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welcome to artificial intelligence

tutorial my name is richard kirschner

i'm with the simply learn team that's

www.simplylearn.com

get certified and get ahead what's in it

for you today what is artificial

intelligence so we'll start with a

general concept types of artificial

intelligence covering the four main

areas ways of achieving artificial

intelligence and some general

applications of artificial intelligence

in today's world finally we'll dive into

a use case predicting if a person has

diabetes or not and we'll be using

tensorflow for that in the python

environment what is artificial

intelligence and today's world is

probably one of the most exciting

advancements that we're in the middle of

experiencing as humans so what is

artificial intelligence and here we have

a robot with nice little clampy hands

hey what am i you are what we call

artificial intelligence i am your

creator reminding him who programmed him

and who he's supposed to take care of

artificial intelligence is a branch of

computer science dedicated to creating

intelligent machines that work and react

like humans in today's place where we're

at with artificial intelligence i really

want to highlight the fact that they

work and react like humans because that

is where the development of artificial

intelligence is and that's what we're

comparing it to is how it looks like

next to a human thanks any tasks you

want me to do for you get me a cup of

coffee poof here you go he brings him a

cup of coffee that's my kind of robot i

love my coffee in the morning you'll see

there's kind of a side theme of coffee

today's tutorial so here we have a robot

that's able to bring him a cup of coffee

seems pretty far out there you know that

we have a walking robot that's doing

this but it's not as far out there as

you think we have automatic coffee pots

we have devices that can move an object

from one point to the other you know

anything from amazon delivering packages

or whatever you want all these things

are in today's world we're right on the

edge of all this that's what makes this

so exciting such an exciting topic and a

place of study so let's take a look a

real general look at types of artificial

intelligence in the really big picture i

mean we drill into it there's like

machine learning and all kinds of

different aspects but just a generic

level of artificial intelligence so hi

there discovered four different types

come have a look so we have our kind of

einstein looking guy or professor at

some college so the very first part that

we're really this is uh as reactive

machines they've been around a long time

this kind of ai are purely reactive and

do not hold the ability to form memories

or use past experiences to make

decisions these machines are designed to

do specific jobs remember i talked about

the programmable coffee maker that makes

coffee in the morning it doesn't

remember yesterday from tomorrow it runs

its program even going back to our

washing machines they have automatic

load balancers that have been around for

decades so reactive machines we program

to do certain tasks and they have no

memory but they're very functional then

we have limited memory this is kind of

right where we're at right now this kind

of ai uses past experience and the

present data to make a decision

self-driving cars are kind of limited

memory ai we bring up self-driving cars

because that's a big thing especially in

today's market they have all these

images that they brought in and videos

of what's gone on before and they use

that to teach the automatic car what to

do so it's based on a limited memory

limited memory means it's not evolving

new ideas they have to actually when

they need to make a change they have the

programming built on the memory but then

they have to make those changes outside

of that and then put the new setup in

there so it's continually reprogramming

itself theory of mind these ai machines

can socialize and understand human

emotions machines with such abilities

are yet to be developed of course that's

under debate there's a lot of places

that are working on the theory of mind

and having it be able to cognitively

understand somebody based on the

environment their

facial features all kinds of things and

evolve with them so their own they have

some kind of reflective ability to

evolve with that and finally

self-awareness this is the future of ai

these machines will be super intelligent

sentient and conscious so they'll be

able to react very much like a human

being although they'll have their own

flavor i'm sure achieving artificial

intelligence so how in today's world

right now are we going to achieve

artificial intelligence well the main

arena right now is machine learning

machine learning provides artificial

intelligence with the ability to learn

this is achieved by using algorithms to

discover patterns and generate insights

from the data they are exposed to and

here we have a computer as we get more

and more to the human realm of art and

official intelligence you see this guy

splits in two and he's inside his hidden

networks and machine learning programs

deep learning which is a subcategory of

machine learning deep learning provides

artificial intelligence the ability to

mimic a human brain's neural network it

can make sense of patterns noise and

sources of confusion in the data let's

try to segregate different kinds of

photos using deep learning so first we

have our pile of photographs much more

organized than my boxes in my closet of

photographs the machine goes through the

features of every photo to distinguish

them this is called feature extraction

bingo figures out the different features

in the photos and so based on those

different features labels of photos it

says these are landscapes these are

portraits these are others so it

separates them in there if you've ever

been on google photos a favorite of mine

i go through there and i type in dog and

i get all the images of my dog it's

pretty amazing how it's able to pull

those features out so when we're

achieving artificial intelligence and

the deep learning let's take a closer

look and see just how deep learning

works there are a lot of models out

there this is the most basic model used

this is a neural network there are three

main layers in a neural network the

photos that we want to segregate go into

the input layer and so we have a picture

of mona lisa it looks like in a couple

of people when it goes into the first

input layer the arrows are drawn to like

individual dots each one of those white

dots in the yellow layer or in the input

layer would be a pixel in the picture

maybe a value for that pixel so the

picture of the mountains goes in there

and it fills in that whole input layer

and then the next picture of the

nightscape goes in there the hidden

layers are responsible for all the

mathematical computations or feature

extraction on our inputs so when you see

here we have the two uh kind of orangish

red layers here and there's all these

lines in there those lines are the

weights each one of those represents a

usually a float number or a decimal

number and then it multiplies it by the

value in the input layer and you'll see

that as it adds all these up in the

hidden layer each one of those dots in

the hidden layer then has a value based

on the sum of the weights and then it

takes those and puts it into another

hidden layer and you might ask well why

do we have multiple hidden layers well

the hidden layers function as different

alternatives to some degree so the more

hidden layers you have the more complex

the data that goes in and what can they

can produce coming out the accuracy of

the predicted output generally depends

on the number of hidden layers we have

so there we go the accuracy is based on

how many hidden layers we have and again

it has to do with how complex the data

is going in the output layer gives us

the segregated photos so once it adds up

all these weights and you'll see there's

weights also going into the output layer

based on those weights it'll say yes

it's a portrait no it's a portrait yes

it's a landscape no it's a landscape and

that's how we get our setup in there so

now we were able to label our photos

let's take a look and see what that

looks like in another domain we have

photograph domain now let's look at it

in the airline ticket so let's predict

the airline ticket prices using machine

learning these are the factors based on

which we're going to make the

predictions and choosing your factors is

so important but for right here we'll

just go ahead and take a look what we

got we have airlines we have the origin

airport the destination airport the

departure date here are some historical

data of ticket prices to train the

machine so we pull in the old data this

is what's happened over the years now

that our machine is trained let's give

it new data for which it will predict

the prices and if you remember from our

four different kinds of machines we have

machines with memory well this is the

memory part it remembers all the old

data and then it compares what you put

in to produce the new data to predict

the new prices the price is 1 000 that's

an expensive flight of course

if that is a us dollars if it's india i

don't know what the price range is on

that hopefully it's a good deal for

wherever you're going so we predict the

prices and this is kind of nice because

if you're looking way ahead it'd be nice

to know if you're planning a trip for

next year

how much those tickets are going to cost

and they certainly fluctuate a lot so

let's take a look at the applications of

artificial intelligence we're going to

dive just a little deeper because we

talked about photos we've talked about

airline ticket prices kind of very

specific you get one specific number but

let's look at some more things that are

probably more in-home more common right

now speaking of home this young

gentleman is entering his room of course

makes a comment like we all do we walk

into a room this room is dark isn't it

let's see what happens when i enter it

the sensors in my room detect my

presence and switch on the lights

this is an example of non-memory

machines okay you know it senses you it

doesn't have a memory whether you've

gone in or not some of the new models

start running a prediction as to whether

you're in the room or not when you show

up when you don't so they turn things on

before you come down the stairs in the

morning especially if you're trying to

save energy you might have one of those

fancy thermostats which starts guessing

when you get up in the morning so it

doesn't start the heater until it knows

you're going to get up so here he comes

in here and this is one of the examples

of smart machine and that is one of the

many applications of artificial

intelligence one of the things we're

developing here in our homes okay bye

abruptly he leaves leaving his nice

steaming cup of coffee there on the

table and when he leaves the sensors

detect he's gone and turn off the lights

let's watch some tv did someone say tv

the sound sensors on the tv detect my

voice and turn on the tv sounds kind of

strange but with the google dongle and a

google home mini you can actually do

just that you can ask it to play a movie

downstairs on your downstairs tv true

also with the amazon fire stick and all

the different artificial intelligent

home appliances that are coming out

pretty amazing time to be alive and in

this industry here you have one more

application of artificial intelligence

and you can probably think of dozens of

others that are right now on the cutting

edge of development so let's jump into

my favorite part which is a use case

predict if a person has diabetes and in

the medical domain i mean if you read

any of these they say predictive a

person has diabetes but in the medical

domain we would want to restate this as

what is the risk is a person a high risk

of diabetes should just be something on

their radar to be looking out for and

we'll be helping out with the use case

there we are with a cup of coffee again

i forgot to shave as you can see we'll

start with the problem statement the

problem statement is to predict if a

person has diabetes or not and we might

start with this prediction statement but

if you were actually using this in a

real case again you would say your

higher risk of diabetes would be the

proper way to present that to somebody

if you ran their test data through here

but that's very domain specific which is

outside of the problem statement as far

as the computer programmers involved so

we have a look at the features these are

the things that have been recorded and

they already have this data from the

hospitals one of them would be number of

times pregnant obviously if you're a guy

that would be zero glucose concentration

so these are people who've had their

glucose measured blood pressure age age

is a big factor an easy thing to look at

insulin level so if someone's on insulin

they probably have diabetes otherwise

they wouldn't be taking insulin but that

would affect everything else and we add

that in there if they're if they're

using insulin let's start off with the

code so we're going to start off by

importing parts of our data set and if

we're going to do this let's jump into

one of our favorite tools we're going to

use the anaconda jupiter notebook so let

me flip over there and we'll talk just

briefly about that and then we'll look

over this code so here we are in the

jupiter notebook and

this is an inline editor which is just

really cool for messing with python on

the fly you can do demos in it it's very

visual you can add pieces of code it has

cells so you can run each cell

individually you can delete them but you

can tell the cell to be a comment so

that instead of running it it just skips

over it there's all kinds of cool things

you can do with jupyter notebook we're

not going to go into that we're actually

going to go with the tensorflow and you

do have to import all the different

modules in your python now if you're in

a different python ide that's fine it'll

work in just about any of your python

ides and i'll point out the one

difference in code when we get to that

which is the inline for doing our graph

and in this code we're going to go

through we're going to load our data up

we're going to explore it we're going to

label it and then we'll use the

tensorflow and then we'll get down to

the end where we're going to take a look

at how good the model is does it work so

let's start with the top part here and

let me go ahead and let's paste that

code in there i've added a line in at

the top i've added the folder because i

didn't put it in the same folder as the

program that's running you don't need to

worry too much about that but if you

have a folder issue or says file doesn't

exist you probably have it in the wrong

folder or you need to add the folder

path and then we're going to import

pandas and let me just one of the cool

things since it's in internet chrome we

can just do that control plus and zoom

right in there and we have the import

pandas as pd so go ahead and draw a line

of there you can see that the pandas as

pd add a little drawing thing in there

to make it easier to see pandas is a

data set it's a really nice package you

can add into your python usually it's

done as pandas as pd that's very common

to see the pd here let's circle that

it's basically like an excel spreadsheet

it adds columns it adds headers it adds

a lot of functionality to look at your

data and the first thing we're going to

do with that is we're going to come down

here and we're going to read and this is

a csv it's a csv file you can open up

the file on your computer if you want if

you need access to the file you can

either search it and download it from

the main thing or type a note in down

below on the youtube video and simply

learn will help you get that file also

and that's true of any questions you

have on this you can add comments down

there and somebody at simplylearn

actually keeps an eye on that and we'll

try to answer those questions for you i

put in the full path you don't have to

if you have your data files saved in the

same folder you're running your program

in and this is just a csv file comma

separated variables and with the pandas

we can read it in there and we're going

to give it put it right in a variable

called diabetes and then finally we take

diabetes and you'll see diabetes.head

this is a pandas command and it's really

nice because it just displays the data

for us let me go ahead and erase that

and so we go up to the run button up

here in our jupyter notebook which runs

the script in this that's a cell we're

in and you can see with thediabetes.head

since it's a pandas data frame it prints

everything out nice and neat for us this

is really great and if i go ahead and do

a control minus i can get it all to fit

on the same screen and this is the first

five lines when you do the head of the

data just prints out the first five

lines in programming of course we start

with zero so we have zero one two three

and four there we go we have yeah here

we go we start with zero we have zero

one two three and four we have our

titles going across the top and of

course the first column is number of

pregnancies glucose concentration

for the second one blood pressure

measurements of triceps as we keep going

you'll see you can guess what most of

these things are group i'm not sure this

is probably the test group i didn't look

it up to see specifically what that is

anytime you start exploring data and for

this example we don't really need to get

too much in detail you want to know the

domain what does this information mean

are we duplicating information going in

that's beyond the scope of this for

right now though we're just going to

look at this data and we're going to

take apart the different pieces of this

data so let's jump in there and take a

look at what the next set of code is so

in our next setup or our next step we

got to start looking at cleaning the

data we got to start looking at these

different columns and how are we going

to bring them in which columns are what

i'm going to jump ahead a little bit and

also as we look at the columns we're

going to do our import our tensorflow as

tf that's a common import that's our

tensorflow model tensorflow was

developed by google and then they put it

into open source so that it's free for

everybody to use which is always a nice

thing so let's take a look at what these

two steps look like in our jupiter

notebook so let's paste this code in

here and this is something that happens

when you're messing with data is you'll

repeat yourself numerous times we

already have diabetes head so i'm going

to put the little pound sign which tells

python that this is just going to be a

comment we're not going to run it a

second time in here we have diabetes dot

columns and then diabetes columns to

norm equals diabetes columns to

norm.apply lambda x let's talk about

that but let me first run that and let's

see that comes out with that and then

let's put the next set of code in also

and i'm going to run that let me just

hit the run button it doesn't really

have an output but we did a lot of stuff

here so let's go over what we did on

this so i've turned on my drawing

implement to help go through all this

there's a lot going on here the first

thing is we have all of our columns up

here all of our column names let me just

highlight that and draw a circle around

that like we did earlier and we want to

look at just specific columns and we're

going to start let me change the color

on this so it really sticks out i'll use

like a blue i'm going to look at these

columns and we're not going to do age

class or group we're going to look at

those in a different way and i'll

explain in a little bit what that's

about so we're looking at number of

pregnancies

uh glu basically anything that can be

read as a float number and you might say

age could be read as a float number

we're going to address that differently

because when you're doing statistics we

usually take the ages and we group them

into buckets and we'll talk about that

and so we're going to take these columns

and we're going to do what they call

normalize them call them to normalize

what is normalize if you're using the sk

learn module one of their neural

networks they call it scaling or scalar

this is in all of these neural networks

what happens is if i have two pieces of

data and let's say

one of them is in this case zero to six

and one of them is in insulin level is

zero to maybe point two would be a very

high level i don't know what they

actually go to a neural network we'll

look at this six and it'll go zero to

six and as you get into zero six here's

an eight even a higher number it will

weight those heavier and so it'll skew

the results based more on the number of

pregnancies than based on the insulin or

based on the blood pressure so we want

to level the playing field we want these

values to all be in the same area we do

that by normalizing it here and we use a

lambda function this is always a kind of

a fun thing we take the diabetes it's a

panda set up and let me just erase all

that so we can go down here put it back

to red and we take our diabetes which is

a panda data set and we only want to

look at the columns to normalize because

that's what we built we built a list of

those columns and we're going to apply

a lambda function and you'll see lambda

and all kinds of python programming it

just means it's a function we put x in

and whatever is outside of the x over

here it then takes that and returns that

value so

the new value is going to be whatever x

is minus x min again it's a panda's data

set so we can get by with that which is

really cool makes it easy to read so we

take x we look for the minimum value of

x and then we divide that by the maximum

value x minus the x min or the width and

what this essentially does is if you're

going from 0

to 15

it's going to divide by 15 and then we

subtract it let's make this 2 instead of

0 or 2 20 to 115 there we go first off

we set this to zero so we subtract x min

so right off the bat the minimal value

is going to be zero and then we divide

it by the difference here x min minus x

max or x max minus x min this basically

sets all the values between zero to one

and that's very important if we want to

make sure that it's not going to be a

skew in the results if it's not going to

weight the values one direction or the

other zero to one that's what this is

doing and again there's like so many

different ways to scale our data this is

the most basic scale it's standard

scaling and it's the most common and we

spelled it out in the lambda you can

there's actual um modules that do that

uh but lambda is just it's such an easy

thing to do and you can see really see

what we're doing here so now we've taken

these columns we've scaled them all and

changed them to a zero to one value we

now need to let the program know the

tensorflow model that we're going to

create we need to let it know what these

things are so to do that i create a

variable called number pregnancy keep it

simple and we've imported the tensorflow

as tf one line of code brings our

tensorflow in for us awesome love python

so you get number of pregnancies in

tf.feature column.numeric column we're

going to tell it's a numeric column so

it knows that this is a float value zero

to one and then number underscore

pregnant so we're taking that column and

we've reshaped that column from zero to

one and no that doesn't mean you have a

point one pregnancy it just means zero

point one equals one or something number

pregnant so we're just mapping this data

so tensorflow knows what to do with it

and we go through all of these we go

through all the way up to again we're

not doing age let me just separate h

down here these have all been adjusted

age we're going to handle differently we

still put it as a numerical column

because it is so let me just circle age

and group we didn't even touch group yet

we're going to look at group and h and

we're going to do some special stuff

with that class we're going to look at

last why because this is whether they

have diabetes or not that's what we're

testing for so this is our history we

know these people have diabetes or not

and we want to find out we want to

create a model and then we want to test

that model predicting whether somebody

new has diabetes or not so here i am

still with my cup of coffee working away

refill number three let's explore both

the categorical group which is going to

be the b c and d on the end and also the

age we're going to talk about those a

little bit more and then we're going to

combine all those features and we'll

jump into splitting the data although

that's kind of the next step but we'll

put that all together what are we doing

with the age and what are we doing with

the group down there so let's flip on

over and take a look at our

jupiter notebook so the first thing is

let's put this new set of code in here

and run it and let's talk about what

we're doing on this set of code in i

actually want to go one more step

forward on the next set of code or part

of it there we go and i can go and just

run that while we have it that's fine

let's just scroll up a little bit here

and let's go through what we just did

with this set of code if we go back up

here to the top part we have group b c b

b c we learned from the header so when i

come down here we're going to create a

signed group and let me get my drawing

pad out so we're looking at this first

one up here assigned group tf feature

column categorical column with

vocabulary list that is a mouthful this

is saying that this is a categorical

list in this case we have a b c d you

see this a lot in tensorflow a lot of

times tensorflow is used to analyze text

or logs error logs and they're just full

of all this information and they take

these in this case a b c d but in other

cases it'd be words and they create

numbers out of them so it has 0 this is

one column this is another column this

is another column this is another column

and it's just this way of being able to

look at this in a different light and

assigning them different values you

really don't want to assign this a float

value first thought might be let's

assign this 0 to 3 0 1 2 3 for a b c d

but if you did that it would try to add

1 plus 2 to get 3 as part of its math

and functions and that just isn't true c

does not equal a plus b c is just a

categorical name it could have been the

frank group and laura's group in a bids

group but it's not you know these are

they're not float numbers so very

important you have that distinction in

your data the next step we're looking at

is our map plot and we're going to do

this

this is a cool useful tool we're going

to import matplotlibrary.pi

plot as plt that's standard import and

this next line here is really important

we're doing the matplot library we want

it to be inline that's because we're in

a jupyter notebook remember i told you

before that if you're running this in a

different ide you might get a different

result

this is the line you need if you want to

see the graph on this page and then we

do diabetes we're going to look at just

the age and dot hist bins equals 20.

what the heck is that well it turns out

that because this is remember it's a

pandas there's our pd pandas as pd

because this is a pandas panda

automatically knows to look for the

matplot library and a hist just means

it's going to be a histogram and we're

going to separate it into 20 bins and

that's what this graph is here so when i

take the diabetes and i do a histogram

of it it produces this really nice graph

we can see that

at 22 most of the participants in this

probably around

174 of the people that were

recorded were of this age bracket

they're right here in this this first

column here and as they get further and

further down they have less and less and

less until when you're at 80 you can

actually see down here there's almost

none in a couple of these categories and

this is important to know because when

you're doing census you know the older

the the group is the more the people

have passed away so you're going to have

this in any of your senses as you take

you're always going to have a much

larger group in the younger crowd and

then it gets lower and lower as they get

older and i mentioned the word buckets

here we go we're going to create an age

bucket we're going to put people in

buckets can you imagine people sitting

in buckets kind of a funny way of

looking at it this just makes it easier

for us to separate it when i go to the

doctor's office i don't want to be told

well your age 22 this is you know you'll

get a decent one at 22.

here we are back to my cup of coffee i

told you coffee was an underlying theme

these next couple steps are very

specific to tensorflow up until now we

had some tensorflow as we set the

categories up but you'd have to set that

up with any model you use to make sure

they're set correctly they'd be set up a

little differently but we run input

functions and in tensorflow this allows

for some really cool things to happen

and this is why tensorflow is so

predominant in a lot of areas so let's

take a look at these next couple lines

of code here we're going to create the

input function and we're going to go

ahead and create the model and let me go

ahead and put these codes in here i went

ahead and split it up so it's different

lines so we can talk a little bit about

that and then the actual model and let

me go ahead and run this so we can see

what that looks like and in my

particular environment it just prints

out a little bit of information about

the model not too worried about looking

at that but we do want to take a closer

look at what we did here so we've

created an input function and again this

is very specific to tensorflow with the

input function we have our train we have

our x equals x train and our y equals y

train because we want to train it with a

particular information but we have these

other settings in here these two

settings and the number of epics is how

many times it's going to go over our

training model epic means large that

means all the data so we're going to go

over it a thousand times that's actually

a huge overkill for this amount of data

usually it only needs probably about 200

but you know when we're putting it

together and you're trying things out

you just kind of throw the numbers in

there and then you go back and fine-tune

it sometimes the batch size is really

important this is where tensorflow does

some really cool things if you're

processing this over a huge amount of

data and you try to batch everything at

once you end up with a problem this

means we're only going to read 10 lines

at a time through our data so each one

of those rows of testing they've done

we're only going to look at 10 of them

at a time and put that through our model

and train it and then shuffle

self-explanatory we're just moving we're

just randomly selecting which data and

what order we go in that way if there's

like you know five in a row that are

kind of weighted one way and vice versa

it mixes them up and then finally we

create our model so the model goes in

there and goes okay i have a

tf.estimator.linearclassifier

we're going to put in the feature

columns equals feature columns we

defined all our columns up above and

then we have in classes equal 2 and that

just means we have our out result is

zero or one you have diabetes or you

don't have diabetes or in this case we

actually call it high risk of diabetes

and then i put one more line of code in

there which i forgot we've set up our

model we set up our feature columns now

we need to actually train it model.train

you'll see this

so common in so many different neural

network models this is like a standard

what's different though is we have to

feed it the function remember we created

this function with all this information

on it and then we have steps in uh steps

similar to number of batches and batch

size it's more like a individual lines

we step through a thousand is a lot more

common for steps than epics but steps is

used you probably leave this out in this

particular example and let's go ahead

and run this all together because it has

a site when we start training it we get

a different output so here we go i've

run it it's given me the information

from when i created the model and now it

just starts going through and we get

this information tensor loss equals

global step all kinds of stuff going on

here and if you're following this it's

just going through the steps and

training it it gives you information you

could dig deep into here but for this

particular setup we're not going to go

too deep on what's going on just know

that we've trained our model this model

now has the information we need in it to

start running predictions so as we sip

our next um take our next step of coffee

or maybe it's tea or

if you're one of those strange late

night workers maybe it's a sip of wine

we go into the next step and we actually

want to run some predictions on here but

we don't want to run the training we

want to run the test on there we want to

take our test data and see what it did

and so that's what we're going to do

next is we're going to run the test

through and actually get some answers so

if you were actually deploying it you

would pull the answers out of the data

it's bringing back let's take a look at

that in our jupyter notebook so here we

go let's paste it in there i'm going to

go ahead and run it and you'll see that

as it goes it's actually putting the

answers out if you remember correctly

well we'll walk through this here in

just a second but it goes through and it

runs each line and it gives you a

prediction for each line one at a time

and prints them out so let's take a look

and see what that actually looks like

let's start with this first part we've

created another function this is just

like the other function except for

x equals x test and there's no y why is

there no y because we don't know what

the answer is on this yet we don't want

to tell it the answer we wanted to guess

what the answer is so we can evaluate

that and see how good it did on that 33

percent of the data so this is our x

test batch size is 10 again so if we

were watching this roll down here we

would see that it actually processes it

10 lines at a time it's only going to go

through once it goes through all the x

test data one time we don't need to have

it predict multiple times and shuffle

equals false

very important we set the shuffle to

false because if we were tracking this

and actually giving people answers we

want to make sure it connects to the

right person so they get the right

results of course we're just doing this

to evaluate it so let's take a look down

here what i put out and as i scroll down

to my jupiter notebook we have some

information as far as a tensorflow

running and then the actual output and

if we look at the output we know by this

first bracket in python it's an array we

know

by this squiggly bracket that this is a

dictionary so that this is a label the

dictionary has logistic probabilities

class ids classes and so this whole

first part let me redo that this whole

first part is one

output and we know that because there is

the bracket there and there is this

bracket here for the dictionary and it's

a dictionary of terms so if i pulled

this out and i looked at object 0 in

here i would go down to and let me just

find it here it is classes remember how

we define classes we define classes as

our answer and so it's guessing our

tensorflow says based on all the

information you gave me i'm guessing

this first entry of our first test data

is high risk diabetes uh oh go get

tested change your diet watch what

you're eating you know high risk one and

if we go down far enough we can see down

here is another one where classes equal

zero i skipped a couple because they're

all ones up here the b

this particular output b

in front of the one means it's a binary

output it only comes out as zero or one

and there's a lot of other information

in here you can dig deep into tensorflow

and explain these different numbers

that's way beyond the scope of what

we're working on today so the basics of

it though is you get an output and we

have an output of whether the person has

diabetes or not well in this case it's

high risk of diabetes or not so now that

we've run our predictions take a sip of

coffee a little short break and we say

well what do we need to do well we need

to know how good was our predictions we

need to evaluate our model so if you're

going to publish this to a company or

something like that they want to know

how good you did let's take a look at

what that looks like in the code so

let's paste that in here and

just real quick go back over this by now

this function should look very

this is we're going to call it eval

input function it should be pretty

straightforward here we have our tf

estimator inputs pandas input function

and then we have our x test our y test

because we this time we want to give it

the answer so it has something to see

how good it did on batch is 10

processing 10 at a time we're only going

once through the data we're not

shuffling it although it doesn't really

matter with this and then we're going to

do results equals

model.evaluate and we put our evaluation

function in there this should all look

familiar because we're repeating the

same thing it's very similar with a

couple different changes as far as what

we're feeding it and the fact that we're

doing an evaluation let's see what that

looks like when we run it and we go up

here to our run model you'll see

warnings on some of these because i

didn't install this on its own install

so a lot of it is just temporary files

because i'm using the jupyter notebook

instead of setting it up on a regular

machine and we get our output and we'll

go ahead and just look at this output

real quick and then we'll flip over and

from here you'll see that it generates

an accuracy a baseline average loss the

mean gives you a precision prediction it

gives you all kinds of information on

here so let's flip over and see what's

important and we'll look at the slide

here we are in this slide and this

should be exciting because we just about

wrapped up our whole tensor flow and

tensorflow is one of the more

complicated models out there so give

yourself a pat on the back for getting

all the way through this when we look at

this output we have an accuracy of

0.7165

that's really what we want to look at

that means that we have an accuracy if

you're just truncating it of 71 percent

that's quite good for our model you know

given a small amount of data we came up

with the 71 percent of letting people

know they're high risk or not with

diabetes so we created a model that can

predict if a person has diabetes based

on some previous records of people who

were diagnosed with diabetes and we've

managed to have an accuracy of 71

percent which is quite good the model

was implemented on python using

tensorflow again pat yourself on the

back because tensorflow is one of the

more complicated scripts out there it's

also one of the more diverse and useful

ones so the key takeaways today is we've

covered what is artificial intelligence

with our robot that brings us coffee and

we noted that we are comparing it to how

it reacts and looks like humans very

important to note that in today's world

where we're at and we looked at types of

artificial intelligence from the

reactive machines to limited memory and

looking into the future of theory of

mind and self awareness then we went in

there and took a look at taking photos

and how artificial machine learning work

we took a glance at deep learning with

our neural networks and how we have

hidden layers in our input layer and our

output layer we then looked at a use

case of somebody walking into a room and

activating their tv using artificial

intelligence or part of the ai category

and finally we dug in deep and we did

some coding in the tensorflow in python

with that let's wrap it up i'd like to

thank you for joining us today for more

information visit www.simplylearn.com

get certified get ahead again if you

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Artificial Intelligence Tutorial | AI Tutorial for Beginners | Artificial Intelligence | Simplilearn