0:02 Let's explore program threats and
0:04 understand security vulnerabilities in
0:06 operating systems. We will discuss
0:09 various forms of malicious software and
0:12 how they can affect your
0:14 computer. A Trojan horse is a type of
0:17 malicious code that appears legitimate
0:19 but performs undisclosed malicious
0:21 functions when executed potentially
0:24 compromising system security. It is
0:26 named after the ancient Greek story of
0:29 the Trojan War where soldiers hid inside
0:31 a wooden horse to enter the city of
0:33 Troy. Here are some key characteristics
0:36 of Trojan horses. They often disguise
0:39 themselves as legitimate software. They
0:42 require user activation to execute. They
0:46 cannot self-replicate like viruses. They
0:48 are often used to establish back doors
0:50 and they may steal sensitive information.
0:55 Let's explore the common types of Trojan
0:58 horses. First, we have back doors which
1:00 create unauthorized access points to
1:03 bypass normal authentication and gain
1:06 remote control of the system. Remote
1:08 access Trojans are examples of this.
1:11 Next is spyware which monitors user
1:12 activities and collects sensitive
1:15 information like keystrokes, browsing
1:18 history and login credentials. Key
1:20 loggers and screen recorders are
1:22 examples. Then there is banking trojans
1:24 that are specifically designed to steal
1:26 banking credentials and financial
1:29 information from infected systems. Zeus
1:33 and spy are examples of this. Ransomware
1:35 encrypts user files and demands payment
1:37 for the decryption key effectively
1:40 holding data hostage. Examples include
1:43 one a cry and ri short message service
1:47 or SMS. Trojans infect mobile devices to
1:49 send premium rate SMS messages,
1:52 generating revenue for attackers at user
1:54 expense. Fake instant op fake are
1:57 examples of this. Finally, there are
1:59 botn nets that turn infected computers
2:01 into zombies that can be remotely
2:03 controlled to perform distributed
2:08 attacks. Mia and emote are examples.
2:10 A computer virus is a type of malicious
2:12 software that when executed replicates
2:14 itself by modifying other computer
2:18 programs and inserting its own code.
2:20 When this replication succeeds, the
2:22 affected areas are then set to be
2:24 infected. Here are some key properties
2:28 of viruses. They have self-replication
2:30 capabilities. They have to attach to a
2:33 host file. They modify the code of the
2:36 host. Their execution is triggered by
2:39 some event. They use evasion techniques
2:42 to avoid detection. And finally, they
2:44 deliver their payload which is the
2:47 damaging part of the
2:49 virus. Let's examine the common types of
2:52 computer viruses. There are boot sector
2:54 viruses which infect the master boot
2:57 record of storage devices and activate
2:58 when the system boots before the
3:02 operating system loads. Michelangelo and
3:05 form are examples of this type of virus.
3:06 Then there are file infectors which
3:09 attach to executable files such as those
3:13 with the ex E or C OM extensions and
3:16 activate when the infected program runs.
3:19 An example is the CI or Chernobyl virus
3:22 or the Cascade virus. Multipartite
3:24 viruses combine boot sector and file
3:26 infection methods and can spread through
3:30 multiple vectors. Tequila and Flip are
3:32 examples. Polymorphic viruses change
3:34 their code structure with each infection
3:37 to evade detection by antivirus
3:39 software. Stealth viruses hide from
3:42 detection by intercepting system calls
3:43 and returning fake
3:46 information. Macroviruses are written in
3:48 macro languages embedded in documents
3:52 like Word or Excel files.
3:54 A computer worm is a standalone malware
3:57 program that replicates itself to spread
4:00 to other computers. Unlike viruses,
4:02 worms can propagate without any human
4:04 interaction, and do not need to attach
4:07 to an existing program. Key features of
4:10 worms include self-replication without a
4:13 host program, network-based propagation,
4:14 autonomous spreading without user
4:16 action, active scanning for
4:18 vulnerabilities, and the ability to
4:24 resources. Let's take a look at some
4:27 notable computer worms in history. In
4:30 1988, the Morris worm was one of the
4:32 first recognized worms on the internet.
4:34 Created by Robert Morris as an
4:37 experiment. It exploited vulnerabilities
4:41 in Unix send mail finger and RSH or Rex.
4:45 In 2001, Code Red targeted Microsoft II
4:47 web servers by exploiting a buffer overflow
4:48 overflow
4:51 vulnerability. It defaced websites and
4:53 launched distributed denial of service
4:57 attacks. In 2004, Sasser exploited a
4:58 vulnerability in the local security
5:02 authority subsystem service oral SAS in
5:04 Windows and was created by German
5:07 computer science student Sven Jaskan. In
5:10 2010, Stuckset was a sophisticated worm
5:12 targeting industrial control systems,
5:15 specifically Seaman's SCADS systems, and
5:16 is believed to have been created to
5:19 sabotage Iran's nuclear program. It was
5:21 the first known cyber weapon to cause
5:25 physical damage.
5:28 Malware, short for malicious software,
5:30 is any software intentionally designed
5:33 to cause damage to a computer, server,
5:35 client, or computer network. It can take
5:38 many forms and exploit various
5:40 vulnerabilities. Common types of malware
5:42 include key loggers, back doors,
5:46 ransomware, root kits, spyware, adwear,
5:48 bots, and crypto
5:51 miners. Let's delve into some advanced
5:53 malware types.
5:55 Root kits are malware that provide
5:57 privileged access to a computer while
5:59 actively hiding its presence. They often
6:02 modify system files or the kernel to
6:05 maintain stealth. Ransomware encrypts
6:06 the victim's files and demands payment
6:09 for the decryption key, often spreading
6:12 through fishing emails or exploiting
6:14 vulnerabilities. Examples of ransomware
6:17 include Wukry, Pedia, Riak, and Crypto
6:20 Locker. Crypto miners hijack computer
6:23 resources to mine cryptocurrency without
6:25 the user's consent and can be delivered
6:27 through compromised websites or
6:30 malicious downloads. Advanced persistent
6:32 threats are sophisticated targeted
6:34 attacks that focus on stealing data over
6:37 long periods of time and are often state
6:39 sponsored using multiple attack vectors
6:42 to maintain persistence. Examples
6:45 include Stuckset, Duku, Flame, and
6:48 Advanced Persistent Threat 29, also
6:50 known as Cozy
6:53 Bear. To defend against program threats,
6:56 employ these strategies. Use updated
6:59 antivirus and anti-malware software.
7:02 Keep operating systems and applications
7:04 patched. Implement strong access
7:06 controls and
7:08 authentication. Use firewalls and
7:11 intrusion detection systems. monitor
7:14 system behavior and network traffic,
7:16 maintain regular backups of critical
7:18 data, and train users on security
7:21 awareness and best
7:24 practices. If you like this video, hit
7:27 that like button and don't forget to
7:30 subscribe. Visit codelucky.com for more
7:32 such useful content. [Music]
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