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[Music]
thank you
track one
hey Jenny oh hi Steve nice to see you
good to see you too how's it going fine
thanks I'm so glad the exams have
finished me too so are you going on a
holiday this summer yes I've decided to
go to Mexico for the whole summer
vacation six weeks in total that sounds
great what are you gonna do there well
actually it's a working holiday I'm
going to work at a school teaching
English to Children what about you I'm
going to Paris for two weeks are you
going with your family no I'm going with
my best friend we've enrolled in a
language school to study French that
track two foreign
Royal Mount Hotel how may I help you hello
hello
um I'd like to book a twin room please
for next week one minute please I'll
just check if we have one available yes
we do sir now I just need to take down a
few details if I may yes of course what
name is the booking under my name Duncan
Jeffrey that's Geo double f r e y g e o
double f-r-e-y and could I have a
5762-23821 when will you be arriving sir
sometime on the evening of the 19th of
September yes and we'll be leaving on
the 23rd how much will that be in total
so that's a twin room for a twin it
would normally be 235 pounds but I can
give you a special rate as it's low
season 210 pounds for the six nights
great thank you and how would you like
to pay sir we accept cash check or
credit card I'll pay cash on arrival if
that's okay of course sir we look
track three
so what are the differences between
these four hotels well the main
difference is in the facilities they
offer the hotel Sunshine is the only one
which has a gym and it's also got one of
the top Health Spas in the area it's
next to a lake so you can do water
sports there but if you really like
sailing or water skiing then the
Highland Hotel would probably be the
best place because it offers great
instruction programs in these Sports
actually I'm not a sporty person okay
um well what about the hotel come in
here it's a brand new hotel and it
Prides itself on its Cinema and
multimedia Center and then there's the
Royal this one has a conference room a
meeting room and free computer access
but it's not really appropriate for
children there's not much in the way of
entertainment well I'm going on holiday
not to work and it's just my wife and me
so I think we'll book with the hotel
track four
so there's a great walking tour tomorrow
morning or tomorrow night we could go on
the cruise around the harbor what do you
think John well we've got theater
tickets for tonight so we'll be too
tired for the walking tour in the
morning but I don't fancy the cruise
either why not it'll be fun look it's a
dinner cruise and it's only 12 each I
hate the sea and I'll be sick with fear
if the waves are big and dinner on a boat
boat
I just couldn't but we'll be in the harbor
harbor
still now what about this there's a bus
tour tomorrow evening it's only 5.50 and
goes all around the main tourist sites
yeah that sounds okay but I'd much rather
track five
where shall we eat tonight well there
are plenty of options the guide says
this city has hundreds of restaurants
what kind of food would you like to have
John well I quite like seafood there's
the Captain's Table on First Street the
guide gives it four stars hmm I don't
know the hotel receptionist told me the
service is slow but if you like seafood
there are a couple more places in the
guide ah yes mangans or Joe's Cafe what
about those Sam mangans could be a good
option it's nicer than Joe's Cafe and
there are fantastic views as well we'd
probably pay a bit extra Joe's Cafe is
much cheaper but we're on holiday I
think we should Splash out that sounds great
great
oh no hold on it's closed tonight and
what a shame should we go to Joe's Cafe
then yes I suppose we'll have to I'll
give them a call and book a table can I
use your phone uh no sorry I've left my
phone in the hotel
we can ask the receptionist to do it
let's go back now and sort it out we can
get change and have a drink before
hello how can I help you
um hello is it possible to book a bus
tour of the city here of course sir when
would you like to take the tour there
are tours in the morning afternoon and
evening sometimes it's nice to see the
city at night with the buildings lit up
we'll be going out for dinner tonight so
we prefer to go this afternoon oh and
it's for two people right now I just
need some details can you give me the
names of the two people please yes Susan
field and James Carter Susan field and
James sorry can you spell your surname
for me please it's Carter
c-a-r-t-e-r thank you and can I have a
contact telephone number why'd you need
one just in case we have to cancel the
tour and need to contact you I see well
my mobile number is zero seven nine
double eight six three six one nine
seven that's zero seven nine double
eight eight six three six one nine seven
now can you also tell me which hotel
you're staying at the Crest Hotel oh uh
no sorry that's the hotel we're staying
in next week it's the Riverside Hotel oh
the Riverside is a Lovely Hotel are you
enjoying your stay yes we are very much
we definitely recommend it to others oh
I am glad now I can book you on the tour
at 4pm would that suit you alternatively
there is one at two two would be better
for us please right that's booked for
you sir two people at 2PM today August
the 14th you pay the bus driver when you
get on and it's four pounds per person
can I also ask you about the museum in
the main Square I was reading about it
in my guidebook and was shocked to see
that the entrance price is 10 pounds why
does it cost so much well the museum has
the largest collection of Latin American
Art in Europe people come from all over
the world to see it but that's not the
reason why it's so expensive to get in
you see the building is very old and it
needs repairs the 10 pound ticket cost
will go towards repairing the roof and
the walls I see well I suppose it's
worth paying 10 pounds to see the
collection yes I think so too is there
anything else I can help you with
actually there is I was wondering if you
knew of any good restaurants in the area
well there are a few restaurants near
the harbor and a couple on the beach
which are nice the problem is that the
smell of the fish market is quite strong
down there I don't think my girlfriend
would be very pleased I know what you
mean it's not very romantic is it my
advice would be to go to the next town
it's bigger and the restaurant selection
is wider you can get there by taxi and
it only takes about 10 minutes the town
is quite picturesque is it for a special
occasion yes it's my girlfriend's
birthday so I'd like to go somewhere
special uh do you know any of these
restaurants well enough to tell me about
them well I know about a few of them and
there are pictures in this leaflet here
oh this one here is lovely the Bell View
and it's extremely popular it has a
famous chef so it's not cheap but the
standard of the food is very high it's
right by the Sea and there are wonderful
views if you get a good table then
there's the Lighthouse Cafe you can see
the picture here which isn't really a
cafe at all in fact it's a great
restaurant and a lot of TV celebrities
and actors eat there the place has been
going for over a hundred years it's
quite an institution around here I'm not
sure about those two they sound too
expensive to me I was thinking of
somewhere small not too up Market but
with good food in that case what about
Harvey's the same family has run this
restaurant for over a century and it's
reasonably priced and really popular
with local people oh and there's another
family-run restaurant Stonecroft house
new owners took over a month ago and
they're getting good reviews there's a
new Chef there and the food is meant to
be very good this leaflet has the
contact details for all the restaurants
so you can just call them if you'd like
to book a table great thanks you've been
very helpful
Track eight
hello everyone sorry to interrupt your
class I just want to make a quick
announcement about our summer timetable
Shimmer's dance school will be offering
new classes this spring due to strong
demand Angela Stevenson will be back
this term running the ballet class this
class will be on Tuesdays and instead of
the normal hour from 6 30 to 7 30 we'll
be running the class for an hour and a
half so it'll continue until 8 o'clock
this means we have to charge higher fees
but only slightly higher from 8 pounds
50 to 10 pounds 50. that's only two
pounds for the extra half hour next
Janine Davis will still be teaching the
Tango classes instead of being on
Mondays these classes will be on
Wednesday nights from seven o'clock to
eight o'clock the fee will still be 7
pounds 50 for the hour last but not
least Andrew is taking over the tap
class this class is for early risers as
it starts at 8 30 on Saturday morning
and finishes at 10. we expect this class
to be very popular as tap is a great way
to get fit while learning new dancing
skills this will cost 11 pounds all the
other classes remain the same as the
winter timetable we hope there's
something for all of you at Shimmers
track nine
Internet safety is a big concern
nowadays and to protect your children
and teenagers online it's a good idea to
monitor the sites they visit
don't be put off from letting your kids
use the Internet it's essential for
their education and can help them make
friends too
now let me tell you a bit about some
sites we found for children of course
there's a limited number of sites for
the very young but we would suggest one
called playtime online it's designed for
children from four to six years old it's
really colorful and helps children learn
skills for games children love it and it
helps them when they begin School
then from say five until about 10 years
of age there's a really useful website
called moving up this takes playtime
online a step further and enhances the
maths and language skills of the child
teachers speak highly of this site for
child development
when children get into their teens the
internet can be a more dangerous place
net aware for the 12 to 16 year age
group makes young people more aware of
online dangers it's a good site for your
child to look at before they start
surfing on their own
now all teenagers love chatting and chat
electric is a site designed specifically
for teens from 13 to 16 to make friends
online with people their own age
the last site is invaluable for teens
studying for exams
16 to 18 year olds love test doctors
which is a site designed to help
students revise for their exams and is
full of Handy hints and tips
the site is run by subject Specialists
track 10.
the health and education summer camp in
the county of cork in southern Ireland
is ideal for young people who'd like to
learn new sports and activities it has a
beautiful location near a river and
occupies five acres
the camp has two types of accommodation
tents and caverns both of which are
modern and comfortable
the cabins are by the river and the
tents are on Higher Ground away from the
river and next to the washrooms there
are two washroom blocks fully equipped
with showers as well as toilets we also
have facilities for cooking here we
provide all the pots pans utensils
all cooking is done in the cooking area
which is situated in the center of the
camp this gives the camp a real social
track 11.
the Duke of edinburgh's award is a
program of activities designed to help
young people from all backgrounds
develop personally there are three
levels bronze silver and gold and for
each level participants have to complete
a series of activities in four
categories volunteering physical skills
and Expedition
this talk will explain what you have to
do in order to get a Bronze award
the first thing you need to do is find a
Duke of Edinburgh center near you this
could be your school college or youth
club then you'll need to pay a small fee
to enroll in the program once you've
enrolled you'll get a welcome pack which
explains the four categories in more
detail then you can start planning what
to do you can do many different types of
activity for each category but you must
get them approved by your Duke of
Edinburgh coordinator before you start
so you don't waste time doing something
which is not approved
the other important person is your
assessor this is the person who will
certify that you've completed each
activity by signing your record book
after you've completed all the
activities and the time given your
recesser will send your record book
results to the operating Authority who
will check it if everything is
satisfactory you'll get your certificate
and badge to confirm you've completed
the award and after that you can start
track 12.
good morning everyone and thank you for
coming to find out more about the new
team program here at the Park Hill
Leisure Center I'd like to take you
through the program the classes
available describe the building itself
and then give you some information about
how to register and sign up for the
sports and activities we offer
afterwards you'll have an opportunity to
take a tour of the center we also have
some taster sessions with our
instructors which we hope you'll enjoy
and which will motivate you to sign up
let's go through the classes first
as you can see from the Teen program
handout in your pack we have lots of
classes on offer our instructors are
highly qualified and have lots of
experience training young people Diana
is our dance instructor and she gives
classes in jazz and salsa on Wednesday
and Thursday evenings respectively Jim
usually takes the football practice
sessions but this year he is branching
out into American Sports and will be
running the baseball club on Saturday
afternoons we think this will be very
popular so Steve will now run the
football practice this class has been
changed from Saturday to Sunday
afternoons Steve will also take the
skateboarding class on Monday evening
the roller skating course is for
beginners and this will be taken by
Stella who was last year's under-21
London roller skating Champion so you'll
be in good hands with her expert advice nice
nice
the day of this course is still to be
arranged but it's likely to be Tuesday
we'll confirm the day by the end of this week
week
track 13.
now some of you won't have been to Park
Hill Leisure Center before so let me
just tell you a little about the layout
as you can see the reception area here
is very spacious and there is plenty of
room to meet your friends and have a
drink we also have brand new dance
studios with floor-to-ceiling mirrors
and the latest audio equipment the dance
studios are to the left of the reception
area behind the swimming pool no sorry I
meant opposite the swimming pool both
the roller skating and skateboarding
classes will be held in the skate arena
this has also been refurbished and we
have a new five meter ramp in there
which is proving to be popular
the arena is behind the changing rooms
which you can see behind us between the
gym and Tennis Courts the tennis courts
are on the right of the Arena you'll see
both of these new spaces on the tour later
later
now the final thing I want to talk about
is how to join the Park Hill Leisure
Center and enroll for the classes
first you need to complete an enrollment
form with some of your personal details
including your address and telephone
number and the name of your school
if you're under 16 years old then you'll
also be required to get your parents
permission to take part in the classes
please ask one of your parents to sign
the authorization form attached to the
enrollment form you'll find the form in
your information pack
when you've done this you just hand the
forms to reception you can pay an annual
subscription of 20 pounds or
alternatively you can pay each time you
use the facilities
there is a one pound 60 admission fee in
this case
whether you decide to pay in one go or
with each visit you still need to
complete the forms in your pack and
become a member once we have the forms
we'll send your membership card to your
home address all you need to do is show
this card every time you come to the
center and if you want to book a class
you just need your membership number on
your card
track 15.
hi everyone how are you all I'm fine
thanks Linda actually I'm not feeling so
well I think I've got a cold oh no
Stephen I'm sorry to hear that what
about you Joanne I'm fine but I'm very
busy with my biology course oh me too
there's so much work to do in that case
we should get started on our essay John
do you want to start okay let me start
track 16.
we've really got to decide who does what
for our Natural Earth Project okay Alice
well we've got all our Cloud research so
let's decide how to break it down well
we should probably start by saying how
clouds are formed good idea and then
maybe move on to the different types of
clouds we can separate it into low-lying
medium level and high clouds what do you
think Jenny yes I think that's a good
idea and we should also make a
PowerPoint to make it a bit more
interesting and put in pictures of the
different clouds good idea Jenny we
should probably have cue cards too I'm
useless at remembering what to say
without them yes me too well I'm quite
happy to organize everything we found
out about clouds and make sure it fits
since our presentation times actually
I'd better do that I've got all the
research on my computer so it makes
sense how about if you make the
presentation slides Carl okay Alice
that's fine by me well if you guys are
gonna do that then I'll look on the
internet for pictures of the different
types of clouds that'll be great Jenny
I'll also make the prompt cards so we
don't forget what we're saying during
the presentation sounds great let's have
a run through on Tuesday what sections
does everyone want to talk about I don't
really mind I hate speaking in front of
people so I'd prefer not to do the
introduction I don't mind I'll do that
if you don't want to talk much then why
don't you just do the middle bit about
the medium level clouds yes I can do the
low level and high level clouds part I'm
sure Jenny can handle the summarizing
too thanks guys we can all take
track 17.
hi Roger Debbie Hi how are you oh I've
been struggling with my natural Earth assignment
assignment
it's proving to be really difficult the
one for Professor black me too I'm
writing about volcanic activity what are
you doing yours on acid rain I thought
that would be okay but the process is
really complicated well I can help you
with it I know a lot about acid rain I
studied the causes and effects last year
really oh that's great I've done some
work on the causes I'm going to write
that acid rain is caused by sulfur
dioxide from power plants and smelters
basically this reacts in the atmosphere
to form acid rain ah but it's not just
sulfur dioxide it's also nitrogen oxides
really yes when things like car exhausts
but aren't nitrogen oxides also caused
by natural events too yes they're a
minor Factor but I think they're worth
mentioning but sorry carry on thanks I
might add that so anyway these emissions
react in the atmosphere with water
oxygen and oxidants to form acidic
compounds like sulfuric acid these
compounds Then Fall to Earth are you
going to mention the different ways they
return to the ground do you mean wet and
dry deposition yes so you've done a bit
of background reading then yes so if
I've got it right acid rain often comes
down as rain but also as snow or fog
this is wet deposition I'm also going to
Define it as any form of precipitation
that removes acids from the atmosphere
yes I think that's a good term to Define
it dry deposition well I think that's
when the pollutants stick to the ground
through dust
I'm not really sure how to define it
though compared to wet deposition just
think of it as any pollutants that are
not caused through precipitation that's
probably the best way
did you know that sunlight can enhance
the effects of acid rain as well no I
didn't oh there's so much to think about
I'm sure I'll go over my word limit well
you sound like you know a lot about the
subject just try and keep your focus
I've had the same problem writing about
track 18.
do you want to make a start in our
Natural Earth Project I think our idea
of a lightning safety presentation is
great don't you Rachel yes I think it'll
be really good I have a few ideas
already oh great me too I think we
should divide it into two parts what to
do if you're inside when lightning
strikes and what to do if you're outside
what do you think that's good but we
need more something about planning for
this kind of event and also what to do
if someone gets hit by lightning oh I
can't believe I forgot that of course
well what should we talk about in the
first part I think we should say it's
important to be aware lightning is
always before rain so don't wait until
it rains as soon as you hear thunder or
lightning you should get inside okay yes
and then if you're indoors you should
avoid water stay away from doors and
windows and don't use the telephone
phone or any electrical equipment in
fact if you can switch it off first and
you should wait half an hour after the
last clap of Thunder before going back
outside and if you're outside when it
storms you also need to avoid water try
and get inside as soon as possible there
are certain things you should avoid Open
Spaces anything large and made of metal
and of course the obvious one trees but
we should mention that if lightning
strikes very near you you need to crouch
down oh is that right I thought you had
to stand still no that's actually wrong
you're supposed to crouch down and put
your hands over your ears the noise can
damage your hearing if you don't
okay I think we've got quite a lot here
only the last part to go now what to do
if someone gets hit
I think we should say that it's very
rare for someone to get hit by lightning
our talk sounds as if there's danger all
around we should try and make it sound a
bit more reassuring yes you're right
we'll say it doesn't happen often it's
just better to be safe than sorry but
what should we say about getting hit by
lightning well I think we should say
it's safe to touch people who've been
hit by lightning they don't have any
electrical charge if there's a first
aider around then they should help them
otherwise it's just best to call for an
ambulance and we should remind our
audience that 80 of lightning victims
don't get fatally injured that should
track 19.
so I think we'd better start planning
what we're going to do for our group
project have you guys had any ideas I
was thinking we should do something on
extreme weather events but I think Alex
had some different ideas yes maybe we
should look into more localized weather
conditions and the effects on the
immediate environment that's a good idea
Alex but I don't think we'd be able to
get much data on that and we don't
really have time to do our own research
what about doing something about the
seasons I think the seasons might be a
bit too wide-reaching you know when we
take into account the wind patterns and
pressure systems maybe you're right well
how about Tom's idea of extreme weather
conditions yes that sounds like a good
idea it's easy to break down into
separate parts and it certainly sounds
more interesting I'd quite like to cover
monsoons I've been doing some reading on
them and they're quite interesting well
that sounds good we should maybe take
two areas each that would make it easier
for us to focus
well we've got lots to choose from we
could do blizzards heat waves droughts
Cyclones there are loads why don't you
do blizzards too Tom I don't fancy doing
them but I wouldn't mind doing something
on floods they're linked to monsoons I
think so it will be an easy transition
what do you fancy doing Alex well I
could always cover wins but that isn't
really extreme enough well I could do
hurricanes they're pretty exciting how
about doing Cyclones Emma I'd rather do
heat waves and droughts I think I know a
bit about them I don't know anything
about Cyclones Cyclones are really
interesting I can cover them that sounds
great I was thinking about doing
Cyclones but I'm happy for you to do them
them
track 20.
right shall we get started on some of
the content yes we haven't got that much
time does anyone know anything about
their topics I know quite a lot about
Cyclones do you well I studied them at
high school you know Cyclones usually
start near the equator they need quite
warm water to form above the warm water
The Vapor in the air forms clouds and if
there is low pressure then these clouds
will start to rotate isn't it also the
fact that the Earth rotates too which
makes the clouds spin more yes that too
once they begin rotating they can either
lose momentum or keep Gathering momentum
until they hit land these ones are
called mature Cyclones luckily as soon
as they hit land they start to lose
momentum and fade away just because they
don't have the warmth of the ocean
underneath well that's a relief they can
still be really destructive they are
like a big circle of wind they blow
strongly until the eye of the storm
passes you know the center where
everything is really quiet no wind or
anything but then the other side hits
and the winds blow just as strongly but
in the other direction it's just amazing
yes I would really like to cover that
well it looks like we've got it all
arranged then
track 21.
my family isn't very big there's just my
son and me I'm a single parent
for the last 10 years I've been
concentrating on looking after my son
James who's now 14. but now I've met
someone special and we've just got
engaged my fiance has four kids of his
own and we're gonna get married in July
James is really excited about it he's
looking forward to having brothers and
sisters in his new Step family
we live as one big extended family there
are seven of us in our household besides
my husband and me and our children
there's my aunt and two of my cousins I
stay at home and care for my mother
because she's quite old and can't look
after herself obviously we suffer from a
lack of space in the house but we all
track 22. one
one
firstly I'm going to talk about the role
of the parent
secondly I'll discuss the role of the
child and lastly we'll look at the
family unit as a whole two
two
parenting is a difficult job because no
two children are ever the same three
three
families are important because they form
the basis for socialization
additionally they educate and protect
4.
the family structure has varied greatly
over time that is different times have
had different views of what a
traditional family structure is
5. many argue that less traditional
structures are not as effective however
there is little evidence to support this
6. many people are having families later
in life
consequently the rise in the number of
7.
families in other parts of the world
differ from the Western Norm for
instance In some cultures having
multiple husbands or wives is the norm eight
eight
although there are many arguments for
trying to keep the traditional family
structure strong I feel a key issue is
the economic necessity of having a
truck 23.
as we have seen changes in the structure
of the family are constantly occurring
extended to nuclear patrifocal to a more
equal footing between the Sexes and dual
parenting to single parenting
however a recent phenomenon in the UK
which is changing the traditional family
is the increasing number of adults who
continue to live with their parents
until their 30s or sometimes even their forties
forties
the UK has traditionally been a society
where Offspring leave the family home in
their late teens or early twenties to
set up their own home and families but
in the last 25 years this has decreased
official statistics released by the
office of national statistics show that
today 10 percent of men in their early
30s still live with their parents this
Compares with five percent of women in
this age range
the reasons for this are complex and
varied it cannot be denied that some
people are choosing to stay at home
living with parents can be an easy
option food is provided Heating and
electricity are paid for and rent if any
is minimal
however a third of those surveyed
claimed they are living with their
parents because it is too difficult to
get on the property ladder
house prices in the last few decades
have risen dramatically property is now
five times the average annual salary
whereas it was only three times the
average annual wage in the 1980s
this fact coupled with high unemployment
amongst young people makes it virtually
impossible for a single person to buy a
home or even rent
a number of students going on to higher
education has also been steadily increasing
increasing
many of these students return home after
finishing their studies as a result of
the student debt they have accumulated
it can take many years to pay this off
and if the burden of rent or a mortgage
is added to that it can be just too much
for a young adult's pocket
however help is now at hand the
government is tackling some of the
problems that cause people to remain
with their parents with a new scheme the
affordable housing scheme
this aims to help people part by a house
or flat by making housing more
affordable for first-time buyers and
possibly taking the strain away from
track 24.
the family is a topic which we will look
at in great detail this term for
sociologists the family is often seen as
the beginning of socialization
indeed it is the seed of society itself
in recent decades many old people have
no longer been able to rely on their
offspring for support which was common
50 years ago
many children are brought up by only one
parent something virtually unheard of
before the 1960s
we can certainly say that during the
last half century we have seen an
enormous change in traditional family structures
structures
the extended family lasted well into the
early 1900s and this kind of strong
family unit was essential due to
property ownership
housing often was scarce and it was
necessary for people to live with
parents and take over the property when
their parents died of course people
still benefit from their family line
still today people generally inherited
to any money that their mother or father
might have
in the UK the last 50 years has also
seen a decrease in the number of
Offspring parents have whereas in the
1950s only 10 percent of Offspring were
only children
this number has risen
nowadays this is the case for just over
in Victorian times the upper classes
made up less than three percent of the
entire population of Britain yet this
class held more than 90 percent of the
country's wealth
this shows the massive Gap there was
between rich and poor a gap which is
shrunk considerably in the last century
today we're going to look at the wide
differences in Family Life between rich
and poor in Victorian times
let's begin with the upper classes
the other classes of the Victorian
period were generally the nobility or
the clergy most of their servants were
very poorly paid but were always
accommodated within the homes of upper
class Victorian families so they didn't
have to pay for accommodation food and
often clothing
the money which they did earn they
normally sent home to their families
many Victorian servants came from the
countryside where the effects of the
industrial revolution had resulted in
job losses amongst these servants were
Cooks housemaids stable hands and butlers
butlers
the family would also employ a nanny who
although employed by the family was not
traditionally seen as a servant
anani's primary role was to care for the children
children
she was responsible for teaching the
children how to behave looking after
them when they were ill and instilling
discipline into them
nannies did not however educate the
children generally children from wealthy
families did not attend school outside
the family home
tutors would come to the house to do
this and although on occasion mothers
taught their children to read and
fathers gave their children some
instruction in Latin this was not a
common occurrence
now the Victorian offer classes have the
reputation of being quite cruel but this
wasn't always the case they were also
quite charitable
ragged schools were set up with funding
from the upper classes so that poor
children could have some form of Education
Education
additionally most Victorian parents were
very proud of their children who were
often seen as prized possessions
this goes against the common idea that
parents were very hard on their children
in fact the opposite was generally the rule
rule however
however
the situation for lower class families
was very different in the lower classes
child labor was Rife children as young
as eight earned a living as chimney
sweeps for wealthy houses
now let's move on to looking at the
lower class families in more detail
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