0:02 okay for this session this will be our
0:04 objectives first to trace the physical
0:06 development that you have gone through
0:09 as in funds and dollars okay trace own
0:12 cognitive development as influence and
0:15 doctors third is to describe the social
0:17 emotional development processes from
0:19 infant and dollar so when you focus on
0:21 infant and toddler the aspects which we
0:22 are going to venture
0:24 on this session will be the three first
0:27 is the physical development second is
0:29 cognitive development and last will be
0:32 the social emotional development so
0:35 these uh this three aspects will be
0:38 a lecture today in our session and
0:40 hopefully at the end of the session
0:42 we'll be able to reach okay or to
0:45 realize the last objective which is to
0:47 draw implications of the above mentioned
0:50 topics in relation to preventing child
1:00 for some schools early as one year old
1:02 to three years old
1:05 schools for them okay though it's mostly
1:08 about play but still my pattern is in
1:10 the gender is a curriculum that they follow
1:13 follow
1:16 this will be our session outline to
1:17 realize those objectives we are going to
1:19 discuss the physical development of
1:21 infants and toddlers
1:23 second the cognitive development of
1:25 infants and toddlers and lastly the
1:27 social emotional development of infants
1:31 and toddlers and this are the references
1:33 i used okay
1:34 okay now
1:36 now
1:38 let's begin with physical development of
1:41 infants and doctors let's have the
1:43 initial task
1:45 after this slide i'll be showing a
1:47 picture and i would like you to observe
1:50 okay the picture okay focus on the size
1:53 of the head and other body parts in the
1:55 picture on the subjects in the picture
1:57 and then i try to answer
2:00 this question does physical development
2:04 begin from bottom to top top to bottom
2:07 center to side or side to center i
2:09 repeat focus on this question while you
2:12 are analyzing the feature later this
2:14 physical development begin from bottom
2:17 to top top to bottom center to side or
2:19 side to center
2:27 it shows the physical development of human
2:28 human okay
2:29 okay from
2:31 from
2:35 two months old up to
2:38 25 years old let's focus on toddler from
2:39 two months to
2:42 the newborn moving to 25 years of what
2:44 do you notice about the head now let's
2:47 focus on the head
3:19 if you're going to describe the physical
3:22 um development of humans
3:44 okay especially the newborn
3:47 okay now is it from top to bottom bottom
3:50 to top from top to bottom we would say
3:53 it's from the head moving downward right
3:56 that's from top to bottom what about you
3:59 from side to center or center to uh the sides
4:00 sides
4:02 what's what do we mean like that what's
4:05 that concept
4:07 center to side or side to center detail
4:09 so what is true about the head and the
4:11 body parts it's from top to bottom
4:14 that's correct okay india bottom two top
4:15 top
4:17 okay because development begins in the
4:18 head inyo
4:20 dominant and then as we grow old i
4:22 repeat um
4:25 going to bottom
4:28 what about young concept in
4:30 a follow-up question center decide is
4:32 the development from center to side or
4:35 side to center
4:37 center-to-side poster
4:38 okay what
4:52 okay it's from the inside and aside from
5:12 inside okay it's it's from the inside
5:15 diva when we are in still in the womb okay
5:19 organs
5:22 and then okay gradually
5:24 it will become physically external
5:26 external
5:29 okay development of fetus
5:31 grows from the inside of the body moving
5:35 outward so if we are going to summarize
5:38 this feature into this one who will have
5:39 the concept about
5:43 cephalocaldo versus proxima distal
5:44 patterns what do we mean by self-allocation
5:56 okay it's the head so the head grows
6:00 more than the body but when we say
6:02 i repeat it's it means the head grows
6:06 more than the body okay what about this one
6:07 one
6:09 the upper limbs before the
6:13 lower limbs this is from uh
6:14 the uh
6:42 compared to the upper limbs but during
6:46 infancy okay and toddler must
6:49 dominate or evident and upper limbs and
6:50 tongue upper limbs
6:52 long upward limbs compared to the lower limbs
6:58 okay
7:00 so union
7:02 is from top to
7:10 into this grows from the inside of the
7:12 body outwards that's what we call the
7:15 proxima distal pattern i repeat the
7:18 proxy medicinal pattern the fetus grows
7:20 from the inside of the body outwards
7:22 outwards
7:24 okay for instance um
7:29 when we talk about prenatal development
7:30 you have learned now what i'm going to
7:33 develop is the heart
7:36 and then the spine
7:38 video hopefully
7:41 and this is fine and then uh all
7:42 following all the
7:46 body organs and the physical atrophies
7:53 physically it starts within okay the
7:55 organs develop first so that's what we
7:57 mean by proxy medicine
8:00 another for proximo distal pattern
8:02 development of motor skills from center
8:05 of the body outward from the center of
8:06 the body outward
8:08 outward
8:10 what do we mean by that in terms of movement
8:56 it starts from the center moving outward
8:58 so that's what we mean by cephalocaudal
9:00 versus proxima distal pattern so
9:02 development could be cephalocaudal okay
9:05 it's from top to bottom or proxima
9:08 distal it's from center going outward
9:11 that uh the cephalocaudal trend or
9:13 pattern is the prenatal growth okay it's
9:16 from conception to five months okay when
9:18 the head grows more than the body it is
9:20 also the thread in which infants begin
9:23 to use their upper limbs okay before
9:29 okay head and brain physically develop
9:33 faster than other body parts okay that's
9:36 the staff a local pattern well for the
9:38 the other one the proxy medicinal
9:41 pattern or trend it is the prenatal
9:43 growth okay from five months to birth
9:46 when the fetus grows from inside of the
9:48 body outwards the organs and then
9:51 outwards this also applies in the first
9:53 months after birth as shown in the
9:56 earlier a maturation of muscular control
9:58 of the trunk ayanian trunk of the arms
10:01 okay and then followed by the hands and
10:04 then the fingers and the outwards okay
10:06 when referring to motor development the
10:08 proxima distal trend refers to the
10:10 development of motor skills from the
10:12 center like to the trunk to the core
10:14 moving outward
10:17 okay so again and pattern of development
10:18 when it comes to
10:23 thunder
10:25 okay in terms of height and weight again
10:27 we are describing the infants and
10:29 toddler physically now we are on height
10:33 and weight it says here a newborn babies
10:35 drop five to ten percent of their body
10:38 weight within a couple of weeks of birth
10:40 so at birth
10:44 okay the newborn um
10:46 babies dropped five to ten percent of
10:48 their body weight within a couple of
10:58 yes um
11:04 sir
11:06 is it normal that newborn babies drop
11:08 five to ten percent of their body weight
11:10 within a couple of weeks
11:12 of birth [Music]
11:15 [Music]
11:17 is it normal
11:19 yes poster
11:22 yes but afternoon um
11:23 um feeding
11:24 feeding
11:26 like it's either breastfeeding or bottle feeding
11:43 that is what we call the period of
11:45 adjustment for the baby after birth but
11:47 after the period of adjustment when they
11:55 and they will learn how to sock okay the
11:57 breasts of the mother of course the
12:05 but again like what is always um uh
12:06 mentioned in
12:08 television in commercials breastfeeding
12:12 is always best for babies
12:14 and once they learned how to sock how to
12:16 swallow and how to digest would they
12:22 from from birth and then
12:30 so breastfed babies according to studies
12:33 are typically heavier than bottle fed
12:41 breastfeed
12:43 okay but after six months breastfeed
12:46 babies usually weigh less okay than
12:47 bottle babies so finally everything
12:57 uh fed babies
13:00 okay in france left at the moment it's
13:01 about the height
13:04 increases by about 30 in the first five
13:06 months so 30
13:08 and growth rate nila for the first five
13:12 months but baby's weight usually triples
13:15 during the first year but slows down in
13:17 the second year mobilist market during
13:20 the first year and it slows down during
13:21 the second
13:23 so in general we would say that an
13:25 infant's length increases by about 30 in
13:27 the first five months okay and baby's
13:30 weight usually triples during the first
13:32 year but slows down in the second year
13:35 of life low percentages are not a cost
13:45 because it's normal it's it's a
13:47 part of the progress of inbound so it's
13:52 a natural curve for steady development
13:54 okay next slide
13:57 brain development etho
14:00 newborns brain is about 25
14:19 it's 25 of our brain okay the brain is
14:22 about 75 percent of its adult weight on
14:25 the second birthday so upon reaching two
14:26 years old okay
14:27 okay
14:38 it will develop up to 75 percent and
14:40 when you reach adulthood you know you
14:43 100 percent now adult uh
14:46 brain weight negative okay the brain
14:47 makes a connection through the
14:50 acquisition of experiences it says here
14:53 that uh as we gain experience the brain
14:56 and the island neurons
14:58 neurons
15:01 everything about the human brain that it
15:03 makes connection that the brain makes
15:05 connection the more that we gain experiences
15:10 okay the more that we gain experience so if
15:11 if
15:14 the brain is enriched okay
15:17 with experiences the more connections
15:20 that it will make so another brains of
15:22 the enriched animals weighed more and
15:24 this is based on research okay and research
15:29 and they examine the brains of the
15:31 enriched animals let's say enriching
15:33 environment is uh
15:34 uh
15:36 healthy it's filled with many experiences
15:37 experiences
16:18 so it had thick layers had more neuronal
16:20 connections and higher levels of
16:27 machines and then gametes in order to
16:56 it's really based on science that it's
16:58 uh if the bigger the brain okay the
17:00 heavier the brain
17:04 the more chances the uh matalino yintao
17:07 they gained a lot of experiences okay
17:12 so next motor development along this
17:15 aspect of motor development for infants
17:17 and toddlers okay
17:20 we talk about reflexes gross
17:24 motor skills and find motor skills
17:26 okay when we say uh reflexes
17:28 reflexes
17:30 it's how we move our reflexes okay it's
17:32 about the motor development gross motor
17:34 skills talk about
17:37 the big movements that we make the core
17:40 it requires the core body to to adjust
17:48 in doing a task so we will discuss one
17:51 by one about reflexes gross motor skills
17:55 and fine motor skills
17:57 so under reflexes we have different types
17:58 types okay
18:05 reflex so the sucking reflex is
18:07 initiated when
18:10 um something touches the roof of an
18:29 reflex which helps to ensure that
18:30 that
18:33 they can latch into bottle or the breast
18:36 so the stocking reflex is very strong in
18:38 some influence and they may need to suck
18:51 anything they would cry so they would
18:54 need the pacifier
18:56 to ease themselves okay next is rooting
18:58 reflex so what do we mean by rooting
19:01 reflex rooting reflex
19:03 is the most evident when an infant's
19:07 cheek is stroked
19:10 the baby responds by turning his or her
19:12 head in the direction of the touch and
19:14 the opening
19:16 and opening their mouth for feeding like
19:38 the baby will touch and it will open
19:42 its mouth okay for feeding
19:44 next is gripping reflex
19:45 reflex
19:48 gripping combine so under this babies
20:04 the strength of this group is strong and
20:06 most babies can support their entire
20:09 weight in their grip so
20:11 what's what's the lesson here in terms
20:14 of reflexes your strength is about that
20:17 okay from baby up to moving to uh
20:47 what is curling reflex when the inner
20:51 sole of a baby's foot is stroked
20:53 okay the infant responds by curling his
20:57 or her toes like it will curl its legs
20:58 legs
21:01 okay or his toes so that's what we mean
21:03 by reflexes
21:06 when the outer outer sole of a baby's
21:08 foot is stroke the infant will respond
21:10 by spreading
21:20 by what we mean by reflex occurring
21:24 reflex next is title moral reflex what
21:46 something that's why they will move okay
21:49 like for sudden sounds or movements by
21:50 throwing their arms and legs out and
21:53 throwing their heads back they will move
21:55 like that when they hear sounds sudden
21:58 sounds most infants will usually cry
22:05 and when startled and proceed to pull
22:09 their limbs back into their bodies okay
22:11 next is the gallant reflex what is this
22:13 element reflex
22:15 the gallant reflex is shown when an
22:18 infant's middle or lower back is stroked
22:20 next to the spinal cord what will the
22:23 baby do the baby will respond by curving
22:26 his or her body toward the side which is
22:29 being stroked
22:31 so it's a developmental beginning from
22:34 the mouth moving to the face moving to
22:35 the hands and then the lips and then the
22:37 body this time
22:48 is what we call the tonic neck reflex
22:49 in here the toenail
22:52 reflex is demonstrated in infants who
22:54 are placed on their
22:58 abdomens okay whichever side the child's
23:01 head is facing the limbs on that side
23:03 will straighten while the opposite limbs
23:06 will occur so that's what we mean by
23:10 tonic neck reflex okay from i repeat
23:11 from sucking
23:14 the mouth in rooting the face gripping
23:17 the hands the arms turning it includes
23:19 the legs okay startle more probably
23:21 effects it's the entire body the gallant
23:24 reflects the spinal at the back and
23:30 okay
23:33 the motor development in terms of gross
23:35 skills so in here you will see the
23:38 picture of the gross motor skill
23:40 development of a child so foxy
23:43 navinating gross motor skills it talks
23:46 about the whole body movement okay
23:49 big body movement which involved the
23:51 large core muscles of the body to
23:54 perform every day large score of the
23:55 muscle to perform
23:57 every day i know what about gross motor
24:19 skill bit because it requires
24:21 uh the core muscles of the body to
24:41 okay but i repeat generally speaking
24:44 okay aside from those cases special
24:50 generally speaking this is the sequence
24:52 you will learn how to lift your head and
24:54 then um
25:07 support some weight with legs and crawling
25:08 crawling
25:10 sit without support
25:14 standing with support pulling self to
25:16 stand a walk using furnitures for support
25:18 support
25:19 and last
25:22 okay we have standing alone easily and
25:25 then walking alone easily so this is the
25:27 motor development in terms of gross
25:29 motor skills so it's always a source of
25:37 to witness dramatic changes in the
25:39 infant's first year of life especially
25:40 here in the philippines and i mean i think
25:51 the child
25:52 learns how to walk
25:55 okay so this dramatic motor development
25:58 is shown in babies unable to even lift
26:01 their heads to being able to grab things
26:04 off the cabinet okay to chase the ball
26:06 and to walk away from
26:08 barrett so this is
26:10 what we mean by gross monitor skills the
26:13 motor development focusing on gross
26:15 motor skills so we're done with reflexes
26:17 we're done with gross motor skills let's
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