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PIES Morderca, Obrońca, Maskotka - Oto Co Człowiek Zrobił z Wilkiem | Magia Natury | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: PIES Morderca, Obrońca, Maskotka - Oto Co Człowiek Zrobił z Wilkiem
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The domestic dog's incredible diversity and specialized breeds are the result of a long evolutionary journey driven by human selection, transforming wolves from wild predators into companions, workers, and even combatants, though this process has sometimes led to extreme and unhealthy outcomes.
The domestic dog is a very strange animal. There is
no consensus among taxonomists on whether it should be
considered a separate species or
perhaps just a subspecies of the wolf. One thing is
certain: there are hundreds of dog breeds in the world.
They are domestic animals that do
not occur naturally in nature. They arose
through selection from wild ancestors.
Genetic studies indicate that the
process of domestication of wolves
probably began tens of thousands of
years ago, but it entered the decisive phase
several thousand years ago. It began
innocently close to humans. Wolves could
find remains of killed animals,
which they willingly took advantage of by staying
nearby, but still being wild
animals, in return they warned people
about enemies and threats from
other wild animals. Everyone benefited
from this relationship. The intimacy progressed.
Some wolves became increasingly
attached to humans, helped in
tracking and hunting animals.
Eventually, they became members of human groups,
losing contact with wild individuals
and becoming increasingly different from them. For
humans, the most desirable dogs were
obedient dogs that responded to commands and were
at the same time excellent hunters,
capable of defending themselves, and willing to defend people. Humans
valued dogs the most and
fed them the best. This is how
artificial selection began. From that moment on, which
individual would produce offspring was determined
not only by fitness and adaptation
to the environment, as in nature,
but also by the relationship with humans. Over time,
humans took complete control over
dog reproduction and decided which
individuals would reproduce and survive,
taking into account the individual traits
that best suited them. In this
way, the wolf's evolutionary line
diverged from its wild ancestor, and over time, the
strangest breeds were bred, from dogs
fighting bulls and bears,
through fighting dogs used in wars, to mascots.
mascots.
Many believe that humans, in some
cases, went too far,
creating very strange breeds.
Some breeding was even
banned. In today's episode, we
will take a look at this extraordinary history of the
domestic dog, from the primitive to the
most bizarre. [Music] The
first dogs probably looked very
similar to wolves. Scientists delving into this
topic decided to examine the
genetic material of modern dogs and, by
comparing it with the genetic material of
wolves, distinguish the oldest breeds. The so-
called primitive dog breeds were also taken into account here. Taking into account the
historical knowledge about the
breed, and thus 14 breeds were distinguished, it will
probably come as no surprise that the
Siberian Husky, for example, is one of the primitive breeds. Its appearance alone
strongly resembles a wolf. This breed
originated in northern Siberia about
17,000 years ago. This region was inhabited by
many Paleo-Asian tribes. These people were
engaged in hunting, with
dogs helping them. The most important role in
shaping the breed was played by the Chukchi people,
who began using dogs to
pull sleds. This ice lived inland
and had to travel long distances to hunt. Back
then, a strong dog was worth its weight in gold,
requiring little food but
strong enough to pull its
prey for many kilometers.
Several or even
a dozen dogs were harnessed to the sleigh. Almost all
individuals were castrated, except for the
strongest, leading the sleds and the
most obedient and helpful ones.
Castration not only prevented
unwanted matings but
also helped the dogs maintain their
fat. This is how the Husky breed was shaped. A
strong, fast and
enduring dog, it is an excellent sled dog.
Another primitive breed that does not resemble a wolf at first glance
is the Afghan Hound. It
looks quite strange and does not seem to
have much in common with a wolf. Contrary to
appearances, it is a very old breed,
genetically very similar to a wolf. It is
known for certain that this breed originated
long before our era, because images of
Afghan Hounds are from stone
carvings dating back to around 2200 BC.
This breed originated in the mountains of Afghanistan,
where it was used for hunting
and herding purposes. Afghan Hounds
were originally used to
hunt deer, antelopes, hares, as well as wolves, jackals,
i.e. foxes. They were
also used to guard and defend
herds. The dog's appearance shows that the emphasis in its
selection was on
speed and the ability to chase game.
In Poland, you need a permit to
keep a greyhound. All dogs from this
group have an aerodynamic silhouette,
run very fast and have a strong
hunting instinct, almost instinctively
run after anything that runs away without They have no
major problem catching up with a deer or
hare, so they are dangerous for forest
animals and are a powerful tool.
Another primitive breed, considered one of the
oldest, will certainly surprise many of you. The Pekingese
Pekingese
seems to have even less in common with a wolf than the
Afghan Hound. However, as DNA analyses have shown, it has
quite a lot in common, and it descends
directly from Asian wolves.
Until the mid-19th century, this breed was known only
in China. Pekingese were bred as
temple dogs to ward off evil spirits,
and as dogs living in royal
palaces, they were treated as mascots,
petted and carried in the arms. Hence,
small individuals were preferred, and this is the
direction taught. A mascot
should be small, have fluffy, pleasant fur, and have a pleasant
appearance, and preferably large eyes. Turning a wolf into a
Pekingese seems
impossible, just like the entire
evolutionary process seems difficult to
grasp. Time plays a major role here, and it
is the most important sculptor of the
breed. Selection is a long and arduous process
lasting hundreds of thousands of generations. A drop
wears away the rock and over time the effect becomes visible. The
visible. The
original dog breeds were separated
from wolves based on selection, initially
unconscious and then also
consciously implemented by people. Today, dog breeds are being
created much faster than in
ancient times because it is no longer based
only on selection but also
on simply crossing different
breeds. If we managed to cross a
Pekingese with a Hague, we would get something in
between. This way, unique breeds can be created even within the lifetime of
one person.
Prehistoric dog breeders could not
crossbreed once because
they simply did not exist back then. They only relied
on the appropriate selection of dogs for
breeding. Very often, they did not
even have to understand this process themselves. Selection was self-
driven based on the principle of
usefulness and suitability of a given dog
for a specific purpose, which has not
changed; it was the same for hundreds of
thousands of years. One of such purposes was
hunting. Dogs were perfect for this purpose from the very beginning because
because
wolves themselves are excellent hunters. After their
domestication, the only thing that changed was that they
hunt for people and it is humans who choose the target of the
hunt. Humans exploited the
animal's natural instinct, so today we have
all There are a lot of hunting dogs. Each breed has
its own advantages. Some are designed for
chasing game, others for catching, and
still others for retrieving shot game.
Whether it's a chaser, each breed
is selected for its
predisposition to perform a
specific task. Therefore, with each
generation, it becomes better and better. Dachshunds,
for example, are short and tall,
so they can easily enter
fox or badger dens.
Wolves, in addition to being excellent hunters, are
also simply dangerous. This is another
characteristic of wolves that has been
exploited by humans.
Domesticated dogs are
therefore perfect for defending property or protecting herds of
cattle and sheep from predators.
Shepherd dogs are still a very important
type of dog and are known worldwide. In
Poland, in the Podhale region, they protect sheep herds
from wolves, and, for example, in
South America, from pumas. From the very
beginning, dogs have also proven themselves excellent in
defending human settlements to this day. One of the
most effective alarm signals, and even with a
defensive function, is dogs. Just take a
walk in the countryside or in a city at night.
single-family houses, to
understand what I'm talking about,
however, he took aggression. Teeth and claws can
also be used more directly,
simply as weapons in combat against
another human being. Dogs have been
used in battle since ancient times. They were
used in wars by the Egyptians,
Greeks, Persians and Romans.
Ancient writers mentioned this. Molossoid dogs were the best in battle.
Powerful dogs with a
heavy and compact build, strongly
muscled and with a short muzzle. The
modern descendant of these dogs is,
for example, the mastiff. Powerful molossoid dogs were
resistant to pain, they never cowered and, what's
more, they served without a government. In combat, they were
able to knock down a warrior by biting off his
arm. War horses, in turn,
bit the neck on the battlefield. It
often happened that defeating an
enemy took less time than dealing
with the dogs remaining on the battlefield,
which defended the fortified camp until the very end. The
well-known St. Bernard is also included in the molossoid group, which
also gives an idea of
the size and strength of ancient
fighting dogs. Other modern breeds from this
group include Canary Islands or Dogo Argentinos,
both now require a permit. In
Poland, they are considered the largest of
all dogs. The Great Dane is also
classified as a molosser. Their
strength, aggression, and tendency to fight have been
used for centuries not only for
combat purposes but also for entertainment.
Dog fights, similar to
gladiator fights, attracted large crowds already in the times of the
Roman Empire. In the
Colosseum, not only humans but
also dogs fought, clashing with lions
and bears in the arena. The blood sport of
dog fighting enjoyed great popularity for hundreds of years
and has survived to the
present day. Today, this entertainment is
illegal and has gone underground. For the
purposes of this blood sport,
one of the most aggressive and
fierce dog breeds of all time was created,
namely the pit bull, sometimes called the
killer dog. This is a modern breed
compared to the primeval forests, very
young, as its history is only 150
years old. When bull-baiting was banned in England,
dog fights began to gain popularity. The
pit bull was created largely
based on the bulldog, which, as the name suggests, He
says they were used in bullfighting.
Pitbulls are characterized by strength,
bravery, and extraordinary resistance to
pain. These dogs have innate aggression,
but most often directed not against
people but against other dogs or
animals. They have an unwavering character and a
willingness to fight, which has been fueled from
generation to generation. The practice of
dog fighting in half-witnesses is still
ongoing and, combined with gambling, is said to
bring huge profits. Owners of
winning dogs receive money
so they can continue breeding and
improve the breed, focusing on strength,
aggression, and effectiveness in fighting. Many
breeders, however, do the opposite,
trying to create pleasant family members from these dogs.
Breeders emphasize that the key
factor in a dog's temperament is its
upbringing. However, even a dog with aggressive
predispositions, with proper
training, can be calm or even docile.
docile.
In the case of some breeds, people
apparently go too far,
guided by their vision and imagination. They
create breeds that may look interesting in their own
way and have a unique
disposition, but are often burdened with
many diseases. An example would be the
English Bulldog, a dog burdened with a long
list of hereditary diseases. Due to
its specific anatomy, it is practically
impossible to reproduce without
human assistance, and most puppies are
born by cesarean section.
This year, Norway banned the breeding of this
breed, and many
veterinary associations around the world have been urging people
not to make rash decisions about
purchasing English bulldogs for years.
As you can see, this short story has
led us from ancient times
to the pit bull and the bulldog, and could
lead even further along other paths,
because dogs are used for various
purposes, and there are nearly 400 dogs in the world. They are
useful in police,
rescue, prisons, and
even rehabilitation.
The most interesting thing about this story, however, is
that all breeds, all the functional
functions of dogs, are based on the primal
instincts and predispositions of a certain
predatory, but also very
intelligent and social animal
that lived and still lives in the forests around
us, the gray wolf, the forefather of all
domestic dogs.
That's all for today. Thank you for your attention.
Best regards, bye. [Music]
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