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Primeira Guerra Mundial - Nostalgia História | Canal Nostalgia | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: Primeira Guerra Mundial - Nostalgia História
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Summary
Core Theme
This content provides a comprehensive and engaging overview of World War I, detailing its origins, key events, technological advancements, and lasting consequences, presented in a narrative style suitable for a general audience.
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Hello my friends! All right with you?
History is back!
One more Nostalgia History. Why? Because history is cool!
Yes, history is really nice, if you not understood yet, go and watch the Hitler's video!
That I think is one of the best of this channel.
Our Cold War video is also really good.
Our list of history videos is just amazing.
I recommend you take a look at our history playlist
and watch all the videos, Because they are really really good!
I always wanted to make a videos about the first war.
That why a like war? No! I don't like war.
War is wrong. Make love, not war!
But as we are covering war theme in the channel
I believe it is the right time to do this video.
But before we start, i would like to talk you you that watch Nostalgia in your phone.
When you enter the channel page, you'll notice it has a small bell
like a icon.
Click there and you'll get rich!
Just that, click there.
Despite my desire to make this video about first war,
you guys asked a lot in the comments session.
Only not exceeded requests for a video about World War II.
But is not possible to make a videos about the second war before made one about the first war.
In the end of this video you will understand why.
Another thing, to be more recent, everyone know a little how it happened WW II.
The Nazis things, and the bomb.
Most of people already has those facts on mind
Mostly due to the series and movies that always bring up this subject.
If I ask to you now to summarize the first war, are you be able to do it?
How many people can do it?
Unless you are a History teacher.
Like my dear history teacher, Caio Vinícios, that helped me do make this video.
Thank you so much for the consultancy.
Don't worry anymore! Now you going to know everything about the first WW.
The first war was a huge thing,
with several battlefronts, one of the deadliest conflicts in human history.
A war that had more than 70 million soldiers
and left about 15 million dead.
15 million, guys!
From beginning to end was epic. The people, the battle, the slaughter and the mistakes.
The war also changed the face of our planet,
with its trenches, tanks and aircrafts
and I believe the best way to understand the first war,
is not only be quoting places, names and dates.
I think it a bit boring
because were so many important battles and generals
if i say the name of everyone, you will listen and then will forget everything.
I prefer to explain in a different way
looking the countries as the main characters.
Before we dive right in the war of the trenches.
I need to understand how it began.
You may remember from school days.
that the first war began with the death of a boy
A guy called Francisco Ferdinando
This guy was heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire
and he was killed in Saravejo, Bosnia capital.
The names started, there is no way! in the beginning we have say.
But we need to contextualize the war.
Did was like that: Ferdinando had Exodia from Yugioh
They killed him, they get pissed off and started the war.
No! Not happened like this.
Was the war triggered by the murder?
Yes! You will soon understand why.
His death triggered the war because Europe was already a barrel of gunpowder about to explode since the XIX century.
Picture Europa.
'An european country'
Prepare your mind, lets imagine Europa because we are about to understand how the war began.
this is one of the coolest things
how it started.
It'll be on the test, then it is good to understand it!
Lets back in time, to 1871
more than 40 years before the war
The war started in 1914.
Did you get it? You already know the year!
1914, started the war.
That was not called first war, because they did not know that would have the second.
They called it: The Great War.
OK! Lets back to 1871.
1871!
1871 was the year that happened the German unification.
What we know has the second german empire
by the way, let me explain something, many countries in the war were empires
Ok! Not everybody was an empire
France was already a republic
But were a lot of empires around.
And those "countries" were empires not just because the fact of have kings or emperors
But mainly because they have colonies around the world
So, they were fucking strong nations!
The guys had the power! They were rock!
British conquests reach from Australia to Canada.
Those of France, from Indochina to Africa.
The Germany also has colonias
but want a bigger slice of the pie
I'll talk about these empires, but I'm going to say: countries, to be easy to understand.
For example: When I say Russia, it actually means Russian empire
because at that time it was still an empire.
Good! Understood? OK!
Now let's look to Germany.
Or rather to the German Empire.
In 1870 there was a war against France.
to make it easier to you follow I'm going to call my friend, the map!
Where it will be much easier to you understand how started this fucking war
Come here map! Look the map!
In 1870
there was a war France against Prussia.
it was one of the Germanic kingdoms in Europe.
By the way, one of the strongest.
This war over in the next year and France was defeated.
the French lost.
At this time, several small germanic kingdoms of central Europe.
They were already allies.
With this war, Prussia united all these kingdoms forming a German empire.
Of course, French that lost some territories in the war and had to pay a fortune in compensation
felt very humiliated
Before 1871 Prussia was a divided State.
crushing France, and attaching the provinces of Alsace-Lorraine
so it become the German Empire.
things started to get rough
and the relationship between these country that was no longer good
became more complicated after this.
Here comes an important information:
of all Europe's major powers
Germany was the one that had fewer colonies
and those they had were pretty half-assed
but Germany was becoming a great economic power
but politically, by the fact that few colonias,
They were weak
They needed new allies very much
To expand their political power
It was at that time that Germany created the League of the Three Emperors
allying with two other empires.
One of them everybody knows, that was the Russian Empire one of the biggest of all time.
The other one was called the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
This empire was very interesting
It was as a partnership between Austria and Hungary
And functioned as a single empire
ruled by Austria
But this alliance didn't last long
because Russia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire were already coming into conflict over the Balkans
a region in southeastern of Europa
that will be very important in a moment.
Don't forget the Balkans!
Russia got out there! breaking the alliance
just remaining the germans and the Austro-Hungarians
In 1882, our great friend Italy. Yes Italy! Who had just finished their unification,
realized it would be a good idea to join the alliance.
I'm going into this with my homies!
Was at that time that was born the triple alliance.
But on the other side.. remember the France?
Was upset to have lost that war that I mentioned. Did you guys remember?
So France was upset.
As Russia had coming out of the alliance with Germany
France started to flirt with Russia
saying things like: "looks how hot I'm! Look to my boobs!! Are you enjoying, Russia?"
So in 1882 France and Russia become allies.
To make worse
Do you know who entered in the fight?
The powerful England
In the beginning of the twenty century England empire entered in this brawl
these guys had colonies all over the world
basically was they who ruled the world
In 1904 the British made several agreements with France.
and 3 years later, with Russia.
These three countries form the so-called Triple Entente
this name 'Entente' is a french word, it means agreement.
With these two great military alliances, things started to get very tense in Europe.
The tension became more tense... Make sense? I don't know.
To make matters worse a little bit more
was going on an arms race
between German and England
They were at the time the largest economic powers in the world
and because of that, they began to reverberate in the neighborhood
That is, all Europe started to arm themselves
The arms race is very good for business
the great European powers are being prepared for the war.
Their uninterrupted military service prepares thousands of men for the war
And now we have to go to the Balkans.
the place that i told that would be very important for the beginning of the war
and which was for a long time ruled by the Ottoman Empire
this empire was very old!
Its heart is in what is now Turkey.
They have spread throughout the Middle East, north Africa and a piece of Europe.
but from the nineteenth century it fell into decay
and lost several territories
and the place they were more screwed, was in the Balkans
especially in Bosnia
The Bosnia belonged to the Ottoman Empire
But in 1878
After a war between russians and ottomans
it came under the Austro-Hungarian Empire control.
it was here that everything became a mess
Bosnia remained under the Ottomans control
but who administered the place were the Austro-Hungarians.
Very confusing?
The guys from the Austro-Hungarian empire also thought it was a mess
in 1908 they decided it would be easier attach Bosnia to their territory and fuck you.
Now all that shit is the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
If Europe was a barrel of gunpowder
the Balkans were the wick of that barrel.
Then it was only a matter of time for this barrel explode.
And when that happened, it would be terrible because everybody was armed to the teeth.
The British pays little attention to the black hole of Europe
known as the powder keg of the Balkans.
Two wars in the Balkans had left two hundred thousand dead.
In 1914 in Great Britain
these distant tragedy had been forgotten.
Now you already know what was the situation in Europe
at the beginning of Word War I.
On one hand we had the Triple Entente
and the other the Triple Alliance..
but you don't have to memorize these names
we gonna use other that several historians prefer.
and are simpler
whenever I talk about Triple Entente
Composed of Britain, France and Russia
I gonna use the term 'Allies'.
and when I'm referring to the central empires,
it mens I'm talking about Germany, Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire.
THE POWDER KEG EXPLODES
Now we finally arrived on June 28, 1914.
When the famous Franz Ferdinand
heir of Austro-Hungarian Empire
traveled to Bosnia with his wife.
It was the worst decision of his life.
the worst and also the last.
his because in the Balkans had a country called Serbia
and they were crazy to master that region
and wanted to see the Austro-Hungarians out of Bosnian.
and that was the trouble
because in the middle of the visit of Archduke
A student called Gavrilo Princip
drew his gun and shot killing Franz Ferdinand and his wife.
These are the last images of the couple
soon after leaving the building they are killed with a gun.
The killer, Gavrilo Princip is a 19 years old bosnian nationalist.
Clearly, he did so at the behest of the servants.
that even had conducted several terrorist attacks in Bosnian
this was the spark that the gunpowder barrel called Europe
needed to explode.
There began something called July Crisis
which were several political maneuvers that resulted in the largest war ever seen.
This July Crisis is something crazy
There were several allies in Europe.
When an ally goes to war, the other ally also automatically goes to war together.
Europa was falling apart in a week.
Look at the madness that it was.
Because of that murder the tension between the Austro-hunger Empire and Serbia
that already was big
grew to the point
that Austro-hunger Empire said:
You know what? It's War! Mother fucker!
I wanna fight you!
I wanna fuck you!
Austrian generals were looking for long time a excuse to subjugate the Serbs.
They can't prove that the country is responsible for the murders in Sarajevo.
But they can convince their emperor.
The largest head of the Austrian state declares: "We need to deliverest of the services
because they live biting the hells of the empire like snakes.
But Russia was allied to Serbia
we have one more to the fight.
that's when Russia joined the war and began to organize his troops to help
Germany realized and ordered Russia to stop this shit.
As the Russians not even answered
Germany declared war against Russia and France.
Because France was a Russia's ally.
Germany gave 12 hours to the Czar to suspend the military mobilization.
Then came the German ultimatum to France 18 hours to declare neutrality.
In case of German fight against Russia.
With the fortresses of Verdun under German hostages
France mobilized
the rest was formality.
On 3 August Germany went to war against France and Russia
allying with Austria and Hungary
what ended up being very exciting
to reach France, Germany had to go through Belgium
So they went there and invaded the country
As Belgium was a neutral country, the invasion made the British very pissed off.
In this moment British declared war against Germany.
And Italy? Italy was very smart and found a way to stay out of this mess.
When the war started Italy said that the alliance was a defensive agreement
As the Austro-Hungarians started the war, they would stay neutral.
But don't worry, we going to talk about our loved friend Italy
The output of Italy didn't make much difference
because immediately following, Germany made an alliance with the Ottoman Empire
Now it's everybody against everybody!
And the mess was not only in Europe!
At the beginning of the war took place several battles in Africa and in the Pacific.
where European countries had colonies
In Africa, french, britishs and belgians attacked German Colonies of Togo..
Cameroon
Tanganyika
Rwanda and Namibia
The aim
To extend their colonial empires
Get the raw materials for the war industry
In the beginning the Germans were beaten
In a few months they lost almost all their colonies in the Pacific
Even Japan, who had kept an eye on one of the german colonies
entered in the game and declared war against the central empires
In Asia, to honor its alliance with Great Britain
Japan fought the Germans from the beginning
The Japanese take the opportunity to use the German enclave in Indochina
The port of Tsingtao
Where there is a famous German brewery until this day.
Who also had an important participation were the armies of:
New zealand and australia
Who were on the side of England
India, which was also an English colony, also played a very important role
Nearly a million Indians fought alongside the allies during the four years of war.
But things got really nasty in Europa.
Here comes what we call the first phase of the war:
The Maneuver warfare
This is because between August and November of 1914
Many armies were moving through Europe
going towards the enemy.
Most of this movement was done by the German and Austro-Hungarian armies.
Germany wanted to defeat France quickly and then worry about the Russians
The Austro-Hungarians wanted to invade Syria and solve their war there.
But both get fucked up
The Austro-Hungarians thought they would enter in Servia easily
they would beat everyone
'Cool, We won our part! Lets help Germany!'
No.. That's not what happened.
They got beaten up by Serbia.
They even managed to invade Serbia
but they got beaten up by Serbia so hard that they have to evacuate
The Germans were crossing Belgium to reach France
This crossing, which in theory seems simple
Since Belgium was neutral
was something so bizarre!
so violent!
who became known as "rape of Belgium"
The germans painted the city red.
They burned buildings, killed thousands of civilians
it was insane!
it was a carnage!
Anyone that they believe to be a sniper is captured and executed.
Belgians, French and British accuse the Huns,
as they called their enemies,
of rape, cut off women's breasts and children's hands
If it was enough to have "raped Belgium"
when they arrived in France they also began to screwed up the French.
Who had to go back
However, the Russians began to invade the region of Prussia
on the other side of Germany
And for that reason, the Germans had to displace several armies that were fighting against the French
They even managed to prevent the advance of the Russians
in that part of Germany
but ended up weakened on the forehead against France.
This also happened by counting the help of the English armies
It was at this time that the great battles of World War I took place in September 1914.
colled of 'The First Battle of the Marne'
Marne! Mon français est très bon!
This was a battle with more than one million French and English soldiers
facing a million and a half Germans.
Dude, imagine two and a half million people killing each other.
It's a lot of people
This great battle lasted a week
And became known as the miracle of the Marne
because was at this moment that the Allies managed to stop the advances of the Germans
Which ended up receding 100 kilometers in territory.
The big German plan to conquer France quickly was not going to happen
Which also left for the fray was the Ottoman Empire
that, as I said, had allied with the Germans
and decided to fight the Russians in the Black Sea region
but, whats happened.. this fight against the Russians
did you know when? during the winter! in the mountains.
Obviously the Ottomans got screwed up.
First time the general winter comes into action
The Russians used to their winter of minus 40 degrees celsius
succeeded in containing the advances of the Ottomans.
The attack fails
defeated
The 70 thousand soldiers of the Turkish army
die of cold or are killed as they recede
Not a single Muslim
Neither in Russia, nor among their allies
stood up to the holy war
Guys, back to our map
Let's pay attention.
There had already been several battles going on in various places
however, the war was just beginning...
Europe No man's land
After the battles in the first month
The First War entered its second phase
Maneuver warfare
If before were various armies advancing against each other
Now it is completely different
because, especially in the region of France
the solders continuem to fight
But basically in the same place
in the same positions
No one conquering much territory
This happened because of something very famous in the First World War:
the trenches.
In wars that happened before
The battles happened with the infantry of both armies face to face,
one advancing towards the other
Always with support of cavalry and artillery
But it changed in the FWW
The soldiers dug line and line of holes in the ground,
that were the trenches.
They stood there defending that position
Among the various trenches on one side and the other
There was a place called no man's land.
Armies filled these places with mines and barbed wire
for the enemies do not advance by there.
Troops are massacred.
There is a funny story that happened in France in 1914.
In some places the trenches were so close to each other
That on Christmas Eve the soldiers made a truce
Some French, English and Germans
left the trenches and went to fraternize with the enemy
They exchanged gifts and even played soccer together.
Guys look how bizarre.
The famous Christmas truce is still seen today as one of the great examples of humanity of the 20th century.
If a lot of people died in no man's land
life inside the trenches was not easy,
because it was a rough thing
In fact, more people die in the trenches than outside
there were rats, lack of food
mold, disease
It was fucking cold
It was a morbid environment
it was terrible.
One of my men was bitten in the ear
other in the nose
When we are lying the rats run over us like cats
they devour everything we have
chocolates, Camembert cheese and even the stock of our rifles
The men hunt as they can
In just one hole killed 17 of them as little rabbits
In addition, trench warfare has given rise to something new...
one of the greatest atrocities of modern wars
I'm talking about chemical warfare.
The use of chemical weapons was prohibited internationally
but in the first war everyone ignores this.
fuck off, we're already at war.
Who started with this were the French who throw tear gas bombs in the trenches of the Germans
The first lethal gas, which was made from chlorine, was used by the Germans in 1915.
A cloud of chlorine gas killed five thousand of allies in minutes.
and disabled other five thousand
Some survived rushing from the gas cloud
Getting away at a distance of 4.8 km
Terrible thing
A man came as bluish as a sailor's uniform.
coughing a lot, expelling a thick secretion
and struggling a lot to breathe
a horrible way of death for a strong man.
Since I'm talking about it, it's cool to go until 1917
When one of the most tense things happened on the FWW
when the most famous chemical weapon of all wars emerged.
The famous mustard gas
The name looks harmless
you use mustard on your hot dog, what bad mustard can do right?
Ironically
It was effective not by the number of soldiers it killed, but by the number that it injured.
In 1918 the British had about twenty thousand men hospitalized
suffering from the effects of mustard gas.
If someone throw this shit near you
You'll be full of bubbles.
Your eyes will start to burn
you will throw up a lot
will have internal and external bleeding
and obvious, if you breathe too much this shit you will die.
Even soldiers wearing the most modern masks, are not safe.
It caused terrible bubbles
If it came in contact with the skin it was already starting to produce bubbles immediately
reaching even the bones.
Also affected mucosal areas
under the arms
and in the groin.
The victim suffered from conjunctivitis.
the eyes closed, many men could not see
but this was temporary
however incredibly scary for soldiers who did not know if they could see again.
If in the western front all were inside the trenches
around 1915
on the side of the Ottoman Empire
there the things are tough
First the Ottomans tried to conquer the suez channel
which is in Egypt and was defended by the English.
This channel has a very high strategic value.
Because it allows ships to sail from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean without having to circumvent Africa.
But this attack did not work because the English who were there in Egypt
resisted.
but the fight really started when the French and the English
started a campaign called Gallipoli
that had two goals
the first was to dominate the peninsula of Gallipoli
and the narrow Dardanelles
which was a gate to the Russia seas
The other goal was to conquer the capital of the Ottomans
which is the city of istanbul and at that time was called Constantinople
I've heard that name in documentaries!
Then does this was Constantinople? Yes!
In April 1915 several soldiers landed there.
and went to fight against the Ottomans.
Were more than four hundred thousand English and French soldiers
Facing more than three hundred thousand Ottoman soldiers
This lasted for several months.
Until in January of 1916
The Allied armies began to have huge losses
Were forced to leave there and retreat to Egypt
They had several fights going on around the world
Many people dying and much destruction
It was at this time that two countries looked at this whole mess,
and they said:
"Is fun this game, I'm going into this fight!"
Remembers that I said that Italy had chosen to stay out of this war
In 1915 several negotiations took place between the imperial powers
promising several territories to Italy
so Italy decided to go to war
on the side of the allies
Fellows, the Italians turned over
And they went to fight the Austro-Hungarians
Son of a bitch!
Italy enters the war in May 1915
Neutral at the start of the war
Nevertheless was an ally of Germany
British and French promise to the Italians recover the city of Trento and Trieste that still under Austrian control
Italians turned over
In the same year Bulgaria entered the war
Bulgaria is in the Balkans
And had a strategic position
First because it was like a corridor linking the Ottoman Empire to Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire
that is, they could send resources and soldiers from one place to another
And most importantly, it is stuck in Serbia
And the Serb that until that moment was holding the Austro-Hungarian invasion
got fucked up!
The Bulgarians who were mortal enemies of the Serbs
Marched into the country and that's it!
The war is over for Serbia
But there could have been another final for Serbia
Because the Allies tried to persuade the Greeks to join them in the protection of Serbia
But the Greek government was completely divided
Between which side to support the war
Even internal conflicts occurred for this reason
But when Greece finally joined the allies
And declared war on the central empires
The Serbian had already been defeated and there was nothing more to be done
Blood Everywhere
If you think that the entry of Italy on one side and the Bulgarian on another the teams were complete, calm down!
It fits more people there!
In 1916 the Romanian decided to enter the war
From the sides of the allies and began to attack the Austro-Hungarians
early the attacks were successful
But soon the central empires turned the game and began to win.
War in Romania lasted more than a year and gave enormous work to the Austro-Hungarians
Who lost many soldiers
Until the Romanian surrender at the end of 1917
we can not talk about other countries entering the war
without mentioning the Middle East
In this region several important battles took place
Such as the Caucasus campaign
Which had begun with the battles between Russia and Ottoman near the black sea
But close to the Ottoman Empire
The battles were more scattered
Had the Mesopotamian campaign where today is Iraq
The campaign of Persia where today I Iran
And the campaign of Sinai and Palestine
It is important to realize that in each of these conflicts the powers sought to bring these people to their side
And the most successful in this endeavor were the English
Has caused several Arab peoples to unite for the independence of the Ottomans
Which became known as the Arab revolt
It is important to remember a decisive English general: Tomas Edward Lawrence
The guy was so important to consolidate an alliance between the Arab peoples
Putting all these people against the central empires
Who became known as Lawrence of Arabia
Besides making all the political agreements with the Arabs
He also participated in several attacks against the central empires
It was something so important that the Ottomans offered a reward for the guy
But it did not work, Lawrence only died in 1935
Many years after the end of the war in England
But let's drop the Middle East and talk about it later.
And return to the fight between the French and the Germans
Remember the trenches, let's go back there.
because in 1916 the western front was the setting for one of the bloodiest battles of World War I
The Germans realized that staying in the trenches would not do anything, only more people died
Instead of conquering territory
They realized that the way was to massacre the French armies so that they would surrender
This plan had two levels
The first was at sea
Submarine attacking ships that had taken supplies to the allies
And the second was to attack the French with heavy artillery
But in a place where the French could not back down
The idea of cornering and massacring
The Germans chose as target the city of Verdun
I have several military strongholds and it was at a strategic point
Exactly on the way to Paris
at the beginning the plan of the Germans worked out they managed to win several military forts
But soon things were balanced and the French began to react
The military forts were captured on one side and then recaptured from the other
And all this happened on heavy artillery, toxic gas, a hell on earth which lasted ten months
The French used a strategy that became very famous
And that was decisive to win this battle
The strategy consisted in making a rotation of troops
The soldiers went and fought on the front
But after a while they retreated, returned to be able to rest
And other troops came in their place
Soon the Germans began to get tired
Meanwhile the French armies were rested
This has increased the confidence of the French
In December of this year the Germans were forced to retreat
After nearly 6 months of exhaustion and lack of ammunition caused the cease-fire
France lost 500,000 men
Germany 400,000
One of those responsible for the victory of the Allies was a dog
More than 50,000 animals were used during World War I
Mainly as Messengers
One of the great heroes of the Battle of Verdun
I was a dog called the Satan
Yes! Satan was a hero
The dog was from the french army
Satan crossed the Enemy Lines using a gas mask carrying a message saying where the Germans kept the weapons and ammunition
But when he was near the French
The Germans hit two shots on the dog
And broke their paws
But even so he managed to cross and reach the trench
For this reason the French discovered where the Germans kept weapons and ammunition and destroyed those places
Saving the lives of at least 10,000 French soldiers who were trapped by the Germans
This was Satan's story a hero dog, a hero on the side of the French of course
To the Germans It was Satan who screwed with them
But before that battle in Verdun, when the Germans were still planning to attack the French
The allies were also preparing to attack Germany
But this attack was elsewhere
In the region of the Somme River that is in the north of France
This battle happened in July, that is, at the same time of the Battle of verdun
it was even very close there
The allies started winning but the Germans resisted
Once again many people died on both sides
It was at this time that the Western Front changed
The Germans realized that their offensive power had ended
They realized that the most important thing was to keep the territories they had already conquered
A better strategy than trying to move further into France
since the main idea of them was to arrive at Paris and to dominate France
The Germans set up a line of defense just behind the Battle Front
Was known as the Hindenburg Line
To resist allied attacks
While these two battles took place
The Russians on the other side of Europe
Also launch a two-month offensive that greatly damaged the Austro-Hungarian armies
The army was destroyed they lost almost one million soldiers among the dead, wounded and captured
Many people say that was the Allies' most important victory in the war
When we cited the great battles of 1916
Verdun, The Battle of Somme
vous vous rendez compte que je parle français
Something that was very important in those battles
were airplanes
We got on the planes!
Even as World War I became very famous for using airplanes for the first time in a major conflict.
That Had Been Invented in the Beginning of the 20th Century
And had decisive participation in several battles
The first aircraft were only used in reconnaissance missions
With the pilots flying over enemy territory to find out where the troops were
In this period they even used balloons
With soldiers watching the movements of the other troops
It takes a lot of courage to get on those balloons
But it's a Vital work
Connected to the earth by telephone
Officers direct artillery fire
Protecting them becomes a priority.
But soon, the fights began to happen also in the sky
But in a very rough way
The plane that went on an enemy reconnaissance mission
Ended up meeting the enemy's plane
Each pilot pulled his pistol and tried to shoot the other. What a bizarre thing.
Sometimes they even took grenades to try to hit the enemy's plane
In 1915 the first aircraft designed for battles began to emerge
It is important to remember that in the first war there were not so many bombings
Who became very famous in World War II
Atomic bomb and others
these first aircraft was not able to carry bombs
They were too light and could only carry small bombs
Some bombings took place, but carried out by the huge German zeppelins
To overcome the impasse in the trenches
The Germans develop a devastating weapon
Take the war to the sky
Targeting the heart of Great Britain
Including civilians
The summer of 1915 was full of anxiety and fear
more attacks, more civilians killed and injured
The bombing campaign had a devastating psychological impact all over Great Britain
the first air strikes in history had begun
It was not until the end of the war that more advanced bombers emerged
Gotha was the fortress of the First World War
A long-range bomber with a crew of three
Carrying three machine guns
It carried fewer bombs than zeppelins
But with a maximum speed of 133 KM/H
Flew faster than the British interceptors
The bombing of civilians in the First World War
Was the turning point in the 20th century
Has placed, in addition to the Germans, the whole world on the road to attack civilian populations
In the first world war the main role of airplanes was recognition
And attack enemy infantry with machine guns
It was a support for the attack that happened on the ground
And also the battles of airplanes against airplanes
And in these battles came the most famous names of the First World War
You should not imagine, but when I say the name you will remember.
The german Manfred von Richthofen
also widely known as the Red Baron
The red baron is known with one of the best pilots in history
Were 80 victories in air combats
During the First War he became one of the greatest symbols of the German army
His image was used in propaganda for war
The Germans helped spread the myth of the Red Baron
Saying that the British had set up special squadrons to hunt the baron
Even the German government wanted him to stop flying
Because Red Baron was shot down this would be a blow to the Germans' confidence.
But he refused to stop flying.
Kept flying until he died of combat
On April 21, 1918
Already at the end of World War I
New Weapons New Countries
1917 was one of the most important years for the first war
Not only for war but for the entire 20th century
Because it was in that year that the Russian empire imploded
The Russians were experiencing an internal crisis a long time ago
Of course this would not end well
when the war broke out the Russian people suffered greatly
With enormous economic and social problems
This tension was growing Until in 1917 happened the Russian revolution
In Petrograd there have been riots
And police machine guns killed hundreds
The conflict spread to other cities
"What will I do?" The tsar asked his advisers.
The answer: you have to abdicate
Was what he did, and his dynasty died on March 16, 1917.
To destabilize his enemy Germany sent to Russia the revolutionary Vladimir Lenin
Coming from his exile in Zurich
From that moment, Lenin was launched in a fight for the leadership
And Russia began to abandon the war
You must be thinking with the exit of Russia Germany did well
Because now they did not have Russia to disrupt
Now they could attack with all their power the French and the British
Without Russia would be easier
But it was not like that
Russia left But do you know who came in?
USA!
The trembling French flag along the American flag
the Britannic flag and banners that say:
"Hell is too good for the hun"
At first the Americans wear campaign hats
But soon exchange for the efficient British helmet
But even so the boys are quickly recognized
They are fun and have friendly smiles
The French called them Sams referring to Uncle Sam
It is not too difficult to understand how the United States entered the war
And for that we need to talk about the fighting that happened at sea
We talked more about the land battles because the great conflicts of the War were with infantry
But war all happened on the seas
Remember when I said that an arms race was happening between Germany and England the two major powers
This is why technological advances have been made at sea
When the War began the Germans and the English had gigantic vessels
In addition to other smaller vessels
The fights took place in several Seas: like north sea, atlantic ocean, mediterranean sea and black sea
The first war had several small battles in the seas
But also had huge battles
For example in the battle of Jutland that happened in the sea of the north in 1916.
And throughout the war they developed new ships
In 1917 the English put, for the first time in history,
An aircraft carrier in the sea
Another important thing happened in the seas
Were the submarine attacks of the Germans
The Germans did not have enough boats to deal with the enormous British naval power
But Germany hoped its new submarines could face the British Navy
Even the great Battleships had only armor above the surface
Being vulnerable to submarine torpedoes
Which reached them below the waterline
This Submarine fighting is very cool, but what does this have to do with the United States?
When the War Began the Americans decided to stay neutral
This is very interesting, because with war the Allied countries
Would increasingly need to buy American products
In addition, the Americans lent a lot of money to the British and the French
The two countries owe the United States two billion dollars
This debt will never be paid if Germany wins the war
With its underwater and restricted warfare
If there was someone who was getting on very well with this war, that someone was the United States
Remembers that I said that one of the plans of the Germans was to cut the supply lines of the French
The key point of this plan was to prevent any ship from reaching allied countries
And with that the Germans ended up sunk 7 American marker ships
Which made the Americans very angry and made the US declare war on Germany
In 1917 he already had American soldiers in some battles
From 1918 the Americans began to land in the thousands in Europe
Do you know who else went into the war because of submarine attacks?
Brazil!!!!
our beloved country
Brazil was also neutral at the beginning of the war
But the Germans attacked a Brazilian freighter that was going to England full of coffee
Germany declared a naval blockade to its enemies on February 13, 1917
The Brazilian government protested with the Germans that it had no effect
After 2 months the first incident occurred with the sinking of the Parana ship
On the coast of the European continent that was loaded with coffee and cereals to france
Attacked by a German submarine, already as a reflection of this blockade imposed
When the news arrived in Brazil the repercussion was very bad
People began to protest in the street, asking for the country to enter in to the war.
People started attacking German shops and companies
the government cut ties with Germany
Who continued to attack Brazilian ships
In October 1917 Brazil declared war on the central empires
Look how bizarre.
Due to popular pressure in October 1917
The president of brazil ends up declaring war against germany
The participation of Brazil in the first war was very small
Because our armies did not have much preparation for this type of conflict.
We even sent doctors and military to europe
But there were few people.
The largest participation was of the Brazilian navy
Because some Brazilian ships were to help patrol the coast of europe
But something happened that we need to talk about.
Because it's history, we need to talk...
Happened in the Mediterranean sea, near the Strait of Gibraltar
In that place there were several attacks of German submarines
All were afraid of a new attack
In the middle of the night someone started yelling that he had seen a periscope of a submarine emerging from the water
They thought it was the Germans. "Run, let's all die!"
"How will I see the pelé play? fuck!"
Everyone took their weapons and started shooting at the sea
Die German!
Die motherfucker!
When they looked they realized that the sea was full of blood
It was not submarine, because submarine does not bleed
It was a bunch of porpoises
An animal similar to the dolphin
It was a slaughter committed by Brazilians.
They killed the little animals thinking they were the Germans
Look at the shame that Brazil has gone through.
This one became known with the battle of the porpoises
Let's talk about something important now.
Because by the end of 1917 the war was already quite different
specially regarding technology
Remembers that the war began in 1914
Three years have passed
I talked about the innovations of planes and ships, now I'm going to talk about ground innovations
The trenches forced more powerful new weapons to be created
Besides the chemical weapons happened several innovations of armaments, like the flamethrower
Used for the first time in the first war by the Germans
A terrible weapon appears on the battlefields
A modern launcher of one of man's first inventions
The flamethrowers were used for the first time in flanders
Was a weapon that both sides used to overcome the deadlock on the battlefield
there were also small armored vehicles with guns
overcoming lines of machine guns, bankers and defenses
For a much lower cost than that required by the infantry
The French invented even a super cannon
Which weighed more than 130 tons
it was transported by rails and diparva grenades of 700 kilos in up to 16 kilometers
700 kg??? Look at the power of this weapon!
Another breakthrough was communication between the troops.
It was at this time that the first wireless communications
Like those phones that soldiers carry on their backs and we see in several movies
That changed the face of war a lot
Because communication was faster
the armies did not have to come up with hundreds of men
Smaller troops began to emerge
Who communicated with each other
With about 10 or 12 soldiers
Which were much more agile and efficient
in 1917 the world met the most famous weapons of World War
And also one of the most important
The tanks of war
There began to add things so that they could cross the trenches
But finally in 1916 the English discovered a way to use the tanks in the trenches in France
With all this technological innovation
The armies finally succeeded in overcoming enemy defenses
And the war is no longer static
Next to that we had the entrance of the Americans in the war
Made the war finally begin to come to an end
Peace! At least for a while...
If in 1914 we had the maneuver warfare
and after the war positions
In 1918 we have the last phase of the First World War
It is called the Hundred Days Offensive
When the final attacks of the war took place
The Hundred Days Offensive
The Ottomans continued to lose to the British and the Arabs
Who supported the allies in the region
But in 1918 they gained a new enemy, the Armenians
When Russia came out of the war
The territories inhabited by Armenians founded a republic
Who also declared war on the Ottomans
And they had a reason for it
Since the beginning of the war the Ottomans committed several genocides
Against the peoples who lived in the regions of his empire
Yes, this also happened in the First World War
Several genocides occurred
And the Armenians suffered the most
The Armenian genocide was less than the holocaust
When millions of Jews were murdered
But during the first war it also had several concentration camps and mass murders
About 1.5 million Armenians were murdered by the Turks
One day they said they would give us food
But they all got behind a wall
Except women and children
And then they murdered everybody
Then the Turks began to torture and rape the women
Now we can understand why the Armenians declared war on the Ottomans at the first opportunity
In France, the war was also about to end.
But still much blood would be shed
The Germans knew that the only chance they had of escaping a defeat
Make a decisive attack before the Americans arrived in Europe in the thousands
Which arrived in an increasing number
From March 1918
The Germans began a series of attacks that became known as the spring offensive
In some they were victorious and made the Allies retreat
For the first time the war arrives near Paris
The Germans even managed to attack the city with airplanes and cannons
But this lasted very little
From May began to arrive more and more Americans
Was something around 300 thousand soldiers per month
And the war had a second turning point in the second battle of Marne
This battle began with a German attack
But the allies succeeded in overcoming the Germans with many soldiers and tanks
Was a key victory
It was at this moment that the allies realized that it was time to end the war
It was time for the final attack
And set out to fight with full power
started the Hundred Days Offensive
Were several short battles that occurred between August and November 1918
Many people died on both sides
The Germans were forced to retreat and lost almost all the territories they had at the beginning of the war
Meanwhile the Italians continued to attack what has left of the Austro-Hungarian empire
And was completely destroyed
This caused the whole empire to collapse
Several regions declared their independence
To get out of the war
The central empires had ended
Bulgaria was the first to surrender
Then it was one after another
Then the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires surrendered
Now I only Germany
At that time there was a mess inside the country
On account of the defeats there was a great crisis
There was no more understanding, and several revolts and revolutions began
The emperor was forced to flee to Holland
Then germany became a republic
This happened on November 9, 1918
After two days this new government surrendered to the allies
After four years the war was finally over
And the world would never be the same
No war ever changed the map of the planet as much as the first world war
The Russian empire ended during the war
Then the German, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires
New countries were created
Such as Poland, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia
After centuries the center of the world was no longer Europe
This role now belonged to the USA
Another consequence of the first war
Was the emergence of the League of Nations
Created by the Treaty of Versailles
It was a kind of UN predecessor
that was intended to prevent new war
As everyone knows, this idea did not work out very well
Since we had the second world war
Something that is funny
At the time of the First World War
it was called the war to end all wars
And it was exactly the opposite
Tensions between countries continued
and became even worse
We realize this even after 100 years
The most emblematic case that showed that the war did not solve anything
Can be analyzed looking at germany
The treaty of versailles was made by the countries that won the war
This treaty put all the blame on the Germans
Which destroyed Germany
Germany had to give up territory and pay a fortune to the allies
This is why the country went bankrupt in the 1920s.
Most of the Germans were left behind with the treaty of Versailles
Many said that the penalties were unfair and very humiliating
Who never accepted this defeat was the German army
When the surrender was agreed there were still several battles going on
It still had whole battalions inside France
And none of the Allied soldiers had ever set foot inside Germany
The German army told everyone that they had been betrayed by the new government
That there had never been a German defeat, that Germany never really surrendered
A person who thought like this was a soldier
Who had fought on the western front
As a messenger
Who after being injured with pepper gas at the end of the First World War
Started to get involved with politics
After 20 years this guy would show the world
The first war was not the war to end all wars
In fact, the first war was just the beginning of the Second World War
Which had as protagonists the soldier who was injured with pepper gas in the first world war
Fighting alongside the Germans
The time of crime
Most terrible against the German people
Two ethereal disturbances
And eternal sack of this eternal oppression
And we saw ourselves
in this moment
The life of every German
Sinks slowly more and more
Our people needed to suffer from inflation
Which stole the economy of thousands of people
Everything was instigated and achieved
And all responsibility
And the people who signed the treaty of 1918
This was Nostalgia about the First World War
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