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Comparing New England, Middle, and the Southern British colonies | Civics Review | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: Comparing New England, Middle, and the Southern British colonies
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Core Theme
The content explains the foundational history of the United States by detailing the distinct characteristics, economies, religions, and governance of the three main regions of the 13 British colonies: New England, Middle, and Southern. Understanding these differences is presented as crucial for comprehending later events like the American Revolution and the creation of the Constitution.
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before we can talk about the American
Revolution in our fight for independence
against the Tyrant King George III or
even mention the creation of the
Constitution it's important to
understand the 13 colonies and the
origins of our nation
so what is a colony anyway we're going
to hear this term a lot
colony is land that's under the
political control of another country and
occupied by Settlers of that country
another term you're going to hear a lot
of is the term colonist this just means
a settler of the colony and many of the
colonists considered themselves to be
British subjects even though they didn't
all come from the UK the 13 colonies are
divided into three regions each regions
kind of got its own personality its own
way of doing things of making money and
even its religious faiths all of these
differences between the regions are what
we need to learn for this unit the three
regions are New England middle and
southern colonies so let's take a closer
look and we're going to start with New
England first because they're the ones
that would probably protest the loudest
for going last there are four colonies
that make up New England and those are
Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island
and Connecticut with the colony of
Massachusetts being one of the first
establishments of UK settlers and of
course I'm talking about the pilgrims on
the Mayflower the New England colonies
had a really rough climate they had
harsh Winters and freezing temperatures
and really mild Summers and a shorter
growing season we know this from the
story of the pilgrims right they really
struggled to survive in the beginning
because they had rocky soil that was not
great for farming corn was one of the
few things that they actually could
produce out of the soil in New England
but what they lacked in soil they made
up for in their vast Timber resources
believe it or not this was one of the
most in-demand items from the UK the New
England region also had lots of
coastlines and harbors which made it
great for fishing and shipping speaking
of which coastlines and harbors were an
essential part of the New England
economy fishing and whaling could be
done from those Harbors the timber
resources were used for shipbuilding and
Home Building
and seaports kept New England at the
heart of the Triangular Trade now if
you're not familiar with what that is
New England was part of an international
trade across the Atlantic Ocean items
like molasses and sugarcane were shipped
to New England where they were processed
into rum lots of other raw materials
were shipped across the Atlantic to
trade for slaves in West Africa the
triangle would be completed by sending
slaves back to the Caribbean with their
ultimate destination being the British
colonies now New England also benefited
by sending its raw materials like
tobacco and Timber and cotton all the
way to the UK in return the UK would
send things over that the colonies
couldn't make for themselves finished
products and goods paint and tea leaves
religion in the New England colonies was
a really big deal remember it was
founded by pilgrims the same pilgrims
that left their home country in search
of religious free
and oh by the way half of them died
within the first few months of living in
the new world religion was important to
them so yeah they were strictly
religious and they punished those that
went against their faith now there are
two kinds of religions we need to learn
about in New England and the first is
the Puritan Faith the Puritans had a big
problem with the church of England and
the way that they went about their
business and they felt like they could
make a few changes to purify the faith
and make it truly what they thought it
should be
on the other hand the separatists which
oh by the way these are the actual
pilgrims that arrive in Plymouth Colony
they wanted to break away completely
from the church of England they felt
like it could not be saved or purified
it just had to be left behind completely
and started over from scratch
there are a couple of key people we need
to pay attention to in this region and
the first is John Winthrop and he was
the leader and elected governor of the
Massachusetts Bay Colony which was the
Puritan stronghold of that area
the other notable person from this area
is William Bradford and he was the
governor of Plymouth Colony the leader
of the separatists the actual pilgrims
on the Mayflower Bradford plays a very
important role historically with his
journal and recollection of things that
happened in Plymouth Colony including
the story of Thanksgiving New England's
government was an interesting one
because when they arrived in the new
world there was no government and they
had to decide to establish
self-government by signing the Mayflower
Compact and making an agreement with one
another this took a lot of discipline so
as you can imagine the laws and rules of
a society full of Puritans and
separatists were very religiously based
all elected officials in this region had
to attend church and that about sums it
up for the New England colonies and
we're moving on now to the middle colonies
colonies
and the middle colonies are Pennsylvania
New York New Jersey and Delaware
now I know what you're thinking there
ain't no way Pennsylvania and New York
are in the middle of the country how can
they be called the middle colonies but
we're not thinking about Pennsylvania
and New York in terms of the country
today we're thinking about them in terms
of the 13 colonies consider the first
two UK establishments in the new world
Jamestown Virginia and Plymouth Rock
Massachusetts and directly in between
those two establishments lies the middle colonies
colonies
the geography and climate of the middle
colonies was slightly different than the
New England colonies featuring cold
Winters but warmer Summers and that all
leads to a longer growing season that
was better for producing crops
specifically grains oats and Wheats in
addition to the longer growing season
the soil itself was better for growing
these crops and the middle colonies
featured many major river systems that
was perfect for sending their goods Downstream
Downstream
the middle colonies economy was centered
around Wheats and oats which is why they
get the nickname of the Bread Basket but
in addition to that they also produced
iron from their mines and iron Goods for
the rest of the colonies just like New
England the middle colonies also had
vast Timber resources used for
shipbuilding and logging and of course
the middle colonies are well known for
their textiles their factories and Manufacturing
Manufacturing
as far as religion is concerned they're
nowhere near as strict as their New
England neighbors the middle colonies
were quite chill when it came to
choosing your faith because they had a
greater diversity in people and
therefore a greater diversity and faith
a major religion we need to know from
the region is the Quaker faith and they
believed in pacifism they were against
slavery and they believed in religious
freedom and yes that's the same guy from
Quaker Oats they also make really good
oatmeal this region also features the
Catholics and the lutherans it might not
seem strange to you today but back in
the time of the 13 colonies having all
these different face around in the same
region was kind of different which makes
the middle colonies unique a key person
from this region is William Penn he's
the founder of the colony of
Pennsylvania and personally established
the city of Philadelphia now back in
England King Charles II owed his father
a lot of money or a lot of debt and so
King Charles II actually gifted this
land to William Penn for him to use for
whatever purposes he wanted and having
left the church of England and becoming
a Quaker himself he established
Pennsylvania as a land for Religious Freedom
Freedom
William Penn was also a pacifist and he
was big into anti-slavery and making
peaceful alliances with the Native
Americans in Pennsylvania since many of
the middle colonies were lands granted
by the Kings lawmakers were elected by
the people of the colonies to sort of
run the show while the King was away in
New York and New Jersey was completely
different these were Royal colonies
which were directly under the rule of
the king let's move on now to the final
region which is the southern colonies
this includes North Carolina South
Carolina Maryland Virginia and Georgia
the southern colonies geography and
climate was very different than the
other two regions featuring very mild
Winters with hot summers the soil was
also perfect for farming and the growing
season was the longest in all of the
colonies crops like tobacco and cotton
grew exceptionally well here
and as you might have guessed the
economy was based around this profitable agriculture
agriculture
tobacco cotton and rice made the
colonies very wealthy however the
southern colonies also relied on slaves
to harvest these cash crops
slaves were purchased as property and in
the southern colonies they actually
religion in the southern colonies was
not as impactful as the other regions
with all the massive farms and
plantations it actually spread the
people out so that they didn't really
congregate as frequently as they did in
a larger denser cities of the Middle and
New England colonies however the
Anglican Faith which is a hybrid of
Catholic and Protestant Faith was the
most prominent of religions in this
region they were also very tolerant of
other religions basically everyone was
as for key people in this region George
Calvert is one of the big ones because
he was the first English settlement in
Canada and I know you're saying dude I
need to learn about key people from the
southern colonies but just hold on to
your horses Calvert experienced his
first Canadian winter and said uh-uh I
gotta get the heck out of here and he
went back to the UK and tried to Charter
a place with a better climate which
ended up being Maryland he envisioned
this new Charter being a refuge for all
Catholics from the UK George Calvert's
tale is all kinds of super sad but
basically he dies before the charter is signed
signed
his legacy lives on however with the
colony of Maryland another key person is
John Smith yes the John Smith from the
story of Pocahontas he was real and he
helped establish the first English
settlement of Jamestown he was a tough
leader which was needed for Jamestown to
survive but nobody really liked him he
was a terrible liar and most of his
accounts were very exaggerated or even fabricated
fabricated
the southern colonies elected their own
government leaders and even had their
own Governors to run the colonies they
also had their own courts to rule on
issues in the south
and there you have it those are the
three regions of the 13 colonies and how
different each region was okay that's it
for now thanks so much for sticking to
the end of my video I hope you enjoyed
it I hope you learned something we'll
make more videos soon [Music]
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