what you need to do when it comes to
things like that you can say for
example now when they say what is your
experience in hematology laboratory or
tell us your experience in hematology
laboratory you should first of all by
saying hematology is a study of blood
and in myology laboratory we have sub
unit or sub benches which include full
blood count coagulation ESR blood F
mology and hemoglobin variance now you
cannot say that in full blood count we
use automation to be able to analyze and
investigate the blood cells such as red
blood cells white blood cells and
platlet now you can of course mention
the parameters of food block count then
you cannot say in red bler we have red
bler indices if you've not watched my
video on food block count I guess you
watch that so you can mention those red
cell indices now you can mention the
white blood cells total and differential
then you also give example of the
differential then you can of course
mention platlet now because you have
mentioned the parameters then you can
say that with the help of the red bler
indices we can be able to investigate
some diseases such as you can mention
something like anemia then you can say
for example microtic or nortic or
microtic anemia then you can mention a
situation maybe there is a iron
deficiency anemia or vitamin B12 or
folet deficiency or maybe due to chronic
disease like liver or kidney diseases
you can measure something like tasmia
you can measure something like hemolysis
and so on so that way you have given
them overview of what red blos can show
you now you can also mention things like
that and with the white blood cells
white blood cell help you to investigate
whether there's an infection okay then
you can mention the other parameters
like neutr lymphocyte monoy oopu and
bopu then you can say that each of these
parameters indicate a lot of things
again you can see my video on full blood
cam now you can also mention things like
platlet plet help for blood clotting
okay so what it mean that when there's
abnormal plet maybe in case of maybe
thrombocytosis Al tro cytopenia that it
indicates a lot of things then you can
give example like I've mentioned on my
previous video on fog account I hope
that makes sense so now now you have
talked about the F block count you
cannot say that you can then mention
your experience with automation you can
say I have a good experience in using
automation such as maybe you can mention
any analyzer that you've used maybe six
or maybe Beckman cter or ABX pentra or
you can mention some like um cement as
the case may be any of the analyzers you
then mention it so you can say I used
this analyzer I've used this analyzer I
understand the maintenance the
troubleshooting of the analyzer I
understand the interpretation of the
result I understand the calibration
understand quality control and know what
to do when the quality control fail I
also have experience in the factors that
can affect food block result such as so
you can give a lot of example maybe
something like Go Glo like pic sample
okay you can measure something like
maybe hemolysis and so on so you can
measure something like cled samples
diluted sample you know like I have
already said on my previous videos okay
so by the by the time you give that
example now you can ask say that you
also know what to do when you suddenly
notice that your analyzer have started
giving you a wrong result so you can
give example of what and what that you
can do okay now after you've said that
you can now talk about validation of
result then you can say that you have a
good knowledge in res validation in F
block camp for example you are
experienced in using you know some
laboratory information management system
which is LMS so you can give example of
some of the LMS that you have used maybe
you can say I've used telepath I used
meditech I have used lab Center you say
I have used this system to validate the
result then you can say that you also
understand when to phone oent result in
hematology laboratory for example in a
case of newly suspected presented
leukemia or in the case of AML or C as
the case may be you can give those
examples so by the time you highlight
all of that you can also say that you
know I forgot to mention that maybe when
you talk about the factor that affect F
blood count result you could measure
something like old sample wrong sample
in tube and all of that that way you
have covered overview of you know your
experience in F blockout then from there
you can then move to maybe something
like ESI you can say that ESR is which
means a rroy sedimentation rate okay it
measured how speed the res can sediment
okay and this can give a strong
indication in a case of inflammation I
have experienced in the processing of
ESR both using manual techniques or
manual method and automated techniques
now if you have used automated
techniques it would be nice to mention
the kind of analyzer you have used for
example something like six M interliner
then from there you can move to
coagulation then you can say that
coagulation of course is the Department
of the hematology where we investigate
clothing system or clotting casket or CL
or clotting Pathways okay then you can
mention things like in clotting pathway
we have intrinsic extic and common
pathway that is what the routine
coagulation tend to investigate for
example that PTR now investigate
extrinsic pathway while um AP
investigate intrinsic pathway and
fibrinogen investigate common pathway
now you can mention something like d
dier you can say that D di on other hand
investigate fibrin degraded product that
these are the routine test in
coagulation okay then you cannot say
that depending on the result that you
get it can suggest a lot of things then
you can mention that one of the things
that affect coagulation are also
pre-analytical phas as commonly seen in
other uh test for example if the
coagulation sample fail the heel test it
can affect the result something like
hemolysis aerid and lipemic that they
can affect you know coagulation result
okay and also if the sample is clotted
or underfilled as the case may be it
will also affect coagulation result okay
now you can move ahead and say thattime
from the result it can suggest a lot of
things maybe that patient being on
anti-coagulant or maybe some other
condition like liver disease or kidney
disease as the case may be from the
result obtained from the coagulation it
can suggest where there is maybe F
deficiency or an inhibitor you know
something like that now you can give
example for example maybe in a case of
race PT you can talk about the mixing
study you know the things that we've
said there I hope this is making sense
you can say I've used some analyzer in
investigating coag samples you can give
example of the analyzer that you've used
for example I have used top 550 to
investigate you know coagulation okay
and I understand how to do the weekly
maintenance daily maintenance okay
monthly maintenance you understand the
performance of the quality control you
know the factor that can affect the
quality control maybe in a case of
contaminated sample or maybe when the
reagent are not properly constituted you
understand calibration you also
understand the factor that may affect
quality control and all of that that you
also know what to do when your quality
control sample fails and all of that so
you can say all of that okay now after
you've said that you can also mention
that you also use laboratory information
management system to validate the
coagulation result okay so that you have
you also competent in understanding the
importance of phoning orent result for
example when anr is maybe greater than
or equal to 5.0 now you understand the
importance of phoning such result now
you can also mention something like in
addition to the routine test in
coagulation test that also from the
result obtained special test may be
required for example in a case of
missing study where maybe it correct
which does suggest maybe F deficiency
that fat asset can be conducted that you
are competent in doing fat AET you can
also say that maybe when it does not
correct which may indicate an inhibitor
that you are competent in processing and
interpreting lupus anti-coagulant test
trombofilia and so on okay so you can
mention all of those things you can
mention other special coagulation test
such as van willbrand test F five fling
Adams 13 so you can mention all of this
okay now you can you might need to
mention some factors that can affect
coagulation result like DIC like TTP I
hope you understand what I'm trying to
say so you can see so far I've talked
them through on fbl account I've talked
them through on ESR now I've talked them
through on coagulation from there you
can then move to something like blood
mology now you can say from the result
obtained from the full blood count okay
that you might sometimes you know have
to request for blood Fe morphology and
from the result of the blood Fe
morphology it can give further
indication for example that you are
competent in making blood fil and
standing blood fil that you are
competent in using automation as well to
make the blow fil and also stand the
blow now you can give example of any
analyzer or automated method that you've
used in making blood or standing blood
fil like things like six SP 10 or SP 50
as the case may be once you have
mentioned that then you can ask that you
are competent in the use of microscope
so you understand how to mous slide on
the microscope and and look at the blood
film at different field okay so you
cannot mention what blood fil can
indicate maybe anemia TTP ITP lemia okay
anything along that line maybe uh post
spoy you can now mention all of those
things that you know that blood F
morphology can show then you can say
that you are competent in them you can
can say also that when you look at the
blood fil that the result you obtain in
some cases would then means that you
would then have to allert hematology
consultant where necessary for example
in a case of suspected ITP that it is an
orent result you then have to let the
hematology consultant know about it okay
now you can mention all of that then
from there you can then move to
hemoglobin variance or hemoglobinopathy
now you can say that under
hemoglobinopathy that you are competent
in the use of maybe high performance
liquid chromatography okay to which is H
PLC to perform hemoglobin variance okay
now you can give them example you can
say without hemoglobin variance okay
that um it can show you U maybe
different hemoglobin present in a
patient sample that this is commonly
maybe in a case of antinal screening
test for the women who are pregnant okay
that this can help to see where there's
abnormal hemoglobin now you can mention
some other hemoglobin that can be seen
you can say for example hemoglobin a
hemoglobin F hemoglobin s you can talk
about maybe like something like C cell
you can say that hemoglobin variance
will help you to understand where
possible the kind of hemoglobin that the
patient have this can help to know how
to be able to monitor the patient and
manage the patient condition as the case
may be now from there you can talk about
something like SLE sense solubility test
so you can say you are competent in SLE
screening test where also it involve SLE
solubility test if you've not watched my
video on sle celebrity test I recommend
you should go and watch it now SLE
celebrity test and from the result that
you obtain you can then confirm it if it
is positive you know which has to do
with the toity okay now if it is toid
which indicate that there is a SLE cell
okay in the sample what you're are going
to do then is then do high performance
liquid chromatography which is head PC
to be able to confirm whether or not
that patient has CLE cell I hope that
makes now you can see that from that
overview I have taken them through each
of the subunit or sub benches of
hematology laboratory like I mentioned
in one of my videos on um your
experience in blood bank once you hear
such questions you should be focusing on
the activities that goes on in that
department what are the benches what are
the likely things that goes on there
once you are able to know the things
that goes on there you then need to talk
about them individually and when you
talk about them individually also
remember to talk about the factors that
can affect those results I hope that
makes sense let me also add something
there so you know like when you talk
about automation that you've used the
analyzer that you've used something like
maybe full block count analyzer
coagulation analyzer and of course head
PC they are all automation now you you
may need to also mention something like
the principle of food block analyzer
which include uh aperture impedence and
flow stomry now if you've not watched my
video on um f block analy principle you
can watch that for more detail now you
can mention something like a principle
of coagulation you can also say that you
have understanding on the principle of
coagulation analyzer which has to do
with DET of metallic magnetic ball
following the um pipeting of samples and
the reagent and incubating and all of
that when the fibrino has been converted
to fibrin or in other once there's a clo
there will be increase in the toid and
because of the increase in the toid
preventing the transparent of the light
to be able to see the ball and once the
light is no longer able to see the ball
analyzer know that yes clo have been
formed so that is how it can be able to
detect when cloth has formed so it has
to do with the detection of that
metallic ball okay so once the analyzer
is no longer able to detect the metallic
ball what it means then is that there's
a cloth there's a cloth formation and
that cloth of course has led to high
turbidity which is now why analyzer is
unable to detect that metallic ball I
hope that makes sense now why that of
the hplc what it does that it has to do
the differential migration through a
column so what happen that there's a
colum so each of these very hemoglobin
okay they will migrate as this
hemoglobin migrate differentially into
colums okay now if present that would
not generate a peak okay so that is a
principle of hplc so and that is why
with hplc what you're looking at is the peak
peak
okay once there's a peak it then suggest
that is that hemoglobin and what it that
each of the hemoglobin have different
Peaks okay so for an example hemoglobin
F has a has a different Peak compar with
hemoglobin s compar with hemoglobin a
and so on so that is how it's able to
differentiate different hemoglobin and
of course you can mention that with HPS
you cannot detect it like Alpha
talasemia Beta talasemia CLE cell any of
those hemoglobin variance now I'm going
to see if I can summarize this they've
asked you tell us your experience in
hematology laboratory what you need to
then say is that hematology laboratory
is a aspect of the patology laboratory
that investigate blood or study blood
that in hematology laboratory it there
are sub department or sub benches which
include F Block C bench ESR bench inoc
coagulation bench hemoglobin barers okay
and blood morphology now you can say in
full blood count you know we measure a
lot of parameters which can give us
overview of maybe uh blood cells whether
they are healthy or not for example we
measure something like red blood cells
which also include Red Cell indices such
as you can give example now you can also
mention something like we investigate
total y count and differential count
such as you can also mention then you
can also mention something like um
trombosit okay which is which are plet
you can say that from this parameter
there's a lot of condition that you can
be able to investigate for example in
Red Cell indices you can know whether
there is a noritic anemia microtic
anemia microtic anemia okay now you can
give other examples if you want now from
there you can say with the Y cell C it
can show you whether there's an
infection or maybe leukemia as the case
may be in trosy or plet it can indicate
maybe where there's bleeding or where
there's a cloting you know disorder as
the case may be so you can mention all
of that now you can now say that you
also understand that there are
pre-analytical pH that can affect you
know F block results such as maybe run
sample in tube or old sample or he
sample or clothed sample or diluted
sample you can mention any of those
things that I've already highlighted on
my previous videos okay now you can now
further say that you understand the use
of automation to analyze full block and
result that you have used you can
mention theer that you've used okay now
you can say you can talk about the
maintenance that you have a good
experience in the maintenance or
calibration understand what to do when
the quality control sample fail and all
of that okay now you can talk about the
laboratory information management system
that you have used in validating this
result okay now you can talk about when
to phone orent result as the case may be
the same thing is what you're going to
do in coagulation in coagulation you can
say that routine test is BT a FAO and D
di now you can mention the pathway that
each of these me now you cannot say you
know depending on the results maybe you
can might be Factor deficiency or
inhibitor or problem from the cloting
part casket or Pathways as the case may
be okay you can give example if you want
you can say some of the result gotten
can suggest that the patient is on
artical gland okay you can me further
test that can be done like special test
like I've already highlighted so you can
give all those overview and of course
like I've said as well you might need to
mention the principle of the analyzer
the same with that of the F blockout as
well now from there you can now move to
the ESR and talk about the ESR you know
um measuring um inflammation okay
looking at the rate at which the rest
can sediment now you can mention the
analyzer that you've used or maybe when
you've done it manually you can talk all
of that now from there you can not talk
about depending on the result you get on
the full block count you might look at
the blood mology with the blood mology
we have to first of all make the fil you
can talk about your experience in making
blood fils whether automation or
manually then from there you can now
move straight to maybe what you can see
in blood F what it may suggest maybe
anemia ion deficiency or fet deficien
just talk about any of those things okay
once you have mentioned that then of
course you cannot go to the hemoglobin
variance where you can mention something
like maybe head PLC or S cell screening
such as s cability testing and
confirming with hplc once you have put
all of that together what you have done
you have given the activities that goes
on in hematology laboratory and you now
explain what each of these activities
may suggest once you have done that you
have successfully expressed your
experience in hematology laboratory and
that is my take on that okay so what I'm
going to say that I know that I've said
a lot of things so when you go for your
interview it doesn't have to take this
long know that you just have to find a
way to summarize it okay as many point
as you can remember try to put it in
because the more you do that the more
you now stand more chance of saying some
things that maybe another person may not
be able to say I hope this makes sense
so yeah you H put a comment on the
comment section tell me what you think
about the video okay like share and
subscribe if you want to appreciate the
video you can select on super time and
also you can decide to join any of the
group of this uh YouTube channel yeah I
hope I've been able to answer the
question on your experience in
hematology laboratory thank you very
much and I wish you all the best thank
you very much till I come back your way
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