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Cognitive Shortcuts | Saylor Academy | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: Cognitive Shortcuts
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Summary
Core Theme
Cognitive biases are mental shortcuts our brains use to process information subjectively and efficiently, often to avoid the discomfort of conflicting beliefs or ideas, as exemplified by the theory of cognitive dissonance.
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the study of cognitive biases tells us
that we process information subjectively
sometimes to the extent that our
perceptions get distorted clouding
simple and objective facts like the
amount of violations in a football match
having cognitive biases is in many case
very effective and healthy phenomenon
because people simply cannot handle
balance processing of all input can you
imagine being conscious all the time of
all your senses you will probably be
overwhelmed in seconds therefore it's
create that our mind is able to
subconsciously make all of these
processing decisions although it may be
inclined to see biases as limitations we
could also view them as cognitive
shortcuts since they speed up
information processing perhaps the best
known theory about cognitive biases it's
a theory of cognitive dissonance
cognitive dissonance is a theory from
psychology that explains how people
handle conflicting feelings IDs or
beliefs I will explain with an example
Roger feels he is a well-read
intellectual his friends start talking
about the classic book war and peace
everyone has read it except Roger the
belief that he is a well-read
intellectual clashes with the fact that
he is the only one among his friends who
hasn't read this classic the theory
predicts that Roger will try to avoid
the discomfort of his cognitive
dissonance and he can do this in three
ways first of all by making one of the
discordant factors less important
secondly by adding new elements to his
beliefs that make the picture fit or in
other words create consonants and
thirdly and finally by changing one of
the clashing factors so to avoid
cognitive dissonance Roger could say
well who cares if I'm well-read it's not
that important or
not having read one classic hardly makes
me illiterate or he could create
consonants by adding new elements to his
beliefs for instance by thinking that
being an intellectual he obviously hangs
out with other well-read intellectuals
it's therefore not surprising that his
friends have already read the classic
finally he could change his view either
by thinking apparently I'm not that well
read or thinking Warren peece is
actually greatly overestimated as a work
of literature the theory explains how
people balance their beliefs with
reality sometimes this can lead to
enormous opinion changes the classic
example of this is the fable of the Fox
and the grapes by a sob in the English
translation driven by hunger of hawks
tried to reach some grapes hanging high
on the vine but was unable to although
he leaped with all his strength as he
went away the folks remarked oh you
aren't even ripe yet I don't need any
sour grapes Aesop sums up the moral of
the story people who speak the sponge
Lee of things they cannot attain would
do well to apply the story to themselves
the clocks had clearly reduced cognitive
dissonance by changing his beliefs which
was the third option and deciding that
the grave she had crave before were
actually sour on a side note this is
also the origin of the expression sour grapes
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