YouTube Transcript:
Scientists: We’re Stuck in a Cosmic Void – And It Changes Everything!

now I don't want to Spook you but
there's a chance that our entire Milky
Way galaxy is located in the so-called
space void it's a region where there's
relatively little matter compared to
other corners of the known universe and
it's much less dense than it is
elsewhere in the universe in other words
we might exist in an air bubble in a
cake if that's true it would mean that
we're even loner than we thought
H in our universe all the galaxies are
constantly moving away from each other
in order to understand how far they move
away scientists use something called the
hubo latra constant it's like a
speedometer but for Galaxies however
there's a cosmic mystery called the
Hubble tension it's challenging what we
know about the universe's expansion
scientists used to consider the Hubble
lator constant a reliable guide but our
recent observations question this
reliability the speeds we see in real
life don't match up with the distances
we count calculated and expected they
aren't sure why these measurements don't
add up researchers followed the moves of
supernovas and saw that the Universe
seems to expand faster around us than it
does overall as if it's actively
avoiding us specifically H after
considering this they began to assume
that we might all live in a cosmic
void Cosmic voids are vast empty spaces
between galaxies kind of like between my
ears they make our entire world looked
like a big sponge now let's go back to
the beginning just a fraction of a
second after the big bang right after
the beginning of everything the universe
was a hot compressed plasma it only had
very tiny variations in density called
Quantum
fluctuations after the big bang the
universe began to expand those Quantum
fluctuations grew together with it
creating regions of varying matter
density because of that the Universe
didn't expand everywhere uniformly
instead little claps of matter began to
gather together over a long period of
time creating massive structures
galaxies galaxies are arranged in huge
walls and filaments with enormous gaps
in between and these gaps are voids also
known as dark
space now these voids aren't truly empty
in fact they actually hold more than 15%
of the amount of matter found on average
throughout the entire universe they
still contain gas dust dark matter and
even stars and galaxies however they
have less density than regions with
galaxies about a tenth of the average
matter density which is why we consider
them nearly empty usually they'll have a
diameter ranging from about 30 to 300
million light years that is an enormous
distance even on a space scale for
comparison most planets and nebulas we
found so far have a distance of hundreds
and rarely thousands of light years away
from us in the case of voids if you were
in the middle of one it would just look
like seemingly Eternal Darkness the
closest Stars would be so far away that
they would be almost invisible to
you some of them are especially large
they're known as super voids the largest
known one was creatively named giant
void ooh it's so big it's impossible for
us to even imagine 1.5 billion Lighty
years away with a diameter of 1 to 1.3
billion light years yeah it's basically
a big dark vacuum but even this giant
vacuum isn't entirely empty the giant
void houses 17 separate Galaxy clusters
within its expanse however it might not
be the biggest emptiness in our universe
there's this thing called the CMB cold
spot it's this unusually large and
chilly area of our universe that we saw
through the microwaves it really stood
out on the map of our universe I with
its unexpectedly low temperatures and
scientists have spent many years trying
to figure out what the thing is in 2015
scientist proposed that this place might
be a supervoid and probably the largest
one ever being even more original when
this one they called it the great void
if it's true this place would be an
emptiness of about 1.8 billion Lightyear
in diameter about a thousand times
larger than typical voids not everyone
thinks that's possible posible so
scientists keep arguing over this one
there's another interesting Theory going
about this place one researcher
suggested that this place might have
been a trace on our collision with a
parallel world it's a pretty bold
hypothesis but unfortunately there's no
way for us to confirm or deny it with
our current Technologies in any case as
the universe expands these voids will
grow and the walls connecting Galaxy
clusters will stretch and break
eventually the voids will merge leaving
gravitationally bound Galaxy clusters as
islands in the expanding emptiness in
other words soon or later the great
emptiness will consume everything in our
world so it turns out we might be a rare
occasion in a supervoid when of the 15%
of matter this would explain why we're
surrounded by relatively few galaxies
this discovery if true challenges the
standard model of cosmology which we
created with Albert Einstein's help it
would mean that gravity in general
behaves differently than what we
expected according to the standard model
such a significant under density
shouldn't exist because of that
scientists will have to explore and
consider this idea thoroughly it might
just challenge our very basic
understanding of physics the scientists
call this the local hole the discovery
of the local hole May hold Clues to
explaining the FY Paradox maybe in in
this specific part of the universe where
we hang out the chance of intelligent
life developing anywhere nearby is very
low perhaps all of the sensient beings
hang out somewhere beyond our
supervoid but that doesn't mean we
should lose hope or that life anywhere
nearby is impossible in fact life in the
universe might be much more common than
we previously thought we know that the
inner planets like Mercury and Venus are
inhospitable due to exe conditions
however Venus looks interesting because
even though it's a crazy toxic Planet
scientists believe that it was very
earthlike in the past it could have even
hosted life unfortunately it was too
close to the Sun and all the nice
conditions evaporated over time but
there's a possibility of microbial life
surviving in its high altitude clouds
Mars a cold desert also might have been
a friendlier place in the past with
rivers and lakes though now it lacks a
protective atmosphere ancient life might
have existed there in that case it would
leave potential fossils and underground
microbes could still survive we've
discovered some signs of them but are
still debating whether this stuff was
truly organic or not the gas giants like
Jupiter and Saturn and ice giants are
not ideal for life but their moons offer
hope Europa has an ocean beneath its icy
surface making it a potential hot spot
in cetus releases water into space
carrying complex molecules that hint at
interesting possibilities and Titan is
especially unique it has liquid bodies
on its surface rivers and laks of
hydrocarbons while its frigid
temperatures aren't great for life
scientists Ponder if it might host life
with a different kind of chemistry
however it will take us decades to check
all these celestial bodies and study
them properly we haven't sent anything
so far since the times of Voyager 2 but
if we're lucky we might explore our
solar system during the 21st
century we might explore our solar
system during the 21st
century in any case there's a lot of
potential for life even in our solar
system alone not even mentioning all the
planets and galaxies we found nearby our
estimates suggest that the observable
universe the one we can see might host
around 5.3 trillion habitable worlds one
of the most likely candidate so far is
Kepler 186f it's a potential earthlike
Planet just 10% larger than Earth this
planet orbits a red dwarf star which is
a star a bit dimmer colder but more long
living than our sign and it's only about
490 Lighty years away which may sound
like a lot but remember what distances
we've discussed with super voids so even
if we really are in the supervoid we're
still lucky to have many galaxies and
planets around and if one day we'll find
a way to travel through the universe
leaving the local hole probably wouldn't
be a
problem our vast universe is home to
phenomena such as star devouring black
holes rapidly rotating pulsars radiant
nebuli birthing stars and countless
galaxies yet it may not be endless there
could be a distinct Edge a cosmic
boundary let's embark on a journey to
that possible Frontier
visualize the universe as a massive
layered structure at its core is Earth
enveloped by our solar system which is
in turn housed inside a Galaxy within
this Grand
universe as we journey beyond our solar
system passing by the planets from Mars
to Neptune we encounter the heliosphere
here the solar winds velocity plunges
dramatically giving way to the near
stagnant wind at the
heliopause beyond the ship faces the
force of the Interstellar wind two
remarkable emissaries from Earth Voyager
1 and Voyager 2 now reside in this
region they revealed the heliosphere
uneven shape venturing further an
asteroid belt known as the ort Cloud
becomes visible believed by some
scientists to Source Earthbound comets
Beyond lies the expansive Milky Way
spanning Around 106,000 light years
guiding our journey is a cosmic map
identifying our our location in the
lanaka
supercluster however there's more at a
greater scale the Hydra Centaurus
supercluster emerges at the universe's
maximum observable scale a surprising
Revelation awaits evidence suggesting a
universe boundary this Edge located an
astounding 10 billion light years away
is a testament to time and
evolution during such a lengthy Voyage
our sun might wither or explode and the
way might merge with the Andromeda
galaxy our Endo is the aidonis supervoid
a vast empty stretch spanning a billion
light years this void might result from
an unfathomable Collision our universe
meeting another this leads to a
tantalizing notion of multiple universes
where every choice leads to alternate
outcomes in parallel
realities imagine our universe as a
bubble eons ago another bubble Universe
brushed against ours their gravitational
interplay caused Cosmic distortions as
they separated a piece of our universe
might have been taken leading to the
creation of the aidonis
supervoid aradena supervoid covers a
region of space about 1 billion light
years in size this makes it one of the
largest known voids in the universe the
superwave is associated with the
so-called cold spot in the cosmic
microwave background radio radiation the
temperature in this spot is lower than
the average temperature of the
background
radiation the exact origin and nature of
aridon supervoid is still a subject of
research this object provides scientists
with a unique opportunity to study the
structure and evolution of the Universe
on large scales yet perceiving the
universe's entirety remains a challenge
like an ant on a basketball we see a
consistent Horizon due to our 3D
viewpoint but adding Dimensions could
change our perceptions could black holes
with their powerful gravitational
influence offer a passage to these other
Realms the vast expanse of our universe
is filled with intriguing structures
Mysteries and phenomena that continually
challenge our understanding of the
cosmos the arinis supervoid with its
immense size and enigmatic nature stands
as a testament to the universe's
capacity to astonish and confound us and
for those intrigued by the enigmatic
nature of black holes we invite you to
explore more in our other videos dive
deep into the mysteries of these Cosmic
Giants and join us on a journey of
understanding and
[Music]
wonder the universe is believed to have
started around 14 billion years ago with
a big bang and as far as we know it
hasn't stopped EXP expanding since then
but if it's so the universe must have
started somewhere right and there has to
be the center of the universe somewhere
out there well experts claim there's no
center of the universe neither is there
any center of the expansion it's the
same everywhere you see it's wrong to
imagine the Big Bang as an ordinary
explosion and the universe does not
expand from the center outward instead
as far as We Know the universe is
expanding equally in all
places in
1929 Edwin Hubble said he had managed to
measure the speed of galaxies that were
located at different distances from
Earth he discovered that the farther
they were the faster they were moving
away from us does it mean we are at the
center of the expanding
Universe unlikely it just means that the
universe is expanding at the same rate
everywhere and wherever you are it will
seem to you that you're at the center of
the
universe now about that big bang if you
watched a regular explosion in slowmo
you'd see material expanding out from a
central point right after the explosion
the center Remains the hottest point
later a spherical shell of material
starts growing moving away from the
center of the
explosion the process continues until
gravity stops this expansion but the big
bang was nothing like that it was an
explosion of space not an explosion in
space according to the most common
theory there was no before to speak of
no space and no time it means that the
Big Bang was very different from
anything we're used to and doesn't have
any Central Point even if we had been
able to observe it in real life we
wouldn't have seen an expanding edge
with empty space beyond
it the only thing we can detect now now
is a faint background glow it was left
by the hot primordial gases that existed
in the early
Universe this is called cosmic
background radiation and it's uniform in
all directions it can mean only one
thing it's not matter moving outward
from one point but space itself
expanding evenly at the same time the
idea that the universe is expanding
uniformly in all directions doesn't rule
out the possibility that somewhere out
there there's a denser and hotter place
that might be called the center of the
universe but as far as we can see
there's no sign of such a special point
the theory that the Universe should be
uniform is known as the cosmological
principle it appeared in
1933 not so long before that some
scientists believe that the Universe
only consisted of our home Galaxy if
this was the case we could definitely
consider the center of the Milky Way to
be the center of the
universe but in 1924 Hubble put an end
to that debate he showed there were
other galaxies besides our own but in
any case how we see the universe is
limited by the speed of light and the
finite time since the Big Bang occurred
even though the observable part of the
universe is very large it's likely tiny
in comparison to the entire universe
which may be infinite the universe might
have many shapes with or without an
identifiable Center and if it turned out
to have a center outside of the
observable universe this point or region
of space could be just one of many it
could be just like the center of our
galaxy which was considered to be the
center of the universe
before you're traveling through deep
space circling stars and entire
galaxies looks like this multicolored
neula will soon collapse under its own
weight and explode like a supernova now
let's carefully Circle this black hole
try not to get caught in its
gravitational field or it'll swallow you
like a space monster H wait what's that
strange structure right there it's a
glowing wall and if you look closely
each glowing dot is an entire galaxy
that wall has about 100,000 of these
galaxies the Milky Way has 100 billion
stars so this wall holds a quadrillion
that's 10 followed by 15 zeros of stars
just like our sun this giant structure
is called the South Pole wall it's
located about 500 million Lighty years
from Earth by comparison the closest
star to our home is Proxima centuri and
it's about 4.2 light years away Rockets
can cover that distance in about 73,000
years so the journey to the South Pole
wall may take longer than our solar
system exists and this wall is simply
gigantic even on a cosmic scale it's
about 1.37 billion light years long to
give you an idea of how large that is
the Milky Way is only 100,000 light
years wide but you can't see this wall
even with the most powerful telescope
the problem is that the Milky Way itself
obstructs your view it's so bright that
it's hiding this wall it's like trying
to look at the Starry Sky in a
metropolis the light pollution won't let
you do that scientists have been able to
detect this Galactic wall by measuring
red shift we know that all objects in
the universe are moving they spread out
from each other as a result of the Big
Bang which happened billions of years
ago and when galaxies move their light
waves change slightly by measuring this
change we can understand what the object
is and how it moves and this wall isn't
even the largest in our universe this is
the Hercules Corona Borealis Great Wall
it's a giant flat superstructure about
10 billion Lighty years wide that's
around 10% of the entire observable
universe and it's also a wall that is a
cluster of galaxies we were able to
detect this giant structure by gamma ray
bursts it's the brightest
electromagnetic event in the universe
you could even see it in the far reaches
of our universe such bursts are a very
rare event in the Milky Way for example
it happens once every few million years
if we notice many such bursts in a short
time from the same place it means that
there are many objects like the Milky
Way in that place so there are a lot of
galaxies out there another unusual giant
structure in the universe is the huge
large quazar group it's about 4 billion
light years across so it takes a photon
of light almost as long as our planet
has existed just to get from one side of
the structure to the other and if you
put the huge large quazar group on the
scale it would be 6.1 billion billion
times heavier than our sun scientists
have found that there are at least 73
quazars in that structure these are some
of the most unusual objects in the
universe they are the active cores of
galaxies at the center of a quazar is a
super massive black hole this giant eats
up the matter around it a wild force of
gravity twists the matter around the
black hole forming a disc and this disc
is the source of the strongest radiation
out there by comparison the radiation
from a single quazar is tens or 100 of
times stronger than that of all the
stars in our galaxy put together because
of such strong radiation we can detect
quazars even at very long distances
that's why they're also called beacons
of the universe scientists use quazars
to study the universe and the movement
within it one of the most distant
quazars from us is about 13.1 billion
light years away this makes it one of
the oldest objects in the universe it
appeared about 690 million years after
the big bang and it's almost three times
older than our solar system it's still
glowing with extreme brightness about 4
and 14 zeros times brighter than the sun
scientists explain that at the center of
the giant is a super massive black hole
800 million times heavier than the sun
all these giant structures are just
building blocks of our universe look
this is our solar system now zoom out a
little and this is where our home star
is in the Milky Way Galaxy zoom out
again here's a local group of galaxies
all the bright spots here are galaxies
here's Andromeda and here's the
triangulum Galaxy plus a few dozen other
slightly smaller galaxies they're all
gravitationally connected the size of
this structure is about 10 million
Lighty years that's 100 times the width
of our galaxy zoom out please this one
is the Virgo super cluster it's 20 times
larger than the local group there are
about 30,000 different galaxies and the
mass of the whole thing is about 1 in 15
Zer solar masses zoom out again layak
Kia this structure is almost three times
larger it includes the Virgo super
cluster and other smaller clusters and
there are about 100,000 galaxies here
huh it's not over yet zoom out one more
time here's the Pisces cetus
supercluster complex this giant Galactic
structure contains about 60 clusters of
galaxies so there are more galaxies in
it than grains of sand in the desert you
know what to do zoom out phew this is
the observable universe there are over
500 billion galaxies and the Stars well
there are about 1 billion trillion Stars
the observable universe has its own
structure clusters of galaxies form
chains and walls as you've seen before
but these strands are separated by huge
regions of absolute emptiness these
areas are called voids in these places
there is no matter at all there are
fewer molecules in the voids than in an
empty room one of these voids has a very
mystical reputation it's the aridness
supervoid or the cold spot it appeared
here only 38,000 years after the big
bang it's almost 1 billion Lighty years
wide and could hold hundreds or
thousands of galaxies with trillions of
stars some scientists believe that this
cold spot may have been the result of
the large lest Collision ever a
collision of universes there's a theory
that our universe is some kind of bubble
a huge sphere that contains all these
walls and chains of galaxies now imagine
that there's an infinite number of these
bubbles they could be parallel worlds or
different universes many years ago one
bubble came close to the bubble of our
universe their walls touched and the two
universes connected for a while it's
like two drops of water coming together
but that Universe kept moving the area
where the bubbles joined became thinner
and thinner until that connection broke
and the two bubbles detached from each
other at this point the second Universe
ripped some of the material out of our
bubble all those galaxies that used to
fill the aridis supervoid ended up in a
parallel universe scientists supposed we
might travel through other bubbles
flying to the supposed wall of our
universe would take forever and then it
would take even longer to fly through
inter univ IAL space so we have to use
portals or wormholes here's how it works
imagine a piece of paper with point a on
one side and point B on the other
instead of moving all the way across the
sheet of paper we just fold the sheet so
that point a is right above point B all
that's left to do is make a small hole
and the journey takes only moments some
scientists believe that such shortcuts
through universes lie inside black holes
but how do you survive falling into a
black hole you just have to pick one
that's big enough it's all about gravity
imagine you're falling into a black hole
right now the closer you get to it the
stronger effect it has on you it
intensifies with every inch at one point
the gravitational force that affects
your head is much stronger than the one
that affects your feet then you turn
into spaghetti yum but if you choose a
super massive black hole like the ones
at the centers of galaxies the
gravitational force in them increases
gradually they can be millions of times
heavier than the Sun and much bigger but
the gravitational force on your head and
your feet will be almost equal and you
will still feel comfortable who knows
maybe if you manage to survive a fall
into such a massive black hole you'd
find yourself in a completely different
Universe where different laws of physics
apply but so far this is just a
[Music]
theory there are probably 36 other
civilizations hanging out in the Milky
Way and over 170 billion galaxies give
or take in the observable universe
conditions for life are all over space
so where is
everybody nuclear physicist enrio fery
came up with this exact same question
during a lunch break with his colleagues
in 1950 leading to one of the most
unsettling paradoxes in the
universe even though there's a huge prob
ability of extraterrestrial
civilizations existing we still haven't
found any clear evidence of
them when possible explanation comes
from the zoo
hypothesis it suggests that advanced
extraterrestrial socities exist and know
exactly who we are and where we are but
intentionally choose to stay hidden
they're just observing human quirky
behaviors as if we're in some kind of a
cosmic Wildlife Park
but their intentions could be much
darker If You're a Star Trek fan you
probably remember the main rule for
Federation members Starfleet officers
shouldn't contact species that are not
Advanced to avoid messing with their
development even if it means risking
their own lives now even though it's
fiction this rule perfectly captures
what the zoo hypothesis is all about
beings from other corners of the
universe see our planet as a cosmic zoo
with one-way bars they can watch us
brushing our teeth in the morning or
walking our dog but we can't catch a
glimpse of
them in this Theory non-terrestrial life
forms deliberately keep their distance
from us sticking to a hands-off policy
agreement in the vast Cosmic
neighborhood it's like those super smart
beings agreed that we needed to have the
freedom to shape our own future and
Destiny following in our own path of
development without external
contamination the idea is that these
super Advanced civilizations could be
like oh I don't know 500 million years
ahead of us which would explain why we
haven't seen any signs of them and maybe
it's better this way as humans could
eventually be destroyed or even
assimilated by this new cosmic power
Independence Day
style as much as things like going to an
art museum might be interesting to us
extraterrestrials probably wouldn't be
too thrilled watching us stare at the
Mona Lisa painting for
hours interplanetary cultures might be
more into buying tickets to quietly
observe how we're developing new
technologies such as ultramodern
satellites according to the zoo Theory
they can't reach out to us until we hit
a certain level of development so
improving our technology and wisdom
could be the only way to show them that
we're mature enough and don't need their
spaceship parenting
anymore there are a couple of reasons
why it's hard to buy into the zoo
hypothesis I mean okay extraterrestrials
might not visit or reach out because
we're not all that advanced but it is
tough to explain why they keep ignoring
all our attempts to communicate even if
the zookeepers try their best not to
interfere with animals lives and
behaviors I bet they couldn't just
ignore a bear speaking in loud and clear
English about its desire to communicate
so that's pretty much why humans keep
trying and trying to provoke some
reaction from inhabitants of other
planets using radio
signals in 2017 in a Valley 8 Mi
southeast of the Norwegian city of truma
a radar antenna transmitted some
specially composed electronic music to
potential Intergalactic listeners the
target audience was in GJ 273 also known
as light and star it's a runty red dwarf
located 12 light years from our Solar
System since radio waves travel at the
speed of light we'll have to wait more
than two decades before looking for a
reply but the main problem with radio
ways is that we're kind of in the dark
about where to look and civilizations
might be as far as 177,000 light years
away plus we don't know which radio
frequency extraterrestrials use to chat
now here on Earth we use the radio
spectrum to send signals into the
universe assuming that what works for us
might be a common method for other
civilizations but in fact it could be
considered a somewhat old school
technique for other beings that's why
current projects are now looking for
techno signatures which are signs of
technological activity from
extraterrestrials like City Lights solar
panels Mega structures or artificial
satellites
another potential clue is to study the
atmospheres of planets orbiting nearby
stars as an advanced civilization might
be altering its atmosphere with
different gases making it detectable
despite Decades of observations there is
still no definitive evidence that
advanced extraterrestrial civilizations
are out there but that doesn't mean they
don't
exist even by expanding search Fields
we're talking about odds much Slimmer
than hitting the jackpot with with a
roughly 1 in three billion chance of
finding an advanced civilization within
a given distance from
Earth maybe space creatures are
responding to our communication attempts
but in a way that we can't understand
the universe has been around for more
than 133 billion years while humans
showed up just 200,000 years ago and
this is about
0.01% of the universe's age it's like
we're still learning to talk while other
super smart beings might be sending us
messages that are all Lost in
Translation we keep waiting for a giant
UFO to land on Earth and for green ETS
with huge eyes to come out of it but we
forget that our Intergalactic neighbors
could be more interesting in building
Nano Technologies to watch over us they
could also be trying to communicate
using neutrinos which are subatomic
particles with an extremely small mass
that could effortlessly pass through our
planet without being detected by our
current technological iCal
devices now the zoo hypothesis has
another issue it is pretty tough to
believe that with all these
civilizations supposedly hanging out in
the universe they would all decide not
to reach out to
humans for this to happen there would
have to be a great sense of structure
with a higher intelligence working as
the head of the universe giving them
direct orders and clear rules to keep us
isolated but we're talking about
billions of possibili ities for life
right more civilizations mean that there
are more chances of a violation of this
no contact
rule so most likely at least one
independent Planet would be just as
desperate to find life in the universe
as we are some scientists also believe
that if such Advanced life had
substantially colonized Earth and many
other planets we would know it by
now the zoo hypothesis has two other
variations that are even more
frightening in the laboratory hypothesis
nobody contacts us because humankind is
actually being subjected to experiments
and Earth is essentially a giant science
lab other worldly creatures could be
analyzing human responses to various
survival challenges such as tsunamis or
massive
earthquakes in this case the no contact
agreement between all other space groups
would make a bit more sense
since it's in the name of scientific
research for the greater good at least
for
them the planetarium hypothesis proposed
in 2001 suggests that we are living in
an artificial Universe in some kind of
virtual reality designed to give us the
illusion that the universe is empty when
it's not but no possible generator could
test this
hypothesis besides the zoo the
laboratory and the planetarium theories
there is another possible answer to the
fmy Paradox nobody contacts us because
humans are completely alone in the
universe this is known as the rare earth
hypothesis and it emphasizes how Earth
occupies an incredibly unique position
no other planet could bring life to the
universe that could be more than just
bacteria we may consider ourselves
pretty lucky as even a small change in
any of Earth's orbital parameters like
the distance from the Earth to the Sun
or the rate of rotation could make
conditions too extreme for people or
life in
general but again it's hard to think
that we are alone in this vast universe
so we're back to the Paradox where is
everybody the universe is expanding and
if it's expanding then it probably had a
beginning somewhere now all we have to
do is to run time backward and see where
the beginning was it took the scientists
many more years to come up with a
full-fledged Theory The Big Bang Theory
and here it is nothing has ever been
anywhere because neither when nor where
existed but actually
no there was one thing it was the
so-called Cosmic Singularity a state of
our universe in which it was incredibly
small dense and very very hot imagine if
our universe was compressed into a small
ball the pressure and temperature in
side would be enormous at some point it
became impossible to withstand them and
here comes the Big Bang it was an
outburst of energy and matter that
created everything we see now time and
space basic physical
forces it also scattered quarks
everywhere these quarks tiny particles
that make up our world were all boiling
in an incredibly hot Cosmic broth when
it cooled down gravity began to attract
them to each other they gathered into
atoms
then molecules and then into the first
objects in the world
stars but what was before that Alan
Harvey goth an American theoretical
physicist and cosmologist has devoted
his whole life to solving this mystery
after learning about the Big Bang Theory
Guth found some flaws in it for example
the distribution of matter was very even
although it shouldn't have been if we
drop the balloon filled with paint down
it will burst will'll see absolute Chaos
on the canvas but the early Universe
don't looked like the early Universe was
very even and proportional that was
guth's Discovery the theory of inflation
here's what it says even before the Big
Bang there was some kind of force that
could give the bang a strong
acceleration something that was able to
distribute everything in space instantly
and evenly Martin booval is a German
professor of physics and in his opinion
the universe was born quite differently
according to Martin's Theory The
Singularity couldn't just appear out of
nowhere let's look at a pendulum on the
Old Clock the pendulum rotates back and
forth its movement is smooth continuous
and non-stop this is how we usually see
time it flows and never stops but
Quantum time doesn't work that way it
consists of small segments and makes
short pauses just like with the second
hand of a clock the beginning of one
segment of time is always the end of
another according to the Big Bang Theory
Once Upon a Time our universe began to
expand inflate like a
balloon but sooner or later it will blow
away back the universe will start
shrinking and return to the state of
cosmic Singularity and then Big Bang too
nothing appears out of nowhere and
disappears into nowhere
according to boal's Theory the beginning
of each universe is the end of the
previous one our universe is not at all
the first and not the last millions of
similar universes existed before us and
will exist after us this Theory although
it sounds very logical is far from
complete so for now all this is just a
hypothesis but some people come up with
even stranger ideas Neil Turok a South
African physicist and his colleague Paul
steinhardt an American theoretical
physicist they say that yes our universe
isn't the first one our universe is just
one of an infinite number of others and
all of us are stuck in a cycle of
endless rebirths of parallel worlds
according to this Theory our universe is
located inside a so-called brain as in
membrane in other words we're stuck in
some kind of elastic surface that's
capable of Contracting stretching
oscillating and so on like pieces of
fabric on a rope another universe may be
an inch from ours but we can't see it
that's because there's a tiny space
between us and this tiny space contains
the fourth dimension how do these
universes originate through brain
Collision these brains are getting
closer to each other very very slowly
until they finally Collide their
Collision creates two big bangs and two
parallel
universes then they're moving away from
each other the cre created worlds
continue to live we're currently at this
stage remember the inflation Theory
there was a mysterious energy that
pushed and accelerated the Big Bang well
if we did Collide With Another Universe
that would explain everything which idea
is closer to you how about the idea of
subscribing
subscribe there are a lot of unanswered
questions in physics how did Universal
energy and matter appear where did
Gravity come from and much more we've
been trying for years to get answers to
these questions and one of the people
who tried to do this was paramahamsa
toari the author of the so-called space
Vortex Theory what is this Theory and
what does it say about the hidden laws
of our universe let's figure it
out Pama Hamza tiwari was the former
executive director of the nuclear power
Corporation India he took the space
Vortex Theory or SVT for short first
proposed by Renee deart and finalized it
he was always inspired by physics and
its greates even since his days as an
electrical engineering student after
rigorous studies of the laws of physics
he discovered new equations defining
matter and the mass and charge of the
electron after that he came up with the
SVT this Theory tried to explain the
unexplained phenomena in physics
including the creation of the electron
and gravitational electrostatic and
electromagnetic energy Fields as well as
other things it also described the six
hidden laws of the universe that underly
our entire world but first of all let's
talk about the theory
itself space Vortex Theory suggests that
the universe is made up of vortices or
swirling patterns of energy and
according to SVT these vortices are the
fundamental building blocks of the
universe they're the driving force
behind the laws of physics and the
fundamental principles of our world
basically everything in the universe is
connected and interconnected through
these
vortices this Theory isn't very based on
any real observations but rather on
mathematical models and computational
modeling for example some computational
models showed how these vortices work in
hydrodynamics and plasma physics they
showed that vortices in such systems can
have a central point of Attraction and
can be
interconnected other models were used to
study how the energies inside the
vortices move and how they can create
different frequencies and
vibrations but some experts have
criticized SVT for using only models and
simulations the biggest criticism is
that this Theory can't actually be
tested it relies on mathematics and not
on some experimental data that's why
it's not accepted as a mainstream
scientific theory but it's still quite
interesting and provides a unique
perspective on the universe and our
understanding of the laws of physics for
example according to SVT the universe
has some underlying hidden rules that
cause the creation of fundamental matter
their assembly and movement what are
these laws and what do they say well
let's take a look at
them law one the universe has only one
primordial entity space I.E absolute
vacuum that structures matter this law
states that space is the fundamental
building block of the universe and that
it's responsible for structuring matter
it suggests that space is the
fundamental entity that creates and
maintains the structure of matter and
that all matter in the universe is made
up of the same fundamental particles
like electrons and
positrons let's try to put it in simple
words imagine that the universe is like
a big Lego set just like how all the
Lego bricks are made up of the same
basic building blocks the universe is
made up of the same fundamental building
blocks too and these blocks are called
electrons and
positrons but what holds these blocks
together space of course space gives it
shape and structure just like how the
plastic container holds all the Lego
bricks together in a set so the first
law states that space is the fundamental
building block that structures matter
and holds everything together in the
universe law two matter is constituted
with multiples of only one kind of
fundamental particles electrons and
positrons this law states that all
matter in the universe is made up of the
same fundamental particles the electron
and positron these two are the Lego
blocks we've talked about before and
according to the second law these tiny
invisible particles make up everything
from a tiny atom to a giant Galaxy just
like no matter what the shape or size
our Lego build is it's still made up of
the same building
blocks law three the field distribution
in space as recognized by contemporary
physics linked with and emanating from
matter are effects arising from only one
fundamental field in space this law
states that the fields recognized by
contemporary physics such as the
electromagnetic and gravitational fields
are effects arising from a single
fundamental field in space it suggests
that this fundamental field is
responsible for creating everything that
we observe in the universe so let's try
to put it simply this time imagine that
the universe is like a big playground
all the different fields we observe such
as the gravitational and electromagnetic
fields are like different games we play
in there but no matter what we play
we're still in one fundamental space
this is the playground itself it's the
base that holds everything together
according to the Third Law Without The
Playground we wouldn't be able to play
any games and without this fundamental
field in space we wouldn't be able to
observe any fields in the
universe law four there is no void in
space anywhere in the whole universe
except at the centers of the fundamental
particles of matter electrons and
positrons this law states that there's
no truly empty space in the universe and
that all space is filled with the
fundamental field the one we talked
about
before it says that electrons and
positrons can be found everywhere and
even the things we consider to be empty
like vacuum are actually full of tiny
particles and according to this law the
only truly empty spaces we can find in
the universe are at the centers of the
fundamental particles electrons and
positrons law five from only one
fundamental Universal constant all the
constants considered universal in
contemporary physics are
derivable this law states that all the
constants considered universal in
contemporary physics can be derived from
a single fundamental Universal constant
it suggests that all the constants in
physics are interconnected and can be
explained by a single fundamental
principle I know you've been doing a lot
of imagining lately but bear with
me this time please imagine the universe
as a big recipe all the constants in
physics such as the speed of light the
gravitational constant and the plank
constant are like the ingredients
they're very different and there are
tons of them but just like how all the
ingredients in a recipe are
interconnected and come together to make
one dish all the constants in physics
come together to make the
universe and just like how a recipe has
a main ingredient that holds everything
together physics also has a single
fundamental constant that holds
everything
together law six the spatial structure
of sub microcosmic fundamental matter is
repetitive uniformly in the spatial
structures of macrocosmic bodies like
planets stars and
galaxies this law states that the
structure of the fundamental particles
that make up matter is repetitive and
uniform across all scales from subatomic
particles to macrocosmic bodies like
planets stars and galaxies it suggests
that the same fundamental principles
govern the structure of matter at all
scales let's go back to the analogy with
the recipes and cooking using different
ingredients and combining them in
different ways the chef can create new
dishes these will all be different
different dishes and they can be very
simple or very complex but when creating
them the chef still applies the same
basic rules and knowledge they have
right and just like that the Universe
also creates different structures from
atoms to planets stars and
galaxies but it still uses the same
fundamental principles to create all
these things so this law suggests that
the structure of the fundamental
particles that make up matter is
repetitive and uniform across all scales
these are the six fundamental laws of
the universe according to the SVT and
even though it's not accepted by
mainstream science it's still a pretty
interesting
[Music]
concept look at these two pictures at
first glance one might think well aren't
they showing the exact same thing truth
is they don't but both these subjects
are some of the most complex structures
humans have ever had the chance to study
the first image shows a cluster of
galaxies from our universe the second is
just a small neuron in the human brain
after seeing these images some were
quick to compare them is the universe
nothing more than a huge
brain now let's not get too excited
before we go into describing all the
similarities between the universe and
the human brain there is something we
need to be aware of it's a little thing
called aania and it's it's when our
brains make up similarities between two
objects that are seriously unrelated the
best example is when we look at clouds
and start to see all sorts of cute
animals and weirdly shaped objects we
might be doing the same thing when
looking at those two initial pictures
maybe it's just our brain making up
similarities where there aren't
any some scientists became fascinated
with this huge brain Universe idea they
wanted to make sure it was not just a
weird coincidence
there had to be a way they could measure
How the Universe compares to the mushy
organ inside our heads so they started
with the brain it's probably one of the
most complicated things we know in the
whole universe that's because it's
packed with more than 80 billion neurons
these cells are responsible for taking
information from our senses and sending
out messages all over our body try to
think of neurons as workers in a factory
they don't just do their work they
actually communicate with each other
thanks to these elements called axons
and dendrites the axons are responsible
for carrying electrical signals away
from the neuron's body to other neurons
or muscles dendrites on the other hand
have the task of receiving that
information all of them together make
this Mega network of about 100 trillion
connections the universe is one big
social network itself too but this time
it's made up of galaxies you might
picture the universe as stars and
planets with a ton of empty space
between them it's not quite right what
we can see and measure is known as the
observable universe and it's really vast
think about 90 billion Lighty years
across containing hundreds of billions
to maybe a few trillion of galaxies
these galaxies like the one we're
standing in at this very moment are
bundled together in groups our Milky Way
is friends in a way with galaxies like
Andromeda and triangulum and altogether
they're a family called the local group
this family of galaxies is part of an
even bigger Bunch called the Virgo super
cluster from what we can tell the space
between them might not be empty it's
filled with these threads made up of
regular matter but there might also be
this mysterious Dark Matter doing its
thing scientists didn't stop there they
decided to take it a bit further they
started by examining thin slices of the
human cortex the part responsible for
our thoughts memories and even our
Consciousness The Next Step was to
compare them with equally thin slices of
the Universe from a computer simulation
now it's obvious there's this enormous
size difference between the brain and
the universe but the way they looked at
it kind of made them somewhat comparable
as they zoomed in think 40 times
magnification these scientists began
noticing that the structures were very
much alike at this Zoom the brain's
neural network looked like the
universe's Galaxy
clusters to make sure they weren't just
imagining things they used two clever
methods the first one looked at how
these networks connected and how densely
packed they were they noticed that the
middle part of a neuron or its nucleus
is way tinier compared to its connecting
fragments likewise Galaxy clusters are
tiny when you look at the super long
connecting thread between them the
second method was about checking how
organized these networks were versus
just being random they looked at how
everything was structured around each
connection Point whether it was a neuron
in the brain or a Galaxy cluster in the
universe the resemblance doesn't stop
there we know that our brain is mostly
water about 70% to be precise now the
cosmic web in space it too has about 70%
of something only this time it's dark
energy water and Dark Energy may not be
the most important elements in each of
their structures but they might still
play a part in how everything sets up
the analogy continues you see the space
we' need on a computer to map out the
universe is almost the same as our
brain's memory storage somewhere in the
ballpark of 2.5 pedabytes so
theoretically a chunk of the universe
could fit in our brains or flip that and
our entire life's memories could get
stored in the universe's Network there
are differences too and we have to be
aware of them to make sure we're
assessing things properly for starters
the universe is pretty much the same all
over it doesn't change its composition
that much regardless of where you travel
in the observable area but our brain not
so much different parts have different
jobs also our brain connections send
information depending on things like
what you're seeing or touching on the
flip side the universe's links are Just
Energy there's also a difference between
how these two structures came to be it
turns out that the patterns we see when
we're gazing up at the stars are all
shaped by gravity and some weird unseen
Force called Dark Matter massive
fireworks in space called Supernova can
also affect this Cosmic wallpaper on the
opposite side of the spectrum our brains
got their shape From Evolution
that long process where animals
including us get to pass on the best
features and data they've learned to
their offspring so if a trait like a
certain shape of the brain helped our
ancestors Dodge a hungry tiger that
trait got passed down our brains are
also built the way they are because
they're supposed to act like a super
highway for our thoughts quick thinking
was crucial for people back in the day
when they needed shelter from wild
animals or the
elements now especially if you're you're
a fan of sci-fi literature you might be
wondering if the universe is like this
immense brain what might its body look
like we might as well be living in
someone else's head we like to think of
humans as evolved intelligent and at
times hard to understand creatures but
what if we're just tiny neurons in a
larger more complex
structure well for the time being we can
only let our imaginations run wild
there's no way we can test at this point
what's outside our universe by all means
we don't even know how large It Is by
looking at the parts we can see the
estimations are that the universe is
about 95 billion light years in diameter
even if we'd somehow manag to travel at
the speed of light though that seems a
bit impossible at the moment too it
would take an enormous amount of time to
reach those supposed edges of the
universe there's also the theory of the
Multiverse we don't have much tangible
proof of this idea either but it does
claim we live in a universe out of many
ours has time and space other worlds may
have different rules and components life
may look differently out there in ways
we can't even
understand having a better understanding
of the universe is just as important as
figuring out our brains you see we still
have many Unsolved Mysteries right here
under our noses or behind our noses to
be more precise there are a lot of
things we've yet to figure out about the
human brain like how we store and
retrieve memories we know that each time
we learn some new piece of information
our brain changes but we don't have the
entire process mapped out and it looks
like it might take a while before we
fully understand
it imagine the universe as a gigantic
elastic balloon that's steadily being
inflated that's what Dark Energy seems
to be doing forcing galaxies further
apart could this Force lead to the end
of the universe some scientists do think
so and they've named this potential
event the Big
Rip it's challenging to study Dark
Energy even though it's one of the most
fascinating aspects of our Cosmos that's
because it's only visible effect is this
gentle stretching of space on any
smaller scale it's virtually
undetectable compared to Dark Energy
studying Dark Matter feels like a walk
in the park even though it's just as
invis I Dark Matter leaves clear
evidence of its existence it latches
onto galaxies and Galaxy clusters
bending light and altering gravity dark
energy on the flip side just expands
nonetheless scientists have found ways
to examine it mostly by observing the
universe's expansion as WE peer into the
distance we are in fact peering back in
time tracing the universe's
Evolution Dark Energy could also bring
about about the end of the universe in a
massive catastrophic event imagine
watching helplessly as reality itself
tears apart with no hope of Escape
frighteningly it's not some far-fetched
scenario the available data does not
eliminate the possibility of a big rip
is dark energy a force that keeps
inflating the universe or is it more
like a
separator if two galaxies are far away
from each other they're driven further
apart leading to increasing Cosmic
isolation but anything that's already a
strong structure stays intact immune to
this divisive
Force why doesn't it mess things up you
ask well it's because Dark Energy
remains consistent as space grows bigger
the density of dark energy remains
steady imagine drawing a circle anywhere
in space taking note of the amount of
dark energy there do it again after a
billion years and guess what the the
amount of dark energy inside your circle
won't change even though space itself
has
expanded that is unless of course dark
energy has a trick up its sleeve and
proves to be more potent than a
cosmological constant all we know for
sure is that it's something that drives
the universe to expand more rapidly or
to put it another way it creates
negative pressure now negative pressure
might sound odd pressure is usually seen
as an outward Force right but in the
universe it behaves differently pressure
is a type of energy like mass that
attracts rather than repels all these
calculations are what makes the Big Rip
picture a slow unraveling movie the
first objects affected are the most
massive Loosely bound structures like
giant clusters of galaxies their
gravitational pull will start weakening
causing them to drift away into the
growing Cosmic voids next we notice
stars on the outskirts of our galaxy not
following their usual paths but instead
drifting away like party guests saying
their goodbyes the night sky would then
start to dim as our Milky Way would
gradually
evaporate the disaster would just
Accelerate from there the orbits of the
planet would begin to shift spiraling
outward just months before the end after
we've lost the outer planets Earth would
drift away from the Sun and the Moon
from Earth we would plunge into the
darkness
alone the Stillness of Solitude won't
last however any remaining structure
would be destroyed because of the
expanding space the Earth's atmosphere
would start to thin gravitational shifts
would cause chaotic tectonic movements
in the final hours Earth would fall
apart Beyond this point the destruction
would continue unseen nuclei the ultra
dense cores within atoms would
disintegrate next black holes dense
cores would get obliterated in the last
instance space itself would just r rip
apart bad as it may sound we may never
rule out the threat of a big rip however
it might takes so long that all Cosmic
structures will have decayed before it
happens a rough calculation suggests the
earliest big rip could be in about 200
billion years technically the sun still
has about 5 billion years before it
fades away naturally so by the time this
event might happen our solar system
would have long been gone nonetheless
give us the possible implications
scientists are placing a high priority
on understanding the big RIT let's be
optimistic though I mean if we look at
the universe's history we should
consider ourselves lucky we're in what
cosmologists refer to as the lumeris era
it means that right now the universe is
still pretty busy producing new stars
and we know how important these
celestial bodies are for maintaining
Life as we know it however the Golden
Age of star formation was about 10
billion years ago ever since that Peak
the rate of creating new stars has been
on the decline now why is the universe
taking this early retirement it's not
because it's lazy or tired in fact it's
exactly because we're living in this
expanding
Universe for a new star to appear a
bunch of matter needs to be squeezed
into a relatively small space it's like
trying to stuff all your clothes into a
very very small suitcase as the Universe
expands the matter is getting spread out
leading to less and less room in that
suitcase for creating new
stars the big freeze another theory
related to the end of the universe looks
at this scenario Stars will become IND
dangered and then extinct species this
period of star decline is what
astronomers like to call the degenerate
era it's estimated to start about 100
trillion years into the future what'll
be left in the night sky at at that
point only the hardened workers of the
universe white dwarfs neutron stars and
black holes white dwarfs and neutron
stars the remnants of medium and large
stars that have exhausted their nuclear
fuel will eventually cool off and
transform into black dwars these black
dwarfs are like invisible Cosmic Spirits
just hanging around without doing much
inert and unseen other neutron stars too
heavy for their own Good Will stumble
under their weight and collapse into
black holes further into the future the
universe will become a black holes only
party but even these Cosmic weirdos
can't cheat time forever black holes can
fade away too in fact this idea of
fading black holes came from a brilliant
mind you might have heard of Steven
Hawking he suggested that black holes
slowly shed energy in the form of
radiation until they shrivel up like
raisins and evaporate
completely eventually every single black
hole will have evaporated will be left
with a universe in its Twilight years
settling into its final age aptly named
the dark era at this point both light
and matter will be nothing but Distant
Memories and then well nothing if this
big freeze theory is correct the
universe will just remain in a quiet
dark State stretching into an eternity
where nothing else ever
happens most of these theories seem to
rely on the fact that the universe is is
expanding but what exactly is it
expanding into we can't help but wonder
if there's something else beyond our
universe right now this question is one
for which physics doesn't quite have an
answer for we don't have enough
facts one suggestion is that time and
space came to be with the big bang that
happened around 14 billion years ago so
logically there's nothing beyond the
universe however a huge chunk of the
universe is way out of our sight
existing beyond the part we can observe
which is about 90 billion Lighty years
in diameter because everything's pretty
much the same wherever you look in the
universe we can presume that the bits we
can't see would look pretty much like
the parts we can but that's just an
assumption now if the universe is
infinite there's nothing Beyond it right
I mean that's just what infinite means
on the other hand if it's finite and
growing you'd start to wonder if there's
a boundary or an edge like a un ival
Cliff that separates our universe from
whatever is beyond it it gets even more
complicated when you realize the
universe has at least four dimensions
three for space and one for time and
it's pretty much impossible for us to
picture what that might look
like now when we say the word Universe
we're already picturing this vast space
filled with stars planets and comets
truth is most of us find it hard to
actually picture how large the universe
is well try to think of space as the
biggest playground you've ever seen
right now our space playground goes on
for 46 billion light years it wasn't
always like that on that note you've
surely heard of The Big Bang Theory
let's try to unpack it imagine the whole
wide universe every Star Planet down to
the smallest particle squished into a
tiny super hot ball the size of let's
say an apple from that point on we've
got a pretty neat road map of how things
unfolded in the cosmos dive even deeper
into the universe's past and things
start to get a bit blurry the energies
and temperatures rise and suddenly our
rule book of physics doesn't make sense
anymore when we reach these Early Times
gravity that force that keeps our feet
on the ground starts acting all
mysterious this is where we bump into
the great puzzle of our time Quant quum
gravity and here's the honest truth we
still got some homework to do on that
one what made the Big Bang go pop in the
first place well it's kind of like
asking what happened before the first
page of a book there's no page zero or
at least that's the answer that quantum
physics provides it tells us that there
are events in the universe that just you
know happen it's not because we're not
looking where we should it's just how
the universe works or at least that's
our current understanding of it right
after the blast everything was just a
bubbly mix of gas like this soda can
that just got open this gas which was
mainly helium and hydrogen began to
stretch out and cool
down if we could time travel to those
times we'd see a younger hotter and
Cozier Universe cool telescopes like the
Hubble and James web let us Peak into
those ancient times and what we see is
fascinating earlier galaxies were like
the cute photos of the Universe when it
was younger tinier less heavy and not as
evolved as they are now over billions of
years the universe stretched out like a
soap bubble imagine countless shiny
marbles inside it representing stars and
galaxies as the bubble grew bigger the
marble spread out today inside our
bubble we have trillions of galaxies for
every single Galaxy we can spot there
are tons more we haven't seen yet some
are too tiny others are are too far away
we still can't see them even if we use
the fanciest telescopes
available just to paint you a better
picture know that today our very own
Milky Way is home to around 400 billion
stars similar to the sun it was a lot
different in the past though our galaxy
began its Journey like a little bundle
of stuff just a tad denser than most
things in space A lot of it was actually
made of Dark Matter our closest star
friend named Proxima centuri is 4.2 ly
years away to put that in Earthly terms
it's like taking a road trip around our
planet millions of times it's also about
the same age as the sun if we could have
looked at the exact spot about 5 billion
years ago it wouldn't have been there at
all many stars live together in groups
kind of like families however most are
Solo adventurers experiencing the
vastness on their own when you zoom out
from our Milky Way and Peak into the
larger universe it's more well empty
like a vast piece of Countryside between
big cities in our Cosmic area we've got
some cool neighbors the Andromeda galaxy
for instance is just to stroll away in
Cosmic terms at 2.5 million light years
and there are lots of smaller galaxies
too like the triangulum Galaxy and the
large melenic Cloud our local hangout
spot which includes all these G galaxies
spans about 3 million light years as we
explore further galaxies seem to gather
in clusters like suburbs connecting
these clusters are threads of galaxies
creating a giant web in the
universe galaxies are clustered this way
because just like magnets they love to
pull stuff towards them if we could turn
back time we'd see a different picture
that's because throughout history the
popular galaxies with lots of stuff
became even bigger while the less
popular ones gave their items away from
Earth we can only see objects that are
46 billion Lighty years away at the most
if we put all this space into a giant
box its volume would be unimaginably
huge the main reason our universe is
such a grand spectacle today is that
it's been growing non-stop every year
its size increases a little more in fact
the universe is expanding faster than
the speed of life
sure we can't feel it down here on Earth
but there are clear signs in the
universe that it's happening we're still
not sure why the universe behaves like
that but scientists are working hard to
figure out this mysterious expansion our
understanding of the universe has
changed a lot over the years too back in
the day when our world had more trees
than buildings people from all corners
of the Earth would gaze up at a
twinkling sky above for many the sky was
their road map alarm clock and spiritual
connection point now imagine not having
a smartphone or a compass and still
being able to find your way home or
knowing when to plant your crops that's
because our ancestors had the sky they
knew when it was time to take care of
plants navigate ships or celebrate
special occasions all by watching the
stars and planets long ago people in
Babylon spotted some stars that behaved
a little weirdly these Stars seem to
have a mind of their own obviously we
know now that they weren't stars at all
they were planets like Venus and Mars
that sometimes wink at us down here
there was also a time when we beli the
Earth was flat well at least some people
did before Greeks in the 6th Century BCE
figured out that it's round they even
managed to guess its size by watching
shadows in different places they were
pretty close with their estimations
especially if you take into
consideration their limited tools now
speaking of our planet there was also a
time when humankind believed the Earth
to be the center of the universe we also
believed everything else was just
spinning around it that was until a man
named cernus did a bit of research and
figured out it was actually the sun
coordinating all the movement in our
system and soon after other thinkers and
stargazers joined in on the fun changing
how we perceive the universe using new
tools speaking speaking of tools thanks
to a telescope Galileo found out that
Jupiter had massive moons tagging along
we call them the Galilean moons today in
his
honor but the universe kept tossing
surprises our way some people started
cataloging Stars clusters and nebula
While others found mysterious rays that
our eyes can't see and just when we
thought we had it all figured out Edwin
Hubble not the telescope but the man
behind the name discovered something
amazing too he realized that other
galaxies are in fact moving further away
from us these days we're looking at the
universe in a different way we know how
the timeline works now we know that our
time here on Earth is limited no wonder
astronomers are eagerly scouting through
the vastness of space looking for
planets similar to ours there is no
other planet that can safely accommodate
us in our solar system but we can use
our neighboring planets and satellites
for science ific purposes take Mars for
instance in the following decades NASA
is planning to send all sorts of devices
and even people up there if the
experiment proves to be successful we
might end up living there for a while or
at least use it as a pit stop for our
next exciting
destination we've never sneaked a peak
Beyond the Edge of the observable
universe what lies there if we managed
to get there would we find another
Universe what if the universe we live in
in is just one of billions of trillions
of other universes I'm talking about the
concept of a Multiverse now look there's
this idea of parallel universes let's
take one of them it looks exactly the
same as our universe and still some
details differ maybe instead of becoming
a doctor you chose to start a music band
there maybe one Infamous asteroid
changed its trajectory and Dinos are
still roaming Earth in that universe but
the Multiverse Theory takes it all one
step further those who believe in it
state that there might be countless
realities according to this Theory we
live in a bubble that is just one of
many other bubbles which I guess looks
like bath foam these bubbles constantly
bob up and
vanish multiverses are described by a
few scientific theories which mention
various possible scenarios from separate
universes that keep springing into
existence all the time to regions of
space that are in different planes than
our home universe but there's one thing
these theories agree upon all of them
suggest that the space and time we
observe is not the only reality you see
it's impossible to explain all the
quirks of our universe if it's the only
one to exist so it's either inventing
newer theories that can throw light on
certain properties of our universe or
accepting the fact that we're living in
just one of many many universes all of
which are different one of the most
widely known Multiverse theories is
called inflationary cosmology this is
the idea that right after the big bang
the universe expanded rapidly and
exponentially indeed Cosmic inflation
does explain lots of the properties of
the universe we observe for example the
distribution of galaxies when this
theory was suggested for the first time
it was perceived as a piece of Science
Fiction but it can indeed explain tons
of interesting features of the world we
live in so with time people started
taking it seriously now the theory
states that inflation might happen again
and again maybe even infinitely and this
could create constellations of bubble
universes of course none of these
bubbles will have the same properties as
ours there may easily be places where
physics as we know it doesn't exist but
even though some of these universes
might look like ours they all lie Beyond
The Realm we can observe directly
another theory called the many worlds
interpretation claims that there might
be multiple branching timelines or
alternative realities and in each of
those real ities our decisions play out
differently which also means very
different outcomes at the same time the
only reality you can perceive is the one
where you live if it's true then the
question is where are all those other
universes well they most likely all
overlap in Dimensions we absolutely
can't access and at the moment it's not
possible to travel between universes but
who knows maybe a few thousand years
later people will not only find a way to
prove that parallel universes exist but
also o invent a method to hop from one
of them to another unfortunately so far
there's no solid evidence that
multiverses exist all the proof we've
got today is purely theoretical some
experts even argue that it could be an
unbelievable Cosmic coincidence that the
Big Bang created such a perfectly
balanced universe as ours or if parallel
universes do exist we might have just
inhabited the one that had all the right
conditions for our survival it's still
unclear whether the Multiverse theory is
even testable perhaps we just haven't
thought of the right tests yet now I've
got one scary thought for you to
consider what if at one point you
stopped existing in your home Universe
the one you were born into what if your
Consciousness was transported to a
parallel universe where you're now
watching this video think of
[Music]
this there's this mysterious thing in
space an unusual spot that scientists
haven't been able to explain for more
than 15
years there are different theories and
one of them says that maybe this is an
imprint from a collision with a parallel
universe is this true well let's
see take a look at this map this is the
map of our universe well not really this
is actually the map of cosmic microwave
background radiation or simply CMB
many many billions of years ago there
was a big bang it was so powerful that
it created our entire
universe and of course such an event
couldn't occur without leaving some
consequences and these consequences are
literally
everywhere the Big Bang left
electromagnetic radiation which we know
as
CMB we don't notice it in our daily
lives but it's literally here under our
noses
and if you had some kind of superhuman
Vision you would see how everything
around you shines with this dim
light this radiation is very important
if we hadn't discovered the CMB we would
never have found out about the Big
Bang previously scientists believed that
the Universe had always existed there
was no beginning and there was no end it
sounded pretty ridiculous to us now but
less than a century ago people were
Absolut absolutely sure of it Steven
Hawking was one of the first scientists
to Guess that the Universe did in fact
have a
beginning the guy was so cool that he
realized this as a student while working
on his doctoral
dissertation but unfortunately he had no
proof if there was such a strong bang
billions of years ago then where are the
traces where's the proof laughed people
who believed in the Eternal static
universe theory but don't worry
they had the proof rubbed in their faces
real
soon in 1965 astronomers Arno pienas and
Robert Wilson discovered CMB and that
was the first grandiose proof of the Big
Bang it turned out that radiation was
everywhere we just didn't notice it in
fact at first penzes and Wilson
themselves mistook it for the noise of a
big city or pigeons or something
else for their discovery which turned
turned the world of science upside down
they received the Nobel
Prize all right so people learned that
they were surrounded by electromagnetic
radiation then they started collecting
more data about it they accumulated more
and more info over the years until they
made this very map this is a map of CMB
temperatures but while creating it
scientists discovered something unusual
let's take a look at this map it looks
like a large and diverse pattern of cold
and warm places but in reality our
universe is quite uniform all
temperatures on this map are close to
-45° F with very little difference all
temperature fluctuations between these
places are small and each tiny spec
actually spreads over millions of light
years so everything in our world is
pretty calm and stable except for one
point this cold spot right
here astronomers first discovered it in
2004 first it looked like nothing
unusual it's just a region where the
temperature is below average for a
couple of micr Kelvin but remember we're
not talking about a small area this is a
giant cold region it's literally
billions of Lighty years in
size wait the scientists thought this
can't be true the universe should be
consistent everywhere according to our
our standard model this cold spot simply
shouldn't exist but it does exist though
this isn't just some mathematical error
it's right there so what is this cold
spot and how did it appear astronomers
have been trying to find the answers to
these questions for years even now we
have only a few theories so let's
discuss them all Theory one Cosmic
texture this idea was brought up at the
end of 2007
then scientists suggested that this cold
spot could be the hills of space in
other words it may be a bumpy region of
the universe just part of its texture
but that's a silly explanation so this
theory was quickly
discarded Theory 2 the
supervoid this hypothesis was considered
the most plausible for a
while it's stated that the cold spot was
actually the so-called super void it's a
terrifying dark place of our universe
with almost no galaxies and because it's
an empty region with almost no stuff in
there it seems cold to
us however this theory was refuted in
May 2017 after carefully examining the
cold spot scientists found out that
there were no signs of a supervoid there
moreover voids and super voids which
actually exist by the way are still very
small in size the cold spot is literally
thousands of times bigger than them so
there must be some other explanation and
there is one perhaps the most bizarre of
them
all Theory 3 a parallel
universe this controversial idea was put
forward by cosmologist and theoretical
physicist Laura merini
hotton she suggested that the cold spot
could be an imprint from the Collision
of our universe with a parallel
one standard cosmology cannot explain
such a giant cos MC hole says merini
hoton this is the unmistakable imprint
of another universe beyond the edge of
our
own her assumption is based on the
theory of the Multiverse this Theory
says that there's actually an infinite
number of universes like ours in the
world they constantly collide with each
other giving each other a push which
creates a new Big Bang so maybe the cold
spot is a bruise from such a collision
for quantum mechanics mecs such crazy
theories are pretty common but for
standard physics and our simple
understanding of the world this is Earth
shattering of course we need strong
evidence and merini Hon's team has begun
to work on it Professor Tom Shanks from
the center for extra Galactic astronomy
at Durham University also participates
in this
research the craziest sounding of the
Exotic models for the explanation of the
cold spot the Multiverse is actually the
most standard in terms of our current
model of the universe he wrote in one of
his
works so what evidence do we need well
our cold spot is located in the southern
hemisphere according to Shanks If there
really was a collision between two
universes we should find another cold
spot and it should be in the opposite
Northern
Hemisphere if astronomers actually found
it this Theory would be confirmed and
it' become the first proof of the
existence of a parallel universe but
it's not that easy to find a second spot
we need the latest highly sensitive
telescopes we also need to find out some
info about the nature of dark energy how
it affects space and in other words
there's still a lot of work to
do not so long ago scientists actually
believed they had discovered the second
spot researchers from New Mexico thought
they had found it in the northern
hemisphere
but unfortunately this is likely to be a
mistake the map these researchers used
had a high measure of Randomness so it's
possible that their Discovery is just an
accident caused by other voids so
basically we haven't found another cold
spot so far despite careful analysis but
again even the best modern equipment is
not perfect and it doesn't mean that
there's no second spot it just means
that we haven't found it yet but if one
day we did find it it could changed the
world of science
forever we'd confirm not only the theory
of parallel universes but also the
famous String Theory it could explain
everything that occurs in our world but
if this happens we'll get even more
questions than we already have how did
these two universes Collide how does it
all work so far it's all just guesswork
we can't claim that the cold spot is a
print from the Collision of parallel
universes but we can't refute this
either actually we may never know the
truth at all but it's still interesting
to strive for
it how was our universe born and if this
seems hard to answer then how about this
what was before our
universe while scientists are looking
for the answer to the most difficult
question in history let's find out what
they've come up with so
far in the 20th Century we've shed the
light on this mystery all thanks to this
man Edwin
Hubble one day on Mount Wilson in
Southern California he aimed his
telescope at the sky and found out that
these random clouds of gas flying
everywhere are actually other galaxies
and there are a lot of them and also he
learned something else something that
changed the world forever they're
moving so what you may ask well it meant
one very important thing the universe is
expanding and if it's expanding then it
probably had a beginning somewhere right
now all we have to do is run time
backwards and see where the beginning
was it took the scientists many more
years to come up with a full-fledged
Theory The Big Bang Theory and here it
is nothing has ever been anywhere
because neither when nor where existed
do do you get it but actually no there
was one thing it was the so-called
Cosmic
Singularity a state of our universe in
which it was incredibly small dense and
very hot imagine if our universe was
compressed into a small
ball the pressure and temperature inside
would be enormous at some point it
became impossible to withstand them and
here comes the Big Bang it was an out
out burst of energy and matter that
created everything we see now time and
space basic physical forces it also
scattered quarks
everywhere these quirks tiny particles
that make up our world were all boiling
in an incredibly hot Cosmic
broth when it cooled down gravity began
to attract them to each other they
gathered into atoms then molecules and
then into the first objects into the
world stars and all this happened just
some 12 to 14 billion years
ago all right now we know how our
universe was created but what was before
that Alan Harvey Guth an American
theoretical physicist and cosmologist
has devoted his whole life to solving
this mystery after learning about the
Big Bang Theory Guth found some flaws in
it for example the distribution of
matter was very even although it
shouldn't have
been let's hang a balloon filled with
paint to the ceiling and lay a white
canvas on the floor if we drop the
balloon down it will burst and we'll see
absolute Chaos on the canvas a bunch of
spots scattered everywhere randomly
neither is like the
other but that's not really what the
universe looked like instead of throwing
a colored ball from the ceiling let's
draw a small red dot on the canvas
now let's expand it a little more and
more and capture this all on frame by
frame shooting we'll see a circle
gradually growing in all
directions that's the reality the early
Universe was very even and proportional
that was guth's Discovery the theory of
inflation here's what it says even
before the Big Bang there was some kind
of force that could give the bang a
strong acceleration something that was
able to distribute everything in space
instantly and
evenly guth's theory was a success and
now most scientists rely on it for most
of them this idea of the birth of the
universe is quite enough for most but
not for
all Martin bojowald is a German
professor of physics and in his opinion
the universe was born quite differently
remember when we talked about Cosmic
Singularity the state of the universe in
which it was small infinitely dense and
super hot according to Martin's Theory
The Singularity couldn't just appear out
of nowhere this is nonsense but then
where did it come
from let's look at a pendulum on an old
clock the pendulum rotates back and
forth its movement is smooth continuous
and non-stop this is how we usually see
time it flows and never
stops but Quantum time ho ho Quantum
time doesn't work that way it's more
like the second hand of a clock it
consists of small segments and makes
short
pauses and just like with the second
hand of a clock the beginning of one
segment of time is always the end of
another see what I'm getting at let's go
back to balloons again according to the
Big Bang Theory Once Upon a Time our
universe began to expand inflate like a
balloon but sooner or later it will blow
away back the universe will start
shrinking and return to the state of
cosmic
Singularity and then guess what the big
bang too nothing appears out of nowhere
and disappears into nowhere according to
boal's Theory the beginning of each
universe is the end of the previous one
our universe is not at all the first and
not the last millions of similar
universes existed before us and will
exist just after
us this Theory although it sounds very
logical is far from complete
unfortunately we don't have enough
knowledge to find all the evidence for
it so for now all this is just a
hypothesis but some people come up with
even stranger ideas scientists promote
such unusual theories that no one could
even think
of Neil Turk a South African physicist
and his colleague Paul steinhardt an
American theoretical physicist look for
answers far beyond our
universe they say that yes our universe
isn't the first one there have been and
will be an infinite number of them and
not only will there be endless Big Bangs
our universe is just one of an infinite
number of others and all of us are stuck
in a cycle of endless rebirths of
parallel worlds this sounds incredible
and frightening at the same time but how
does it work
according to this Theory our universe is
located inside a so-called brain as in
membrane in other words we're stuck in
some kind of elastic surface that's
capable of Contracting stretching
oscillating and so on like pieces of
fabric on a rope these parallel
universes are located near each other
each one has a neighbor we're not the
exception another universe may be an
inch from ours but we can't see it
that's because there's a tiny space
between us and this tiny space contains
the fourth dimension how do these
universes originate through brain
Collision these brains are getting
closer to each other very very slowly
until one day they finally Collide their
Collision creates two big bangs and two
parallel
universes then they're moving away from
each other the created worlds continue
to live we're currently at this stage
but when they disappear the brains
Collide again and this will lead to the
birth of a new
universe remember the inflation Theory
there was a mysterious energy that
pushed and accelerated the Big Bang well
if we did Collide With Another Universe
that would explain
everything of course everything
described here is a great simplification
when you hear that our world is some
piece of fabric on a Robee it sounds
like complete nonsense but this idea is
based on string theory and M Theory two
giants of quantum mechanics if they turn
out to be true they could explain almost
everything in our
universe creating a theory is an
incredibly huge process tur and
steinhardt made a huge amount of
calculations and swept away many many
non-working
theories also to work this out they have
to overcome the limits of the human mind
and think in 11 Dimensions at once
unfortunately this crazy and elegant
idea was laughed
at turo and steinhart say that
scientists are regular people just like
everyone else they're also afraid of
change and the unknown and it's really
scary to question everything we once
believed in many years ago people didn't
believe that the Earth was round then
they were outraged by The Big Bang
Theory we can't make discoveries without
struggle and fear that that's why Turk
and steinhardt don't plan to give up so
easily after all the evidence that we
have now only says that each of the
three theories is equally possible so
which answer is correct we may never
know at least not at this stage of human
development unfortunately as long as we
have no evidence we can only theorize
but maybe one day we'll find something
that will open our eyes once and for all
maybe one day we'll solve the mystery of
how our universe came to be
13.8 billion years ago a mysterious
explosion happened in space it was chaos
a time when the stars planets asteroids
the rest of the space bodies and
galaxies were born it was the Big Bang a
theory we all know about but no one
knows for sure what happened where the
universe came from and what was there
before some even think the universe went
through a cycle where it contracted and
expanded several times in 1991 a
cosmologist from Stanford University
named Andre Linda had submitted an
article with the main idea that there
was a possibility the universe had been
created in a laboratory his theory said
there was a chance an advanced
civilization somewhere out there had
created our universe this civilization
has made an entirely new Cosmos that
later revolved its own planets stars and
intelligent forms of life 30 years later
many scientists take this Theory pretty
seriously they even started talking
about things that we as a civilization
can do to get to such an advanced level
the theory says this Advanced
civilization decided to add technology
that helped to create a new universe out
of nothing it happened through Quantum
tunneling it's when an atom can appear
on the opposite side of some barrier
even though it's supposed to be
impossible considering the laws of
physics of our world like if you wanted
to pass a tall wall but you can't pass
it with ladders or go around somewhere
imagine you can just walk through it
like a ghost in our world it's not
possible but a more advanced
civilization perhaps can do it plus they
realized how they could create new
universes right now on the cosmic scale
we could be a Class C civilization we
don't know how to recreate something
for example conditions on the earth for
when our Central Star the Sun goes out
if we manage to become a Class B
civilization we'll learn to adjust
conditions to be independent of the Sun
that means we might be able to learn how
to live even without it and if we level
up and become Class A we'll know how to
recreate Cosmic conditions and produce
our own Cosmos in our
Laboratories we think of the world we
live in through three dimensions of
space each east west north south and up
down there's also one dimension of time
which means we can distinguish past from
future a Fifth Dimension would represent
one more extra dimension of space the
theory of its existence was first
mentioned in the 1920s it was inspired
by the theory of gravity by Albert
Einstein who said SpaceTime is Warped by
matter and energy we can't perceive
these four dimensions but we see how an
object moves and attribute it to gravity
and maybe there's some other Force like
the electromagnetic force that's more
than 1,000 times stronger than gravity
that could explain things going on in
that extra dimension of space The Fifth
Dimension is curved in a way we can't
see it but the idea about it was
mentioned in a string theory it
considers the universe as really small
strings of mass energy not as particles
they vibrate in 10-dimensional
SpaceTime considering six dimensions are
rolled up way smaller than a single atom
that led to the picture of the universe
as a 3D Island that floats in
10-dimensional space time also The Fifth
Dimension might be an excellent
explanation to tell us more about Dark
Matter that's the invisible stuff with a
mass but we can't see it nor can it
interact with ordinary matter and dark
matter is 85% of all the matter in our
universe the universe can't be still
it's constantly in motion either
Contracting or expanding we used to
think there were 100 billion galaxies
but it turns out there are more than a
trillion the galaxies are moving away
from each other this is what it means
when scientists say the universe is
expanding all the time there are voids
between galaxies that sometimes stretch
millions and millions of light years
across they can seem empty but they can
also contain way more matter than we can
find in galaxies still Stars usually
can't be formed there because the matter
between those areas has lower density
but there's still plenty of so-called
Intergalactic Stars a good example is
the Virgo Galaxy cluster 10% of which
are Intergalactic Stars we don't know
how exactly they got there but there are
two possible ways one Stars can Collide
merge or pass close to another galaxy
which can kick it off from its parent
Galaxy option number two a super massive
black hole can accelerate a star to very
high velocities if they have a close
encounter which can again make a star be
expelled from its parent Galaxy if you
could have a giant magnet you could even
pull something out from the vicinity of
a black hole that's possible if the
magnetic field near a super massive
black hole is as strong as the black
hole's gravitational field but it
doesn't work if we're talking about
material that's already beyond the black
holes Event Horizon that's a spot with a
gravitational force so powerful not even
light light can get away you'd need to
accelerate this material to the speed of
light at least to get away for that
you'd need an infinite amount of energy
but a magnet could help if something's
heading toward the black hole but didn't
get inside yet when someone mentions a
black hole you might get a picture of
some giant void in space but the Milky
Way is most likely full of thousands of
smaller black holes that float around
the Galaxy when a star comes to its end
it will destroy it itself in a supernova
explosion which is a cataclysm of energy
in that explosion the densities in the
core will reach an intense enough state
that nothing will be able to escape at
the same time the major part of the star
explodes outward but a part of it
collapses inward creating a black hole
the bigger the star the bigger the hole
the black hole then swallows everything
that comes in its way including other
stars as well when a star gets sucked up
into the black hole it's ripped apart
because of the strong gravity inside the
black hole some of its parts fall into
the black hole While others get ejected
at incredibly high speeds some black
holes might have been formed in a
different way the early stages of our
universe were to say the least pretty
chaotic it had high temperatures and
pressures and was in a state that shaped
the entire Cosmos under the right
conditions any old gas patch may have
shrunk itself to become a black hole and
they came in many different sizes
from something that weighs a couple of
pounds to Giant masses like thousands of
suns and those in between they aren't
really black black holes are areas with
strong gravity and no object can escape
when it gets inside they feed off
electromagnetic radiation such as light
and space particles since they're
consuming matter all the time black
holes give off a dark glow the Earth is
not that close to the inhospitable edge
of the solar system we're the sixth
planet from it
scientists made a pretty cool 3D map of
our solar system where we can see what
the edge looks like it took them 13
years to design it the boundary is
called the outer heliosphere it marks
the area in space where the solar wind
which is the stream of charged particles
our sun emits gets deflected and draped
back by the radiation coming from the
empty region beyond our solar system the
inner layer of the heliosphere is where
the sun and the planets have a rough
shape of a sphere while the OU layer is
not that symmetrical this asymmetry
happens because our sun is moving
through the Galaxy and goes through
friction with the radiation in front of
it black holes tearing apart enormous
Stars Pulsar spinning at incredible
speeds and emitting powerful beams of
energy colorful nebula with fireworks of
newborn Stars galaxies of every possible
color and size all of these are found
within our universe but it's not
infinite it has a boundary a literal
wall and beyond that there's an absolute
nothingness right now we're going to
make a journey to that wall but first
things first our universe is like a
humongous nesting doll if you open it up
there's a smaller one inside it's a
Galaxy inside that is an even smaller
doll that's our solar system and the
smallest doll of all is the earth each
of these dolls has boundaries that we
are going to cross for that we'll need a
space ship and a big one it also has to
be able to move a 100 times faster than
the speed of light you get on board and
start the engines 62 Mi above sea level
is our first boundary that's 10 times
higher than passenger planes fly this
point is called the Carmen line it
separates the atmosphere of the Earth
from outer space now we fly further to
the edge of our solar system we turn on
the hyperdrives and fly past Mars
Jupiter Saturn Uranus and Neptune
we've traveled a distance of 100
astronomical units 1 Au is the distance
from Earth to the Sun and here's the
boundry of our solar system the
heliosphere here the speed of the solar
wind decreases rapidly first it drops
from 620,000 mph to the speed of sound
then there's a layer called the
heliopause this is where the wind almost
vanishes and then our ship experiences a
bow wave this is where we feel the force
of of the interstellar wind which
collides with the boundary of our solar
system when you pass this boundary you
find yourself in the dark of
interstellar space and here you can find
two human-made objects that made this
trip for the first time in history their
Voyager One and Voyager 2 Voyager 1
crossed that boundary in 2004 Voyager 2
did it in 2007 these space probes
discovered that the heliosphere is not a
perfect ball around the Sun its southern
boundary is 10 a closer to the star than
the northern one so we're moving in
interstellar space and will soon
approach a stone wall around our solar
system 200,000 Aus further and there it
is this wall of rock is the or cloud in
fact it's a pile of asteroids that
surround our world scientists speculate
that the or Cloud could be the source of
comets and meteorites that fall to Earth
but they're so sparse that we easily fly
between them now we're in complete dark
Darkness the Milky Way is about 106,000
Lightyear wide in a conventional rocket
it would take billions of years to fly
across that distance but you throttle to
the max you masterfully fly past the
stars and planets as if on a racetrack
and within minutes you're at the edge of
our galaxy there's no more Interstellar
wind all you see are bright dots
somewhere in the distance these dots are
huge galaxies we need to look at a map
to make a route to the edge of our
entire Universe you're here near the
Milky Way galaxy it's part of a cluster
of galaxies called the lania super
cluster but even this huge thing is like
a little Street in a big city zooming
out we find hydris and Taurus super
cluster thousands of galaxies on the map
look like little dots maximum zoom out
this is our entire observable universe
we thought it was infinite but we may
have proof that it has a boundary it's
here 10 billion light years away from
our home even if you travel at the speed
of light a trip there would take twice
as long as our whole planet has existed
during that time the Sun will either
fade away or explode like a supernova
destroying our entire solar system and
if you can live that long and then
return home you will see that our galaxy
is there no more it's long since
collided with the Andromeda galaxy and
merged into one big Cosmic body luckily
your ship is able to to warp SpaceTime
so that this journey will literally take
a few seconds boom congratulations
you've arrived at your destination the
aridus supervoid some scientists believe
this location is the evidence of
collisions of our universe with
something big enough to leave such a
large Scar the idonis supervoid is an
empty and cold Space 1 billion Lighty
years wide if you think of this void as
a cup it would fit at least 10,000
galaxies
and it appeared after an accident of
gigantic proportions the object that
crashed into our universe was another
Universe yes other universes may
actually exist imagine that our entire
universe is a huge bubble that contains
all the clusters of galaxies in the
observable universe there could be an
infinite number of such bubbles they
could have been born during the big bang
these universes may be different from
ours they may have other galaxies and
nebula but these bubbles could also be
parallel universes this means that if
you chose cereal over oatmeal in the
morning in Another Universe your twin
would choose the oatmeal every choice
you ever made in life had completely
different consequences in a parallel
universe and because the number of
choices are infinite there's a whole
Infinity of parallel universes so like a
regular bubble our universe has a wall
that is near the aridus supervoid long
ago another bubble flew past ours as
they approached each other their
gravitational fields began to interact
our boundary wall began to deform and
pull toward the other Universe the same
thing happened on the other side then
the walls of our universes came into
contact but as these bubbles moved their
connection began to break and the other
Universe just ripped a huge chunk of
ours a cold void was formed at the point
of collision and that was the aridus
Super void the problem is that the
Universe looks the same to The Observer
regardless of point of view for example
imagine a basketball hanging in the air
now if we put an ant on the ball and
tell it to find the edge of the ball it
will start running around it making an
infinite number of circles but the
landscape around the ant will not change
all it will see is a rounded Horizon
that's because the ball Remains the Same
from any point of view the same thing
happens to us when we try to find the
edge of our universe all because we
imagine the world in three-dimensional
space and our view is limited for
example you see an ordinary Square in
two-dimensional space but if you add
depth and change the point of view voila
it's a cube if we could see the universe
in four-dimensional space a square might
be something completely different but
maybe we can leave our home bubble the
key to traveling to another Universe
might be inside a black hole a black
hole is one of the most mysterious
objects in the universe they're so heavy
they warp not only space but time as
well it's like putting a heavy Boulder
on a net the net will sag and the closer
you get to the boulder the stronger the
curvature is once you're in the
gravitational field of a black hole you
can't leave it we still don't know what
might actually be in the heart of a
black hole some scientists speculate
that white holes also exist
theoretically they should be born along
with black holes except for the color
they're the exact opposite of black
holes nothing can come close to a white
hole at the moment there's no data on on
such objects but general relativity
Theory suggests they do exist there's
also a theory that a black hole may be a
passage to another Universe when you get
into a black hole you can come out the
other side through the Event Horizon of
the white hole so you bypass the
boundary of the universes and find
yourself in a completely different world
but we may have proof that a white hole
exists in 2006 scientists discovered an
unusual burst of energy somewhere 1.6
billion Lighty years away from Earth
this burst was unique it didn't look
like a supernova explosion or even the
merger of two black holes some
astronomers believe it was the birth of
a white hole but because it was unstable
it was destroyed almost immediately this
process was reminiscent of the birth of
our entire universe the Big Bang so
scientists called it the little Bang
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