0:03 now that we've discussed the main
0:05 concepts about migration let's discuss an
0:05 an
0:08 important form of migration urbanization
0:10 urbanization often arises through rural
0:12 urban migration
0:14 rural means the countryside and urban
0:15 means the city
0:17 as people migrate from the countryside
0:19 to the city an increasing proportion of
0:20 the inhabitants of a country live in a city
0:21 city
0:24 which is called urbanization in many
0:25 developed countries there was
0:27 urbanization since the 19th century
0:29 industrialization meant there was a lot
0:30 of work in factories in the city
0:32 while there was little work in the
0:34 countryside the high birth rate in rural
0:36 areas resulted in an abundance of workers
0:37 workers
0:39 and many people moved to the city the
0:41 urbanization level is the percentage of
0:43 residents living in the city and is therefore
0:44 therefore
0:46 increased sharply the urbanization speed
0:48 is the speed at which the degree of
0:50 urbanization is increasing
0:52 if a lot of people already live in a
0:54 city relatively few people will join
0:56 which means that the urbanization rate
0:59 drops at a high urbanization level the
1:01 decay of inner cities the increasing
1:02 number of affordable cars and
1:05 increasing prosperity made it possible
1:07 for the wealthy to live outside the city
1:09 and drive to the city for work every day
1:12 from the 1950s the process that people
1:14 move from the city to the areas around
1:17 it is called suburbanization
1:18 especially in american cities like los
1:20 angeles many neighborhoods were built
1:23 outside the city during this period
1:24 these neighborhoods are called the super
1:27 herbs because an enormous service was
1:29 needed to provide everyone with a house
1:31 with a garden we speak
1:33 of urban sprawl the city spreads over an
1:36 enormous surface
1:38 because the rich left the city the poor
1:40 remain in the city and more and more
1:41 people moved away
1:43 suburbanization became a self and
1:45 reinforcing process
1:47 from the 1980s there's a growing
1:48 interest in the city again
1:51 there is re-urbanization people are
1:53 moving back to the city because it has
1:54 been renovated
1:55 or because gentrification has made some
1:57 neighborhoods more attractive and
1:58 because people are moving
2:02 to the city for work study or leisure
2:03 this new migration to the city does have
2:06 consequences for the peripheral areas
2:08 such as in the netherlands in rural
2:10 municipalities in peripheral regions
2:12 young people move to the city for study
2:14 and work and stay there
2:17 the departure areas therefore lack young
2:18 workers who
2:20 also have children as a result these
2:22 areas are experiencing
2:25 an aging population companies are also
2:26 moving away
2:29 due to a shortage of suitable workers
2:31 this creates a self-reinforcing
2:32 situation of people
2:35 and companies who are leaving some
2:36 countries are
2:38 experiencing strong economic growth this
2:40 economic growth could be the consequence
2:42 of the development of special economic zones
2:43 zones
2:45 areas where companies can establish
2:46 themselves on favorable terms
2:49 such as tax breaks these special
2:50 economic zones
2:51 are mainly developed in cities along the
2:53 coast so that companies can easily
2:54 export goods
2:57 at the ports because economic growth is
3:00 still mainly noticeable in these regions
3:01 many people in these countries are
3:04 moving from rural areas to such cities
3:05 in search of work
3:08 this is how mega cities are created
3:10 overpopulation creates slums
3:12 at the least favorable locations near
3:13 such cities
3:15 the population density can then increase
3:18 enormously especially if many high-rise
3:19 apartment buildings are built
3:21 the population distribution in that
3:23 country is also changing
3:24 an increasing proportion of the
3:27 population will live in coastal areas
3:29 in short rural urban migration leads to
3:31 urbanization and this process has major
3:33 consequences for population density
3:35 population distribution
3:37 and economic opportunities in various areas
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