This analysis of Tirso de Molina's "The Trickster of Seville" (Don Juan) argues that the character's enduring relevance lies in his embodiment of deception and narcissism, traits that are paradoxically celebrated and condemned in modern democratic societies. The work highlights the limitations of human justice and the societal reliance on ideology and superficial appearances, contrasting it with a more theological resolution.
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In this session we are going to talk about a very important issue that has to do with justice,
lying and deception and we are going to end in this way with the series of video lessons
that we have dedicated to the figure of Don Juan by Tirso de Molina
a literary and
theatrical figure that
built generated in the from a criterion
that is sometimes mostly accepted, other times minorities this of justice and this concept
of Justice has never been stable Beyond a certain time a certain time could
be a few centuries it could be a millennium as in the case of the Roman Empire or other empires or it could
be a season To put it very mildly our The current time is determined above
all by democracies, democracies that basically put the management of all
concepts, including justice, in the dialectic of ideologies so that
everything is resolved from the point of view of the dialectical confrontation of some ideologies
with others. until such point that the result of human coexistence in democratic societies
is always the result, I insist, of this conflict of ideologies that frequently
only lead to the emotional organization of collective ignorance but which is what
determines the functioning of de facto justice in the history of humanity,
justice changes when ideologies change, when ways of thinking about how
things are organized change, science, however, remains more stable, it remains above
ideologies and below them because it depends, there are times like the current in which the Ideologies
are imposed on the sciences and the sciences obey the imperatives of such or such ideologies, but
the case that concerns us here is the case of Don Juan by Tirso de Molina, The Mocker of Seville
or Stone Guest, who is a character as I say. built in the 15th century and which has
a truly surprising relevance today we do not talk about Don Juans today we talk
about narcissists yes about scoffers yes about impostors but the imposture of Don Juan
The narcissism of the figure of Don Juan is today applauded celebrated sympathized on the one hand
narcissism is criticized on the one hand lies are criticized on the one hand forms
of human behavior designed to deceive others are criticized But on the other hand in the same way that they are
criticized They are celebrated, they are applauded, they are exacerbated and strengthened because I insist on democracy.
On the one hand, it denounces narcissism and on the other hand, the only thing it generates are narcissistic leaders.
On the one hand, it denounces imposture and deceitful behavior. public traps and on the other
hand the only thing that advertising and journalism promote through cinema are behaviors
of public traps and imposture, so of course it is a political model, it is a political stage
in which we live in which contradiction is made an exercise in sovereign cynicism
an exercise in unusual and extraordinary cynicism What role does literature play in this entire
context really none because today literature is not studied in universities
in universities study anything but literature there are no longer faculties of arts
tuition in the faculties of letters drops massively drops surprisingly and and I believe
that practically in one or two generations the current faculties of philosophy and letters in which
neither philosophy is studied because it is about ideologies nor letters because it is about
indefinite culture will disappear definitively because they will not respond to any type of social demand
the fact of having associated the university with the company has the consequence that the company
will not sponsor university activities that are not profitable to the friends of commerce
the friends of commerce are not the friends of the university and a university subject to
the demands Bolognese of commerce because it is a university where letters do not play any
role. What will be the place occupied by people who want to study literature Well, really
No solid place will be a kind of group of friends who will get together to study literature or
simply to talk about it. They will be reading groups. It will be group therapy. That is to say,
people will end up reading Stephan Spike as if this Emio Yedo or George Steiner could teach us.
something about what literature is when in reality literature remains in this way in the hands of
guru Here we are going to do something quite different in our eh interventions m we do not talk
about topics we do not talk about occurrences we are aware that our audience is the public
that Pays attention to the ideas and we share in that sense the same type of public
as any other gurus but we are not like the others. Although our public is what there is, we
already know that and we fight as we already know Also here we are going to enter the
Third and final day of Don Juan by Tirso de Molina and we are going to exponentially underline all these
aspects of an impostor, a liar, a mocker as a social hero as a hero of
society, what makes him What Nietzsche would call a superman is someone like Don Juan, that is, a
superman, a superhero is a super antihero, in other words, it is really like talking about
emotional intelligence, which is the same as emotional ignorance, that is, when people talk about
emotional intelligence, they don't know what they are talking about. But he believes that he says something very interesting and very exciting,
not because it is intelligent but because it is exciting, which is the same as talking about emotional ignorance. The
same thing happens with the ism of a Don Juan. It is the heroism of a criminal. It is the heroism of
an impostor. It is virtue. from someone who is dedicated to deceiving this guy this Don Juan in one of his
adventures with which the third and last act of the play begins The Trickster of Seville on his
way to complete an exile in Lebrija of Seville Lebrija passes through a town that It is two
sisters, a real place name, a real town. And in this town he finds a wedding of two
rich farmers called Patricio, not batracio, but Patricio and Aminta, Patricio and Aminta. The fact is
that he gets in the way of the wedding, he invites himself as just another guest and naturally this already arouses
the suspicions of the husband, not the groom but the husband, it turns out that at the end of the day he manages
to get into bed with the newlywed and leave the other cuckold and decomposed
undoubtedly that is, Imagine the skills, as the English would say today, these
skills assumed by Spanish speakers, also the skills of this Don Juan to turn the
tables never Better said The fact is that eh this impotent never better pointed out Patricio eh
notices something in verses typical of the sticomitia that is to say verses that in themselves constitute a
complete statement both in lyric poetry and especially in dramatic poetry
the sticomitia a complete statement offers completely sententious statements about
of what the elites are, the fear that the people have of the ruling elites in a
context in which there is no democracy and in which one must necessarily obey by
estate imperative. The elites today, democracy, I don't know if it allows obedience or disobedience, but
anyway, taking into account the capacity for submission that our time offers, I don't know where
all this has gone, especially because of the enlightened imperative by virtue of which obedience consists of
fulfilling the Laws and exercising freedom consists of obeying, that is the moral imperative of Volter
de Rousseau. And of all the other enlightened ones, that is to say that the disobedient are completely
unauthorized, well, the stichomitia, what I am saying, Patricio says that Patricio recites, "Everything
you have that is rich, you have that you are stupid, everything that you have that is rich, you have that that is stupid is very curious
Because these verses in principle refer to the clock of jealousy, the clock in principle maintains
a constant rhythm but when it is altered it ticks incorrectly." the hours and causes a destabilization
in time Patricio feels jealous of the presence of Don Juan's Tenorio Tenorio is no
wonder and warns that this is a real danger because he is a powerful person at their weddings who
already deals from the moment in which it arrives from the moment in which it arrives to supplant the figure of
the husband with all the dangers that this entails in a society like that of the century
X where honor is an absolutely fundamental credit, the reputation then
everything you have as rich you have foolish the rich the powerful the stately noble is an
individual who can greatly destabilize the system the same thing that happens in the gentleman
of Olmedo who What happens in Fuente Obejuna, what happens in Peribáñez and the Comendador de Ocaña, above all,
are the conflicts that the Spanish theater of the Golden Age raises in particular, they are
power conflicts between the weak and the Strong. Well, everything that you are rich you are foolish when we
talk about the criticism of the elites that is made explicit especially in the 17th century, we must not forget that
already in the 17th century, excuse me for the Enlightenment, the criticism of the elites, that divorce between the elites
and the town that historians like Roca Varea talk about, we must not forget that already in the 10th century
this fissure was perceived by playwrights like Tirso de Molina, that is, because
the elitists to the members of the nobility of
rich of wealthy of treasured evidently On the one hand but everything that you have of rich
you also have of fools this is I do not want to say that this statement is very current
in the current times each one will know if the subscribe or not And to what extent if for reasons and
resentments etcetera etcetera But this warning is completely fierce The fact
is that Don Juan with all the glibness that Don Juan Tenorio has with all the skills does not virtues
precisely, but yes, bad arts, bad virtues, we could say, he convinces the newly
married woman to leave her new husband and get into bed with him and the husband repudiates
his wife, he manages all this argumentatively. And then he tells Patricio, among
other things, a series of arguments that make him desist from continuing with his marriage at
the same time that he tells the newlywed woman that he promises her a marriage under better
conditions and that therefore separate Divorce, renounce this husband to whom you have been married
for a few hours and take advantage of a speech full of sexist prejudices, full of
openly sexist prejudices that Patricio himself ASSUMES, saying that honor and women are
evils in opinions, that is to say, the more one speaks publicly of women or more
publicly talking about honor that harms both honor and women and really This is
a sexist statement yes it is a sexist statement but at that time it was very accurate I
remember a lived experience This is really lived When I started practicing journalism
, I was very young, I was a college student, even before that, but well, I was, above all,
a college student. On one occasion, interviews were frequently held and some people
said that they had not said exactly that in the interview. It happened to me as
an interviewer and as an interviewee that has always been experienced and sometimes letters were sent to the editor
or they responded to the editorial staff saying, well, I didn't say that exactly or I didn't mean
that. Exactly that has always happened and of course. I was considering I say Well but we will have to respond
to this man and and and in And that journalist whose name I am not going to say because he is still alive
and he was He was a master of journalism he was a very intelligent person as a journalist he said
no There is no way you can respond to anyone that is to say The less one speaks publicly about
a journalist, the better, that is to say, a journalist should never be the subject of news
, the journalist should give news but should never be the object of it, that is to say, he said the same thing
as what this character from Tirso says here is to say that men and women are evils in opinions are
evils in Opinions today, however, things have changed enormously because everyone tries
to become News everyone wants to become an object of publicity, whether for
good or bad, naturally. There are people who consider that there is never
negative publicity other than any form of advertising. It is positive because what matters is that
someone is talked about, even if it is good, even by chance, and it seems to be true in many aspects.
say the idea of credit the idea of public opinion the idea of public reputation has changed
in such a way that H there is no longer any type of caution or negative perception about these
facts another particular issue is that each person has a specific sensitivity
that make it more or less resistant or more or less vulnerable to what is said about it, but the
proliferation and access to communication is so great that practically and people are so naive
that practically everything that is said is known, everything that is said It is known because the first one to
publish it is the one who published it. It means that the sense of discretion has been lost and as a consequence
of that the sense of valuing both the public and the private has also been lost,
but in the Orbu Elian world the circumstances are of this type, so under The
imperative of I do not want to live with deceptions, an imperative very typical of the 15th century and very inappropriate
for our time because today people want to live permanently deceived, people above all,
people want to live deceived, people want to be deceived, the Latin dagio already declared it. he mundus
bul dequi that is to say the world wants to be deceived the world wants to live in deception the world or the
common people want to live in deception permanently the common people and the elite too because in short if we are going to
talk about the self-deception in which the elite lives eh We would be truly surprised,
especially some part of the elite because of course when we talk about the elite, you never
really know who you are talking about or what you are talking about, that is not to say, but the people who
believe they live are very informed and very detailed and who receive newspapers on demand and who live in
a truly isolated world mm it is because in some way their end is much closer than
they imagine but they do not see it The fact is that don Juan works with the prejudice of honor the prejudice
of honor It is something that the villains have very raw, very close to their skin because of course
the villains belong to classes that are mentally inferior and the only thing they can contribute is their
honesty as a pseudo pseudo blazon pseudo noiar in such a way that Don Juan after having deceived the
husband telling him that he should leave his wife because his wife is of dubious reputation eh Don Juan pleases
himself and says with honor I defeated him he says because villains always have their honor
in their hands and always look out for Yes of course we can interpret these statements in the terms
in which that Tirso exposed them or in other terms but what Tirso is saying in this context
is that the villains look more for their own reputation than the elite does, that is,
the elite does not care about their reputation or their credit because How do you have insurance? class,
above the consequences of what it does, can allow itself to incur in illegalities
Without giving any account to absolutely anyone, something that villains cannot do in any way.
Villains live with credit in their teeth, they live with reputation in their teeth, the elites
Not the elites have it, let's say accredited by nature, by nature, it is mental and they do not have
the obligation that is typical of villains to be testifying testifying with constant
attestation is what is the legitimacy of their honor, their credit or their reputation, not that
for so many falsehoods it is good to understand and believe that honor went to the village fleeing
from the cities here it refers again to the fact that the elites live in
urban areas and the villains live in the villages The Villagers, not the elitist citizens, have an
innate reputation and they only have to demonstrate it by appearance, but not
really having it is saying that the elites live pretending to have virtues that they lack,
which is why I say that when people talk in the 17th century about that divorce Already in the Enlightenment of this divorce
between the elites and the people, it must be noted that Tirso de Molina himself already pointed out this
division between the elites and the people already in the 15th century, that is to say that there is not so much
union between the elite and the people, there was not as much Union of the elites among themselves in the 15th century as
it may seem, that is, the conflicts between the Count Duke of Olivares and Tirso de Molina.
Condeduque of Olivares and The Count of Villamediana The Condeduque of Olivares and Quevedo are conflicts
between elites they are conflicts between elites H between between
high-level ecclesiastical and noble estates therefore we cannot when we refer to the elites we cannot consider that
they are part of a monolithic piece, that is, the common people were more monolithic in the 15th century than
they are today. Today, the common people are totally divided by ideologies by ideologies. that they have
completely emulsified it that they have turned it into an instrument of intestinal civil wars
among themselves while the elites do maintain themselves despite their very important differences in
a more compact, more unitive context in which their preservation naturally ensures against
divisions in the that is found today in the lowest social class or the most
popular classes in fact The further we go down in the social class the greater the differences between
human beings And as we ascend the social or economic ladder Financial
the reasons for Union the reasons for convergence reasons for solidarity
the elites among themselves are much more supportive than the Llano people among themselves. In fact, when
a misfortune occurs to the Llano people, the elites are the first to be photographed saying that
they show solidarity with those affected by a misfortune. or by a catastrophe, that is to say that
the elites frequently use other people's catastrophes to say that they are in solidarity with the people
and naturally they do so based on public imagery, advertising icons, and dissemination,
that is, if not If advertising existed, the public image of that solidarity would not have
the same effect, that is to say, but we all know a series of characters who are always going to take a
photo in a certain context. In other words, no, nothing new is said in this, nothing to be ignored. and
it is also very difficult to criticize this because criticizing those attitudes would imply
criticizing the solidarity that those who promote that image claim to exercise, therefore this
is always very daring, very daring to do and in fact it is hardly done it is hardly done
But That doesn't mean that you don't feel or that Don't think there is much more reality than what
is published and much more reality than what is disseminated. The fact is that if this is what he says
to the groom, to the newly married husband, what he says to the newlywed the woman to
sleep with her and simply to make fun of her because this has no other purpose, it is because
he loves her very much that he promises her Well, gold and gold and gold and gold and that they are going to be happy
and eat partridges so way he takes it to the garden So to speak, no, and the Aminta woman
who makes the mistake of being reckless to believe the lies that are told to her despite
resisting the belief, but the danger is much stronger than anything else and
ultimately the seduction despite how strong the danger is, it is even stronger than the danger, that is
, yes, yes, if the danger awakens very powerful senses, seduction awakens
much more powerful senses capable of overshadowing the danger, that is, seduction is much stronger
than the danger. danger and the seduction that Don Juan exercises is much stronger than the dangers to which Don
Juan leads that people do not see, that is, people do not see it. In this case, the
husband has not seen it first and he does not see it. Next, the woman is to say that they are completely deceived, I return
again to quote that famous song that is already forgotten today but famous song by Pachi Andion about the trail,
that is to say, you save your ego in front of your wife and then if we can, we deceive her too, of course,
it is the same situation that occurs here in the Don Juan de Tirso, that is to say, eh, Don Juan makes
Patricio believe that he is going to save his ego in the name of an honor that actually does not exist and then
he also deceives his wife, but he deceives her in a much cruder and much more cruel way, leaving her
in trouble. clearly, eh, there is something more cruel than first being cuckolded and then, well, eh, I don't know how
to lose the reputation of what it was a few hours ago, eh, not your wife, eh, so Aminta comes to
testify at one point about these unhappy weddings. of which she already seems to regret
I don't know what I feel Belisa everything today my Patricio has been bathed in melancholy everything in confusion and
jealousy Look what great misfortune say what a gentleman this is that shamelessness deprives me of my husband
In Spain chivalry has been made these are perhaps the most quoted verses along with how long
you trust me with everything from the orator of Seville by Tirso de Molina The shamelessness In Spain chivalry has been made
this is said it is written in 1619 in 1620, that is, almost a century before the Enlightenment, therefore
we do not have to wait for the Enlightenment for that divisive outbreak to occur, that hiatus,
that terrible Abyss between the nobility and the people to notice that there is an important fact already in
the 10th century, which is that conflict between elites and the common people between Nobility and villainy, it is true
that the relationship between social classes in the 10th century had a very different articulation
than the one it will have in the 17th century. But I insist the people were much more united against the elites
than they are when the people supposedly have power because one of the characteristics
of Democracy is to make the people believe that they have power When in reality the people
have absolutely no power at all They remove or add social benefits of any kind without
the people having any capacity to maneuver at all. In reality, the
only thing the people do is vote from time to time. For political options that are also perfectly
interchangeable with each other because apparently their differences They are very big but really their
differences are null That is to say, they always govern for something that has nothing to do with the interests
of the people who, logically, throw them away. It is a surprising thing, but the truth is what is said
here in these verses: shamelessness. In Spain chivalry has been made, that is to say, the Knights
Who They should have an exemplary virtuous chivalrous life they behave shamelessly
they behave shamelessly that is, this guy enters our weddings, impersonates my new
husband, my de facto husband and takes him away from me. medium and in fact we will end up sleeping with
her Well, this guy breaks into the newlywed's bedroom on their wedding night when
she still doesn't know that her husband has repudiated her, she still doesn't know it And this don Juan, ambassador of himself,
tells her What he says is that your husband no longer loves you and now I am your only reference. Ultimately
and previously, Don Juan is already preparing his escape for dawn and warning
his ad Catalinón of what he has to ensure to leave the door open. leak is to say new treachery
new premeditation as the criminal tries to organize the crime while preserving his immunity This
is what criminal law has to do with, because with the treachery and premeditation so
crowing dead, tomorrow he must emerge from this deception even that is to say the referent is This woman
is not going to die of laughter. This aunt, when tomorrow morning she realizes the mockery that I
am preparing for her, then you will leave me ready for the horses to run out of Seville,
Lebrija, humming for him. Alba is dying to laugh at getting out of this deception tomorrow and it seems that
the onio awaits him in Lebrija with Ana de Uyoa, whom he has outwitted without knowing that she was his fiancée, not because
the king, who has no knowledge of what he governs or of What reigns nor what he manages
has his kingdom in the hands of valid ones The valid one of the kingdom of Castile is precisely the father
of Don Juan Pedro Tenorio or Diego Tenorio Pedro his uncle or Diego his uncle In short, they are valid ones
who manage the government of the territory in which Don Juan moves and therefore he is
completely unpunished so that he lives inul, we would say inul, that is to say unpunished without any type of penalty or
punishment that human justice can exercise. Why Well, because his father and his uncle who are
valid respectively of the government of the kingdom of Naples and the kingdom of Castile, they stop all
the goals that justice can throw, let's say against Don Juan's goal, and this is an
absolute complete litino and he says the choicest mockery of all is this one that salios would like of
all Catalinón says well and he responds, but if my father is the owner of justice, it is the King's privilege,
what are you afraid of? Don Juan himself tells his servant, but let's see what you're afraid of.
You are worried but if the Minister of Justice is my father if the president of the government is my father
if the delegate of the government of the kingdom is my father that is to say the king queen But my father governs is
what he tells him then of course it is doubtful for Tirso de Molina The kingdom of a king who delegates
the political administration of his kingdom to an irresponsible ruler. This is the message that
Tirso de Molina sends in the 10th century. In the 1st century, we are talking about a work from 1630 published
in 1630 written 16192 and performed in Naples, which is one of the places of action in 1625,
supposedly, certainly, without a doubt, before 1625, it was performed in Spain, but notice how they
boast that I do whatever I want because my father is The one who rules in this kingdom
in this Republic in this monarchy because he has the king in his fist and the king does what my father
orders, no. Therefore, if my father is the owner of the justice and it is the privilege of the King, that is, it is
the Prime Minister, it is the president of the government, what are you afraid of, that is, if even the king is ultimately
in the hands of my father, if my father rules, he rules over the King, even because the king,
of course, does not He finds out what reigns, no, he doesn't find out what happens in the Kingdom. My father is the one who
supplants his power. In short, Catalinón continues to warn of those who deprive, God usually takes
revenge, of course. Here is a tremendous criticism of a system of government. that I insist gives to
people unjust and responsible for in fact they say shamelessness. In Spain
chivalry has been made, that is, irresponsible elites. Criticism of the elites is also present
in a good part of the literature and theater of the 10th century, much more so in the 17th century when
the elites are now definitively divorced from the people with the entry of a New Dynasty that
comes from abroad, the foreigner in this case is France, it is the traditional enemy country of
the previous Dynasty of the Austrians because they absolutely try to Spanish disaster
of those who deprive God usually takes revenge if crimes are not punished and
in the game those who watch also lose, that is to say that even those who observe How cheating occurs
in the game and without saying anything are mute witnesses of it. also Accomplices of what
happens And in this sense Catalinón himself blames himself, we will not say he blames himself
because those are two reflexivity that do not apply in Spanish, he blames himself considering
complicit in everything that Don Juan does because Catalinón participates in it and appeals
, let's say, to what today we would call the obedience of life, deferred submission, no. Ultimately, of
course, this is evidently incompatible with rationalism, eh, of a justice that claims to be
equal for all, etc. etc. And from here a very romantic situation is described, very
typical of romanticism, which romanticism is going to recreate in one of the most adulterating figures of
Don Juan, who is Don Juan as a skunk, says the night in black silence the goats already extend
between clusters of stars the highest Pole the goats step on refers
to the constellation of the goats eh in relation to the all good I want to put my deception to
work that is to say always working to deceive the Other than that, I want to put my deception to work,
no, he is not running an electoral campaign, he is living. I simply want to put my deception
to work, love. I am guided by my inclination, of whom there is a man who I know, of whom there is no man who can
resist, I want to get to bed. aminta that is to say goes direct, that is, he tells us dramatically
what he is going to do, it is like the scorpion that cannot stop stinging the
frog even if they are both going to drown, because this one is a deceiver, he is a
pathological mocker and he uses the instruments sexual to make fun of women, not so much to satisfy oneself
sexually, we have already said this, how much to laugh publicly, boast publicly about the
evil things they do, then invoke this Hymn to the night that could be recited huelin, that is to
say, These are the hours mine the hours of the night is a character that romanticism HM HM
can very easily incorporate into its catalog That is to say, in fact Don Juan is one of the characters
that has shone with an inappropriate light in romanticism because Don Juan's own light
It is the light of the Baroque or the or the Baroque tenebrism that romanticism is going to recover very eh Very
damaged it is nothing more than a degenerated version of the Spanish Baroque it is among other things a
degenerated version of the Spanish Baroque Of course the seduction process of Don Juan minta is
dramatized and represented very clearly and it almost seems that we are witnessing a dialogue
of our time, a social network dialogue eh. In this flirtation that is so stupid and so unequal because
here what occurs is a hypogamy, that is to say, it is an impossible hypogamy because in the
golden age it is absolutely impossible for a nobleman to marry a commoner, that
marriage mixture is flatly inconceivable, the nobles marry each other, the commoners marry
each other, today you see how You see, how is this panorama? You don't see how
times have changed simply to preserve certain privileges and Don Juan promises you
love. I'm dying of love for you. I love you so much. I love you. that
I will always love you All these rhetorical things that are a fraudulent use of words because
Of course between the saying and the fact there is a distance and the distance can only be marked by time and the facts,
the facts that over time are revealed. They are consolidating and taking root, the words
mean nothing if they are not accredited if they are not legitimized in the facts But this here promises
promises well promises everything and of course only those who promise the possible convince but this woman is
the prototype is the prototype of a woman who leaves deceive Although she tries to protect herself from
deception because look at the dialectic How can I if it's true that I die How can I How can I avoid
loving you if I die of love she says And she says What a big lie it is to say she doesn't recognize that she's
telling the truth But but come on Let's see how Don Juan tempers all of this, how he tunes the
instrument of seduction until he completely convinces her, says Aminta, listen and you'll know if you want
me to tell you the truth, that women are true friends, she acts very flattering, no. As he says,
You are worth a lot. You are an intelligent person. You are a friend of the truth. You listen to me and I
am going to tell you the truth.
The truth is that from Plato, of course, that is galloping nonsense,
come on, that's like saying and And what the hell does he want you, the truth is, man, but but,
let's see who you are to try to talk about you. The truth is, it's a joke, this is that I I am
more a friend of the truth than of Plato, if the truth existed, would laugh his ass off hearing this
statement of yours, man, that's what, that's the statement of a simple-minded fool who has just
read Plato's phrase and repeats it, humming it up, to show off. This is a seducer.
This is a sophist, the women are friends of Truths, so much so that I am a noble knight. Yes, well,
a Scoundrel, category head of the family of the ancient winners of Seville, my
father, after the King, is revered and esteemed and In the court of his lips hangs death or life,
that is to say, it seems that he is opposing Cedra by reciting his merits, no oo, looking for an
accreditation in one of these national evaluation and seduction agencies, something like that, running down
the road, maybe I'll get to see you. that love guides perhaps the lucky things that he himself forgets about her
vite adoré abrase that is to say this this style so asind totico no de arrived I saw and conquered no vini
vid viik etcetera then vite ad dorete open up one thing is that I love you more than anyone etcetera
then he makes an advertisement for himself that is impressive and aminta is aminta is
already forgotten about Patricio tells her I don't know what to say that your truths are covered up with rhetorical lies that is to
say the Dude has enough knowledge to know that all that language sounds hollow
hollow hollow hollow but she likes it she likes to hear it the seductive euphony no no I don't know what she says that
your truths are covered up with rhetorical lies no she doesn't talk about an electoral campaign no no no
no no no is not he I can promise and I promise no no he can promise And he promises and then he does
nothing but we have gone from the lie that he tells a few verses ago What a big lie to the lie that he tells
Right now I don't know what it says that your truths are covered up with rhetorical lies, that is to say, here it already
recognizes a dialectic in collusion between truth and lies, that is, true facts with false words.
No, because if I am married, as is known with Patricio, the marriage is not absolved here. that
he desists and says Don Juan no no no, since the marriage is not consummated due to deceit or
malice, it can be annulled, that is, this one here already acts as the pontiff Máximo no and says in Patricio, everything
was a simple truth, now well, give me that hand and that will, confirm with it, you are not deceiving me, ask,
she is not deceiving me, you are not deceiving me, eh, look, she looks at me, I don't believe you at all, No, you are not going
to deceive me, and she says mine, deception. It would be, that is, it would be my responsibility. How am I going to deceive? I
am a noble person. I am a gentleman. I am an elite. I am the son of the boss of Spain. How am I going
to deceive you? And she asks for an oath because she swears that you will keep your promised word.
for example the exemplary novel For example, the exemplary novel by Cervantes The
Jealous Extremaduran also the owner María Alonso who guards the poor little girl who was forcibly married by
the force of money for being friends of money the old man Cañizares the jealous old man
tells Loaisa to swear to him that Well, he's going to keep his word, no, then Loisa makes
a completely ridiculous oath and he also makes a completely ridiculous oath because
he doesn't lack language and rhetoric, of course, I swear to this hand, Mrs. Hell of Cold Snow Notes the
baroque contrast the whole topic of renaissance poetry already made baroque How
the theater already mocks the images of gongorina poetry that obeys renaissance winter of
cold snow winter of cold snow to keep your word God swears to curse you if he doesn't "You fulfill it,"
says Aminta, "if you do not fulfill it. And perhaps my word and my faith will fail you. I pray to God that through betrayal
and treachery, a man who, alive, God forbid, will kill me. That is to say, who will kill me." kill a
dead man let a man kill me and in addition dead that I live God forbid that is to say he makes
a cynical oath a false oath In short because he declares one thing and thinks another
the aside is a thought not declared orally that me of death a man A dead man who is
alive, God forbid, opens the ending of the play because who is going to kill Don Juan
In short, it is Don Gonzalo duoa, nothing more ironic, he could not kill him in life and he is going to kill him
after dead that is to say it is an irony metaphysics in which Tirso de Molina resolves the conflict of
the work comes to say that there is no human justice capable of bringing down Don Juan and therefore we only
have Eh well I'm not going to say the only thing we have left is such a thing but we only have We only have God left,
God no, don't do me with love for Tirso de Molina, we only have God left in the approach of the
mocker of Seville, we only have God left, don't think about anything else but this is how Tirso de Molina's thesis is,
we only have is left over God does not speak Tirso de Molina about alternative ideologies not about
alternative ideologies not about alternative energies alternative energy would be metaphysics so
Tirso de Molina proposes a theological metaphysical solution to the limitations of human justice
anthropological justice anthropological rationalism so for Tirso de Molina we only God remains
in such a way that the one who is going to kill Don Juan and definitively put an end to all his mockery and
outrages and injustices and affronts against men and women and against the patriarchy. In short,
it is not himself. patriarchy but it is a soul from the beyond It is a weapon it is a soul that will take shape
Armed physical corporeal stone form to definitively destroy Don Juan and then with this
completely frivolous unfounded oath Aminta says well with that oath I am your
wife and then he Don Juan says how
bad You know the trickster from Seville, that is, Don Juan, vile light
. mocker of Seville And from
here Well, naturally he has sexual relations with this woman and at dawn he
runs away, leaving her totally ridiculous, however, bad times for Don Juan because the different
People who have been insulted have offended both Duke Octavio and the Marquis of La Mota and
the Tisbean fisherwoman and Juana de
Uyoa and the Duchess Isabela. moment
everything that is under his feet because he has lived in the most absolute ignorance, that is, he is a king who
lives in a third semantic world who does not know what is happening in his kingdom because he lives surrounded from
a series of people who do not inform him of what is happening and he is not able to see
for himself Beyond in such a way that eh When he opens his eyes at the end So to speak
he finds a situation that already He cannot counteract when Tisbea comes to demand
justice from the king, he does so through an anode, an anode is a verse that he constantly reiterates
as happens. Well, with Lorca in the elegy for the death of Ignacio Sánchez Mejías, at 5 in the
afternoon it was 5 in the afternoon or in Garcilaso in the eclogue in which it is said go out without Mourning tears
is not saying this verse that is reiterated almost like a chorus constantly says Malaya the woman
whose names are trustworthy says Tisbea Malaya the woman who names trustworthy is to say it is a
completely feminist statement in a time where there was no feminism, not the 10th century, that is,
in a play as crude as Tirso de Molina's where not even the patriarchy can handle
Don Juan Pedro. You think you can handle Don Juan and he is not exactly dead, but the patriarchy can't
handle Don Juan. This fisherwoman is proud of her beauty in front of others but who nevertheless falls
before a newcomer. Don Juan says evil is the woman who trusts in men, that is, she curses. To the
woman who trusts men, that is to say, Tisbea is even more feminist than Pastor Marcela
because Tisbea does know what she speaks badly about. There is a woman who trusts men who has to go
with you, says Isabela. First Tisbea says it, then Isabela says it, they repeat it. They all
join in on that chorus, it seems almost like the motto of a demonstration. Badly, the woman
you name is trustworthy, it's an anode that no, I'm not saying that it should be used on March 8, next March 25. of November
but but come on, Tirso de Molina already said it, hey, he was a man, he was a man and a priest, a friar of
La Merced Malaya, the woman whose name is trustworthy, well, man, not all men are Don Juan, not
all of us Men, we are so bad, there are men who are not like that, yet one of them is Tiso de
Molina who writes this manual to protect himself against figures like Don Juan. In short,
of course, Catalinón himself informs Don Juan of the latest war report and tells him, look, You have
a siege with you eh Because Duke Octavio has already known about Italy's betrayal and the
Marquis of La Mota has falsely accused him of murder after having usurped his identity and
the Marquis of Mota is offended by you. He gives fair complaints and says that the message that you gave him from his cousin was
pretended and disguised and with his cape you undertook the betrayal that has disgraced him. He says that Isabela is coming to
be her husband and says he says, hush, hush, all that is nonsense, deir nonsense, nonsense.
They are truths, I don't ask if they are. When Octavio kills me, I'm dead. I don't have hands. That's also
to say, the guy says he's going to use his resources, but what are his resources? To take advantage of the sacred,
that is, to run away like a coward. And where is he going? the church in the hidden street you have me inn
tells me Yes in the hidden street that is to say hidden the church is Holy Land And then they go to a
church they ref they take refuge in the church because the church as we know was a place where
criminals found reception I'm talking about the 10th century I'm talking about the 10th century the church in a place where
the criminal was welcomed and where justice could not enter, that is, the same church that sponsored
the inquisition, it also served as a place to shelter civil criminals. Churchmen
were no longer going to go into a church so that the church would give them protection after
sponsoring the court of the inquisition, these are contradictions typical of many times and
when they are in the church they find the tomb of the commander of the eh Don Gonzalo of
uyoa what does he speak to them and speaks to them after Don Juan himself challenges him to challenge a dead man
It is a sacrilege and you have to avenge good old stone beard, that is, he makes fun
of him, he does not make him, let's say, eh, mockery and mockery. In short, and he challenges him, he tells him that tonight
for dinner I will wait for you at my inn, there we will make the challenge. If revenge pleases you Although
we can fight badly if your sword is made of stone, that is to say, challenge a dead person, challenge the memory of a dead person
and very romantically I already say that this scene is very used especially by Don Juan de
José skunk
in the
the novel mocker of Seville and
stone guest attends that dinner and reiterates the challenge is heard in the background as a background song as a
background choir the list of all the women implicitly also of the men whom
he Don Juan, those whom Don Juan has deceived and those whom the
fisherwoman has mocked, Duchess Isabela, the villain, eh, Aminta. In short, all these women that Don
Juan has mocked, the harlots of Seville. etc. all of them Well, I laugh at all of them, friend,
on this occasion in Napola, you made fun of Isabela, you made fun of the fisherwoman, you made fun of Doña Ana, of uyoa, etc.
That is to say, there is no regret in a time where repentance It was absolutely
essential to silence her conscience Or at least to pardon her, to forgive her, keep quiet,
there is a party here that wanted to take revenge on her and take revenge, that is, Don't mention Ana de Uyoa that
the father is still around to see if he comes and the father Come, you will fulfill a word for me as a knight,
the Statue tells him, I have honor and I fulfill the words because I am a knight. I am evidently at this point
in the comedy, Don Juan's words have no credit because someone who takes refuge in a church
cannot be a knight. fleeing from justice because he is a coward, what
has always surprised me most is the treatment that literary critics, starting with Américo
Castro, passing through Ortega y Gasset and going through practically everyone, have given to Don Juan. I already
say that the only critic The literary person who has put Don Juan in his place has been Héctor
brioso Héctor brioso from Alcalá University is the only one who has made an edition of Don Juan
Where has he actually put this son of a bitch in his place? Because Don Juan is a guy whose
mother doesn't even appear in the comedy, but he is one of the truly most sinister characters
in universal literature, and in reality I never cease to be surprised by the admiration with which
the majority Some of the literary critics have dealt with Don Juan. Don Juan has been studied more
by men than by women. Women have barely paid attention to it in literature. What
they have done in real life is up to each one of them and I don't care. It matters but if I have to analyze
the words that have dedicated to Don Juan, I insist on Américo Castro and so many other
current and present vainglorious literary critics. Although today no one knows who Américo
Castro was, I am really surprised because they have talked about bravery, heroism,
skill, bravery, Spanishness, they say, hey, but Let's see, you confuse a bullfighter
with this or what are you talking to me about because I really, uh, I'm completely perplexed, or
this catalog of bicherío you present to me as if you were the superman of
Nietzsche, come on, it's just to run, he's not a guy who neither has honor nor has a word
nor has absolutely anything, he has a real pathology for deceiving his neighbor and ruining
his neighbor's life. This is what characterizes Don Juan, a pathological tendency as a narcissist.
who is narcissistic luz velino we have already talked about the triad of narcissism Luzbel ino is
destructive seduction fundamentally destructive seduction the pathology of deception and
doing gratuitous harm to others, that is what this typar intends, nothing else
. And then respect, veneration, the red carpet that literary criticism has
laid out for this guy implies that they have understood absolutely nothing of what Tirso's work is.
de Molina, that is to say, it surprises me how most of the interpreters of literature,
those who have been teachers of our teachers, have done nothing more than interpret literature
in completely idealistic terms and that is due above all to the bloody Enlightenment that
It is due above all to the terrible influence that the European and European Enlightenment had. Regarding
the values of the Baroque, most of the interpreters of Spanish literature of the
golden age have interpreted it the other way around. The idealists consider that Don Quixote is a work in favor of
the idealists when Don Quixote only shows that idealism leads to failure.
The interpreters of Don Juan have exalted Don Juan as if he were a reference of individualism
above a lot of qualities when in reality he is a narcissist Luzbel terrible and
evil thing that is incompatible with the survival and political rationalism of any
human society, that is, they have understood the golden age in terms of enlightenment and in terms of romanticism. And
in that way it is impossible to go anywhere in reality. When the statue of the commander kills
Don Juan says This is the justice of God who makes such pay that is to say in the face of the impotence of
human justice all we have left is God from the point of view of Tirso de Molina eh naturally
Cervantes is incompatible with a outcome of this nature you will not find in all of
Cervantes literature an outcome where metaphysics takes the initiative to solve a
problem or to generate it. For this reason we have always spoken of Cervantes being an atheist, that is
, we have spoken of the atheism of Cervantes Cervantes' literature is a deicidal literature
Tirso's literature not for Tirso we only have God left for Cervantes there is no god left literally
speaking for Cervantes there is no god left from nomancia in 1580 to persiles in posthumous work
1617 Cervantes dies in 1616 let's not talk about works like Don Quixote eh oo cu or each and
every one of the 12 exemplary novels including Aunt Inida if it is by Cervantes also
that possibly it is possibly it is that is to say that this is the justice of God who such
makes such a pab that is to say the forgiveness of God is not compatible with human rationalism but
is that human forgiveness is incompatible with divine power, that is, human indulgence
is here absolutely incompatible with divine power, which cannot allow an individual of
this nature to circulate freely protected by human justice protected by
a monarchy that He is unaware of what is happening in the kingdom over which he reigns and protected
by an administrator of Justice who, instead of being fair, is the most Unjust thing there is Because
he allows an absolutely intolerable disaster of injustices. In short, therefore, for Tirso
de Molina, we are only God remains for Cervantes, there is not even a god left for us. That is the big difference
between an atheist like Cervantes, author of Don Quixote, and a religious person like Tirso de Molina, author of a
theater that places hope in metaphysics. In short, more Later, Calderón himself will say that
there is no more justice than God, there is no more fortune than God, yes Calderón will say that there is no more fortune
than God, but the person who grabs the Captain who raped his daughter is Pedro Crespo, not any
Angel or any cherub or any Seraph. descended from the heavenly court then be very careful about
paying attention exclusively to a work of a writer because to know the thoughts
of a writer it is necessary to have read a lot of his literary catalog and know where we got to
In each of the cases The fact is that finally The play closes with the intervention of Catalinón,
who appears on stage as if he were a faraute, an ancient messenger, and gives a narrative account
of what has happened, that the Statue H killed has avenged Don Juan and that therefore all of them are
free of commitments. and the previously established marital relations can be restored
in such a way that everyone returns to the place where they were now. The king,
aware of everything, says there is such great shamelessness, arrest him later and kill, yes, but at a good time.
green sleeves that were called not green sleeves because they were the sleeves that the gang members had
holy brotherhood that whenever they arrived they arrived late I speak of the holy brotherhood not of other
forces of public order Holy brotherhood green sleeves at good hours green sleeves in such a way
that this is how the play ends In short we are not going to entertain ourselves anymore in this this way we have given
end of this series of videos dedicated to Don Juan and we make it very clear that the Spanish golden age and
in particular the theater of Tirso de Molina, being a religious theater, recognizes the impotence of
human powers to counteract injustice and represents a The invocation of metaphysics and
religion to try to solve these unjust problems is clearly distinguished from Cervantes, who
does not trust in any power. Cervantes does not trust in any religious or metaphysical power to
solve human problems. Cervantes demands greater involvement and understanding from human beings.
greater responsibility in political problems and completely discards religion
as a solution, however, Tirso faces the impotence of human rationalism. Yes, he appeals to religion.
Each of you can choose the option you want. Obviously, it is no secret. I am
totally at this point. Cervantino, but I have explained to you what Tirso de Molina thinks. For me,
what Tirso de Molina thinks is a toast to the sun. Obviously, what human beings
cannot solve, no God can solve, and obviously it is very true that the success
of Don Juan depends above all, not so much for the women that today he may or may not be able to
seduce or conquer, but above all for the success that electorally speaking a don Juan is capable
of exercising today, the don Juan is no longer basically in flirting, he is essentially in the democracy
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