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Finishing up the Brain
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i want to finish up the brain so for the
break last time we
ended with a whole flurry of information right
right
about the loaves and all the parts
hello eunice and ricky right hey y'all welcome
welcome
and so we started going really fast and
i said okay and that is also an example
of mania
which is good when you feel like
someone's talking too fast there's all
this pressure in their speech and you
can't keep up
um so i wanted to talk a little bit
about the lobes this image shows
us the lobes uh so we have up here
over the frontal lobes that's the most
important important part
of uh what makes us human i guess
um what helps uh give us our personality
and our ability to have higher level thought
thought
phineas gage last time so uh how many
people in here have heard about phineas gage
gage
eunice do you want to tell us about it
all right so apparently he was working
yes and he's lost some of his uh partial
of his
he got what it was but something around
there yeah doesn't figure out what the
part was
yes so excellent job he was working on
celebrate uh kind of right
yes okay um he was working on the
railroad and he was trying to shove
basically gunpowder into a hole of
rock in order to blow up that rock so
they can build the railroad
so he put the gunpowder and then he got
a metal that steel rod that he's holding
in that picture that's actually him
and he used that to shove the gunpowder
in well somehow it ignited
and so gunpowder and a big steel rod it
turned into a massive bullet
and it went straight through his face
out the top of his head
this is his actual skull here it's now
in one of the uh smithsonian museums um
and you can see where it came out the top
top
you can see here that his eye got you
know all messed up but
the story goes that this happened and he
just kind of get walking around and went home
home
and everyone's like what what's
happening here and it wasn't until he
got home he called a doctor and he said
hey this bad thing happened can you
check me out and the doctor like didn't
really believe it because here he
was still up and functioning and running
and he seemed okay um
and the story goes that he the doctor
didn't believe it until
phineas coughed up basically a teacup-sized
teacup-sized
amount of brain something like that he
like coughed and all this stuff came out
um and so then i was like oh okay but
he was fine except his friends said
he was no longer gage he wasn't himself
anymore and we find that his
personality changed before he was
capable and efficient
and he was good at his job afterwards he
couldn't hold down a job he bounced from
one job to the nets and people described
him as
fitful and impatient and so he ended up
turning into kind of like a
sideshow act at a circus where he'd go
around and
show his metal rod and it's kind of a
sad story in the end he got
ended up having seizures and he died
from seizures
um i had written down his age but now
i'm not seeing
it it must have been on my other notes
he was uh oh there it is he was 25 when
it happened he died at 37 from those seizures
seizures
but this told us that hey different
areas of brain
are responsible for different things and
this front portion
has to do with that magic that makes us us
us
so we are talking about the front
frontal lobes
we don't want to mess that up you'll change
change
just about at the end last time maybe in
car accidents this gets damaged
uh the parietal loads remember parents
flicking us
here this one student said and you think
parade hopefully you just remember me
hitting myself in the head when you're
taking the exam
you're like parietal parents pain you
talked about how that has to do with
these sensory things
with pain with touch but also location
of body parts
um there's two things that i didn't
point out last time
um the somatosensory cortex is part of
the parietal lobe
it's that little strip right there in
front of the parietal lobe
and right in front of that strip is the
motor cortex which is part of the
frontal lobe
which is going to help you control that
voluntary movement we see the occipital
lobe in the back of the head remember
the saying
she's got eyes in the back of her head
that's how you can think about that
uh temporal is going to be above the
ears remember think about tempo
okay so there's a couple things i wanted
to mention
well one there's this myth that people
that uh
that we have like two different types of
people left-brained people and
right-brained people how many people
have heard this
how many identifies left brain
how many identifies right right brain
right brain is the creative
um let's see the creative type that's intuitive
intuitive
and free thinkers and all about big
pictures and they're interested in
qualitative things
whereas the left brain is going to be analytical
analytical
about details and logic um
all of that is a myth it's not true
it's not that you're a right brained
person or a left brain person
uh it's something again that we've
exaggerated because
different areas of the brain have
different functions it's the same thing as
as
uh what's his name uh what is the thing
with the lumps on the head phonology
he thought all this stuff said okay was
going to be uh friends joseph gaul
different things are going to be
different areas but it was all just
guesswork but he got the fact
right right that certain parts are
responsible for certain things
so while the left may be more of our
speech our grammar our verbal processing
and the right may be more spatial
perceptual visual recognition and emotion
emotion
if we study two different people one
who's creative and one who's analytical
their brains do not function differently
one doesn't use more so
more the right and the other doesn't use
more of the left so another myth remember
remember
uh y'all do we only use 10 of our brain
no that's a myth okay test question you
all got it okay
there's two parts of the brain i want to
go through that have to do with speech
production um so these are kind of the
important notes i put on here but i'm
going to go through it
we have different language centers of
the brain
the first is vernica's area it's going
to be in the temporal lobe
both language uh centers are in the left
side of the brain we saw that in the
last slide
vernica's area is in the temporal lobe
whereas broca's area
that you see here in purple is going to
be in the frontal lobe
how i was thinking about this how can
you remember that broca's is in the front
front
and vernicas is in the temporal does
i thought bro bros before
vernicus i was laughing so much as i say
this over and over again
bros before veritas
so bros is going to be broca's is going
to be in the front part
veronica's or some people say it
differently is going to be in the
uh temporal so it's in the temporal
it's the language comprehension center
it helps us develop
a plan for speech now what i find
interesting about this
is what about when somebody something
something's wrong
when somebody has a problem with language
language
with speech if they have a problem
in vernica's area their sentences are
going to come out like this
i called mother on the tv and did not
understand the door
i called mother on the tv and did not
understand the door it doesn't make any sense
sense
their plan for speech is messed up
it's technically word salad that's
remember what we said when we were
talking about schizophrenia and the sp
you know people who struggle with
schizophrenia and how they talk it comes
out as word cell it's incoherent
and the victim is generally unaware that
they're doing this
when it comes to like the speech being fluent
fluent
it is and the grammar is normal the
syntax is normal the rate is normal
so it sounds like they have no speech
problems but it doesn't have any meaning
what they're saying doesn't make sense
so that's vernica's area that's in the
temporal part now think about okay
temporal has to do with hearing all that
kind of stuff
broca's is right next to that motor
cortex i just talked about a second ago
the motor test remember in the frontal
lobe broca's is in the frontal lobe
this has to do with speech production so
think production actually moving your
mouth ink motor
think okay by the motor motor cortex in
the frontal lobe
if so this is about carrying out that
plan baronica creates the plan
broca's carries it out if you have a
problem in broca's area
say you have a broker's aphasia the
speech imp
impairment your sentences your sentences
are going to be super
simple cash train home
it's only just going to be verbs and
nouns really limited
sentences you struggle to carry out your plan
plan
and for these people it's incredibly frustrating
frustrating
if anyone struggles with this kind of
thing you have all this stuff you want
to say
it all makes sense but then you open
your mouth to get it out
and it's like slow and it's a struggle
and it's
difficult and it's incredibly
frustrating because it doesn't come out
quite right it doesn't sound normal
but there is meaning to it and people
with bro
areas in broca's problems in broca's
area can't understand speech of others
if it's simple once people start getting
more complex they have more and more difficulty
difficulty
but really for them it's the problem
with carrying out the plan not with
forming the plan
i think that those two areas are
interesting especially because there are
a lot of people
that struggle with speech problems i've
had a lot of students
who struggle with speech problems and i
know this one for
in particular is very frustrating
because they have so much they
understand and they want to say
but people judge them like they're not
intelligent or they don't have any thoughts
thoughts
but really they do they just can't get
it across and so for them it's
incredibly frustrating i've talked to parents
parents
of uh of uh students
that have this issue and they're like we
don't understand how she does
anything you know but her brain
processes everything different i guess
and somehow she succeeds
i'm like well she's thinking so much in
there it's just hard for her to get it out
out
i'm here if anyone needs anything thank
you so much you guys
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