0:09 Lucifer be
0:11 elub the Beast
0:13 Beast
0:16 Satan hail
0:20 Satan when you say Satan to me I think
0:23 God he has been called many names he has
0:27 taken many strange and different
0:31 forms the idea of God's evil enemy has
0:32 been around for thousands of [Music]
0:34 [Music]
0:37 years and it's still as powerful as
0:47 opposed but where did Satan's Story
0:51 begin where did he come from and how did
1:24 more than 3,000 years ago in the deserts
1:26 and pasture lands of the Middle East
1:28 unknown hands wrote the earliest
1:31 chapters of the Hebrew Bible
1:34 bble if the devil had a birthplace
1:36 surely it was here somewhere in the book
1:40 known to Christians as the Old
1:42 Testament in the oldest books of the
1:45 Bible a character called Satan does
1:48 appear but he's nothing like the Satan we
1:49 we
1:51 imagine when we read the Old Testament
1:53 we find that from time to time there is
1:56 this strange dark figure who pops up
1:58 called the Satan this the word the Satan
2:01 is actually uh a title the word means
2:05 the accuser and to begin with it seems
2:08 that the Satan is one of the Angels or
2:11 attendants in the Heavenly Court one of
2:15 God's servants who in a sense um had to
2:17 do some of the Dirty
2:21 Work This Satan has no power of his own
2:24 he does only what God tells him nor is
2:26 he a horrible creature with horns and a
2:28 tail there's no kind of Prince of
2:31 Darkness somebody who stands in opposite
2:33 to God throughout most of the texts
2:36 there's no concept at all of an evil
2:39 force one of Satan's earliest
2:41 appearances is as an angel in the Book of
2:46 Job in one of the best known stories in
2:50 the Bible Satan argues that job one of
2:52 God's most loyal servants is only Pious
2:59 life God agrees that Satan can test job
3:01 by inflicting on him all kinds of
3:07 calamities in the end in spite of
3:10 dreadful sufferings job continues to
3:18 argument the Satan who makes job's life
3:22 a misery isn't a demon or even a bad
3:26 Angel and he doesn't live in
3:29 hell there wasn't any kind of concept of
3:30 a hell
3:32 like we have you know a place of fiery
3:34 torment and torture in fact to the
3:37 ancient Israelites what happened when he
3:39 died was really very little you went to
3:41 a place called shaol and this was just a
3:43 sort of dark shadowy place a sort of
3:46 Underworld where everybody who died went
3:50 irrespective of whether you were good or
3:53 bad so where is the Satan we know
3:56 where's the fiend who's eternally at war
3:58 with the forces of good the monster who
4:00 rules over the flame of hell and
4:03 punishes Sinners where is the Fallen
4:06 Angel with his Legions of demon helpers
4:09 tempting humans to do evil things so
4:12 that he can win their
4:14 souls if the traditional devil doesn't
4:17 come from the Jewish Old Testament where
4:24 from since human history began people
4:26 all over the world have believed in
4:29 demons and evil spirits a few share some
4:32 traits with our devil like horns or a
4:35 beard but none are as powerful as
4:37 Satan so where did people first get the
4:45 being 3 and a half thousand years ago in
4:48 ancient Persia where Syria Iraq and Iran
4:51 are now there were many gods good and
4:55 evil until one man a religious teacher
4:57 called zoroaster reduced the whole
5:00 complicated cast of characters to
5:03 too zoraster is a revolutionary
5:07 primarily because he in one sense
5:09 personifies these ethical categories
5:14 into a good god auru Mazda and a bad God
5:17 aan and this is an extremely potent idea
5:20 and one which forms the basis for later
5:23 conceptions of dualistic thought in
5:25 other words the separation between good and
5:27 and
5:30 evil the good God is the all knowing
5:34 Aura Mazda the God of Light and
5:38 order the evil God is ahan God of chaos
5:46 lives in Zoro asra's teachings the
5:48 universe is a battlefield between the
5:51 gods of Good and Evil and every person
5:57 sides after death good people are
5:59 rewarded in heaven while Sinners are
6:07 hell it is one of those ultimate rather
6:10 attractive kinds of dualism uh that this
6:13 life is a struggle between good and evil
6:16 therefore choose good between light and
6:18 darkness therefore choose
6:21 light under the powerful Persian Emperor
6:23 Darius the great the teachings of
6:25 zoroaster become the official religion
6:27 of the Persian Empire an Empire which
6:31 includes the lands of Israel
6:33 the new Persian ideas about Good and
6:36 Evil soon find their way into the Jewish
6:39 scriptures so we get a clear demarcation
6:41 of what we would call Jewish Ideas okay
6:43 and we can spot the zarrian ideas in the
6:45 Old Testament they are there Notions of
6:47 Heaven and Hell okay the beginning of
6:51 actually seeing the devil personified as
7:05 as the Persian Empire in turn is
7:07 defeated by Alexander the Great Greek
7:16 Israel the Greeks introduce a huge cast
7:17 of gods and
7:19 goddesses including one who will shape
7:28 centuries Hades has a black face or
7:31 black beard
7:34 he sits on a throne often made of Ebony
7:37 and he wields a two-pronged fork not for
7:40 prodding Sinners but for blasting things to
7:41 to [Music]
7:43 [Music]
7:46 bits to the classical Greeks the
7:50 underworld was ruled by Hades who was
7:52 the god of the dead he was one of the
7:54 Olympian gods but he seems to spent most
7:56 of his time in this dark shadowy
7:59 underworld which is also called Hades
8:01 now he wasn't a very nice character he
8:02 seems to have been very morbid and
8:04 morose and nobody really liked him none
8:06 of the Gods liked him and certainly no
8:09 humans liked him Hades wasn't very
8:12 likable but he wasn't evil
8:15 either in fact the ancient Greeks see
8:17 Hades as a God of
8:19 Justice they believe that when people
8:22 die they go to Hades and he decides
8:24 whether they go to a place of happiness
8:33 as ruler of the world underground Hades
8:36 is also the god of wealth and
8:40 abundance in a dim memory of Hades
8:42 people have believed for centuries that
8:49 rich as well as the brooding character
8:52 of Hades the Greeks give the world
8:54 another familiar ingredient of the devil's
8:56 devil's
8:59 story in a famous myth Zeus the GRE
9:01 greatest of the Gods defeats the winged
9:04 serpent Typhon and throws him down to
9:11 underworld over the following centuries
9:14 the myth grows into the story of how the
9:17 angel Satan Rebels against God and is
9:23 followers Satan's allies the Fallen
9:37 when we think of hell we think of fire
9:39 lava and sinners being horribly
9:43 tortured but where did this picture come
9:46 from the underworld of Hades doesn't
9:49 have fire but ancient Jerusalem
9:52 does when we read the gospels we come
9:55 upon Jesus uh warning people that there
9:57 is this dangerous fate that might await
9:59 them and it's called gehenna which was
10:01 the old smoldering rubbish sheep in
10:03 ancient Jerusalem and because of the
10:05 stink of the place and because there was
10:06 so much in the way of rubbish
10:09 periodically it was set fire to and the
10:11 fires there would burn for several days
10:12 if not
10:14 weeks gehenna was the place where the
10:17 Jerusalem authorities burned the bodies
10:22 criminals over time the place came to
10:24 stand for something
10:27 Supernatural a spiritual fate that would
10:31 await the Wicked at the end of time
10:33 gehenna was the inspiration for the
10:44 Hell by the time the Christian gospels
10:47 are written towards the end of the first
10:50 century ad Satan has grown into a powerful
10:56 figure by now Jewish lands are ruled by
10:59 the mighty Roman Empire it was a time
11:01 when the Romans were hated
11:03 bitterly to many Jews and Christians
11:06 persecuted by Rome Satan is the evil
11:13 throne in the New Testament book of
11:16 Revelation the writer gives Satan one of
11:21 his most mysterious names the Beast
11:24 666 the Beast could refer to the Roman Emperor
11:25 Emperor
11:28 himself the author of Revelation says
11:31 that the Beast has a human number and
11:34 it's 666 now this is traditionally been
11:36 seen as um a reference to the emperor
11:40 Nero and that's because if you take Nero
11:43 Caesar in Aramaic and count up the
11:45 numerical values of um those letters it
11:54 666 the Book of Revelation says that the
11:56 devil was sent down by God into the
11:58 abyss where he will be locked up for a
12:02 thousand years years when he gets out
12:04 the end of the world will come an
12:06 apocalyptic battle will take place as
12:09 good and evil fighted out to the
12:12 end Satan will be let loose and will put
12:15 up a final attempt to um to rule the
12:18 world this is kind of the the dragon of
12:21 chaos back again this is evil opposed to
12:23 God so it's drawing on very very ancient
12:26 cosmological speculation not so much
12:28 from Judaism itself but from the
12:35 Persians so what does the devil look
12:38 like at the dawn of the Christian
12:41 era often he's got black skin and hair
12:45 like Hades ruler of the
12:47 underworld his wings Echo the story that
12:50 he was once an angel although they look
12:52 more like the wings of a dragon for
12:55 thousands of years the dragon was the
12:57 symbol of an evil
13:00 force and it's from the dragon that
13:10 feet when Satan isn't being a dragon
13:11 he's a
13:14 snake the serpent said to have tempted
13:16 Eve in the Garden of Eden has long been
13:19 believed to represent the devil although
13:23 the scriptures don't actually say
13:26 so in fact Christian leaders disagree
13:28 sometimes violently about what the devil
13:30 is like
13:32 but one thing they do agree on he is
13:35 busy working with and through their [Music]
13:38 [Music]
13:41 enemies four centuries after Christ a
13:43 Roman emperor Constantine the Great
13:49 Christianity within a generation the
13:51 once persecuted religion is the official
13:55 Creed of the mightiest Empire on
13:58 Earth Christian Bishops now have real
14:02 power backed up by the state and they
14:04 use Satan to help them keep
14:08 it again and again church leaders claim
14:10 that those who disagree with them
14:12 especially other Christian groups are
14:15 working for the devil as Constantine
14:18 made it the state religion and the state
14:21 church and an established religion what
14:25 Constantine and his immediate successors
14:30 found hardest to put up with was heresy
14:32 Catholic theologians would have said
14:34 that because Heretics didn't believe the
14:37 correct Catholic faith they must be
14:46 enemy the logic is Relentless it's us
14:49 and them if you're not with the church
14:52 and the Empire you're with
14:54 Satan it's a short step for the church
14:57 to demand that Heretics be put to
15:01 death the first exec utions come 450
15:03 years after Christ over the following
15:06 centuries the numbers of people killed
15:08 for supposedly working for Satan grows
15:15 thousands under the protection of the
15:17 Roman Empire the Christian religion
15:20 grows quickly but the Bishops worry that
15:24 the pagan gods are far too
15:27 popular thousands of Romans still prey
15:29 to the winged goddess Fortuna the
15:30 bringer of
15:33 luck but the most popular Pagan God of
15:35 all is
15:37 pan Christian leaders see him as a
15:44 discredited let's think of the case of
15:49 pan and uh in Arcadia and he becomes um
15:51 a sort of demon whereas he was actually
15:54 a very benign God of music and happiness
15:56 and love making and altogether to be
16:00 admired but becomes a a goat Legg demon
16:04 satire in the the later christianized
16:06 versions of
16:10 it Satan now adopts Pan's best known
16:13 features he becomes an ugly learing
16:20 head his body is hairy and he has pans
16:22 clove and Hooves although sometimes he
16:30 dragon so at landish has he become that
16:38 belly one of the greatest thinkers of
16:41 the early Christian Church is St
16:43 Augustine Augustine is Keen to show that
16:50 demons according to Augustine male
16:53 demons called incubi appear to women at
17:01 even more disturbing for Augustine
17:03 saintly men could be visited in their
17:06 beds by female demons called succubi and
17:09 forced to do sinful things against their
17:13 will when during The Long Dark Hours
17:16 their frustrated Minds produced all
17:20 sorts of sexual visions and erotic
17:24 pictures uh they had to expel these from
17:26 their minds well how on Earth could this
17:30 have come into my my Pious self at mind
17:33 it isn't me this is an entity this is
17:45 Evil by the Middle Ages after a thousand
17:47 years of Christian teaching the church
17:49 has persuaded its followers that the
17:52 devil and his demons are real and that
17:55 Satan is a powerful
17:58 enemy the problem is that some
17:59 Christians take the the idea a lot
18:01 further than the Bishops
18:05 want some branches of Christianity did
18:08 see the world itself as created not So
18:12 Much by Satan but by a a lesser evil God
18:14 and so for them of course everything to
18:17 do with with the world with matter with
18:20 human flesh was seen in in negative
18:23 terms we do find the emergence of
18:25 something called gnosticism Gnostic
18:27 Christians carried with them this very
18:30 clear notion of of a good God and a bad
18:33 God there's the good God who created
18:35 everything spiritual and there's the
18:38 evil God who created everything physical
18:40 which means that everything that you can
18:43 see or touch or sense with any of the
18:44 five senses is actually coming from the evil
18:49 God one group which is taking
18:52 enthusiastically to the Gnostic idea of
18:59 France to the cathars all material
19:03 possessions are evil and belong to the
19:05 devil for a church now wealthy and
19:08 Powerful this is an uncomfortable even dangerous
19:15 teaching the common people loved and
19:18 admired them called them leonam because
19:21 they were healers when the cers went
19:24 around doing good as they most certainly
19:26 did feeding the poor and Healing The
19:29 Sick So they were teaching people to
19:32 avoid marriage to avoid procreation
19:33 because all you will do if you have a
19:37 family is to bring that new child into
19:41 this decadent evil physical world where
19:49 spirituality if you were cist then you
19:52 were actually in League with Satan to
19:56 question the church was to question
19:59 God Pope Innocent thir and announced a
20:01 crusade against the cathars he tried to
20:03 convert them back to Catholicism that
20:04 hadn't worked the only thing he could do
20:06 now was kill
20:09 them The Crusade against the cathars
20:12 launched in 129 turns into a brutal
20:17 45-year War at least 100,000 people die
20:19 partly for saying that Satan is even
20:33 The Crusade against the cathars is
20:36 against fellow Christians but for almost
20:38 two centuries the Crusades are mostly
20:40 about fighting Islam for control of the Middle
20:42 Middle
20:45 East in medieval Europe Islam is seen as
20:52 devil Muslims too are quick to claim
20:54 their enemies are in League with the evil
20:55 evil
20:58 one in the Quran Muslims are in
21:00 instructed to fight against non-muslims
21:03 because they are friends of
21:06 Satan both sides inheriting the ancient
21:09 beliefs of the Persians see the world as
21:12 divided into good and evil justifying
21:20 Conquest the Crusades leave a Sinister
21:23 Legacy in the middle of the campaign
21:26 Pope Gregory V 9th founds the
21:29 Inquisition controlled by the Dominican
21:32 order of Friars the inquisition's job is
21:35 to find Heretics and hand them over to
21:36 local princes for
21:40 punishment the Inquisition gave people
21:43 plenty to be frightened of it gave them
21:45 the fires of Hell to be frightened of
21:47 and it gave them in a more immediate
21:50 sense the Inquisition itself they had
21:53 the right to arrest that person without
21:54 telling them who'd accused them or
21:56 indeed what they were accused
21:59 of the accused are guilty until found
22:02 innocent and can be held for as long as
22:04 the authorities
22:07 want anyone who questions the
22:09 Inquisition is immediately suspected of
22:16 devil in the fight against Satan and the
22:19 powers of evil medieval rulers believe
22:23 that as in any War information is
22:26 vital up till now the church has not
22:27 officially allowed Christians to be tortured
22:29 tortured
22:31 although torturing Jews and Muslims is
22:35 acceptable but in May 1252 Pope Innocent
22:38 IV rules that Christians suspected of
22:41 heresy can be tortured until they
22:43 confess they are working for the devil
22:45 and inform on co-conspirators once
22:47 you've set up a debate that defines
22:49 somebody as a Satanist as as a servant
22:52 of Satan then you have put them in a
22:55 position where you can do what you want
22:57 to them because you are justified by
22:59 working for the forces of
23:02 good generally once somebody had been
23:04 accused of heresy there was no way they
23:06 could clear themselves no matter what
23:08 they said because they were a heretic
23:10 therefore in League with the devil
23:11 therefore anything they said was like to
23:13 be a
23:16 lie but the torturers can't do whatever
23:19 they please they are supposed to follow strict
23:20 strict
23:23 guidelines in theory and according to
23:24 Pope Innocent 4 in this middle of the
23:28 13th century torture should be limited
23:31 it should not draw blood it should not
23:34 lead to Serious permanent damage to the
23:37 person who's being tortured in practice
23:39 these regulations are not always
23:41 followed but there's also something
23:44 which the psychologists would refer to
23:48 as a rationalization process that it
23:50 could all be very well for them to say
23:52 oh yes we are trying to save your
23:54 Immortal Soul we're trying to keep you
23:56 out of hell we're trying to prevent the
23:58 devil from getting you and what the they
24:07 farm all over Europe the new powers
24:09 supposed to be used against Satan are
24:12 used by the unscrupulous to seize wealth
24:14 or to do down their
24:18 enemies in 1307 King Philip the fair of
24:20 France brings witchcraft charges against
24:22 the leaders of the Knights Templar the
24:28 Crusaders Philip accuses the Templar are
24:31 worshiping a pagan Idol called baffet a
24:34 supposedly satanic
24:37 figure the Templars have been involved
24:39 in the Middle East in negotiations with
24:41 Muslims and some people in Western
24:43 Europe thought they had a Le league with
24:45 the Muslims and because the Muslims
24:48 everybody knew in inverted commas were
24:50 involved in Magic there is therefore a
24:52 hint that perhaps the Templars were
24:54 involved in Magic
24:57 too they were attacked and largely
25:00 destroyed on Friday the 13th of October in
25:01 in
25:05 1307 sealed orders given by Philip Lael
25:09 to his Cals to attack every Templar stronghold
25:11 stronghold
25:13 simultaneously ever since the purge of
25:15 the Templars Friday the 13th has been
25:19 seen as an unlucky day somehow connected
25:32 in 1320 the war against Satan is wound
25:34 up another
25:37 notch Pope John the 22nd orders the
25:39 Inquisition to Target any kind of
25:46 necromancy a big worry is that
25:48 unscrupulous priests who know how to
25:50 drive out Devils with the rights of
25:53 exorcism might instead use exorcism to
25:54 invite the devil
25:59 in formulas Latin formulas and rituals
26:02 which can be used to command the demon
26:05 now once you've got a Latin formula that
26:08 has power to command a Deon I could use
26:10 that to command a demon to do my washing
26:12 up you know I could use that power to
26:14 command a demon to get this woman I
26:16 fancy into bed the necromancers are
26:19 interested in using the formula of
26:21 exorcism to command demons to do other
26:23 things that they are interested in you
26:25 know a demon could make me Rich a demon
26:29 could find some hidden treasure for me
26:31 fear that necromancers and witches are
26:34 all around curing up demons and making
26:43 Europe one of the first cases
26:45 investigated by the Inquisition is in
26:52 Kilkenny in 1324 in a dispute over
26:54 inheritance one of the richest women in
26:57 the town Dame Alice CA is accused of witchcraft
26:58 witchcraft
27:01 heresy and of having a Demon Lover called
27:03 called
27:06 Robin Alice cayor a landowner in
27:11 Kilkenny who had several husbands so her
27:13 stepchildren bought a charge against her
27:15 that she'd poisoned her previous
27:18 husbands in order to obtain the land and
27:20 she' poisoned or killed them otherwise through
27:21 through [Music]
27:22 [Music]
27:25 witchcraft Alice manages to escape to
27:28 England her unfortunate servant pet
27:31 Trella is tortured and burned at the [Music]
27:33 [Music]
27:37 stake the campaign against necromancers
27:41 Sorcerers and witches lasts 300 years
27:44 and kills between 60,000 and 300,000
27:46 300,000
27:49 people the vast majority of the victims are
27:54 women women were thought of as being
27:57 more prone to the devil more likely to
27:59 sin more like to be led astray they were
28:01 also thought to be less intellectual
28:05 than men women were seen as closer to
28:07 animals and part of this was that they
28:09 were more susceptible to Temptation that
28:13 they were more easily seduced by material
28:19 gratification as the Inquisition goes
28:21 about its Grizzly business rounding up
28:24 suspects and interrogating them many
28:26 clerics and lay people worry that it's
28:28 all guesswork
28:30 perhaps they're missing even more
28:31 witches than they're
28:34 finding but how can you tell who is one
28:36 of Satan's
28:41 helpers what you need is a standard
28:45 test in 1486 two German Dominican monks
28:47 publish a textbook for inquisitors
28:49 called malus
28:56 witches the book contains a clever Catch
29:00 22 not only is witchcraft heresy not
29:03 believing in witches is heresy as well
29:07 malas malarum was the manual the how to
29:10 get rid of all these demonic fleas that
29:13 had infested a human being it was a book
29:18 of what witches were what witches did
29:21 malus maleficarum tells The Inquisitor
29:23 everything he needs to
29:26 know witches have the mark of Satan on
29:29 their bodies a birth mark or a
29:32 wart they can fly by rubbing magical
29:35 Herms on their skin and they gather at
29:38 Satan worshipping ceremonies called
29:41 sabbaths at these they celebrate a
29:44 twisted version of the Christian Mass
29:45 kissing the devil's rear end in a
29:48 Blasphemous Act of
29:51 homage certainly there was a fear at
29:54 that time which was why malus malarum
29:57 sold so many copies and ran through so
30:07 print 30 years after malas maleficarum
30:09 was written Martin Luther leads the
30:11 Protestant Reformation splitting the
30:14 Christian church in
30:18 two each faction Protestant and Catholic
30:20 claims the other is in League with the
30:23 evil one both sides use malas
30:25 maleficarum to find
30:27 satanists and not just in order to
30:29 destroy them
30:32 witch hunting is a kind of scientific
30:36 Quest the idea is if you can understand
30:39 witches and the devil you can fight
30:42 them the whole business of witch hunting
30:43 is is it's almost a sort of intellectual
30:45 research project I need to gather a bit
30:47 more data about you know what what
30:50 demons do so I'm going to interrogate a
30:51 few more witches to get a bit more data
30:52 and then I'm going to write it up in my
30:55 book The Cutting Edge of scientific inquiry
31:01 right across Europe hysteria about Satan
31:09 alike in Scotland James V 6th one of the
31:12 best educated Kings in Europe is so
31:14 caught up in the craze he writes a book
31:17 about the devil and
31:19 Witchcraft called
31:22 demonology James book sets up to prove
31:25 that Satan worshipping witches are
31:27 everywhere and that they are the gravest
31:29 threat to the SEC security of the [Music]
31:31 [Music]
31:35 state he surrounded himself uh with
31:38 advisors and mainly religious advisers
31:41 who would protect him from the demons
31:44 that he feared so much he saw it
31:47 everywhere well James was certainly um
31:49 quite militant about this he thought he
31:55 war even as James leads the fight
31:58 against the devil and the forces of evil
32:05 crown James can always point to the
32:08 figure of Satan and say if it weren't
32:16 place although this is quite frightening
32:18 uh it's also in a way quite gratifying
32:21 for James one of the witches who was
32:24 interrogated um was asked why is the
32:28 devil attacking our King and the witch
32:30 who was confessing allegedly answer this
32:32 is this is what was recorded anyway in
32:35 her confession um you the devil is doing
32:38 this because King James is the greatest
32:51 [Music]
32:54 world when the new world of the Americas
32:57 is colonized by Europeans the devil
33:02 the Puritan colonists who arrived from
33:05 England in the late 1600s are strong
33:08 Believers in the power of Satan they're
33:10 convinced that everyone who isn't a
33:13 Puritan is controlled by the devil and
33:15 that women are especially susceptible to Satan's
33:18 Satan's
33:20 Powers they had established what might
33:23 be called Puritan communities and we're
33:26 looking to build a great example for the
33:28 rest of Christendom if you were enjoying
33:30 yourself or if a group of you were
33:33 singing or dancing or having a drink
33:36 then those who were opposed to that kind
33:38 of fun were quite certain that Satan was
33:42 filling the glasses for
33:46 you in 1688 in Boston an Irish laundry
33:48 woman called Mary Glover is accused of
33:51 bewitching the children of one of her
33:54 customers proof of her pack with the
33:57 devil includes several rag dolls found
34:01 in her house Mary Glover was Irish and a
34:04 servant her first language was gaic and
34:07 one of the tests to prove that you
34:10 weren't a witch was to speak the Lord's
34:13 Prayer the linguistic difficulties meant
34:15 that she couldn't speak the Lord's
34:16 Prayer without his they saw it
34:30 1688 3 years after Mary Glover is hanged
34:32 less than 20 miles away at Salem
34:34 Massachusetts the testimony of three
34:41 execution some of the children were said
34:44 to be possessed by Spirits sent from the
34:46 witches and so when they were standing
34:49 witness they were effectively they were
34:57 possessed in the Salem Witch Hunt 150
34:58 people are
35:01 arrested 19 men and women are hung or
35:10 prison in an ironic Twist of the story
35:13 The Salem jury later apologize blaming
35:25 mistake by the 1700s the witch craze in
35:28 America and Europe is almost over
35:31 a new more scientific view of the world
35:34 is gaining ground modernism as the
35:35 project that we get from the 18th
35:38 century Enlightenment actually banished
35:40 religion Superstition and all of that
35:42 and just said that that belongs to the
35:44 Dark Ages we are now in the modern world
35:45 we believe in facts we believe in
35:47 science and if you want to be religious
35:49 that's a private option which you can go
35:51 and practice somewhere
35:54 else although the witch hunts have ended
35:56 and the educated classes of Europe and
35:58 America even start to question whether
36:01 the devil exists in the folk tales of
36:04 Ordinary People Satan lives
36:07 on but he's very different from the
36:09 formidable and terrifying devil of the witch
36:14 finders one of my own favorites is that
36:17 of Dunston who was a very powerful
36:20 blacksmith the devil arrives and asks to
36:23 have his shoes replaced and he simply
36:25 gets hold of his nose with two red hot
36:29 tongs and throws him out and that is a
36:31 very very different devil that's a devil
36:38 place by now the devil has shed some of
36:40 his ugliness and crude
36:43 habits in fact he's often a member of
36:45 the decadent
36:48 aristocracy he's a handsome gentleman
36:50 dressed in fine clothes and mixing in fashionable
36:53 fashionable
36:56 company like Hades the Greek god of the
36:58 underworld and the Satan of the ancient
37:01 Gnostic heresies this Satan controls the
37:05 material world of wealth power and
37:09 sex he can give all these things to you
37:15 soul the most famous of all devil
37:19 folktales is the story of
37:22 fa the devil in the form of the clever
37:24 and devious mephistophiles offers to
37:27 Grant fa all his wishes but but there's a
37:28 a
37:30 price one of the things that many
37:33 necromancers or people using necromantic
37:35 spells are interested in is how to get
37:36 women into bed f is very interested in
37:38 that and he gets all kinds of women
37:46 Troy fa's bargain with the devil ends in
37:49 disaster for fa mephistophiles calls in
37:53 his debt and Fa dies
37:55 horribly the devil takes him away to
38:09 as the power of religion Fades and the
38:12 age of popes and Kings gives way to the
38:13 age of Revolution and
38:21 scene this devil is utterly different
38:24 from the treacherous fiend of Christian
38:27 tradition he is a tragic and lonely figure
38:28 figure
38:30 a hero battling against tyrannical
38:32 Authority in the shape of a cruel and overbearing
38:42 God Satan is now a brave and handsome
38:45 Rebel and so you get the kind of
38:48 romantic view of Satan is not really a
38:50 villain or an evil person at all but the
38:53 opposite of that Satan is a good guy
38:55 who's challenging the
38:59 boss in the age of Roman anism we find
39:01 the The Poets particularly like Byron
39:05 creating a byonic hero who is somehow
39:10 dark and Sinister and has a past and so
39:13 far from being something to shun and
39:28 admired with the 20th Century the
39:31 devil's fortunes take a turn for the
39:34 worse no longer feared or admired he
39:37 becomes a figure of
39:41 fun he even joins the world of Commerce
39:43 helping to sell products from wine to
39:46 chocolates and
39:48 beer in the age of marketing and the
39:51 consumer Society Satan can bring the
39:54 lure of the forbidden to a tired
39:57 brand it's a long way from an apocalypse
40:00 itic war between good and
40:04 evil it has been a Hallmark of the 20th
40:07 century for the devil to be treated as a
40:10 figure of fun we find the devil is
40:12 neither better nor worse than the people
40:15 he's dealing with and he's just a man among
40:16 among
40:20 men Satan seems to have been cut down to
40:23 size the Prince of Darkness has become a mischievous
40:25 mischievous
40:28 imp but in a surprising twist a
40:31 different Satan the Glamorous Rebel so
40:32 admired by the revolutionaries of the
40:35 19th century makes a startling comeback
40:42 1960s there was a strong sense of
40:46 rebellion against everything that
40:48 Anointed The Western political power
40:52 structure and it was Christian it was um
40:56 capitalist it was um warmongering and so
41:00 the counter culture started exploring
41:03 anything that was counter to
41:05 that in
41:09 1966 OCC cult showman Anton La founds
41:12 the Church of Satan in San
41:14 Francisco part religion part
41:17 money-making racket the Church of Satan
41:19 attracts lured headlines mostly
41:22 encouraged by the publicity seeking L
41:24 himself we believe in greed we believe
41:27 in selfishness we believe in all of the
41:30 lustful thoughts that motivate man
41:33 because this is man's natural uh feeling
41:36 he called himself Anton sander L of
41:39 Romanian descent but the truth of the
41:42 matter is he was Howard Stanton Levy who
41:45 was born in Cook County Illinois in
41:50 1930 he held these weekend lectures and
41:53 witch circles in his house and people
41:56 would come in and pay their $2 ahead
41:58 well finally he had this friend it was a
42:01 publicist who said you know I have an
42:03 idea why don't you turn this thing into
42:06 a church you could make a bundle of
42:09 money and of course that's what he
42:11 did he has been called everything from a
42:14 Carney to a manipulator to a brilliant
42:17 philosopher the truth lies somewhere in
42:19 the middle are there were doctors
42:23 lawyers college students Factory workers
42:26 Farmers you name it they came from all
42:34 human in spite of the invented rituals
42:38 mostly staged for the cameras neither La
42:41 nor his followers believe in a real
42:45 devil what La admires is Satan the rebel
42:49 the non-conformist provoking The
42:52 Establishment predictably America is
43:00 in
43:03 1967 the 60s fascination with the occult
43:06 spearheaded by L's Church of Satan gets
43:08 a powerful Boost from
43:12 Hollywood the film Rosemary's Baby a
43:13 dark tale of devil worshippers in
43:18 Manhattan is a massive and unexpected
43:21 hit in Roman pansy's Masterpiece the
43:23 heroin's innocuous neighbors are part of
43:26 a satanic conspiracy to help the Prince
43:28 of Darkness father a child who will rule the
43:36 world in Rosemary's Baby Satan triumphs
43:39 in the end but the Christian backlash to
43:42 the story comes in the 1973 Blockbuster The
43:44 The
43:47 Exorcist this time the devil who has
43:49 possessed a young girl is defeated by
43:52 the forces of good in the shape of two
43:55 priests The Exorcist the old belief that
43:58 women are especially suscep to satanic
44:01 influence is revived two centuries after
44:04 the Salem Witch Trials we would be
44:05 seriously in error if we were to
44:08 underestimate the power of Hollywood I
44:11 think the biggest impact was probably
44:12 around the um the time of the The
44:15 Exorcist I know many people I've talked
44:16 to about the movie especially those
44:19 raised in a Christian household who are
44:22 very frightened by it very upset it's
44:24 the war between good and
44:27 evil but evil is in a whole new
44:29 dimension and it's very personal it it
44:32 made being possessed almost fashionable
44:34 the the numbers of people who were seen
44:37 to be possessed just took off I've been
44:40 invited to exercise uh people who were
44:43 convinced they had a demon uh and you
44:45 will you will get people who put them
44:48 through it um and it can be very violent
44:50 and very dramatic and and very
44:53 expressive but it can really flip
44:58 someone into serious serious ill health
45:00 Hollywood's discovery that fortunes can
45:02 be made with stories of possession and
45:04 devil worship Stokes the fires of a
45:06 paranoia that has Lain dormant since the
45:13 trials in the 1980s stories about a vast
45:16 conspiracy of organized satanists sweep the
45:17 the
45:20 media known as the satanic Panic
45:22 Christian groups allege Mass satanic
45:25 abuse of children and tens of thousands
45:28 of kidnappings
45:31 part of the satanic Panic started with
45:34 accusations of Satanic ritual abuse
45:36 groups of people who declared themselves
45:38 as Satanist were believed to be taking
45:41 people and children and damaging them
45:45 they were all kinds of dark suggestions
45:48 about children disappearing and about
45:51 child sacrifice and ritual
45:53 murder although hundreds of people are
45:56 arrested and imprisoned when the FBI
45:58 finally launches a fullscale
46:01 investigation in the United States it
46:02 concludes that the satanic abuse
46:12 groundless one of the horrifying things
46:14 about human nature is that it lends
46:15 itself to
46:18 hysteria uh you you get it in all
46:21 periods of History I think you get it
46:24 much more violently nowadays because uh
46:25 one of the most potent instruments for
46:27 spreading his
46:34 industry if members of satanic religions
46:37 mostly don't believe in a supernatural
46:40 devil and don't pray to Satan what does
46:42 the devil
46:45 represent some satanists claim the devil
46:47 stands for a spirit of
46:49 change a lot of people are frightened by
46:51 the term Satanism a lot of people
46:54 automatically think that satanists are
46:57 bad people they should be no more scared
46:58 of a Satanist then they should be scared
47:00 of anyone else they meet you know what
47:03 Satanism means to me is opposition and
47:06 balance alternative thought playing The
47:10 Devil's Advocate there is no good and
47:14 evil I mean to a mouse a cat is this
47:16 horrible evil thing with fangs but to
47:20 the pet owner the cat is Heavenly we
47:23 create our own reality that's the whole
47:25 idea behind
47:29 Satanism in United States surveys show
47:31 that almost half of Americans believe
47:33 the devil is
47:36 real even non-religious people
47:38 instinctively divide the world into good
47:41 and evil the opposing principles taught
47:48 Persians if anything recent events have
47:57 stronger in September 2001 the massive
48:00 terrorist attacks on the United States
48:02 which destroyed the World Trade Center
48:05 shocked America to its core to many it
48:07 seemed as if Sinister forces had gone on
48:10 the offensive it was easy to believe
48:12 that this was a showdown between the
48:15 forces of Good and Evil to the US
48:17 government and a large section of
48:20 American opinion the attacks were about
48:30 we've come to know truths that we will never
48:31 never
48:39 opposed you're either with us or you're
48:41 against us and if you're against us by
48:44 and large you're going to be working
48:47 hand inand with Satan it was Reagan that
48:49 talked about the evil empire Bush talks
48:52 about the access of Evo it's classic
48:59 in the wake of the 9/11 attacks
49:01 President Bush gave the job of catching
49:04 Osama Bin Laden the man responsible for
49:06 the atrocity to Lieutenant General
49:10 William G boyin but according to boyin
49:14 America's real foe isn't Bin Laden in
49:17 the General's words the enemy of the US
49:26 Satan since 2001 the Draconian measures
49:28 taken by the Us and other governments in
49:31 the war on terror are uncannily like
49:34 those of the war on Satan of 400 years
49:38 ago imprisonment without trial secret
49:43 hearings anonymous tip offs and
49:45 torture we are seeing a similar
49:50 willingness to to justify mistreatment
49:53 to justify the um the removal of Rights
49:56 the justifiable use of torture against
49:59 the perceived enemy in the war against
50:01 terrorism if you're fighting a war
50:05 against evil what begins to happen I
50:07 think is that you end up by turning into
50:09 the evil that you're
50:12 fighting controversially President Bush
50:15 called the invasion of Iraq a
50:17 crusade the similarities with the
50:21 historic Crusades against Heretics are
50:23 striking they include a belief on the
50:25 battlefield that the enemy are not just
50:37 Evil in November 2004 as US forces
50:39 launch a massive attack on the Iraqi
50:42 city of fua a senior Marine officer
50:45 Lieutenant Colonel Gareth brandle makes
50:48 clear who he thinks the enemy
50:51 is the enemy has got to face he's called
50:53 Satan he's in blue and we're going to
50:59 it's embroidery it's mythmaking it's
51:03 poetry it can be good fun except that it
51:06 has produced great evils a human
51:08 invention but one that's rebounded on us
51:11 because it's given us permission uh to
51:13 do terrible things to each other which
51:15 is why I think that we should close hell
51:17 down and finally banish the devil and