0:12 greetings I'm Bishop Chester right and
0:15 this is the video teaching series the
0:17 biblical principles governing the eyes
0:21 this is lesson number 16 in that series
0:29 and I used the phrase several times over
0:32 the course of these previous lessons the
0:36 lust of the eyes I think it's time that
0:39 we actually look into what that means
0:46 how it's used and and really really more
0:49 clearly explain and define what the lust
0:55 of the eyes is unless the eyes is the
0:57 result of eyes that are not bound to a
0:59 covenant one that we have consciously
1:04 made and have become an ally with our
1:06 flesh and are in league with our pride
1:09 eventually causing us to love the world
1:13 and not the father the one of the most
1:16 significant points of reference for the
1:18 lust of the eyes is found in 1st John
1:21 2:15 and I have rapidly quoted these
1:26 verses and a couple of previous lessons
1:29 but we're going to focus on them at this
1:33 time first John 2:15 through seventeen
1:34 reads this way love not the world
1:37 neither the things that are in the world
1:39 If any man love the world the love of
1:42 the father's not in him for all that is
1:44 in the world unless the flesh and the
1:46 lust of the eyes and the pride of life
1:49 is not of the Father but is of the world
1:53 and the world passeth away and the lust
1:56 thereof but he that doeth the will of
2:02 God abideth for ever well obviously
2:13 they're not ambiguous at all they are
2:17 very clearly and pointedly stating the
2:20 difference between our relationship with God
2:21 God
2:23 and our relationship with the world
2:28 through our flesh through our humanity
2:32 and while we all have both a
2:36 relationship with God and a relationship
2:38 with humanity this relationship might
2:41 not be a good relationship and this
2:43 relationship over here might not be a
2:47 good relationship again I am body soul
2:50 and spirit and my soul is the real me
2:52 body goes back to dust whence it came
2:54 the spirit of life goes back to God
2:58 which gave it I am I am the soul I am
3:01 the soul that's me my soul lives in this
3:03 house that you're looking at this house
3:08 is not me the soul in me does not age in
3:12 me my image of myself inside does not
3:14 look it looks very different than the
3:16 image of you that you're seeing because
3:21 my soul does not age my body ages so
3:23 this this is just a house that I'm
3:28 living in and so my soul has two parts
3:29 and I've said this a couple of times but
3:31 it's important in this context I soul
3:35 has two parts my conscious self which is
3:37 called my mind that's the part with
3:40 which I relate to the world I
3:42 communicate to the the temporal world
3:44 the temporal world communicates with me
3:48 through with my soul me through my mind
3:52 the heart is my inner man and that is
3:55 who I really am that's the seat of my
3:58 will the seat of my feelings my
4:00 decisions are not made with my mind
4:02 they're made with my heart contrary to
4:05 what some people believe the seat of my
4:10 will is my heart my soul may take
4:13 information from both places but my soul
4:16 the me makes a decision but where is
4:19 that decision made in my heart the heart
4:23 is out of the heart or the issue we use
4:29 this the last lesson the give diligence
4:32 to guard the heart guard your heart with
4:34 all diligence for
4:38 out of it are the issues of life so it's
4:41 not my mind as a man thinketh in his
4:44 heart so is he
4:47 as a man thinketh in his heart so is he
4:50 so my inner man thinks my conscious man
4:52 thinks but there are two different things
4:53 things
4:58 my subconscious or inner man relates to
5:01 God if it's going to relate to God in my
5:07 my mind relates to this world and I have
5:10 to decide which one of those influences
5:13 my soul me I have to decide which one of
5:16 those influences are going to be the
5:21 path that I follow and so the Lord in
5:23 making a distinction that verse that
5:25 I've used many times in these lessons
5:31 laces 3 & 5 and 17 the the flesh the
5:33 flesh lusts against spirit the spirit
5:35 list against the flesh these are
5:37 contrary one to the other of the word
5:39 contra there's open hostility against
5:43 each other so that you cannot do the
5:45 things that you would so I have to
5:48 decide whether the influences from God
5:50 are the influences through my flesh are
5:54 going to win I have to decide who's
5:56 going to do that but in helping trying
6:00 to help us to diagnose our condition so
6:03 to speak diagnose our current spiritual
6:06 position and condition God gives us
6:08 certain verses that are really clear in
6:12 helping that diagnosis these verses are
6:18 some of those very direct and specific
6:20 verses that help us with that diagnosis
6:23 so he says love not the world the
6:26 neither the things that are in the world
6:29 I can use the things without loving them
6:33 but if I begin to love them if I love
6:35 the things of the world then I'm loving
6:38 the world If any man love the world the
6:42 love of the father is not in him
6:46 and then John gives us more detail
6:48 he says for all that is in the world
6:51 the things in there in the world and
6:53 what he really does is instead of
6:56 describing the things in the world he's
6:59 describing the way the parts of us and
7:02 the way that we react to the world and
7:05 those things for all there's in the
7:07 world the lust of the flesh the lust of
7:10 the eyes and the pride of life is not of
7:12 the Father but is of the world so again
7:16 these things that are in the world I'm
7:18 in the world this is the parts of me
7:22 that allow the world and the adversary
7:24 was the god of this world to affect me
7:27 through my flesh all of this has to do
7:31 with my flesh except for the third one
7:33 and that's that's the pride of life and
7:35 we'll get into talking that to some
7:40 degree before I actually began to to
7:43 discuss those three things in detail
7:48 just for further understanding I'd like
7:51 to read verse sixteen to you from a
7:54 couple of different verses translations
7:56 the amplified says for all that is in
7:59 the world the lust of the flesh and the
8:01 amplified explains the craving for
8:05 sensual sensual gratification and the
8:07 lust of the eyes greedy longings of the
8:10 mind so it's not greedy just for money
8:13 it's greedy for greedy being greedy for
8:15 everything that the world has to offer
8:18 and the pride of life and it explains
8:21 the pride of life is the assurance of
8:24 its own resources or in the stability of
8:27 earthly things these do not come from
8:30 the father but are of the world we 6
8:33 planes it this way our translation to
8:35 this way because everything which is in
8:38 the world the passionate desire of the
8:40 flesh the totally depraved nature and
8:42 the passion that desire the eyes and the
8:45 insolent and empty assurance which trust
8:47 in the things that our self that serve
8:50 the creature life is not from the Father
8:53 as a source but is from the world as a
8:58 source this is uh this is really really
8:59 critical here
9:01 the Greek word lust that is used
9:03 both concerning unless the eyes and the
9:07 lust of the flesh is the word for
9:09 longing especially for that which is
9:13 forbidden and then a and the complete
9:16 word study dictionary gives a degree to
9:20 it to desire greatly it is strong desire
9:23 longing or less so it's not just the
9:26 longing it is that longing look that
9:29 turns that that really triggers a strong
9:34 desire a strong desire when our eyes act
9:37 in concert with our flesh and our pride
9:41 we will make decisions that demonstrate
9:43 that our spiritual love interest is not
9:48 God but the world before we get into the
9:51 details of this the question would have
9:53 to be asked can one be saved who loves
9:57 the world and not God do I really need
9:58 to answer that the answer is pretty
10:02 obvious in it love not the world neither
10:03 things are in the world if any man love
10:05 the world of fuzz not eating all this in
10:06 the world less the flesh the lust of the
10:11 eyes pride of life many love the world
10:16 it passed away it's going to pass away
10:19 the love of the world the world pass
10:22 away and the lust thereof if so if
10:24 that's been my focus the focus of my
10:27 desire my longing is the world then what
10:29 I'm desiring for and longing for is
10:32 temporal it's going to pass away but he
10:36 that doeth the will of God abideth for
10:39 ever so again the lust of the eyes the
10:43 lust of the flesh the pride of life in
10:46 most cases the one that actually starts
10:49 all of this is the eyes the flesh will
10:53 lust for what the eyes see the only time
10:55 that the lust of the flesh would really
10:58 precede the lust of the eyes is when I
11:02 have a habit and I have deposited
11:04 tattooed memories of images and
11:09 experiences that have memories of
11:11 feelings and experiences with them and
11:14 so flesh begins to remember that
11:18 without a trigger and then it will then
11:22 cause the eyes to pursue looking for a
11:26 renewal of that experience because just
11:29 remembering what I've longed for and
11:33 experiencing that from the past is not
11:36 satisfying enough to the flesh the flesh
11:39 wants to have renewed experiences so the
11:42 I then would go pursuing it but in most
11:45 cases it's the eye that starts it and
11:49 that triggers in us from the longing
11:52 from the lingering to the longing it
11:55 triggers in us this lust of the flesh
12:00 now the problem with all of this is and
12:04 it is a problem is that I cannot
12:09 fellowship cannot fellowship dwell on
12:13 give focus and attention to fulfilling
12:15 the lust of the eyes and the lust of the
12:18 flesh and the pride of life without
12:21 loving the source of those things
12:25 without loving them loving in the sense
12:29 of I'm no longer giving myself wholly to
12:32 God the greatest commandment accorded
12:33 Jesus says hear o Israel the Lord our
12:36 God is one Lord and thou shalt love the
12:37 Lord thy God with all your heart with
12:39 all your soul with all your mind with
12:41 all your strength and the word with all
12:45 there in those four places it's not the
12:49 Greek word pause for all it is the Greek
12:52 word for the whole of literally the
12:59 whole of God wants me to give him in
13:03 love the whole of my heart the whole of
13:07 my soul the whole of my mind the whole
13:11 of my strength but if I'm divided if I'm
13:14 divided I've tried to be a Christian but
13:15 I love the world too
13:20 I'm trying to live two lives according
13:24 to Jesus we don't love him be
13:26 ultimately he's not going to be
13:28 satisfied with anything less than the
13:31 whole of us now he understands because
13:33 he designed all this that is a growth
13:36 process that we are to grow in that love
13:38 that's why first John talks about
13:41 perfected love perfect love is completed
13:46 love love that has reached a place of
13:50 maturity and fruitfulness so it is
13:54 possible for me to love God but not have
13:58 a proven love a mature love well the
14:01 problem with is without a mature or
14:06 completed love john said perfect love
14:10 casteth out fear so one of the ways I
14:13 know that I'm a love God but I don't
14:16 have a perfected love is that sometimes
14:18 I battle fear fear of circumstances fear
14:20 of events fear of what might happen fear
14:22 of what I might lose fear of rejection
14:27 fear of failure I may love God but if
14:28 I'm battling these things I do not have
14:32 a mature love well the amount of my love
14:34 is not gonna mature if I'm not focusing
14:37 on getting to that place if I'm not
14:40 focusing on learning how to let God let
14:44 him teach me how to let him work in my
14:46 life and bring me that place if I'm
14:48 trying to live two lives and I'm loving
14:51 the world then I'm not loving God not to
14:54 the way that pleases him that satisfies
14:57 him and in his long suffering with us
15:00 and his patience with us which is beyond
15:03 our imagination he will allow us to live
15:08 this way for some period of time I don't
15:10 know how long that is it varies with
15:12 each individual he's God he chooses with
15:15 each one of us but there it comes a
15:17 point in all this process at some point
15:21 we convince God that we're not going to
15:26 choose him wholly that maybe
15:28 desire to continue to have some
15:29 relationship with him so we can hope to
15:33 be saved while we enjoy all that the
15:35 world has to offer no matter how
15:39 depraved it may become well that doesn't
15:44 work that's not acceptable it doesn't
15:47 work it doesn't work for the Lord he
15:50 said if you're not with me you're
15:53 against me if you're not scattering with
15:55 me if you're not gathering with me
15:57 you're scattering abroad so there comes
16:00 a point where God says I'm giving you
16:02 enough time I've blessed you I've helped
16:04 you have talked to you I've dealt with
16:06 you I've let good things come your way
16:08 of let bad things come your way and you
16:10 don't get that you're not getting the
16:14 message and that's enough he says my
16:16 spirit will not always strive with man
16:18 that tells us when he first said that it
16:22 was about the world in Genesis 6 that
16:26 was wholly given to depravity because of
16:28 their imaginations were only filled with
16:32 wickedness all the time well if he said
16:35 and he did that he reached the point my
16:37 spirit will not always strive with man
16:40 that means that God had tried to
16:43 communicate with him he had tried to
16:46 deal with them he had tried to talk with
16:52 them but they didn't listen so there is
16:56 this point so I'm not trying to give you
17:00 or myself and out here okay I can I
17:02 could have both of these for some period
17:04 of time that's a dangerous thing what if
17:07 I died in that condition what if the
17:08 rapture took place in them in that
17:14 condition now I have to make a decision
17:17 have to make a decision that's why we're
17:19 teaching this series the biblical
17:21 principles governing the eye because
17:24 most of these problems start with what
17:28 my eyes see and then what that look and
17:30 then the lingering and then the longing
17:42 if I habitually am giving in to the lust
17:43 of the eyes of the lusts of the flesh
17:48 and the pride of life the pride of life
17:50 what is the pride of life very
17:55 succinctly put it is self-sufficiency
17:59 notice what he said verse 17 and the
18:01 world passeth away the less thereof but
18:04 he that doeth the will of God abideth
18:07 forever the self-sufficient Christian is
18:11 the one that pays God his homage you do
18:15 the obligatory things you do the minimum
18:17 that has to be done - consider yourself
18:22 saved but you never give him your whole
18:28 heart soul mind strength and so if I
18:31 entertain the lust of the eyes and the
18:34 lust of the flesh I create in me a
18:39 strength of will to do what I want to do
18:42 that I will not ultimately surrender my
18:45 will to God because you see if I'm going
18:47 to obey the greatest commandment and
18:48 love the Lord with all my heart soul
18:51 mind and strength the foundation of that
18:54 is I ultimately have to surrender my
18:59 whole will to God I ultimately have to
19:06 surrender my whole will to God and of
19:10 course the reminder is the world passeth
19:19 away and the lust thereof now we may not
19:21 want to hear this but the Lord has made
19:26 this a test of salvation it's a test of
19:30 salvation so we we have to decide we
19:35 have to decide what we're going to do
19:37 with our eyes are we gonna make the
19:40 flesh submit to our will and to God's
19:43 will by the grace of God and obey God is
19:46 the flesh gonna serve us and our walk
19:49 with God or are we going to serve our
19:51 flesh both the eyes and
19:56 the nature and let it reinforce our
20:01 normal sinful nature of self-will until
20:04 we build such walls of rigidity with our
20:08 will that we can't possibly give
20:10 ourselves to God and give our will to
20:16 God to just wind this lesson up I want
20:20 to use just a few places in the
20:24 scripture that talks about man and his
20:27 relationship to what he sees and lusts
20:32 after and the consequences of that so
20:34 the following some of the most egregious
20:37 sins in the Bible and they began with a
20:42 simple look and of course the one that
20:47 is the beginning of it all the Bible
20:51 says concerning Eve in Genesis 3:6 and
20:54 when the woman saw that the tree was
20:57 good for food and that it was pleasant
21:00 to the eyes and a tree to be desired to
21:03 make one wise she took of the fruit
21:06 thereof and did eat and gave under her
21:11 husband with her and he did eat now
21:19 Satan accused God to Eve he says you're
21:22 not gonna die he just knows God knows
21:24 that if you eat this you're gonna become
21:27 godlike by God and know all things
21:30 you'll be like not God no but all things
21:32 because the fruit of the tree was the
21:34 knowledge of good and evil that implies
21:38 that Adam and Eve only had knowledge of
21:42 good they didn't have the other because
21:43 the only temptation in the garden was
21:47 this tree which he said thou shalt not
21:48 it is the only thing you can't eat of
21:51 and the serpent in the tree it
21:54 communicated with her about all this so
21:57 because she didn't really know what God
22:01 said she didn't really know that because
22:07 God said that you can't eat of it or
22:10 touch it unless you die she added to the
22:12 word God never said she couldn't touch
22:17 it God said you can't eat of it but she
22:18 didn't really know what the Word of God
22:20 said so she couldn't resist what Satan
22:24 said and so then we come down to this
22:33 point here we are and so the scripture
22:38 says she saw that the tree was good for
22:41 food that's the lust of the eyes and
22:44 that it was pleasant to the eyes in this
22:46 context that would be the lust of the
22:50 flesh because it's not just what she's
22:53 seeing it's what she's feeling or
22:59 perceived she would feel as a result of
23:02 what she's seeing and a tree to be
23:04 desired to make one wise the pride of
23:08 life so from the beginning even before
23:11 there was a first sin there was a
23:15 natural world with the temptation again
23:17 why did God that's the question why did
23:19 God put this tree in the garden why was
23:21 there a serpent to be able to tempt her
23:25 because love is a choice and God wants
23:27 us to love him with all of our heart
23:29 soul mind and strength but we cannot
23:31 love if we don't have a choice there has
23:34 to be a choice so the world serves the
23:36 purpose for us that the tree did in the
23:39 garden it gives us a choice and we're
23:43 supposed to choose because love is a
23:49 choice and she chose she chose what her
23:53 eyes saw what her flesh desired and what
23:59 her pride wanted over God she chose that
24:03 now it's another story altogether
24:07 as to why her husband ate the scripture
24:10 says in Romans that she was deceived
24:23 that what she saw with her eyes that it
24:27 was good for food and the pleasure she
24:29 anticipated because of what her eyes saw
24:33 and the fact that it would make her wise
24:36 she loved the world more than the love
24:41 than loving the father and her husband
24:46 chose to accept all that with her I
24:47 don't know how long I don't know if he
24:51 automatically did it I don't know if he
24:53 realized she'd eaten and he ate so that
24:56 he wouldn't lose her I don't know that I
25:03 don't know if she talked him into it I
25:06 don't know that but he made a choice he
25:12 chose her over God he wasn't tempted
25:19 because he saw her been there done that
25:23 thank God the one I chose was the one
25:26 that God chose for me first but I
25:29 understand that so from the beginning
25:31 this list of the flesh lust of the eyes
25:35 pride of life has been a factor in
25:38 providing man a choice we have to choose
25:40 we're going to love the world are we
25:43 going to love God there's another very
25:49 disturbing passage in the scripture I'm
25:51 gonna read a little bit here and there's
25:54 last few minutes just for context and so
25:57 if you would allow me it's dealing with
26:00 akin Joshua chapter 7 verse 10 of the
26:02 Lord said unto Joshua get the up
26:05 wherefore lifestyle upon thy face what
26:07 was Joshua doing his face Israel had
26:09 gone out to battle and for the first
26:12 time in Joshua's leadership they'd been
26:14 defeated and fled before the enemy and
26:16 is in Joshua comes home and he's cried
26:19 out to God Oh what why have you forsaken
26:20 us and why have you let us down and
26:23 whatever and God says to Joshua get up I
26:25 haven't forsaken you haven't let you down
26:27 down
26:30 Israel hath sinned
26:31 they have also transgressed my covenant
26:33 which I commanded them for they have
26:35 taken of the accursed thing and have
26:37 stolen and assembled also and they have
26:39 put it even among their own stuff
26:41 therefore the children of Israel could
26:42 not stand before their enemies but turn
26:45 their backs before their enemies because
26:47 they were accursed neither will I be
26:49 with you anymore except you destroy the
26:52 curstyn thing from among you up sanctify
26:53 the people and say sanctifies yourselves
26:55 against them are for this says the Lord
26:57 God of Israel there is an accursed thing
26:59 in the midst of the Oh Israel thou canst
27:02 not stand before thine enemies until you
27:04 take away the accursed that thing from
27:06 among you in the morning therefore you
27:08 shall be brought according to your
27:09 tribes it shall be that the tribe to
27:13 which the Lord had taken by lot shall
27:15 come according their families and the
27:17 families the Lord God shall shall take
27:19 seal come my households and the
27:21 household which the Lord God shall take
27:23 shall come by man man by man and it
27:26 shall be that he that has taken with the
27:27 accursed of things shall be burnt with
27:29 fire he and all that he had because he
27:31 had transgressed the coming of the Lord
27:33 and because he had wrought folly in
27:36 Israel and that's exactly what Joshua
27:38 did he brought the tribes the families
27:43 the household and man by man until akin
27:48 was identified and then in Joshua 7
27:51 verse 18 this is what it says Joshua
27:54 Joshua said unto akin my son give I pray
27:56 the glory to the Lord God of Israel and
27:59 make confession unto him and tell me now
28:01 what thou has done hide it not for me so
28:04 God had identified the man but God had
28:07 not specified what the problem was and
28:09 Joshua didn't know what the problem was
28:12 and they can answer Joshua and said
28:13 indeed I have sinned against the Lord
28:15 God of Israel and thus and thus have I done
28:16 done
28:18 twenty-one now listen exactly what
28:21 happened when I saw among the spoils a goodly
28:22 goodly
28:26 babylonish garment and two hundred
28:29 shekels of silver and a wedge of gold of
28:33 fifty shekels weight then I coveted them
28:39 and took them I saw them I lingered in
28:42 it had a lingering look on them
28:46 I long for them and I acted on it and
28:49 behold they are hid in the earth in the
28:53 midst of my tent and silver under it so
28:55 Joshua sent messengers and they ran in
28:58 under the tent and behold it was hid in
29:00 his tent and the silver under it and
29:02 they took them out of the midst of the
29:03 tent and brought them into Joshua and
29:05 all the children of Israel and laid them
29:07 out before the Lord and Joshua and all
29:10 Israel with him took akin the son of
29:13 Zera and the silver and the garment and
29:14 the wedge of gold and his sons and his
29:17 daughters and his oxen his asses and his
29:19 sheep and his tent and all but he had
29:21 and they brought them under the valley
29:25 of Achor and Joshua said why hast thou
29:28 troubled us the Lord shall trouble thee
29:30 this day and all Israel stoned him with
29:32 stones and burned them with fire
29:34 after they had stoned them with stones
29:37 and they raised up over him a great heap
29:40 of stones unto this day so the Lord
29:42 turned from the fiercest of his anger
29:44 wherefore the name of that place was
29:47 called the valley of Achor unto this day
29:51 the word a-kor there means hope because
29:53 of their repentance repentance because
29:57 of God purging this thing out of Israel
30:01 now you say that is pretty severe no
30:06 there were several people I found I
30:08 don't remember exactly but was hundreds
30:11 of men who died in that battle that was
30:13 lost because of God having to withhold
30:19 his blessing because of achan's sin now
30:22 just as a side note here there's one
30:24 person not mentioning all that and
30:26 that's Akins wife I don't know if she
30:30 was already dead or if somehow she had
30:34 taken a stand against akin and God
30:42 akin and all of his offspring and all of
30:44 his possessions were cut off and
30:47 destroyed so that no one can be tempted
30:51 to take them so in light of that and
30:54 also in light of the conclusion of this
30:56 lesson Ecclesiastes 5
30:59 10:11 says this he that loveth silver
31:03 shall not be satisfied with silver nor
31:05 he that loveth abundance with increase
31:09 this is also vanity when goods increase
31:11 they are increased that eat them and
31:14 what good is there to the owners thereof
31:16 saving the beholding of them with their
31:19 eyes so when he says when the goods
31:22 increase they are increased that eat
31:25 them I believe that actually not talking
31:29 about his family but all those that you
31:31 spend that money on all those that
31:33 expect you to give them money all those
31:36 that are demanding your money and this
31:38 opportunity of this business by this by
31:42 this mothers do this so that the only
31:45 thing left saving them to them is the
31:49 saving of beholding them with their eyes
31:53 so who possesses our possessions do we
31:56 possess them or they possess us they
32:00 possess us unless God possesses us so
32:03 that we are not bound to and possess by
32:09 our possessions so akin a it was a
32:11 moment it was a moment it was one look
32:13 he saw this garment he's there fighting
32:15 with the army of Israel there to feeding
32:19 these these people this army that was
32:22 against Israel and he saw it there among
32:26 the stuff was a goodly Babylonish
32:28 garment why do you think he couldn't
32:29 wear it everybody would know where he
32:34 got it an amount of silver and a wedge
32:37 of gold and he took it and hid it in the
32:41 heart of his tent in the ground in the
32:45 heart of his tent he thought he could
32:47 have the love of the world in him and
32:49 bury it and nobody wouldn't know it and
32:52 there would be no consequences from it
32:56 that's not so he
32:59 consequences affected all of Israel cost
33:03 people their lives and then it came back
33:07 upon his own head hear me please hear me
33:10 the lust of the eyes lead to the lust of
33:13 the flesh which lusts to the
33:18 self-sufficiency of our pride and that's
33:22 not of God so this world and the world's
33:24 going to pass away and be destroyed only
33:27 those who do the will of God and love
33:31 the father are going to be saved what's
33:34 your decision what's your choice in the
33:36 name of the Lord Jesus Christ I pray
33:40 again for the grace of God upon everyone
33:43 who's watched or is watching this video
33:47 and ever it's a lesson and everyone who
33:50 is including myself who was affected by
33:53 this word that God would empower us and
33:59 enable us to love him and not love this
34:03 woman God give us supernatural
34:11 empowerment of choice in Jesus name [Music]
Chrome Extension