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Aula 9 ENEM- Escala: cálculo + Fuso horário

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Scale and time zone in ENEM. Will it

fall, how does it fall, and how to solve it? This is what I'm

today's class. Hello, welcome!

Welcome to another class of our

extensive ENEM for competencies

and skills, a free

solidarity project here on YouTube to help

students from all over Brazil. We are in

our ninth class. Yes, this is our class

in this project, which has 35 classes,

completely free for you. Let me

introduce myself. You just happened to

stumble upon this video. I want to ask you

to like it and leave your comment,

which I read here with

great affection every week. I'm

Professor Thi. I'm Thi Formaggio. I

'm a specialist in São

Paulo entrance exams in Geography and current affairs, and

also in ENEM. So, I came here to

YouTube, since ENEM is this test that

all students take, to bring

geography to you, just like you see

there in your prep course. But if you can't

afford it, I'm here to

help you and show you that it's always possible. It's

Worth Watching Again. What did

we learn in the previous

classes? Previously, we talked about

cartography in class seven, which was about

projections. Class eight was about map types.

In class 9, we discussed scale and time zone. We

discussed that every map is distorted.

We understood that the projection can be

cylindrical. You met

Mercartor and Pets. We talked about

latitude and longitude. We even talked

a little about the issue of

satellite remote sensing maps. We also addressed this issue

associated with map types: sketches, plans,

topographic maps, anamorphosis.

I showed you how to interpret the

topographic map. In today's class,

we'll talk first about scale

and then about time zones. As always,

you already know that our course is a

strategic course. So, starting from a

question, I'll give you an entire class. One

of the classes we have here is that

class on Earth's movements, rotation and

translation. With a single question from the

Enem (National High School Exam), I practically explained everything

you learn there in your prep course, you learn

there in your school, quickly and

specifically for a test like the Enem,

which is different from the

São Paulo entrance exams. Class n a We're going to talk about

scale and time zones very

quickly, showing you the

reasoning you need to have to

solve this type of exercise. Remember, we

talked about how every map is a

cartographic representation. So, we

can put it like this: the

map is a representation of reality,

but we already know that, I know. But

I want to draw on a thread from

previous classes with you: the map is a

representation of

reality. In fact, you can think like this:

like this:

how many times has this

reality been reduced to fit on a

sheet of paper? Because that's not the case with the map.

If you have the map at its real size, it

loses its meaning. The map is the representation

of diminished reality, and that's why

we have

scale. Scale is a

mathematical relationship. I know you learn

scale in math, but I wanted to

show you a little bit about geography, while

always maintaining the idea of

proportionality. A mathematical relationship

between the

mapped area. I like to think like this: if you

want to write it down in pencil, how many times has

reality been reduced to fit on a

sheet of paper? And how do you have to

have this notion? In this way, our

scale can be made of two

It is represented in two ways.

Remember, my dears, that this scale

we are talking about is a

cartographic scale. Be careful because in geography there is

another scale. When I say

this, the global action has consequences

locally, regionally, and globally. This is

a scale, but not cartographic. The

cartographic scale is this mathematical scale, and

we have two types. You can have a

numerical and a

graphic cartographic scale. I will show

you the difference between the two. What would

a numerical scale be? It is a fraction.

fraction. One to

100,000. Let's put 100,000. One to 100,000. Okay, one to 100,000. This is a

scale. I mean, 1 cm on the

map is equivalent to 100,000

cm. In reality, these two points are

equivalence points and are equal. So, 1 cm on the

map is equivalent to 100,000 in reality. Or

you can do

this graphically, so you

think of it like this:

0 1

2 centimeters. It is on a graphic scale, by

convention, whenever you see a scale

like this, after zero, each little space has

1 cm 1 cm on the map is worth

1 km in reality, so 2 cm on the map

are worth 2 km in reality. Did you

understand the difference, but teacher, there

's no proportion here. Here are centimeters,

here are kilometers. That's okay because the

graphic scale works. When the exercise

tells you like this: City A and

City B are represented on a

straight line and between them there is 2

cm. What is the

real distance between these two cities? And then you just have to

think: 2 cm = 2 km. 3 cm = 3 km. I

used a very easy example here to make

life easier for you, but I

wanted to show you something, my love, that it

's not with me that you're going to learn. Let

me show you. Remember physics classes,

math classes, when you have

this little table? Come back here on YouTube.

You have incredible and free content

from physics teachers and

math teachers who leave there for you

free classes on

measurement conversion per class, such as scale is a

proportion. To know how many

centimeters on the map are equivalent to so many in

reality, you have to understand the

conversion of these measurements. For example, if

I'm here with a measurement in

centimeters and I want to convert it to

kilometers, I need to 1 2 3 4 5 I'm going to

divide or to be faster, which is

a division, you can think of the

power relationship or simply, you

put it in scientific notation or

simply omit the five zeros and move

with the comma. Okay, now when you're in

kilometers and need to change to

centimeters, then we're going to

multiply. I'll ask you to

remember this in class today because I'm

going to use it. Okay, I know you must be

itching, teacher, but 1 cm on the

map is always equivalent to so many in reality. Here

you gave an example: one to 100,000 is

always a multiple of 10. It's to make the

calculation easier, and here it will always

be one. It will always be one on the map. So

many in reality. And why

couldn't centimeters be like this? Look, 1 m

to so many meters, but wait a minute. When have

you ever seen a map in meters? There's no

map in meters. There's a map in centimeters.

Pro, it could be millimeters. No, by

convention, we have centimeters to

centimeters. Oh, but what if the exercise

gives me millimeters? Then you do the conversion.

If the exercise gives you a distance in

millimeters, but it asks What is the scale?

In the end, you will always have to make

this conversion. So, thinking about this, I

wanted you to help me now with

one that I'm sure

everyone here has confused. I'm sure you've

already taken a test and your entrance exam

small scale. I'll give two examples of

scale before I give the answer.

Will you tell me which is the large? What is the

small? First scale: 1 to

100? Second scale: 1 to 1

million? What is the small scale? Oh,

what a stupid question, right? One to 100? I

know this is from the humanities, right, teacher,

but this question is very

easy. Will it be?

If scale is a fraction, it is a

division? I'm going to ask you to divide

one to

100. Now, I'm going to ask you to divide

one to 1

million. Which value is

million is a

small scale, while one to

100 is a large scale. And you know why

we say large or small? You

will always look at the

details. Do you agree that on a map where

each centimeter on the map corresponds to

100 of reality? I didn't need to

reduce reality so many times to

fit on a piece of paper? Now imagine a globe

where I reduced reality a million

times to fit on the sheet of paper, that's why

it's small. It's small in

detail. Remember this phrase that applies to

life and the entrance exam? I'm going to create a

mug with it. I've already created a

mug with my other phrases. If you

don't follow me on Instagram, please follow me on Instagram. I

'm @profformagio. There I post several

study tips, including my

products, from my

brand. Among them, a beautiful cup called

Água Mole en Rocha (Soft Water in Rock), it lasts so long, it beats until it

hardens. I'm going to create a next one

that's like this:

greatness is in the details. A scale is

large if it's detailed, for example, one

to 100 could be a plant, the plan of

a house, the plan of a city. Now, one

to 1 million is, for example, the globe. But there's

one thing between the plant and the

globe. If I reduce reality 100

times to fit on the paper, it means that

such a large area won't fit. At most, it

fits my house, so it's large in

detail, but it presents a small

mapped area. Now, on a small scale, it

has no detail. But you want the world, I don't. I'll

beforehand. I apologize for my voice

today. I have a sore

throat. Even for those who follow me on social

media, I commented. If you're

watching this recorded class, I'm already

fine, but I'm here despite the

difficulty, trying hard to

put this class on the air for you, right? So

as not to delay the schedule and you can

continue studying and following through so that

next year you can send me a

message telling me about your approval.

Okay, so please, I'll zoom in so

you can write this down. Large scale and

small scale are not about the denominator, they're

about the details. One to 100 has more

details than one to 1 million. It's like

you take a picture. Let me take a

very cute picture that I have here to

show you. Let's go get a

picture of someone very cute. No, it's not a

picture of a person. I think I'll

take a picture of Mrs. Lili. If you don't

know Lili, Lili is my

little dog, and she's the cutest thing

in the world. Let me show you. Oh, wait,

this is Lili. See, I

can see all of Lili, but I can't

see her little face, her little nose, her snout,

but if I

zoom in super fast, look how I can see the

details of this hole. You can see,

but with the details, I lost all of Lili.

I can only see the snout, but I lost

all of Lili. But if I zoom out, I lose

the details, but the represented area increases.

You can think that the

scale is like a zoom. The

more detail you have, the smaller the area

you can observe. It's the famous

choices. But let's talk about

scale calculation. I already understand what scale is,

teacher, but my question is how to

calculate it. How to calculate it, dear ones.

Most students do the rule of three, and

I understand the rule of three is very easy to do.

You should do it like this. But

for those who have a lot of difficulty, I

wanted to introduce you to the Triangle of

Success, which is nothing more than the

scale formula. The scale is equal to desinho

over desão. But easier. The formula

is like this: make a

triangle, make a t of profit, ISS

combined, and remember me and

template here. We will have a

division and Here on this axis we have

multiplication, then

division, multiplication, so I'm going to do the

rule of three. Okay, my love, but I

'm here in a project where there are people who,

like me, came from a

public school, perhaps came from a pandemic and did

n't have in-depth knowledge of this

subject because there was a problem, because there was a

lack of teachers, and suddenly you

can't do so well with

math. That was me. I went to the preparatory

course. I was a scholarship student in a

pre-university course. I got a 100% scholarship

while all my classmates there were

reviewing. I was learning the

content for the first time. So, if there's

one thing my life as a student

has taught me, it's to have humility to learn and to go

back to the basics. I was a student who

needed her teachers to

understand that I had no foundation at

all, and I needed to be humble to

go back to the basics if necessary. So,

for those who, like me, were students who

lagged behind, I'm here to help you,

okay? I was that student, and that's why

I'm here on YouTube to help

people who, like me,

needed this opportunity to

learn and be able to ace the

Enem. to enter university and start

changing your life, okay? That's what I

believe, and I'm here to help you.

So, if you're already very good, skip this

video. Maybe it's not for you, but

I guarantee that even those who think they're very

good. Be humble. We always have

something new to learn. Okay, take

this to life, okay, my angels. It works

like this: basic math. The exercise: we

have three variables. The exercise has to

give you at least two, right? If it

gives you three, you don't need anything. If it

gives you only one, you're screwed. There's no way. So, it

will give you two variables. Let's say it

wants to know. Oh, let me tell you what

these acronyms mean, right? The capital D

scale, and the little Dezinho is the distance on the

map. So, if you want, put it like this. The

real distance is the exercise that will

ask for it, but normally it is given in

kilometers or meters. Or you say it

goes from here to the Pirang post in

centimeters. The scale will be given in

centimeters, always in

centimeters, and the distance is normally

given in centimeters or millimeters, so

please pay attention to the conversion.

Let's say the exercise

gives you three

possibilities, or it wants to know. the

real distance or he wants to know the

scale or he wants to know the distance on the

map if it doesn't give you the real distance just

erase it from the Triangle and just do

Scale times

Dezinho if he wants to know the scale

just do desão times dezinho in

this case it is division right

that axis is division let me erase

here desão over dezinho and if you

want to know the Dezinho is also a

division desão over eão okay In other words it

is the rule of three you will see that

doing with the rule of three you get

here but this is for those who have a lot of

difficulty and don't know how to set up the rule of

three to see if you really learned

I wanted to challenge you to do an

exercise let's do together on our

list exercise two since our

focus here on YouTube is an exercise

actually a course focused on

exercises let's take our list and

we will now do the

Enem 2022 exercise a possible flight path

and we read the

statement considering that the distance

between the place where the plane wreckage

was sighted and the city of perte and it

this distance of 2

cm the scale of this representation is then

Hold on, I'll write it down now that he

wants to know the scale. Do you remember how to

find the scale? If you don't remember, in the

corner of your test, you make the

Triangle of Success. Assemble the Dead. You

'll get addicted to this. Hide the scale.

Desão about

desinho, but Professor. He only talked about 2

cm, right? Which is the desinho. Obviously, 2 cm

is not the real distance. And where is the

real distance? The real distance. In the image, it's 2500.

So, let's do

2500 divided by 2. Taís. I already do the

measurement conversion. Look, you can already

do it, but since I'll have to

add a lot of zeros because this is

in kilometers, right? And PR, the scale

is always in centimeters. I'll leave it

to put the zero at the end just to make

the division easier because I want to

speed it up. Okay, let's divide 2500 by

2. Divide it quickly. From your house, for

me, you can even do it in your head

very quickly. We'll have this

result, but you noticed that it's still

in kilometers, but the whole scale is

like this. The scale is equal to 1

cm, two points. Then you copy the

value, but now there's one thing missing.

What are the

zeros if it's in kilometers and I have to

pass it to centimeters I'll have to

multiply let's remember how many

zeros I'm going to add which is nothing more

than multiplying in this case it's five

I'll drag it to you to E since

you know it's five Remember I

warned you I was going to need this here in

your head there to but I don't have it

watch a class here on YouTube of

basic math so because look we

're in kilometers let's go to

centimeters with me one 1 2 3 4 5 let's

add these zeros 1 2 3 4 5 be

careful now it's 1 2 3 point 1 2 3 point

great and then like this you

look for our option which has exactly

here are three zeros here are three

zeros here 125 1 to

125 letter e okay PR I did it with the rule

of three and I rocked it Congratulations to you we've

already had this conversation let's do

another scale exercise you can

apply this I swear ok you can get

any list whether from fuves or

Unicamp it will work do it like this let's

do exercise 4 that it is a

scale exercise, but it is the way that

appears most in ENEM, which is an

interpretation. You already know: we read

directly from the source through a geography of

Power RA party and we will pronounce

modern cartography in the Perspective

described in the text, which began to represent the

earth, giving emphasis to A. So, he is

talking about a more

modern cartography, and what is this cartography

giving emphasis to? People, we will need to

read the text because as soon as

modern cartography is this, there is no way. There was

no knowledge of cartography itself. I do

n't know if you agree. Let's go to the

text. The image or model, that is, every

construction of reality is an instrument

of power. This is reminding me of the

new IBGE map that had people thinking

that for some reason it was controversial

because it placed Brazil in the center.

Every map is political because everything is

political, so there is no neutrality in

cartography. Obviously, the B in IBGE is not a

dot, it is Brazil. So, it is obvious that,

just as several other countries have already

placed themselves in the center, it is a way of

representing China, France has already done

this, the United States too, and

here, our dear Cloue Rafan, a

great The geographer is saying exactly

this to you. I couldn't help but

talk about it, right? The IBGE map is going to fall.

The image or model, that is, the entire

construction of reality, is the instrument

of power, and this has been the case since the origins of

man. An image is a guide to action that has

taken the most diverse forms. We even

made the image an object in itself, and

over time, we acquired the habit of acting

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Aula 9 ENEM- Escala: cálculo + Fuso horário