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CompTIA A+ Full Course for Beginners - Module 2 - Motherboards and Connectors

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Video Transcript

Howdy Folks welcome to module two of the

CompTIA A+ course as you can see this is

based on the 1,2 200 series of A+ and

today's module is called installing

motherboards and connectors now of

course this title alone doesn't tell us

everything we need to know about this

module so if you want a more accurate

idea of what's going to be in this

module that you can find in the video

description down below with very nice

convenience timestamps to help you jump

ahead to specific topics if you're just

looking for something specific now folks

this module consists of three main

sections today so everything we'll be

covering will be divided between these

three sections now the three sections

for today is cables and connectors now

Guys these cables and connectors are not

cables and connectors like network

cables no these are the cables and

connectors one would find inside of a

computer case so these will be the

cables that connects to your motherboard

your hard drive those kinds of things

it's the cables that you would find find

inside of your case the second main

section will be motherboards now on its

own that sounds pretty vague so you'll

see there's actually a lot of topics

inside of that section and then the

third and the last main section for

today folks will be Legacy cable types

now for those of you that don't know yet

the word legacy means something is old

this can be old Hardware it can be old

software software wise this can be

operating systems or it can be actual

software so don't means there's no

longer support for it it's stuff which

you're probably going to have a hard

time fixing or you're not going to find

spare parts for it no patches no updates

that kinds of stuff so there you have it

folks that is the three main sections

we'll be diving in today now before we

jump into that first main section folks

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folks let's go jump into that first main section

[Music]

all right folks starting with the first

section in this module cables and

connectors now the first topic we're

going to dive into in this section guys

is personal computers now at first

launch you're probably wondering what

the heck does that have to do with

cables and connectors inside a box you

remember I said in the beginning the

title of the module does not tell you

everything that's going to be in a

module the same can be said about the

titles of these sections so when I say

cables and connectors yes for the most

part that's what you're going to find in

this section but it's not going to be

the only stuff you will find in this

section now starting with personal

computers guys what is the system case

the system case guys for those of you

who don't know is what you would put

everything into we would find all the

internal components the organs if you

will of your computer case you get two

kinds you get an allinone and you get a

tower case now in terms of an all-in-one

these are quite rare there's a picture

for you guys of what one might look like

at first Lance this will look like a

screen it'll look like a normal computer

monitor but if you look a little bit

closer you'll see a lot of these are

actually a lot thicker it looks like a

very thick oversized computer monitor

and that guys is because this whole

screen is in fact your computer it's not

just a screen it is a computer that's

why it's called an all-in-one so your

motherboard the hard drive the processor

absolutely everything of your machine is

in that screen it's called an all-in-one

now these are generally more popular

with office work so if you want to do

gaming and stuff this is not ideal you

know obviously it's not going to have

proper cooling it's not going to have

room for proper expansion and all that

so this is generally more intended for

your normal office work environment

where you might not have a lot of room

uh for a computer case you know that

kinds of stuff now speaking of a

computer case this is what a tower case

looks like guys that's pretty much a

normal normal tower case you can see

this one actually still has an optical

drive there the top I mean can you

believe it mean when's the last time

you've seen a computer come out with an

optical drive if you go to any tech

store nowadays and you try and buy

yourself a laptop or a desktop good luck

finding one that comes with an optical

drive that would be an example of Legacy

Hardware stuff that doesn't get made

anymore stuff that doesn't get used

anymore now guys this is a standard

tower case you can see it's got a start

button in the front um sometimes you

might get lucky you might get a restart

button there's your front panel ports

you've got USB normally you'll have your

audio jacks you've got your mic in

you've got your your earphones out there

you know your audio jack out there now

usually it's common to find these in the

front of the case but you can sometimes

actually find these on the top of the

case you know it depends on the case if

you go look at these fancy gaming cases

you find a lot of them these little

ports would actually be on the top of

the case the power button will even

sometimes be on the top of the case so

we call these the front panel ports and

the front panel features those buttons

the start button the restart button and

stuff that's your front panel features

and the ports those USB ports the mic

and the audio and all that that is your

front panel ports guys now just to show

you guys that this can possibly be at

the top of the case there's another

picture for you guys so this one it's

kind of sort at the top not completely

but it's close enough so there's really

going to be cases where sometimes you'll

find it on the top of the computer case

other times you'll find it in the front

of the computer case but if you've got

yourself a gaming computer case I can

almost guarantee you it's going to be

somewhere at the top of the computer

case anyway folks let me get this

picture out of the way let's talk about

the side of a computer case

the side panel so if you were to go and

turn this computer case around maybe

flip it on its side and remove the side

panel what would we see here is a

picture of you guys of more or less what

you can expect to see when you were to

go and remove the side panel of a

computer case this is not the latest

stuff mean here at the bottom right for

instance you can see those are hard

drive base all these new more modern

computer cases don't actually have these

hard drive BAS more because those are

the old mechanical hard drive bay

nowadays you'll find machines are using

solid state drives or they will go and

use what we call an m.2 slot on your

motherboard those kinds of hard drives

are much smaller and much much faster

they actually fit onto the motherboard

now since these hard drives are so small

and so fast we don't actually have a

need for these special Bays anymore

where we will go and put these hard

drives there at the top right hand side

guys there is where you would go and put

your Optical drives if you still have

one but now nowadays if you go buy

yourself a new modern computer case I

can almost guarantee you you will not

find these Bays on optical drive they're

not going to be there at the bottom left

guys that is your PSU which is short for

power supply unit now if you've got

yourself a gaming computer case you're

more than likely going to find this

power supply unit at the bottom left or

should I say the back bottom of your

computer case if you've got yourself a

normal office computer case these are

most likely going to be at the top of

the case top back or in this picture

will be the top left hand side of this

case so in reality guys it actually

doesn't matter where you find this power

supply end the day if you go look at

gaming cases the only reason why they're

at the bottom is because you can go and

hide it at the bottom it's out of sight

it makes the gaming case look neater it

makes it look cooler cleaner that kinds

of stuff but in reality it really does

not matter where you have this power

supply guys as long as the cables are

long enough to reach the various

components that they need to go and plug

into these components will be things

like your motherboard the graphics card

if you've got those old hard drives

maybe they going plug into those maybe

your case fans so the end of the day as

long as your cables are long enough to

reach the various components you can

probably go and put this power supply

wherever you want in this computer case

it's up to you now if you look there in

that vicinity there guys that is the

motherboard this motherboard's got two

massive graphics cards there plugged in

so it's kind of obstructing your view

from the motherboard and it's got a

cooling system on top of the CPU which

looks like it's it's a massive air

cooling system you guys will learn more

about this later in the course you'll

see better examples later in the course

so let me see if I can give you guys

another picture example I'm going to get

this case out of the way here's another

one for you guys so this one same

concept I mean it's a white case now it

still has hard drive base on the right

it's got the optical drive base there on

the top it's got the power supply unit

there at the bottom again but this one

at least we can see the motherboard a

little bit more clearer now it's only

got one graphics card instead of two like

and here it does not have a massive air

cooling system instead it's got a liquid

cooling system so there's no fan there

normally on top of the CPU you go and

put a heat sink it's aluminium it looks

like aluminium fins and aluminium

normally absorbs heat very well from

your CPU which gets very hot and to help

it cool down even further you've got a

fan on top of that aluminum heat sink

that blows air between the fins cooling

it down even further now what generally

Works a little bit better than air

cooling is liquid cooling so in this

scenario this is a very old design

they've got a liquid cooling system

they're on top of the CPU you can see

the pipes going up to the top of the

case we would find the radiator now guys

this is not really the topic right now

we'll talk more about this under Cooling

in A+ which is not in this module it's a

later module but if you do have a

radiator you ideally always want to put

this in the top of the case it's very

important that you preferably try and

put the radiator at the top of the case

we'll talk more about that under cooling

once we get to the cooling section in

this A+ course but for now just remember

always put it in the top of the case all

right guys and before we move on um let

me just show you guys one more example

for computer case I mean why not so

there's a better one more modern one so

if you look down on the right hand side

you will notice the hard drive Bays I

showed you guys earlier those are

missing you'll notice those optical

drive Bays those are missing and you'll

see hit the bottom that's not the power

supply per per se that's more like a

hidden chamber that you can go and hide

the power supply in but if you look

there at the bottom left you can kind of

still see the power supply sticking out

there where you have to go and put in

the power cord of course ver they've got

a nice cooling system a liquid cooling

system and you'll find that most of

these new modern liquid cooling systems

they've actually got some sort of screen

on them and you can go and display all

kinds of various things on them you can

display the time the CPU temperature the

CPU fan you can even display videos on

them for crying out loud it's flipping

insane guys you can see the pipes with

the cooling system goes up towards the

top of the case once again and that is

where the radiator is these radiators

guys work in almost the exact same

Principle as a car's engine so if we go

look at a car's engine it obviously gets

hot so what can be used to mitigate

against that that will be your car's

cooling system so you've got water or

antifreeze or some sort of coolant

pumping through the engine that liquid

absorbs the heat from the engine it gets

pumped to the front of the engine into

your what your radiator the radiator has

got a bunch of fins it's got air blowing

from the front through these fins

cooling down the water and then that

cooled down water gets pumped back into

the engine and the cycle repeats itself

now your computer if if you've got a

liquid cooling system guys works in the

same principle so the CPU is effectively

the engine here it generates a lot of

heat the water absorbs the the heat from

the CPU gets pumped to the radiator the

top it's got a bunch of fins this

radiator it's got a bunch of fans this

radiator the fans blow air between these

fins cooling down the liquid and it gets

pumped back to the CPU and the cycle

repeats itself of course we'll talk more

about this under cooling so I'm kind of

jumping the gun here but if you find

this interesting stay tuned for the

cooling section A+ unfortunately guys

that is not in this module it's coming

up later but it isn't core one because

that falls under Hardware all right so

let me get this machine out of the way

let's talk a bit about the rear panel

ports and features guys so there's a

picture of a totally random machine at

the back if you look at the top left

hand side here guys that is where your

motherboard is located and um around

these ports of the motherboard we've got

what we call a dust cover I mean it's

got many names now I'm not sure if you

guys have ever noticed but when people

put a motherboard into an empty shell an

empty case somehow magically these metal

plates at the back always align

perfectly of the port of the motherboard

why is that it's because that metal

plate guys actually comes with the

motherboard so if you buy yourself a

motherboard and you open the box of the

motherboard one of the items you'll find

in that box is that plate at the back

it's got many names but most commonly

this is referred to as a dust panel or a

dust cover so if you've got an empty

shell of a case before you even insert

the motherboard or install the

motherboard you're going to take that

dust pad and then from the inside of the

case you're going to press it towards

the outside you're going to hear it

click into place and you're going to

feel it click into place after you've

got that dust panel in place then you

can go and install the motherboard and

of course the ports are going to align

perfectly should you want to remove the

motherboard one day you simply just go

and repeat the process but in Reverse so

you remove the motherboard first and

then on that panel from the outside now

you press inwards and once again you're

going to hear it click out of place and

you're going to feel it click out of

place and it's going to fall to the

inside of the case and voila you can go

and swap the motherboards here at the

bottom there you can see there's your

expansion cards if you have any these

days you'll find that nobody's got any

expansion cards the only cards we've got

is a graphics card people these days

don't install expansion cards anymore

most motherboards don't even come out of

PCI slots anymore they only come out of

PCI E expansion slots which is the

graphics card expansion slots something

you'll learn about a little bit more

later which is actually going to be in

today's module by the way here at the

bottom guys that is the PSU your power

supply unit now in this instance it's at

the bottom but like I said earlier this

can actually be anywhere in a case it

can either be at the top it could be at

the bottom it could be anywhere as long

as the cables are long enough to reach

the various components inside the

computer case here you've got a fan now

by the looks of it this looks like 120

mil fan usually this one blows it out at

the back of the case with most Compu

cases they will suck air in in the front

and they will blow air out at the back

now some of these fancier more modern

gaming cases you'll find they're

actually open at the top as well of the

case and there you'll normally put your

radiator and the fans will blow upwards

and it's going to blow hot air out at

the top as well so hot air will go out

the top it'll go out the back and cool

air will be sucked in from the front of

the case all right folks let's talk

about peripheral devices what the heck

is that now for those of you that don't

know peripheral devices are the various

random components one would go and plug

into your computer stuff outside your

computer not stuff inside your computer

so that being said pereral devices guys

are external components connected to a

computer this can be anything it can be

a flash drive it can be an external

drive it can be your mouse your keyboard

your scanner your printer your webcam

pretty much anything on on the outside

of your case that you're going to go and

connect to your case you know it's

probably going to be via USB these days

anything like that counts as a

peripheral device now usually these

devices guys are

nonessential for its core function

things that are essential be things like

your CPU your hard drive your RAM these

are essential components the stuff you

plug in from the outside most likely

into like a USB port your mouse your

keyboard that kinds of jazz that is not

essential comp component all right folks

and then these peripheral devices they

obviously expand a computer's

capabilities I mean if you look at

something like a printer and a scanner

it gives your computer the ability to go

and print stuff now that might be on the

machine a scanner gives your computer

the ability to go and scan documents

into the machine if you've got an

external drive or a flash drive it gives

your computer additional storage

capabilities which is outside your

machine and it can possibly be

transported to another machine so they

expand on your computer's capabilities

and the do other purposes as well if

you're looking for a couple of examples

of peripheral devices because you guys

are probably looking for some examples I

did in fact give you guys quite a bunch

but let's start with input device

examples input guides are devices that's

going to input information into your

laptop or desktop these would be devices

like keyboard your mouse your scanner

microphone phone webcam that kinds of

stuff hopefully you guys get the idea in

terms of output devices which present

people with an output like your printer

a printer print a document so it's an

output speakers your computer's display

displays what's going on your machine

these are all examples of output devices

guys all right folks let's move on

swiftly to the next topic Universal

series bus cables better known as USB

cables for short now guys if this you

get many USB connector types many many

many ones here's a picture of you guys

on the right hand side of the various

kinds you guys need to be familiar with

now looking at the picture on the right

hand side the main ones you need to know

are the top right hand side these don't

really get asked in the exam but it's

still good to know these for you know

going into the field and all that so

looking at the one at the top left under

USB 2 so looking at the one at the top

left for USB 2 that is normal type A

when we say type A we basically mean

that is a normal normal USB cable the

only thing that's going to be different

here is maybe the speed of the cable but

type A is normally referred to as the

normal normal USB port cable if you look

at type B they're on the USB 2 that's

the speed by the way USB 2 is all

technology very slow I think the the

maximum speed this one can go up is

about 480 megabits per second if I'm not

mistaken so looking at the second one on

the left there on the US b 2 that is

most commonly found behind devices like

printers guys so if you are fortunate

enough to have a printer that gets

plugged in via cable specifically USB

cable that's the cable you would find

plugged in behind the printer and then

the other end of that very same cable

will look like USB type A that's the

part you're going to be plugging into

your machine if you look at the third

cable there on the USB 2 that cable can

be anywhere these days they're actually

a lot less common nowadays so the place

you'll probably find those these days is

maybe with like a cars dash cam I think

that's the most common device I found

them on these days obviously it's not

limited to those devices if you have a

very old digital camera very old

wireless earphones or

headphones uh all of those kinds of

devices actually use this port but one

of the most common devices I've seen at

this exact time we find ourselves in

right now that still use that Port is

probably a car dash cam if you there way

on the right that is well I suppose

that's actually a very old cell phone

charger a lot of devices still use that

so if you've got yourself a Bluetooth

device like a Bluetooth boom box or

speaker they tend to one use these

cables to charge themselves and if you

want to just go and plug something into

this device maybe to transmit you know

music or whatever they use that we also

use these for earphones and headphones

just like the previous one we used to

use these for cell phones to charge them

and transmit stuff to our computers but

they are being phased out so there's a

lot of countries of laws now that's

being enforced which basically force all

cell phone manufacturers to use the same

cable for their devices which is USB

type c that's the one at the bottom

right there guys USB type-c is becoming

very common most phones these days

almost all phones these days will go and

use USB type-c obviously it's not just

limited to phones you'll find that a lot

of these new more modern cases these

days on the motherboard instead of

having just your normal USB ports at the

back on the motherboard they'll in fact

have USB type c ports at the back and

yes you do get those in different speeds

as well it's not just your normal USB

ports that come in different speeds

these type c USB ports also come in

different speeds so if you see a black

USB type a port it's normally the old

USB 2 you know the slow ones if you see

a blue USB port it's usually Ed B fre

and we don't necessarily know which one

but it's usually used B fre if you see a

red one those are even faster but

sometimes you do need to have additional

drivers installed for these to work

looking at the second cable from the

right there on the USB free the most

common place you guys will probably see

that is on an external drive of course

not limited to those devices but if you

have an external drive the cable is

plugs into the external drive that's

what that connector would look like and

the other end of the cable obviously be

normal USB type A if you look at the

type B one there on a USB 3 second from

the left there that's probably the least

common one you guys are going to see we

do get those but they're very uncommon

and then of course the one there on the

left is normal type A that's just going

to be USB free speed all right folks

moving you on to the next topic display

types the different kinds of displays

you get now this is actually a kind of

sort of new topic in this version of A+

I wouldn't say it wasn't the old one but

um this is a new objective that they've

added to to this module so in the past

this was not in this module now it is so

regards to display types first of all

guys you get LCD probably one of the

most common kinds of displays you'll get

on most phone screens and laptops that

kind of stuff so this is probably easily

one of the most common types of display

you get is LCD which is short for liquid

crystal display now the name should kind

of tell you what you need to know it

makes use of liquid crystals to modulate

light which creates images so if any of

you guys happen to have science in

school and you know how light shines

through a prism or a crystal then you

would know you know how LCD works then

you get

L now this guys is a type of LCD monitor

that uses LEDs for back lighting instead

of crystals and a light shining through

the crystals this is LEDs in a

background that is basically creating

the back lighting then you also get o

LED now o LEDs these bad boys use

organic compounds that emit light when

electrical current passes through them

then you get CRT this is probably one of

the oldest ones you'll see on this list

I think it actually is the oldest one on

this list we don't get it CRT anymore by

the way so this one guys uses electron

beams to illuminate phosphorus on the

screen which creates images I think the

last time I saw CRT if I'm being honest

was around

2009 now I stand to be corrected I don't

know if this is the case in all

countries but in my specific country

they got discontinued in the year 2009

and then obviously we still saw them

around you know for another two or 3

years or so but they gradually started

being phased out so I'm assuming it was

kind of sort of more or less the same

period for other countries as well so

probably around the period of 2009 is

when you would have L really seen them

and then up until about maybe 2011 2012

and then they would have kind of just

disappeared from the market you know so

very rarely will you still see those big

CRT screens it looks like a giant big

box you've got to go and carry man thank

goodness we don't have those anymore

then the last one guys that I've got for

you is plasma also relatively old

actually so plasma this one uses ionized

gas I kid you not ionized gas which they

refer to as plasma to emit light and

create the images that you actually see

on the screen right right and then still

kind of on the topic of display kind of

you know being the keywords here so HDMI

and display port video cables guys so

these are the only two video cables you

get that transmit both video and audio

at the same time so if you can look at

the other ones which we are still going

to discuss in this course you know

cables like VGA

VGA

DVI very old s video all of those ones

they for the most part only transmit

video now this guys is in fact a

question in exam I can guarantee you you

will get questions about this in the

exam now normally how they'll refer to

this you know it's probably going to be

a monkey puzzle question that's normally

how they refer to this is they'll say

which of the following cables is able to

transmit both video and audio or is able

to carry both video and audio at the

same time and in the exam they're going

to list four possible answers of which

you can only choose the one and the one

you're going to be looking for is either

HDMI or display port now since they're

both correct they're not going to list

both of them in the exam they'll list

either the one or the other so you just

go and check which one you see if you

see HDMI that's the one you choose if

you see display port that's the one you

choose so just go and check which one of

these two answers you see there that's

going to be your answer folks now in

terms of HDMI which is high definition

multimedia interface there's a picture

of what it looks like so the one on the

left is the standard h HDMI cable you

guys probably would have seen this

behind your TV screen possibly behind

your computer monitor if you've got a

fancy computer monitor maybe on your

gaming graphics card if you've got a

gaming graphics card some of the newer

laptops have got this port so that is

able to obviously carry both sound and

video at the same time now unfortunately

HDMI got royalties and things associated

to that so yeah royalties is always a

bit of a bugger up so unfortunately if

people want to go and use this

technology they've got to go and pay

royalties so yeah a lot of Manufacturers

were like uh-uh we don't want to go and

pay for royalties so somebody somewhere

along the line said hey boys what about

if we come up with our own and that's

where theplay Port joined the party

there's a picture of you guys way on the

right of what theplay port looks like so

at first CL it might look the same but

if you look very closely you'll see the

fitting the little hole that it plugs

into is ever so slightly different it is

unique to that cable the this one

doesn't have any royalties you know

Associated to it I suppose you can call

this open source if you want to it's

available for free to the general public

no royalties has to be paid and it's

able to achieve the exact same as

HDMI now both HDMI and display port what

I'm about to mention is not part of the

course and it will not be an the exam

with both of them you do get different

qualities guys different speeds and

different qualities it's not a matter of

all HDMI cables are the same and it's

not a matter of all display port cables

are the same some of them are different

speeds different qualities and all that

so in some cases you'll find your

graphics card and your PC might support

both HDMI and display port and if your

screen also supports both HDMI and

display port you might want to go and

check on your graphics card which one is

the better quality one on your specific

graphics card and then you just go get

your cable a cable for that specific

port and you're going to get better you

know quality video on your screen and

all that it's not a must but you know if

you're a serious gamer and stuff you'll

probably want to go and do that kind of

stuff and before we move on to the next

topic guys just once again there on your

HDMI if you look at the one there on the

right that's the micro one or the mini

one one um unfortunately it's not really

up to scale in this picture so it's much

much smaller that one you know some of

the newer gamer motherboards might have

that um or some of the newer gamer

graphics cards but generally it's not

that common it's more common to see the

one on the left which is the standard

HDMI size Port all right and then moving

on to a different kind of cable

Thunderbolt and lightning cables so

starting off with Thunderbolt guys now

this one is well kind of looks like USBC

funderbolt can be used as a display

interface like display port which we

just discussed or HDMI actually and as a

general peripheral interface like USB so

you can use as a display port or HDMI or

you can go use this a general peripheral

interface like USB I mean who would have

thought right for those of you don't

know funderbolt versions one and two

they use the same physical interface as

a mini display port and are compatible

with display port so that a monitor with

a display Port can be connected to a

computer via a funderbolt port and a

suitable adapter cable now something you

might also not know is funderbolt ports

are distinguished from mini display port

by a lightning bolt or a flash icon like

the one you guys see there on the cable

version two of the standard supports

Links of up to 20 GBS per second now

folks like display port multiple

monitors can be connected to a single

port by doing something called Daisy

chaining so in other words you're

actually able to go and use one port on

your computer but you'll be able to go

and Link you know two screens three

screens all to one port very convenient

if you are someone with lots of screens

but you find yourself in a pickle where

you might only have well one port

unfortunately it happens to the best of

us what can we say uh guys Thunderbolt

version three this one changes the

physical interface to use the same port

connector and cabling as

USBC now converter cables are available

to connect funderbolt one or two devices

to funderbolt 3 ports so there's always

going to be some sort of adapter

connector you guys can go make use of a

USB device plugged into a thunderbolt

free Port will function normally but

funderbolt devices will not work if

connected to a USB port that is not

funderbolt enabled so if you want to go

and connect the Thunderbolt device to a

USB port and that Port is not funderbolt

enabled yeah no luck it's not going to

work work lastly folks Thunderbolt 3

supports up to 40 GBS per second over a

short high quality cable which is

normally up to about half a meter so

that's approximately you know 1.6 ft if

we use the non-metric system I'm more

familiar with the metric system which is

about half a which is about half a meter

you know 0.5 M but if you're using the

non-metric system that's equivalent to

about 1.6 feet if you're go and use a

converter and then the other cable folks

lightning cable now if you are a Windows

user such as myself then you probably

have never seen this cable you probably

don't know what this cable is this cable

is normally proprietary to you know

apple and iPhone and that kind of stuff

I can't even say that word you know

without butchering it so Apple's iPhone

and Apple's iPad mobile devices use this

lightning cable or lightning Port

connector and the lightning cable is of

course reversible now the lightning Port

is found only on Apple's mobile devices

guys just in case you didn't know so

watch out

might be a question exam now to connect

such a device to a PC you need a

suitable adapter cable such as Lightning

to USB a or lightning to USB C if you

don't have one of those it ain't going

to work okay folks I'm going to move you

on to the last topic for this specific

section that would be S hard drive

cables now for those of you that don't

know s or SATA as some people pronounce

it it is serial advanced technology

attachment that's what it stands for I

doubt uh they will ask you that in the

exam I haven't seen them ask that in the

exam but I mean there you go just in

case so when it comes to these hard

drives folks they connect with two

cables one would be your data cable the

other would be the power cable now in

terms of the data cable there's a

picture of you guys there on the right

hand side of what that would more or

less look like now guys that one is a

bit red in color but the color in

reality does not matter the most common

colors you'll find for these cables are

normally red and yellow sometimes pink

but you can actually find them in pretty

much any color of the rainbow mean I've

got black ones I've seen blue ones I've

seen green ones they can actually be any

color of the rainbow most commonly

however they will be red or yellow but

the color does not matter of these

cables now the good news about these

cables is when it comes to the hard

drive or even optical drive because we

used to use these on the old Optical

drives not something you guys need to

worry about since nobody has Optical

drives anymore but um on a hard drive it

can only go in on one port and it can

only go in one way on your motherboard

should your motherboard have S ports

which they normally do they normally

have at least four of these ports should

it have one that can only go in that one

port and that one port alone so it's not

something you guys have to worry about

it could only fit in one way if you look

very closely in that fitting there

you'll see it looks almost like a little

l-shape and the hole or the socket that

it needs to go into on the motherboard

and the device looks exactly the same

it's got like a little L-shaped you know

thing sticking out of it so this red

cable guys is the data cable the one

that transmits the data between the hard

drive and while your motherboard and

everything else then you get the power

connector so there is a picture of you

guys of what the power connector looks

like that part of the cable guys goes

and connects to your hard drive so

there's only two cables that plugged

into the hardrive drive one is the data

one that one that's r at the top the

other one is the power cable to provide

Power to this device the power cable the

other end of the cable that is going to

be coming from your power supply unit

PSU for short so from the power supply

the power cable plugs into the hard

drive and then the second cable plugs

into the hard drive which is your data

cable and the other end of that cable

plugs into the motherboard pretty

straightforward and a little extra I

don't really know why this isn't a

course but I'm adding it for you guys is

an extra because it's part of the

Molex connector so there is a picture of

you guys on the left hand side of what a

Molex connector looks like that is a

power connector as well it also comes

from the power supply obvious but this

is for all the device in your computer

if you have a very old hard drive a

PARTA not a SATA a PARTA hard drive

which we also refer to as an IDE hard

drive if you have one of those that

would have been the power cable we don't

really see those anymore they're

basically Legacy kind of extinct at this

point in time the very old Optical D

also used to use those and in some cases

well literally in some cases in some

cases you would actually find um the

case fans also using that it's not

recommended to go and connect a case fan

to one of those because the fan would

always be running at a fixed speed and

it will always be running at maximum

speed which is not always what we want

sometimes the machine might just be

idling and now the fans are running at

maximum speed the whole time which is

not ideal you'll find it a lot of fans

these days the the new more modern fans

they've got additional cables you can go

and plug into the motherboard and that

allows your motherboard to go and

control the speed of the fans so the

more heavy lifting your computer does

the harder it works well obviously then

the hotter it's going to get and then

the faster the fans will start spinning

automatically so that's your computer

doing that but if you're going to just

plug it into one of those Molex

connectors I mean it's not the worst

thing it could happen but your fans are

always going to be running at maximum

speed and let's face it some of these

fans are quite noisy all right folks so

that finally brings us to the end of the

first section in the module moving you

guys into the second main section of

this module which is

motherboards now the first topic up on

this module guys is electrical safety and

and

ESD if you don't know what ESD stands

for it's electrostatic discharge now

before we can talk about motherboards

it's very important that you know what

this is and how to go and avoid it so

for those of you that don't know the

human body has enough static electricity

in it to blow circuit boards like the

motherboard like your RAM chips like

your graphics card and things like that

so what we want to do is we want to

discharge safely so that we don't blow

these circuit boards of ours now the

good news here is in real life these

boards have actually become so robust

they're not as sensitive as they used to

be about 10 or 15 years ago so chances

are if you go and pick up a motherboard

these days you're very unlikely to go

and blow it but we still need to cover

this topic we still need to explain it

and we still need to understand it

because it's definitely something they

will ask you about in the exam normally

the average person would get at least

one question about this in exam

sometimes up to three questions about

this in exam but you can expect at least

one question about this exam so it's

important you understand what this is

but more important how you can avoid it

so the exam for nor test if you know

what can be done to avoid this from

happening and you know from the customer

or the user or yourself from blowing a

circuit board so first things first guys

when it comes to electrical safety just

in general always disconnect the power

so if you are about to go and work on a

desktop computer for instance go and

turn off the power behind the power

supply there's normally a little button

behind the power supply I'll show you

guys later what that button looks like

once you've turn the power off you know

behind the power supply make sure it's

turned off by the wall socket unplug it

from the wall socket and if you really

want to be paranoid you can also go and

unplug in your power supply so

completely turn the power off completely

disconnect the power never assume that

these buttons are working there's always

a first time for everything one day is

one day and you or that person are going

to go and turn the power off just by the

wall or just the power supply and then

you might find that button is faulty now

I've never ever seen that happen yet

being the keyword here but there's

always a first time so safety should

always be your number one concern guys

and I can tell you now they will test

you on that an the exam so as long as

you always put Safety First you'll

always get the question right in the

exam now getting back to the actual

topic here ESD electrostatic discharge

guys now what can we go and use to help

avoid this so tools wise you'll find

that the tools you go and use to go and

build a PC you going to install the

motherboard or do whatever in the PC

these tools guys at first clance they

might look like normal tools but they're

not these tools are anti-static if you

going to get yourself a little toolkit

that comes with the screwdrivers and

everything you need to go and both

pieces these screwdrivers you'll find

are not magnetic they're not static you

can go and use them they're specialized

they're specifically made for computers

if you're going to go and use a normal

Screwdriver from a normal toolbox often

you'll find that these screwdrivers have

got magnetic tips and these screwdrivers

are not anti-static so you actually

stand a very good chance of blowing your

motherboard by using a normal standard

screwdriver and yeah we just don't

recommend that what you'll also notice

is when you buy electrical components

for a computer the motherboard the hard

drive the graphics discard all of these

boards and stuff you'll find they come

in a special bag at first glance it

might look like a normal bag to you guys

but it's not that folks is an

anti-static bag so if this item that

you're buying is in a static environment

it's not going to it's not going to do

anything because that's an anti-static

bag you'll feel it's actually a very

thick bag it feels like a hard kind of

weird plastic to a certain degree some

of them are actually a little

transparent uh but it's an antithetic

bag so if you have one of these bags

and let's say you just bought an item I

would not throw these bags away you're

always going to need them again later so

if you've got an old secondhand item you

just took out of a computer case it's

always a good idea to not just put it

randomly somewhere put it in one of

these old bags of yours at least you can

prevent this item from well from blowing

you know because of some static you know

in that environment now what they will

especially test you on in the exam is if

you know you can go and use what we call

an anti-static wrist strap or a rubber

mat now the course itself we for the

most part just mentioned the wrist strap

but strangely enough in the exam they

sometimes test you on stuff which is not

mentioned in the official courses the

official courses don't really mention

the rubber mat but in the exam there's

two possible answers it can either be an

antistatic wrist strap there's a picture

for you guys of what that might look

like so you can go and put this little

thing around your wrist or your ankle we

call it a wrist strap but the fact of

the matter is it doesn't really matter

where your on your body you put it you

can put it around your ankle you can put

it around your wrist and then you can

see it's it's got a little alligator

clip there you're supposed to go and

clip that onto something that's grounded

preferably something metal so if you're

working on a computer case ideally

you're going to go and clip it onto the

frame of the computer case not the

outside preferably guys the inside of

the frame the outside might feel like

metal it might sound like metal but in

some cases the outside is not really

conductive it's a weird kind of metal so

the inside the frame is normally a

conductive metal so always clip this on

the inside of the frame never the

outside of frame that's not something

that will test you on the exam that's

just me giving you guys extra tips life

lessons you guys don't go and blow

something so always clip it onto

something metal preferably the inside of

the frame if you're going to go and clip

this onto a table which you can by the

way it doesn't really help to go and

clip this onto a wooden table it has to

be a metal table which is on the ground

so this table obviously has to be making

contact with the ground otherwise it's

not really going to work because you're

not grounded guys all right and then

before I continue to the next topic guys

what you can also go and use is a rubber

mat now the proper way to go and do this

not that anybody actually does this is

underneath your feet there's supposed to

be a special rubber mat and then on the

desk where you're going to be working on

these computers on the desk there's

supposed to be a rubber mat as well and

then you put the piec on that rubber mat

while you're standing on the second

rubber mat now according to compa that's

what you're supposed to go and do you're

supposed to stand on a rubber mat you're

supposed to put a PC on the rubber mat

and you're supposed to go and ground

yourself using what we call an anti

static risk trap in real life guys most

people don't do that I can tell you now

more than 90% of people don't do that so

there's a difference between what you

learn in books and in the courses versus

what you're actually going to be doing

in reality unfortunately this is part of

the course and unfortunately I can

guarantee you they will ask you this an

exam even though nobody actually does

this so please remember this for your

exam once you guys pass the exam then

it's not as crucial as you remember this

in in real life what most of us will go

and do is if you're busy building a PC

instead of having a rubber mat or

antithetic wrist strap you're probably

just going to touch the frame so you can

literally just use your hand touch the

inside of the computer frame and then

you can go and work with the components

inside you would have just safely

discharge yourself into the frame of the

computer case but if you were to walk

away a few steps to go and pick up a

screwdriver or something perhaps and you

walk back you'll have to do this again

in the beginning I'm not going to lie to

you it's going to require a lot of

concentration to remember to do this but

eventually you're going to get used to

this so quickly it's going to become

muscle memory you're going to do it

without even noticing it guys this is

like putting on your safety belt in the

car in the beginning your parents might

tell you put on your safety belt and

it's going to require concentration from

your side to remember to do this you

know they might have to remind you a

couple of times but now you're probably

at a point in time in your life where

you might do this instinctively without

even thinking about it if I ask you

afterwards did you wear your safety belt

you might be like I think so meanwhile

you did you did it instinctively without

even thinking thinking about it that's

called muscle memory so you're going to

get to a point very quickly you wouldn't

believe how quickly this happens where

you're going to go and do this

automatically because of muscle memory

all right folks let's move on to

motherboard connector types all right so

folks the base set of connectors for CPU

memory disc drive and peripherals where

is that there's a picture of you guys

there on the right hand side it's not

the best picture so what I'll do is um

I'll show you guys practically on a

video in a few moments what this will

actually look like on an old motherboard

that I've got lying around it's

strangely enough a working PC that I'm

going to be showing you guys this on but

it's a very old PC but the concept still

applies me in the end of the day 1 plus

one is always going to be two so using

this picture for the moment you can see

there is the CPU socket so we call that

the CPU because it used to be in a

central so Central Processing Unit

because from top to bottom as well as

left to right it used to be in the

center it wasn't always a chip it

actually used to be a slot for a card in

the middle that used to be your CPU back

then CPUs were not as fast as they are

nowadays and then eventually as time

went by these things got faster and

faster so there was obviously a need to

go and change the technology a card for

a CPU was no longer suitable so we had

to go and change this to a CPU socket on

the motherboard so that's how we ended

up with that socket now there at top so

from left to right it's still more less

in the middle from top to bottom not so

much if if you look there way on the

right hand side these are your memory

slots guys also known as your system

memory also known as your RAM or Random

Access Memory this picture we've got in

front of us where we've got four Ram

slots some motherboards might only have

two Ram slots so on average you'll see

between two or four Ram slots if you can

look at something like a Server

Motherboard they could have up to 16 or

even more RAM slots not something you

guys need to worry about at A+ level A+

for the most part only covers laptops

and desktops what you guys will also

notice you know I can might as well

mention this now but we are going to

cover this later if you look at this Ram

slots I know it's not the clearest

picture you'll notice that out of those

four Ram slots there's two different

colors the one closest to the CP is a

dark color you it's like a dark gray the

second closest one to the CPU is like a

light gray and then the third one is the

same as the first one it's like a dark

gray and then the fourth one is the same

as the second one this is because of

channels guys ideally you want to put

RAM on the same channel so as an example

if I put a ram chip in that first slot

the dark gray one on the left if I'm

lucky enough to have a second ram chip

I'm not going to put it in the second

slot I'm in fact going to put it in the

third slot because that's the same

channel you're going to fill up a

Channel first it works better that way

because of the bandwidth and all that u

in the past it was sometimes better to

start the slot closest to the CPU

because of the distance to us it doesn't

really look like a big difference there

but for computers that's light your

apart nowadays you'll find a lot of the

new modern gaming motherboards and stuff

instead of starting you at slot one and

then slot three they'll start you at

slot two and Slot four so if you lucky

enough to have two RAM chips you'll put

your first Ram chip into slot two that

will be the light gray one closest to

the CPU and your second ramp chip into

slot four now normally your motherboard

will indicate which one you have to go

and use never mind having to go look at

the manual right next to those Ram slots

on the motherboard I know you guys can

this picture but literally on the

motherboard these slots will be very

clearly labeled and it will tell you

fill slot two and Slot four first it

actually says so physically on the

motherboard of a little picture there so

even if you've never done this before in

your life if you look at the motherboard

right before you're about to put the RAM

chips and you'll see oh hang on guys

here it shows me I need to use slot two

and Slot four first it actually shows

you on the motherboard I kid you not

something they did not do in the past on

very old motherboards if you look there

on the left hand side guys we call that

your IO so that's your input and output

you know ports so input will be things

like a mouse a keyboard U output will be

obviously be something like a screen a

printer you know that kind of stuff so

that's all your input and output ports

if you look way on the right there that

is your sop ports those ones are facing

sideways now some of the older

motherboards the old lowquality

motherboards the ports will be facing

upwards towards us when you're facing

the motherboard now because of the

graphics card slot being often aligned

under the SAA ports um somebody said you

know what what if we have these SAA

ports facing sideways otherwise we're

not going to be able to get a cable in

there now as for the graphics card there

is the slot a lot of motherboards these

days you'll find might have more than

one graphics card slot they might have

two they might have three but at the

very least they nor only have one slot

we call that your PCI E slot so that one

is right there that's going to be the

top slot there guys and if you check

there you'll see it's aligned with the

SAA ports so if I happen to have a

Graphic squ which often extends while

beyond the edge of this motherboard and

I happen to have SAA cables want to plug

in for SAA hard drives that's going to

be an issue if those SAA ports were

facing upwards because the graphics card

would have been in the way you're going

to have to sacrifice the S device or the

graphics card so some designer said you

know what no the heck of that boys what

if we have these sort of points facing

sideways instead of upwards then we can

kind of Wiggle in the SAA cables

underneath there and still have the

graphics go we don't have to sacrifice

either or of these two if you look load

of graphics card slot there guys you'll

see there's a couple other slots there

as well as I said some of them might be

additional graphics card slots I Can See

Clearly in this picture some of them

might just be what we call normal PCI

slots times four that's basically the

speed of the slot so these normal PCI

slots which are very uncommon nowadays

are for for other expansion things

things like a sound card a TV card an

old modem nobody uses any of those old

expansion cards so nowadays the only

card somebody would go and put in there

is obviously going to be a graphics card

for the the most part folks so what I'm

going to do for you guys in this module

just a little bit later in the video is

I'm going to show you guys a video with

in this video of where I've got an ATX

motherboard a normal standard ATX form

factor motherboard kind of an old one

but just where I show you guys

physically on a real motherboard where

you find each of these components so I'm

going to first for now continue of these

little animations and then once we've

covered all the topics we'll show you

guys practically on the real motherboard

where you would find these things what

it actually looks like on the real

motherboard so before we get to that

let's first move on to the next topic

CPU socket and motherboard heat sinks so

first of all guys with regards to the

socket type for the CPU this depends on

a manufacturer so normally when most of

us want to build a PC the first thing

you need to decide is what brand of CPU

do you want do you want Intel or do you

want AMD these two are the two alpha

dogs when it comes to CPUs you going to

have to go and decide which one you want

want which one you're a fan of or what

your unique needs are so if you want to

do workloads you might choose the one if

you want to play gaming you might choose

the other one and um even if you go and

decide hey I would like to get myself an

Intel or hey I would like to get myself

an AMD it's not a matter of let me just

go get myself a CPU that's normally what

we start with is you decide on the brand

of the CPU and when you decide on the

make and the model of the CPU based on

your spec requirements and based on your

budget once you to start in a CPU then

you check what motherboard supports that

CPU of yours so if I'm looking at an

Intel CPU and the CPU is an

1155 that means it's got

1155 contact points pins so on the

motherboard if you go check the

motherboard will have

1,155 little pins very small little pins

that's going to make contact with that

CPU underneath the CPU that Intel CPU if

you were to lift it up you'll see little

contact points 1,000

155 so whatever socket of CP you get you

need to make sure you get the same

socket motherboard guys otherwise you're

going to have a mismatch and it's not

going to fit and it's not going to make

proper contact AMD Works slightly

different so if AMD if you've got

yourself an AMD ryzen CPU normally most

of them are going to be ryzen you need

to make sure you've got the right

motherboard so there probably going to

be something along the lines of an am4

motherboard or an am5 motherboard am4 is

the older generation guys so if you have

a gaming PC which is probably going to

be why you've got an AMD PC you most

likely have an am4 motherboard if you

built your PC let's say 3 or 5 years ago

then you probably have an am4

motherboard of one of the older

generation CPUs if you built your PC

recently especially if it's a high-spec

machine you're more than likely have an

am5 motherboard with the newer

generation of CPU chips so it's all

about how new your motherboard is the

newer motherboards which are am5 on the

AMD side ver support the newer CPUs um

unfortunately if you've got an older

motherboard which is three or 5 years

old or older it will not necessarily

support the newer CPUs you'll 10 to one

have to go and change the motherboard to

support that new CPU and if you change

the motherboard you'll more than likely

have to change the ram as well most of

the old am4 motherboards support ddr4

Ram if you know what that is so Ram wise

it supports ddr4 most of them and then

the newer am5 motherboards they for the

most part support ddr5 Rams you're

probably going to end up Chang changing

your RAM as well if you guys know what

that is more on that later now as for

the CPU socket as you guys can see there

on the picture it's the same picture we

had earlier it's just a little bit more

zoomed in it's that square little socket

so whether this be Intel whether it be

AMD potato potato it's always going to

be in the same location it's usually a

square little socket near the memory

banks when they say memory banks they

mean those Ram slots you see they're on

the right hand side now when you do

eventually decide to go and put a CPU in

whether it be Intel or MD you're going

to have to cool that sucker down guys if

it's a low level or low spec machine

it's probably going to be an air cooler

so on top of that CPU you're going to

put a heat sink it's going to be a piece

of metal which is generally made out of

aluminum because aluminium absorbs heat

very well it's going to be in the shape

and form of fins and the reason for that

is because you're going to have a fan

connected to that heat sink that blows

air through the heat sink cooling it

down even further so aluminium is a very

good conductor of heat it's stays cool

very well but to Aid of that even

further you've got a fan blowing between

the heat sink fins to cool it down even

further now if you have a lot of money

and if you've got a highs spe gaming

machine you tend to want to got yourself

a liquid cooling system kind of like

what we saw in the beginning of this

video instead of having a an aluminum

heat sink on top of the CPU of a fan

you'll have some sort of water block on

top of that CPU and that is going to

absorb the Heat and it's going to pump

that to a radiator elsewhere and um

through that radiator you're going to

have a bunch of fans blowing a bunch of

fence kind of the same concept except

it's just going to be water so end of

the day as long as you cool down the CPU

that is the most important thing here

folks if you're wondering what this heat

sink and fan looks like don't stress

that is going to be in the videos later

on as well so just stay tuned for that

for now let's first get you guys to the

memory side of things so in terms of

memory slots guys that is your random

access memory or should I say system

memory we usually refer to this as

random access memory RAM for short now

folks this is the principal storage

space for computer data and program

instructions it's an example of volatile

memory if you don't know what that means

volatile memory loses data when power is

lost if you still don't know what I mean

by that so let's cover volatile memory

here anything you've got open in your

machine guys like you tend to want have

a web browser open in your device right

now whether it be your phone or your

laptop or your desktop you've got a web

browser open most likely and on that

browser you're probably watching YouTube

now that browser guys is loaded into

your RAM anything you've got open on

your device let's say your laptop or

desktop would it be a program a game a

document or a file anything you've got

open gets loaded into your RAM

temporarily think of that as your

working space the ram is one of the

fastest types of memory you get in your

computer your hard drive you know or at

least the old hard drives were not that

fast usually the older hard drives was

the slowest comp component in any

computer for hard drive guys is your

long-term permanent storage so anything

you've installed all your documents and

files are stored there and when you turn

your PC off it's not lost the next time

you turn your machine back on you'll

have to go double click on that fileer

document or double click on the icon of

that program again it's going to load it

from your slow long-term memory being

the hard drive into your faster memory

being your RAM so the ram is much faster

than your hard drive but it's

unfortunately volatile so it's much much

faster but it's temporary so if you were

to turn your PC off anything that was in

the ram is now lost now if I have to

give you a better example imagine you've

got a bunch of stuff open your PC

documents and files and programs and

stuff and if you have a desktop piece

and You Yank out the power cord would

you agree with me that everything you

had open will be closed now it's closed

because it was in your RAM and it's now

lost if you start that PC back up again

by plugging the power cable in and you

hit the power button the files are not

gone they're not missing they're just

not open anymore but if you go and

double click on those documents again or

you open that program again it's going

to load it from the hard drive back into

the ram again so the files are not lost

per se they're just closed they were

temporarily in your RAM while you've got

them open and while you're using them

but as soon as power is lost anything in

the ram was open is lost so if they ask

you in exam give an example of volatile

memory because that's a question you

might get in the exam the example would

be ram ram folks is an example of

volatile memory if you look at something

like a computer's hard drive that's an

example of nonvolatile memory because if

power is lost whatever is on a hard

drive is not lost that is long-term C

Storage guys it's slow well at least if

we look at the old part drives and the

old s drives they're generally slow if

you look at the new M2 slots that

they've got on motherboards for those of

you know what that is that's not so slow

those are actually quite fast these days

now these RAM chips folks they're

normally packaged as dims double-sided

memory so you usually going to have to

try and use to the best of your ability

two RAM chips you'll find on both sides

of the ram chip is Squad memory and um

if you can do your best to try and get

two RAM chips not just one one is not

too good and if you got more than two

that's also not good so just because

you've got four Ram chip slots guys does

not mean you should try and fill or full slots The Sweet Spot is normally two RAM

slots The Sweet Spot is normally two RAM chips one yeah it'll give you a lot of

chips one yeah it'll give you a lot of ram it'll give you decent speed but

ram it'll give you decent speed but you're not going to have the the optimal

you're not going to have the the optimal bandwidth two RAM chips is better so

bandwidth two RAM chips is better so instead of having just one ram chip of

instead of having just one ram chip of eight gigs you'll be better off having

eight gigs you'll be better off having two RAM chips of 4 gig each respectively

two RAM chips of 4 gig each respectively because of the bandwidth now yes you can

because of the bandwidth now yes you can go and add a third or a fourth but then

go and add a third or a fourth but then you're going to go and you know cause

you're going to go and you know cause instability in your system it's going to

instability in your system it's going to get slower again so The Sweet Spot is

get slower again so The Sweet Spot is the end of the day going to always be

the end of the day going to always be two RAM chips for most machines very

two RAM chips for most machines very rarely will you get you know proper

rarely will you get you know proper stability out of four RAM chips so if

stability out of four RAM chips so if you just need a lot of ram I suppose you

you just need a lot of ram I suppose you can go and do that but if you are a

can go and do that but if you are a serious gamer or someone that needs

serious gamer or someone that needs series speed and stuff like that then

series speed and stuff like that then you're going to want to try and keep the

you're going to want to try and keep the two RAM chips guys you'll see any proper

two RAM chips guys you'll see any proper gamer wory salt will always have only

gamer wory salt will always have only two RAM chips in not more than two more

two RAM chips in not more than two more than two causes instability in a system

than two causes instability in a system all right then I'm going to move you on

all right then I'm going to move you on to the bottom left of the motherboard

to the bottom left of the motherboard guys on the bottom left of most

guys on the bottom left of most motherboards you will find the seos and

motherboards you will find the seos and RTC Batteries Now to help aid with this

RTC Batteries Now to help aid with this if you guys don't know what the camos

if you guys don't know what the camos battery is uh that battery guys Powers

battery is uh that battery guys Powers the chipset that keeps track of the date

the chipset that keeps track of the date and time for the system it's also

and time for the system it's also referred to as I said the RTC battery or

referred to as I said the RTC battery or clock battery there's a bit of a picture

clock battery there's a bit of a picture for you guys in this picture you can see

for you guys in this picture you can see it looks like a coin cell battery you'll

it looks like a coin cell battery you'll actually you find that exact same size

actually you find that exact same size battery in your car's remote depending

battery in your car's remote depending on the car you drive and then this

on the car you drive and then this picture it's at the bottom left of the

picture it's at the bottom left of the motherboard that's actually a very

motherboard that's actually a very common place to find it somewhere in the

common place to find it somewhere in the vicinity of the bottom left of the

vicinity of the bottom left of the motherboard but they can also

motherboard but they can also potentially be located at the bottom

potentially be located at the bottom right of the motherboard depending on

right of the motherboard depending on the brand and a model of your

the brand and a model of your motherboard these batteries folks on

motherboard these batteries folks on average last approximately about 5 to 10

average last approximately about 5 to 10 years so if you buy yourself a

years so if you buy yourself a motherboard chances are probably going

motherboard chances are probably going to last you 10 years if not longer the

to last you 10 years if not longer the motherboard will break or fail long

motherboard will break or fail long before before the battery fails but

before before the battery fails but there are a couple of Duds out there I

there are a couple of Duds out there I have come across quite a few clients

have come across quite a few clients where the battery would fail literally

where the battery would fail literally within a year or two after this

within a year or two after this motherboard was bought and I suppose

motherboard was bought and I suppose this could be a matter of maybe it was

this could be a matter of maybe it was old stock in a factory maybe it's a d

old stock in a factory maybe it's a d maybe something else happened but on

maybe something else happened but on average the batteries will long exceed

average the batteries will long exceed the lifespan of the motherboard now due

the lifespan of the motherboard now due to that you'll probably end up having a

to that you'll probably end up having a lot of old failed motherboards or broken

lot of old failed motherboards or broken motherboards lying in a box somewhere

motherboards lying in a box somewhere all of which where the batteries are

all of which where the batteries are still perfectly fine and eventually one

still perfectly fine and eventually one day if you happen to come across a

day if you happen to come across a client or a user where the battery seems

client or a user where the battery seems to be the problem instead of having to

to be the problem instead of having to go and buy a new battery they're not

go and buy a new battery they're not expensive actually very inexpensive but

expensive actually very inexpensive but instead of having to go for the

instead of having to go for the inconvenience of having to go and buy a

inconvenience of having to go and buy a battery you could just go to that box of

battery you could just go to that box of yours which just got all these old

yours which just got all these old motherboards and just go and snatch one

motherboards and just go and snatch one of those old batteries and swap them and

of those old batteries and swap them and you're going to find it's going to work

you're going to find it's going to work just fine so what does it do it helps

just fine so what does it do it helps keep track of the system date and time

keep track of the system date and time if you've ever plugged out a desktop PC

if you've ever plugged out a desktop PC and let's say you kept kept it plugged

and let's say you kept kept it plugged out for a while a couple of days or

out for a while a couple of days or weeks and you plugged it back in you

weeks and you plugged it back in you probably would have noticed by now that

probably would have noticed by now that the date and the time is always correct

the date and the time is always correct for some strange reason how is it that

for some strange reason how is it that your machine always remembers the date

your machine always remembers the date and the time even though it was plugged

and the time even though it was plugged out that guys is because of this coin

out that guys is because of this coin sell seos battery it helps the buyers

sell seos battery it helps the buyers remember various things like the system

remember various things like the system date and time it helps you to remember

date and time it helps you to remember all kinds of other settings like your

all kinds of other settings like your bio password if you have one your system

bio password if you have one your system boot or so if you want to boot from your

boot or so if you want to boot from your hard drive first instead of a CD ROM or

hard drive first instead of a CD ROM or instead of a flash drive or instead of

instead of a flash drive or instead of the network it's going to help the

the network it's going to help the system remember those settings any bios

system remember those settings any bios related settings whether it be

related settings whether it be overclocking whatever the camos battery

overclocking whatever the camos battery helps the computer remember that so if

helps the computer remember that so if you've got some sort of configuration

you've got some sort of configuration settings or whatever in your bios and

settings or whatever in your bios and you're not sure how to going to reset

you're not sure how to going to reset them including the password I might add

them including the password I might add removing the coin cell battery will

removing the coin cell battery will force the BIOS to forget that so

force the BIOS to forget that so normally I would you remove it for about

normally I would you remove it for about 5 minutes it doesn't always forget

5 minutes it doesn't always forget immediately so if you have a BIOS

immediately so if you have a BIOS password and you want to bypass that

password and you want to bypass that maybe it's for legitimate reasons one

maybe it's for legitimate reasons one way would be to go remove the battery

way would be to go remove the battery wait about 5 to 10 minutes put it back

wait about 5 to 10 minutes put it back in and the next time you start that

in and the next time you start that piece you're going to see it's not going

piece you're going to see it's not going to know what the date is it's going to

to know what the date is it's going to have no clue what the time is it's not

have no clue what the time is it's not going to have a clue what the boot order

going to have a clue what the boot order is you will have to go and reconfigure

is you will have to go and reconfigure all of this stuff from scratch again but

all of this stuff from scratch again but that's a quite a nice easy way to go and

that's a quite a nice easy way to go and reset everything back to defaults if you

reset everything back to defaults if you make a boo boo along the line all right

make a boo boo along the line all right all right folks and then in terms of

all right folks and then in terms of expansion slots what is that I did very

expansion slots what is that I did very briefly show you guys earlier in one of

briefly show you guys earlier in one of those animation pictures I showed you

those animation pictures I showed you guys the PCI E and the PCI slot so I

guys the PCI E and the PCI slot so I will show you guys this again later in

will show you guys this again later in that other video I was talking about so

that other video I was talking about so just stay tuned for that but for the

just stay tuned for that but for the time being until we get there an

time being until we get there an expansion slot guys this is connection

expansion slot guys this is connection slots on the motherboard in which

slots on the motherboard in which adapter cards like your graphics card

adapter cards like your graphics card can be installed to extend a range of

can be installed to extend a range of functions the computer can perform now

functions the computer can perform now most of us including myself will

most of us including myself will probably only use this to go and add

probably only use this to go and add something like a graphics card let's

something like a graphics card let's face it that's the only thing that most

face it that's the only thing that most of us are going to be using these

of us are going to be using these expansion cards for is to go and add a

expansion cards for is to go and add a fancy fancy graphics card because maybe

fancy fancy graphics card because maybe you want to go and play games or maybe

you want to go and play games or maybe you need this graphics card to go and do

you need this graphics card to go and do something like rendering I actually use

something like rendering I actually use a fancy graphics card to do the

a fancy graphics card to do the rendering for these videos um it's in

rendering for these videos um it's in your interest to have a graphics card if

your interest to have a graphics card if you don't have a proper graphics card

you don't have a proper graphics card rendering these videos that we make on

rendering these videos that we make on YouTube is actually a bit of a mission

YouTube is actually a bit of a mission I'm not saying it's impossible but trust

I'm not saying it's impossible but trust me it's a mission especially if you have

me it's a mission especially if you have a video that's as long as these ones uh

a video that's as long as these ones uh normal onboard graphics cards really are

normal onboard graphics cards really are not good at rendering long form videos

not good at rendering long form videos like this one you need a proper graphics

like this one you need a proper graphics card otherwise your system is just going

card otherwise your system is just going to crash on you other expansion cards

to crash on you other expansion cards could be of course a TV card a WiFi card

could be of course a TV card a WiFi card a modem not that we're going to be using

a modem not that we're going to be using any of those I think realistically the

any of those I think realistically the only one that you guys might use is a

only one that you guys might use is a wireless card to give your desktop PC

wireless card to give your desktop PC wireless capability like a laptop now

wireless capability like a laptop now the new latest motherboards for gaming

the new latest motherboards for gaming PC and stuff they actually come with

PC and stuff they actually come with built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth believe it

built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth believe it or not but if you have a relatively old

or not but if you have a relatively old motherboard or one it's not such a high

motherboard or one it's not such a high spec motherboard then maybe you want

spec motherboard then maybe you want maybe you want Wi-Fi if you want Wi-Fi

maybe you want Wi-Fi if you want Wi-Fi you can just go and add a cheap

you can just go and add a cheap expansion card into one of those PCI

expansion card into one of those PCI slots and voila now I'll elaborate on

slots and voila now I'll elaborate on that a little bit later once I show you

that a little bit later once I show you guys that video I'll show you guys where

guys that video I'll show you guys where these PCI slots and graphics card slots

these PCI slots and graphics card slots are now these slots folks they've got a

are now these slots folks they've got a multibus design which allows different

multibus design which allows different expansion slots on a motherboard and

expansion slots on a motherboard and they do generally have support for all

they do generally have support for all the Technologies as well you'll find a

the Technologies as well you'll find a lot of them are actually backwards

lot of them are actually backwards compatible now for the time being before

compatible now for the time being before we move on to the bottom right of the

we move on to the bottom right of the motherboard uh and before I show you

motherboard uh and before I show you guys that video here's just the picture

guys that video here's just the picture again at the bottom left of the

again at the bottom left of the motherboard there is a better picture of

motherboard there is a better picture of the PCI E slot so if you look at the top

the PCI E slot so if you look at the top one there guys that says time 16 that is

one there guys that says time 16 that is your PCI E slot which we use for the

your PCI E slot which we use for the graphics cards even though it says pcie

graphics cards even though it says pcie you get different speed you get

you get different speed you get different versions you get

different versions you get pcie3 PCI E4 pci5 I think five is

pcie3 PCI E4 pci5 I think five is currently latest version so depending on

currently latest version so depending on the version you've got that'll dictate

the version you've got that'll dictate which graphics cards and stuff you can

which graphics cards and stuff you can go and run normally the newer ports are

go and run normally the newer ports are backwards compartible so if you've got

backwards compartible so if you've got an Old Port it's not forwards

an Old Port it's not forwards compartible but the newer ports are

compartible but the newer ports are backwards compatible so the new stuff is

backwards compatible so the new stuff is always backwards compatible you'll find

always backwards compatible you'll find this one looks like it's got a second

this one looks like it's got a second graphics card slot as well which is an

graphics card slot as well which is an old slower one so usually most of these

old slower one so usually most of these other slots will normally be white and

other slots will normally be white and color that's not set in stone in any way

color that's not set in stone in any way guys there can actually be any color the

guys there can actually be any color the rainbow but these other slots will

rainbow but these other slots will usually be white on most motherboards

usually be white on most motherboards and we just refer to them as normal PCI

and we just refer to them as normal PCI slots uh you'll normally see them put

slots uh you'll normally see them put like a little x x 4 there which is to

like a little x x 4 there which is to indicate the speed and you can see

indicate the speed and you can see obviously there those small ones the

obviously there those small ones the times one one those are the small little

times one one those are the small little expansion cards now guys this whole

expansion cards now guys this whole motherboard concept that I'm explaining

motherboard concept that I'm explaining to you guys and show you guys this is in

to you guys and show you guys this is in fact questions in exam it's not just a

fact questions in exam it's not just a question exam it's a pbq in exam if you

question exam it's a pbq in exam if you don't know what a pbq is that is short

don't know what a pbq is that is short for performance-based question it's a

for performance-based question it's a simulation now if you guys don't know

simulation now if you guys don't know most of your questions in A+ exam will

most of your questions in A+ exam will be Theory based and multiple choice

be Theory based and multiple choice based they will ask you a question and

based they will ask you a question and you'll have a choice between four

you'll have a choice between four possible answers of which you can

possible answers of which you can usually just choose one after you've

usually just choose one after you've chosen your your answer of choice you'll

chosen your your answer of choice you'll just move on to the next question now

just move on to the next question now you get a couple other different kinds

you get a couple other different kinds of questions one of which is a pbq

of questions one of which is a pbq they'll give you something practical to

they'll give you something practical to do now this is a dragon drop pbq so in

do now this is a dragon drop pbq so in the exam should you be one of the

the exam should you be one of the Unfortunate Souls that gets this

Unfortunate Souls that gets this specific simulation this is not

specific simulation this is not guaranteed they'll give you a picture of

guaranteed they'll give you a picture of a motherboard kind of like a cartoon

a motherboard kind of like a cartoon motherboard like the one I've been

motherboard like the one I've been giving you guys and on the left hand

giving you guys and on the left hand side you'll see a list of components

side you'll see a list of components CPU Ram you know graphics card that

CPU Ram you know graphics card that kinds of stuff on the right hand side on

kinds of stuff on the right hand side on the motherboard they'll have empty slots

the motherboard they'll have empty slots or empty name slots for each component

or empty name slots for each component and your job is going to be to go and

and your job is going to be to go and drag the correct name to the correct

drag the correct name to the correct component

component so on the left hand side you might see

so on the left hand side you might see the name CPU your job would then be to

the name CPU your job would then be to go and drag the name CPU to the correct

go and drag the name CPU to the correct place on the motherboard to indicated

place on the motherboard to indicated you know where the CPU is so it's very

you know where the CPU is so it's very important you know where what on the

important you know where what on the motherboard goes not just from an exam

motherboard goes not just from an exam perspective because they're going to ask

perspective because they're going to ask you about an exam but also because of

you about an exam but also because of the field guys you're probably going to

the field guys you're probably going to have to go and know how to go on

have to go and know how to go on troubleshoot machines and how to go on

troubleshoot machines and how to go on build machines so never mind the exam

build machines so never mind the exam this is something you guys do need to

this is something you guys do need to know in fact guys so please ensure you

know in fact guys so please ensure you know where what on the motherboard goes

know where what on the motherboard goes if you don't feel comfortable with this

if you don't feel comfortable with this I would definitely encourage you guys to

I would definitely encourage you guys to go and rewatch this video maybe not the

go and rewatch this video maybe not the whole video but at least the motherboard

whole video but at least the motherboard section of the video the part where I

section of the video the part where I explain where what goes on the

explain where what goes on the motherboard please make sure you know

motherboard please make sure you know that for the exam these pbqs do count

that for the exam these pbqs do count for an insane amount of marks in the

for an insane amount of marks in the exam guys should you get the pbq wrong

exam guys should you get the pbq wrong there's a very real chance you can fail

there's a very real chance you can fail the exam all right so I'm moving you

the exam all right so I'm moving you guys on to the bottom right of the

guys on to the bottom right of the motherboard storage bus or should I say

motherboard storage bus or should I say sat and IDE now IDE guys is also known

sat and IDE now IDE guys is also known as PARTA p a that is the old concept

as PARTA p a that is the old concept hard drives and Optical drives and stuff

hard drives and Optical drives and stuff if you look there at the top there of

if you look there at the top there of this picture I no it's at the bottom

this picture I no it's at the bottom right the motherboard but if you look

right the motherboard but if you look there at the top there is an example of

there at the top there is an example of an old IDE E port that actually looks

an old IDE E port that actually looks like it's going to be for a floppy desk

like it's going to be for a floppy desk drive because of how small it is and if

drive because of how small it is and if I look just to the left there it looks

I look just to the left there it looks like it's for either a hard drive or

like it's for either a hard drive or something else I can't really see in

something else I can't really see in this picture but that's more or L what

this picture but that's more or L what you can expect an IDE port to look like

you can expect an IDE port to look like it's going to have a lot of pins going

it's going to have a lot of pins going to be a very wide Port like that that's

to be a very wide Port like that that's for the old hard drives and Optical

for the old hard drives and Optical drives which we don't get anymore those

drives which we don't get anymore those are Legacy they're basically extinct

are Legacy they're basically extinct just below it you can see there's the

just below it you can see there's the SAA ports these are facing sideways

SAA ports these are facing sideways because it's in line of the graphics

because it's in line of the graphics card and if this person happens to slot

card and if this person happens to slot in a huge graphics card that graphics

in a huge graphics card that graphics card is going to hover over those SATA

card is going to hover over those SATA ports which means you're not going to be

ports which means you're not going to be able to use them if you're going to try

able to use them if you're going to try and get a cable into them it's not going

and get a cable into them it's not going to work if you have to put the cable in

to work if you have to put the cable in from the top instead some clever Oak

from the top instead some clever Oak said you know what what if we go and

said you know what what if we go and slide these cables in from the side and

slide these cables in from the side and they did just that now the motherboard

they did just that now the motherboard I'm going to show you guys later

I'm going to show you guys later practically that one the S ports are

practically that one the S ports are facing upwards instead of sideways but

facing upwards instead of sideways but in that video you will see the SAA ports

in that video you will see the SAA ports are not completely in line with the

are not completely in line with the graphics card so it's not the worst

graphics card so it's not the worst thing one of them is kind of in line you

thing one of them is kind of in line you know so it's a bit of an issue but

know so it's a bit of an issue but there's quite a lot of them that's still

there's quite a lot of them that's still open so it's not the worst of things all

open so it's not the worst of things all right folks and then here we've got

right folks and then here we've got other motherboard connectors you would

other motherboard connectors you would remember earlier I told you guys when I

remember earlier I told you guys when I showed you guys the front panel

showed you guys the front panel connectors the USB the mic in the audio

connectors the USB the mic in the audio out you know that kind of stuff I told

out you know that kind of stuff I told you guys those cables inside a case are

you guys those cables inside a case are dangling loose when you buy yourself a

dangling loose when you buy yourself a new empty shell a new empty case it's

new empty shell a new empty case it's got a bunch of cables dangling loose

got a bunch of cables dangling loose which is for your USB in the front your

which is for your USB in the front your audio your mic and stuff like that now

audio your mic and stuff like that now the audio cable usually 9 out of 10

the audio cable usually 9 out of 10 times has audio written on it very

times has audio written on it very clearly and on the motherboard somewhere

clearly and on the motherboard somewhere at the bottom right or the bottom left

at the bottom right or the bottom left it's got an audio port most motherboards

it's got an audio port most motherboards you'll notice actually has two audio

you'll notice actually has two audio ports so there'll be somewhere at the

ports so there'll be somewhere at the bottom right or somewhere at the bottom

bottom right or somewhere at the bottom left it can actually be right or left

left it can actually be right or left and on the port it clearly says audio

and on the port it clearly says audio audio one and audio 2 the same can be

audio one and audio 2 the same can be said about USB on the cable from the

said about USB on the cable from the case N9 out of 10 times very clearly on

case N9 out of 10 times very clearly on the cable it'll say USB and on the

the cable it'll say USB and on the motherboard there's normally two USB

motherboard there's normally two USB ports

ports USB 1 and USB 2 now for both the audio

USB 1 and USB 2 now for both the audio and the USB it does not matter which one

and the USB it does not matter which one you connected to as long as you connect

you connected to as long as you connect audio to any one of the two audio ports

audio to any one of the two audio ports it will work as long as you connect the

it will work as long as you connect the USB to any one of the two USB ports

USB to any one of the two USB ports which are clearly labeled on the

which are clearly labeled on the motherboard it will work now at first

motherboard it will work now at first glance what you will notice is the audio

glance what you will notice is the audio and the USB cables look the same the

and the USB cables look the same the ports look the same you never mind the

ports look the same you never mind the naming you know luckily we've got naming

naming you know luckily we've got naming so thank goodness for that but if you

so thank goodness for that but if you look very closely guys you will see each

look very closely guys you will see each of them has a pin missing a different

of them has a pin missing a different pin so at first glance it looks like

pin so at first glance it looks like each of these has 10 pins two rows of

each of these has 10 pins two rows of five pins each but if you look very

five pins each but if you look very closely you'll see the audio has a

closely you'll see the audio has a random PIN missing out of those 10 pins

random PIN missing out of those 10 pins and the USB one has a different pin

and the USB one has a different pin missing as well but it's not in the same

missing as well but it's not in the same location so if the naming on a cable and

location so if the naming on a cable and the motherboard was not good enough for

the motherboard was not good enough for you guys you can also go and verify this

you guys you can also go and verify this by looking at the pins that's missing so

by looking at the pins that's missing so if you look at the audio jack on the the

if you look at the audio jack on the the motherboard you'll see one pin is

motherboard you'll see one pin is missing and if you look at the connector

missing and if you look at the connector that has to plug in there you'll see one

that has to plug in there you'll see one of the ports one of the little holes is

of the ports one of the little holes is blanked out which is going to corespond

blanked out which is going to corespond with the missing pin now before we move

with the missing pin now before we move on to the next topic guys and before I

on to the next topic guys and before I show you guys that video because that's

show you guys that video because that's what's going to be next up the front

what's going to be next up the front panel headers there way on the right

panel headers there way on the right that is almost always going to be at the

that is almost always going to be at the bottom right it's just going to be a

bottom right it's just going to be a question of where at the bottom right

question of where at the bottom right you will find this this is the part that

you will find this this is the part that scares most people it is the most

scares most people it is the most intimidating part for most people people

intimidating part for most people people now fortunately for you guys these four

now fortunately for you guys these four cables there's four cables by the way

cables there's four cables by the way that have to go and connect there

that have to go and connect there they're very clearly labeled and three

they're very clearly labeled and three out of four motherboards are also very

out of four motherboards are also very clearly labeled now each of these four

clearly labeled now each of these four cables are going to go and connect to

cables are going to go and connect to two pins that's normally on average

two pins that's normally on average going to be about nine pins sticking out

going to be about nine pins sticking out but it might be more but there will be

but it might be more but there will be at least nine pins like I said could be

at least nine pins like I said could be more but there'll be at least nine pins

more but there'll be at least nine pins each of the four connectors can only

each of the four connectors can only connect to two of these pins so there's

connect to two of these pins so there's always going to be a a spare pin if you

always going to be a a spare pin if you want to call it that so one of these

want to call it that so one of these connector cables coming from your case

connector cables coming from your case will normally say something along the

will normally say something along the lines of power switch it'll say power s

lines of power switch it'll say power s w for power switch or it will outright

w for power switch or it will outright say power switch but something along the

say power switch but something along the lines of power switch and on the

lines of power switch and on the motherboard next to those pins it'll

motherboard next to those pins it'll often also say power switch or power SW

often also say power switch or power SW for power switch now folks if you're not

for power switch now folks if you're not sure on the motherboard which pins it's

sure on the motherboard which pins it's normally the top two right ones so if

normally the top two right ones so if you look at the image I've got there

you look at the image I've got there that will be the bottom of the

that will be the bottom of the motherboard the pin connectors the front

motherboard the pin connectors the front panel connectors are the bottom right

panel connectors are the bottom right now looking at from that angle the top

now looking at from that angle the top right pins the top two right ones those

right pins the top two right ones those are normally power pins the top two left

are normally power pins the top two left pins are the power LED pins the bottom

pins are the power LED pins the bottom two left pins are normally hard drive

two left pins are normally hard drive LED pins and the bottom two right pins

LED pins and the bottom two right pins will normally be the reset button so I

will normally be the reset button so I would suggest maybe starting at the

would suggest maybe starting at the bottom left two pins way at the bottom

bottom left two pins way at the bottom left those two pins or hard drive LED

left those two pins or hard drive LED HDD space

HDD space LED and then the bottom two right ones

LED and then the bottom two right ones you know so on the right way at the

you know so on the right way at the bottom that will be the reset button it

bottom that will be the reset button it will say reset switch or restart button

will say reset switch or restart button something along those lines but normally

something along those lines but normally they'll say reset switch so reset switch

they'll say reset switch so reset switch is the bottom two right pins normally it

is the bottom two right pins normally it will probably be a blue cable in most

will probably be a blue cable in most cases not guaranteed but from experience

cases not guaranteed but from experience I can tell you it's usually going to be

I can tell you it's usually going to be blue the top two right pins directly

blue the top two right pins directly above the reset switch is the power

above the reset switch is the power switch so that's normally going to be a

switch so that's normally going to be a red Cable in most cases also not set in

red Cable in most cases also not set in stone is just usually and the top two

stone is just usually and the top two left pins are usually power LED so where

left pins are usually power LED so where I've told you guys where these spins are

I've told you guys where these spins are are not sit in stone it's just usually

are not sit in stone it's just usually from experience those pins are for those

from experience those pins are for those things I've just elaborated on but just

things I've just elaborated on but just to confirm I would say check on the

to confirm I would say check on the motherboard you'll find it three out of

motherboard you'll find it three out of four motherboards on the motherboard

four motherboards on the motherboard right next to the pins it'll tell you

right next to the pins it'll tell you which pins are for what if you're still

which pins are for what if you're still not sure sure you can go on a search on

not sure sure you can go on a search on Google or whatever for that

Google or whatever for that motherboard's make and model and it'll

motherboard's make and model and it'll very clearly indicate which pins Are For

very clearly indicate which pins Are For What and then you can just go and

What and then you can just go and confirm now the power switch guys that's

confirm now the power switch guys that's just for the power button the front so

just for the power button the front so in reality if you were to go and take a

in reality if you were to go and take a very small flat screwdriver and you were

very small flat screwdriver and you were to go and touch those two pins where the

to go and touch those two pins where the power connector you know supposed to go

power connector you know supposed to go and connect the PC would actually start

and connect the PC would actually start I would not encourage you to go and do

I would not encourage you to go and do that because you know on some

that because you know on some motherboards it's very sensitive and if

motherboards it's very sensitive and if you go do that you'll actually blow the

you go do that you'll actually blow the motherboard but if you have an old

motherboard but if you have an old motherboard you're willing to sacrifice

motherboard you're willing to sacrifice and if you want to show off in front of

and if you want to show off in front of your friends and family you can go and

your friends and family you can go and do that and you'll see the PC is

do that and you'll see the PC is actually going to start assuming it

actually going to start assuming it doesn't blow the motherboard the reset

doesn't blow the motherboard the reset switch is for restart button mean it

switch is for restart button mean it speaks for itself the HDD LED is the

speaks for itself the HDD LED is the hard drive light now some of the older

hard drive light now some of the older computer cases have got some sort of

computer cases have got some sort of light in the front it can either be

light in the front it can either be orange or green and depending on how

orange or green and depending on how active your hard drive was back in the

active your hard drive was back in the day this light would flash accordingly

day this light would flash accordingly so if you're doing an antivirus scan or

so if you're doing an antivirus scan or an installation or you're copying or

an installation or you're copying or cutting something huge this light would

cutting something huge this light would basically stay consistent just stay

basically stay consistent just stay solid it will stay on but if you're

solid it will stay on but if you're doing a small copy or something you know

doing a small copy or something you know lightweight on your hard drive it'll

lightweight on your hard drive it'll just flicker a little bit that's

just flicker a little bit that's basically all it does it's got no real

basically all it does it's got no real significance my opinion is you don't

significance my opinion is you don't even need to go and plug that in and

even need to go and plug that in and then the the power LED is all the lights

then the the power LED is all the lights in the front of the case so some of the

in the front of the case so some of the older gaming cases and stuff or the

older gaming cases and stuff or the normal office pieces they've got lights

normal office pieces they've got lights in the front so if you go and press the

in the front so if you go and press the power button you might find that the

power button you might find that the power button got some sort of little

power button got some sort of little light that'll come on or there'll be one

light that'll come on or there'll be one or two little lights in the front of the

or two little lights in the front of the case coming on just to indicate that the

case coming on just to indicate that the user that the machine is actually on

user that the machine is actually on with gaming computers we obviously don't

with gaming computers we obviously don't need that because you've got all kinds

need that because you've got all kinds of fans you can see them spinning and

of fans you can see them spinning and they probably have RGB in them which

they probably have RGB in them which means that you've got fancy colored

means that you've got fancy colored lights in them and all that so you can

lights in them and all that so you can very clearly see and hear of a gaming PC

very clearly see and hear of a gaming PC when it's on but if it's an old you know

when it's on but if it's an old you know normal office computer yeah if you press

normal office computer yeah if you press the power button unless you hear the

the power button unless you hear the fans you might not know that it's on so

fans you might not know that it's on so if the power button could at least light

if the power button could at least light up in some sort of way that's a nice

up in some sort of way that's a nice indicator for the user to show hey look

indicator for the user to show hey look this machine is on and that's basically

this machine is on and that's basically what the idea was right fol and before

what the idea was right fol and before we move on to the next topic I want to

we move on to the next topic I want to show you guys on the real motherboard

show you guys on the real motherboard what it actually looks like when we go

what it actually looks like when we go look at these components now what I'm

look at these components now what I'm going to show you guys is an old ATX

going to show you guys is an old ATX motherboard so it's got some old you

motherboard so it's got some old you know ports on it like IDE ports and

know ports on it like IDE ports and whatnot so it's not the worst

whatnot so it's not the worst motherboard but it's definitely not the

motherboard but it's definitely not the latest motherboard unfortunately but it

latest motherboard unfortunately but it should still give you a fairly good idea

should still give you a fairly good idea of you know what you what you're in for

of you know what you what you're in for and that's the kind of stuff they'll ask

and that's the kind of stuff they'll ask you in the exam the motherboard I'm

you in the exam the motherboard I'm about to show you is the kind of

about to show you is the kind of motherboard you can expect them to ask

motherboard you can expect them to ask you about in the exam it's the same

you about in the exam it's the same ports they will ask you about an exam so

ports they will ask you about an exam so that being said let me switch over to

that being said let me switch over to that motherboard a few moments later all

that motherboard a few moments later all right folks here is that motherboard I

right folks here is that motherboard I spoke of I'm going to start you guys of

spoke of I'm going to start you guys of the CPU there is the CPU socket this is

the CPU there is the CPU socket this is for Intel CPUs there is your RAM slots

for Intel CPUs there is your RAM slots I've got two of them some might have

I've got two of them some might have four slots with the ram here is your

four slots with the ram here is your graphics card slot it says PCI E and

graphics card slot it says PCI E and then here is your PCI E slots for Wi-Fi

then here is your PCI E slots for Wi-Fi cards modems and that kinds of stuff

cards modems and that kinds of stuff here at the bottom there is your PARTA

here at the bottom there is your PARTA ports left is for floppy right hand side

ports left is for floppy right hand side here you can see that's for hard drives

here you can see that's for hard drives and stuff those are extinct by the way

and stuff those are extinct by the way and then here on the right hand side

and then here on the right hand side there's your s ports mine are facing

there's your s ports mine are facing upwards some motherboards face sideways

upwards some motherboards face sideways but mine is not in the way of the

but mine is not in the way of the graphics card so it's not an issue here

graphics card so it's not an issue here at the bottom left let me just zoom in

at the bottom left let me just zoom in there's your front panel audio you can

there's your front panel audio you can see mine's purple but the color doesn't

see mine's purple but the color doesn't matter and then here on the right hand

matter and then here on the right hand side let me just get it into Focus if

side let me just get it into Focus if you look at those yellow ports USB one

you look at those yellow ports USB one and USB 2 so this motherboard has two

and USB 2 so this motherboard has two ports for USB it does not matter which

ports for USB it does not matter which one you going connect to if you only has

one you going connect to if you only has one cable some motherboards will have

one cable some motherboards will have two USB ports some will have one there's

two USB ports some will have one there's the front panel those little connectors

the front panel those little connectors I spoke of with the start button restart

I spoke of with the start button restart button and LED lights and stuff the one

button and LED lights and stuff the one that gives people you know fear and all

that gives people you know fear and all that and know way here at the top guys

that and know way here at the top guys there is where you're going to go and

there is where you're going to go and connect your CPUs fan or your liquid

connect your CPUs fan or your liquid cooling system so it says CPU fan or

cooling system so it says CPU fan or liquid cooling system here is where

liquid cooling system here is where you're going to get go connect your

you're going to get go connect your cpu's power that's a P4 some

cpu's power that's a P4 some motherboards need way more and it'll be

motherboards need way more and it'll be here at the po top left hand side let me

here at the po top left hand side let me open this CPU latch for you

open this CPU latch for you guys I'm going to go and open it up for

guys I'm going to go and open it up for you guys and I'm going to go and install

you guys and I'm going to go and install the CPU I'll just briefly show you guys

the CPU I'll just briefly show you guys so generally A good rule of fun would be

so generally A good rule of fun would be to hover the CPU over the CPU port and

to hover the CPU over the CPU port and to check where on the size of the CPU

to check where on the size of the CPU you see a little holes and just inside

you see a little holes and just inside the port you just go and check with

the port you just go and check with little pieces of plastic sticking out

little pieces of plastic sticking out alternatively you can go check for a

alternatively you can go check for a missing pin inside the hole and you just

missing pin inside the hole and you just go look for a little copper Arrow there

go look for a little copper Arrow there is a little copper Arrow the copper

is a little copper Arrow the copper Arrow will always po point point towards

Arrow will always po point point towards the missing pin inside the port uh but

the missing pin inside the port uh but the easiest way for most people just to

the easiest way for most people just to hover the CPU over the hole and uh I'll

hover the CPU over the hole and uh I'll get it into Focus for you guys now as

get it into Focus for you guys now as soon as you hover it over the hole you

soon as you hover it over the hole you just check where the missing holes in

just check where the missing holes in the CPU are and where they align little

the CPU are and where they align little pieces of plastic sticking out on the

pieces of plastic sticking out on the sides you can see mine bottom left

sides you can see mine bottom left bottom right I've got little holes in

bottom right I've got little holes in the CPU you can see there if I bring it

the CPU you can see there if I bring it closer bottom left bottom right there's

closer bottom left bottom right there's little holes in the CPU and inside this

little holes in the CPU and inside this hole if you check closely left and right

hole if you check closely left and right at the bottom there's little pieces of

at the bottom there's little pieces of plastic sticking out so all I need to do

plastic sticking out so all I need to do is just hover it gently Over the Hole

is just hover it gently Over the Hole gently drop the sucker into place there

gently drop the sucker into place there we go going to close the latch

we go going to close the latch now there we go I close the latch close

now there we go I close the latch close the lever hook it into place all it's

the lever hook it into place all it's have to do now is to apply thermal paste

have to do now is to apply thermal paste or thermal compound on top of the CPU

or thermal compound on top of the CPU then you're going to go put your heat

then you're going to go put your heat sink or your liquid cooling system on

sink or your liquid cooling system on top of it and um let me just put some

top of it and um let me just put some RAM chips in here as well so the RAM

RAM chips in here as well so the RAM chips guys you'll see they can only go

chips guys you'll see they can only go in one way assuming you've got the right

in one way assuming you've got the right Ram there's a little piece of plastic

Ram there's a little piece of plastic there you can see the hole that

there you can see the hole that basically confirms that you've got your

basically confirms that you've got your RAM chip in correctly if you've got the

RAM chip in correctly if you've got the wrong way around it's not going to go in

wrong way around it's not going to go in there's a little hole inside the ram

there's a little hole inside the ram chip as well ination so I'm going to

chip as well ination so I'm going to hover it there for you guys again you

hover it there for you guys again you can see this one's the wrong way around

can see this one's the wrong way around it's not going to work you see it's

it's not going to work you see it's misaligned so I'm going to turn this

misaligned so I'm going to turn this around there we go it aligns so now I'm

around there we go it aligns so now I'm going to shove it in there while it's

going to shove it in there while it's open you can see on the two top sides

open you can see on the two top sides top and bottom it's open you just press

top and bottom it's open you just press down it's going to click into place

down it's going to click into place automatically you can hear it and feel

automatically you can hear it and feel it clicking into place on both sides and

it clicking into place on both sides and that's it guys as simple as that more on

that's it guys as simple as that more on this later one eternity

this later one eternity later right guys the next topic as you

later right guys the next topic as you can see storage connector types so I've

can see storage connector types so I've got a bit of a picture for you guys here

got a bit of a picture for you guys here of a normal old school hard drive so I

of a normal old school hard drive so I suppose you could say this is the old

suppose you could say this is the old mechanical hard drive so some of you

mechanical hard drive so some of you guys might know it and if you look there

guys might know it and if you look there at the connectors that should look

at the connectors that should look familiar to you guys earlier we spoke

familiar to you guys earlier we spoke about the cables that you would go and

about the cables that you would go and plug into into a hard drive I showed you

plug into into a hard drive I showed you guys the data cable and I showed you

guys the data cable and I showed you guys the power cable would normally go

guys the power cable would normally go and connect to the hard drive I told you

and connect to the hard drive I told you guys the other end of this dat cable

guys the other end of this dat cable would go and connect to your motherboard

would go and connect to your motherboard and the other end of that power cable

and the other end of that power cable would obviously be connected to your

would obviously be connected to your power supply if you don't remember what

power supply if you don't remember what these cables look like there's a bit of

these cables look like there's a bit of reminder for you guys so this is for

reminder for you guys so this is for your hard drives you going and put you

your hard drives you going and put you know randomly loose somewhere in your

know randomly loose somewhere in your case these are however becoming less and

case these are however becoming less and less common nowadays people are more

less common nowadays people are more keen on using normal solar state drives

keen on using normal solar state drives nowadays or they'll go and use one of

nowadays or they'll go and use one of those hard drives that looks like a car

those hard drives that looks like a car that you go and slide into your

that you go and slide into your motherboard we normally slide them into

motherboard we normally slide them into the M2 slots if you guys know what those

the M2 slots if you guys know what those are now if you guys are not sure what

are now if you guys are not sure what the M2 slot is uh let me show you guys a

the M2 slot is uh let me show you guys a more modern motherboard so here is a

more modern motherboard so here is a picture of um the motherboard I've got

picture of um the motherboard I've got in one of my PCS at home so I built a

in one of my PCS at home so I built a new gaming PC here for one of my kids

new gaming PC here for one of my kids and this is the MSI Pro

and this is the MSI Pro b650 - S Wi-Fi motherboard it's a very

b650 - S Wi-Fi motherboard it's a very modern motherboard it's not a too high

modern motherboard it's not a too high spec motherboard but it's a decent entry

spec motherboard but it's a decent entry level budget motherboard for gaming piec

level budget motherboard for gaming piec now this is an AMD motherboard guys this

now this is an AMD motherboard guys this is for AMD CPUs it's an am5 so it's

is for AMD CPUs it's an am5 so it's compartible with some of the latest AMD

compartible with some of the latest AMD CPUs there so the CPU I put in in case

CPUs there so the CPU I put in in case anyone is curious for my kids is the

anyone is curious for my kids is the ryzen 9800 X 3D chip which is the

ryzen 9800 X 3D chip which is the highest spec gaming CPU you can get at

highest spec gaming CPU you can get at this point in time so it's it's just

this point in time so it's it's just really really a top dog so obviously by

really really a top dog so obviously by the time you guys watch this video

the time you guys watch this video depending on when you watch it it might

depending on when you watch it it might no longer be the top CPU because these

no longer be the top CPU because these manufacturers like Intel and AMD and all

manufacturers like Intel and AMD and all of them are obviously constantly

of them are obviously constantly developing releasing new stuff but at

developing releasing new stuff but at the time of the makinging of this video

the time of the makinging of this video this was currently the most powerful

this was currently the most powerful gaming CPU on the market was the AMD

gaming CPU on the market was the AMD 9800 x3d with it's gaming cach and all

9800 x3d with it's gaming cach and all that so first of all guys this is a bit

that so first of all guys this is a bit of an overview of a motherboard if you

of an overview of a motherboard if you look here at the bottom guys bottom left

look here at the bottom guys bottom left there's two m.2 slots one of them is

there's two m.2 slots one of them is beneath this heat sink yes that's a heat

beneath this heat sink yes that's a heat sink it's removable and the other one is

sink it's removable and the other one is here at the bottom it's it's kind of

here at the bottom it's it's kind of open the one that's underneath the heat

open the one that's underneath the heat sink is because it's going to be

sink is because it's going to be directly below the graphics card and as

directly below the graphics card and as you guys probably know a graphics card

you guys probably know a graphics card can get quite hot so this one's got a

can get quite hot so this one's got a heat sink but a lot of these little hard

heat sink but a lot of these little hard drives you go and slide into these slots

drives you go and slide into these slots they actually come with own little heat

they actually come with own little heat sink some of them and if I want to I can

sink some of them and if I want to I can go put a second hard drive in here so at

go put a second hard drive in here so at the moment I only have one which is

the moment I only have one which is underneath that heat sink and um if I

underneath that heat sink and um if I really want to I can go put a second one

really want to I can go put a second one in if I want to for the kids as well in

in if I want to for the kids as well in terms of the CPU guys you can see

terms of the CPU guys you can see there's the CPU slot there it's got a

there's the CPU slot there it's got a plastic cover so it doesn't matter if

plastic cover so it doesn't matter if this is an Intel CPU or an MD CPU the

this is an Intel CPU or an MD CPU the motherboard normally has a plastic cover

motherboard normally has a plastic cover so you're going to open that latch first

so you're going to open that latch first like I showed you guys um earlier in

like I showed you guys um earlier in real time you're going to go and drop

real time you're going to go and drop your CPU in there very gently after

your CPU in there very gently after you've confirmed it's aligned correctly

you've confirmed it's aligned correctly you're going to close it you don't even

you're going to close it you don't even have to bother that plastic clap it'll

have to bother that plastic clap it'll automatically shoot off you know trust

automatically shoot off you know trust me it will in terms of Random Access

me it will in terms of Random Access Memory we showed you guys how to go and

Memory we showed you guys how to go and insert it you can see on this

insert it you can see on this motherboard there is four slots and

motherboard there is four slots and we're not going to start the slot

we're not going to start the slot closest to the CPU instead we're going

closest to the CPU instead we're going to start at the second closest slot to

to start at the second closest slot to the CPU so that will be the second one

the CPU so that will be the second one from the left we're going to start of

from the left we're going to start of that slot first and then the second ramp

that slot first and then the second ramp chip goes into the last slot there way

chip goes into the last slot there way on the right so we're going to go and

on the right so we're going to go and put the RAM chips into slot two and Slot

put the RAM chips into slot two and Slot four which is exactly what I did with

four which is exactly what I did with this motherboard for the kids I put Ram

this motherboard for the kids I put Ram into slot two and Slot four I didn't put

into slot two and Slot four I didn't put in too much RAM I didn't put in just 52

in too much RAM I didn't put in just 52 gigs because everybody puts in 52 gigs I

gigs because everybody puts in 52 gigs I put in 48 gigs I probably could have

put in 48 gigs I probably could have gone and put in two sticks of 32 gigs

gone and put in two sticks of 32 gigs Rams each this motherboard does support

Rams each this motherboard does support up to 192 2 gigs of RAM if I really want

up to 192 2 gigs of RAM if I really want to but I don't need more than that I

to but I don't need more than that I didn't want to put in just 32 gigs

didn't want to put in just 32 gigs because that's going to get outdated

because that's going to get outdated quite quick so I I pushed them a little

quite quick so I I pushed them a little bit more I put in two chips of 24 gigs

bit more I put in two chips of 24 gigs each so it's got 48 gigs which is two

each so it's got 48 gigs which is two sticks and that's in slot two and Slot

sticks and that's in slot two and Slot four respectively so this motherboard if

four respectively so this motherboard if you look there I know you guys can see

you look there I know you guys can see clear in this image but there's actually

clear in this image but there's actually a picture that shows you which slots to

a picture that shows you which slots to fill in first now for you guys it might

fill in first now for you guys it might be blurry but if you were to zoom in on

be blurry but if you were to zoom in on this picture it actually would have

this picture it actually would have shown you there slot two and Slot four

shown you there slot two and Slot four should be filled first it actually tells

should be filled first it actually tells you which slots to go and fill first

you which slots to go and fill first mean how cool is that as for PCI Express

mean how cool is that as for PCI Express this motherboard has got two slots there

this motherboard has got two slots there is the first one which is the main one

is the first one which is the main one which is the only one that most people

which is the only one that most people are going to be using way here at the

are going to be using way here at the bottom is the secondary graphics card

bottom is the secondary graphics card slot yeah that's the second one you'll

slot yeah that's the second one you'll notice there's no normal PCI slots

notice there's no normal PCI slots besides the small little mini one here

besides the small little mini one here which is the times one um PCI slot it

which is the times one um PCI slot it depends on what you want to do but a lot

depends on what you want to do but a lot of the new mod motherboards these days

of the new mod motherboards these days they don't come out with normal PCI

they don't come out with normal PCI slots they don't instead they only come

slots they don't instead they only come out of PCI E slots if you want a PCI

out of PCI E slots if you want a PCI slot a normal one you're going to

slot a normal one you're going to probably have to pay extra for that

probably have to pay extra for that because nobody wants that um so yeah in

because nobody wants that um so yeah in terms of PCI this one only has this

terms of PCI this one only has this small little mini one here at the bottom

small little mini one here at the bottom the one that's times one the seos

the one that's times one the seos battery you can see on this motherboard

battery you can see on this motherboard is at the bottom right the picture I

is at the bottom right the picture I showed you guys earlier that little

showed you guys earlier that little animation the seos battery was where it

animation the seos battery was where it was at the bottom left but this one one

was at the bottom left but this one one is at the bottom right so I told you

is at the bottom right so I told you guys it can either be at the bottom left

guys it can either be at the bottom left or the bottom right I suppose in reality

or the bottom right I suppose in reality it can probably be anywhere on the

it can probably be anywhere on the motherboard but almost all motherboards

motherboard but almost all motherboards you'll always find the seos battery at

you'll always find the seos battery at the bottom left or the bottom right as

the bottom left or the bottom right as for the front panel headers there they

for the front panel headers there they are there the bottom right that's the

are there the bottom right that's the front panel headers guys it's usually

front panel headers guys it's usually going to be somewhere in the vicinity of

going to be somewhere in the vicinity of the bottom right of the motherboard as

the bottom right of the motherboard as for the power connect this here on the

for the power connect this here on the right hand side almost always on all

right hand side almost always on all motherboards here on the right hand side

motherboards here on the right hand side you will find your 24 pin motherboard

you will find your 24 pin motherboard connector that is the main power for

connector that is the main power for your motherboard guys so on your power

your motherboard guys so on your power supply you'll find only one such

supply you'll find only one such connector it's got 24 pins you always

connector it's got 24 pins you always hook it here on the right hand side as

hook it here on the right hand side as for the CPU power earlier I showed you

for the CPU power earlier I showed you guys where the CPU power was it was

guys where the CPU power was it was directly below the CPU or right next to

directly below the CPU or right next to the CPU it was a P4 connected of only

the CPU it was a P4 connected of only four pins now that's the old

four pins now that's the old motherboards the newer ones like this

motherboards the newer ones like this one you'll find that the top left

one you'll find that the top left they'll have one or more connector this

they'll have one or more connector this one has got two eight pin connectors it

one has got two eight pin connectors it needs a lot of juice for the CPU because

needs a lot of juice for the CPU because this CPU is obviously one of the most

this CPU is obviously one of the most powerful CPUs get on the market so for

powerful CPUs get on the market so for all these powerful CPUs you need a lot

all these powerful CPUs you need a lot of juice so those two connectors at top

of juice so those two connectors at top left that's for the CPU guys and it goes

left that's for the CPU guys and it goes about saying you're going to need a

about saying you're going to need a special power supply that's that has

special power supply that's that has these connectors not all power supplies

these connectors not all power supplies come with those connectors as for USB

come with those connectors as for USB connectors guys this motherboard has two

connectors guys this motherboard has two USB connectors a USB one and a USB 2

USB connectors a USB one and a USB 2 it's up to you which one you want to go

it's up to you which one you want to go and use so it really doesn't matter and

and use so it really doesn't matter and just to remind you guys the cables are

just to remind you guys the cables are labeled let me show you guys you can see

labeled let me show you guys you can see here this cable this is that same

here this cable this is that same motherboard from earlier it's label it

motherboard from earlier it's label it says USB and your job is just to go and

says USB and your job is just to go and put it on the right place on the

put it on the right place on the motherboard as for Oro connectors Guys

motherboard as for Oro connectors Guys audio connectors also on the motherboard

audio connectors also on the motherboard you'll normally have one or two

you'll normally have one or two connectors motherboard I showed you guys

connectors motherboard I showed you guys earlier had only one connector but they

earlier had only one connector but they might potentially have two or more so

might potentially have two or more so you can see here on this cable from

you can see here on this cable from earlier this cable clearly says audio

earlier this cable clearly says audio your job is just to go look on a

your job is just to go look on a motherboard where it also says audio as

motherboard where it also says audio as simple as that guys as for fan connector

simple as that guys as for fan connector if you look at this motherboard here

if you look at this motherboard here it's got three of them one of them says

it's got three of them one of them says CPU fan one says system fan other one

CPU fan one says system fan other one just says fan in general so some

just says fan in general so some motherboards only have one this one's

motherboards only have one this one's called a lot of fan connectors here on

called a lot of fan connectors here on the right hand side there's another fan

the right hand side there's another fan connector here on the left hand side

connector here on the left hand side there's another fan connector so in

there's another fan connector so in total right off the bat I see about five

total right off the bat I see about five on this motherboard I think so at the

on this motherboard I think so at the top there's three here on the right

top there's three here on the right there one and here at the bottom left or

there one and here at the bottom left or in the middle left there's also one so

in the middle left there's also one so the one they way on the right and the

the one they way on the right and the one way on the left those are normal

one way on the left those are normal case fan connectors and the ones at the

case fan connectors and the ones at the top that's for CPU fan system fan um so

top that's for CPU fan system fan um so when mine say CPU fan I went and

when mine say CPU fan I went and connected a liquid cooling system

connected a liquid cooling system because of how you know powerful the CPU

because of how you know powerful the CPU is and how hot it gets I need to cool

is and how hot it gets I need to cool this sucker properly so instead of

this sucker properly so instead of opting for a normal heat sink of a

opting for a normal heat sink of a normal fan I'm cooling this this bugger

normal fan I'm cooling this this bugger with a liquid cooling system I'll show

with a liquid cooling system I'll show you guys what that looks like once we

you guys what that looks like once we get to liquid cooling systems and stuff

get to liquid cooling systems and stuff in of course then I'll show you maybe

in of course then I'll show you maybe guys a little video of what this PC of

guys a little video of what this PC of this motherboard actually looks like

this motherboard actually looks like with the liquid cooling you guys can see

with the liquid cooling you guys can see firsthand that how that actually works

firsthand that how that actually works and how I connected it as for RGB

and how I connected it as for RGB connectors now these gaming motherboards

connectors now these gaming motherboards guys they've got a connector on the

guys they've got a connector on the motherboard which looks very much the

motherboard which looks very much the same as the fans it's for RGB if you

same as the fans it's for RGB if you don't know what the RGB is that's the

don't know what the RGB is that's the lights all of these gaming pieces in the

lights all of these gaming pieces in the fans of the case you'll find that

fans of the case you'll find that they've got lights in the fans some of

they've got lights in the fans some of them are constant it'll be a consistent

them are constant it'll be a consistent red or a consistent blue or purple but

red or a consistent blue or purple but most of these fans are able to change

most of these fans are able to change multiple colors that's the RGB you can

multiple colors that's the RGB you can go look up what that actually is so a

go look up what that actually is so a lot of these cases they've got RGB if

lot of these cases they've got RGB if you look at the ram that goes into these

you look at the ram that goes into these gaming motherboards the the ram

gaming motherboards the the ram themselves actually have lights on them

themselves actually have lights on them believe it or not that you know changes

believe it or not that you know changes all kinds of colors the ram I put on

all kinds of colors the ram I put on this motherboard is RGB Ram it's not so

this motherboard is RGB Ram it's not so it's not just fast gaming Ram the ram

it's not just fast gaming Ram the ram has got all kinds of fancy lights so the

has got all kinds of fancy lights so the ram actually glows in the motherboard

ram actually glows in the motherboard the whole freaking case I put everything

the whole freaking case I put everything in and glows everything just glows the

in and glows everything just glows the graphics card glows everything has got

graphics card glows everything has got RGB and that needs to be connected to

RGB and that needs to be connected to the motherboard so you can go and

the motherboard so you can go and control the colors of all of this all

control the colors of all of this all right guys and then um as for the

right guys and then um as for the expansion cards which I've mentioned

expansion cards which I've mentioned quite quite a few times so that would be

quite quite a few times so that would be something like a a modem a sound card a

something like a a modem a sound card a Wi-Fi card more than likely you guys are

Wi-Fi card more than likely you guys are not going to be using this but um an

not going to be using this but um an expansion card guys is a printed circuit

expansion card guys is a printed circuit board that is installed in a slot on a

board that is installed in a slot on a system board this is normally your PCI

system board this is normally your PCI slot and is to provide special functions

slot and is to provide special functions for customizing or extending your

for customizing or extending your computer's capabilities this is also

computer's capabilities this is also referred to as an adapter card an IO

referred to as an adapter card an IO card in other words an input output card

card in other words an input output card and adding an add-on or just a board but

and adding an add-on or just a board but most of us will just call this an

most of us will just call this an expansion card so these input output

expansion card so these input output adapters or storage cards guys like I

adapters or storage cards guys like I said this could be something like a

said this could be something like a sound card that'll be an example of an

sound card that'll be an example of an output card it could be maybe an

output card it could be maybe an additional external network card so this

additional external network card so this could be a Nick maybe network interface

could be a Nick maybe network interface card most motherboards including laptops

card most motherboards including laptops already have an RJ45 Port which is your

already have an RJ45 Port which is your normal network cable if you look at a

normal network cable if you look at a laptop they actually have two Nicks one

laptop they actually have two Nicks one of them is for the RJ45 Port which is

of them is for the RJ45 Port which is where you would normally go and plug in

where you would normally go and plug in your land Cable in other words your

your land Cable in other words your normal network cable and the other

normal network cable and the other network card is the wireless one that

network card is the wireless one that allows your laptop to connect wirelessly

allows your laptop to connect wirelessly but if you look at the fancy new gaming

but if you look at the fancy new gaming computer cases a lot of them actually

computer cases a lot of them actually have wireless capability so they

have wireless capability so they technically have two n cards too if you

technically have two n cards too if you think about it all right folks that

think about it all right folks that brings us finally to the end of the

brings us finally to the end of the second main section and we're going to

second main section and we're going to we're going to move into the third and

we're going to move into the third and the last main section now guys this is

the last main section now guys this is the point of the video where I like to

the point of the video where I like to play a game with my audience most of you

play a game with my audience most of you guys would know what this game is by now

guys would know what this game is by now I normally give you a secret word or a

I normally give you a secret word or a secret phrase now folks this is

secret phrase now folks this is completely optional you do not need to

completely optional you do not need to play this game but if you'd like to play

play this game but if you'd like to play along the secret word for today is

along the secret word for today is peanut butter I kid you not now the idea

peanut butter I kid you not now the idea here for you guys is to either go and

here for you guys is to either go and type the word as is in the comment

type the word as is in the comment section down below but that alone is not

section down below but that alone is not so much fun or you can take the word or

so much fun or you can take the word or the phrase today it's just the word and

the phrase today it's just the word and you can go and make a sentence with that

you can go and make a sentence with that word if at all possible try and keep it

word if at all possible try and keep it to it now this is next to Impossible me

to it now this is next to Impossible me the word peanut butter obviously has

the word peanut butter obviously has nothing to do with it but let's see how

nothing to do with it but let's see how creative you guys can be make a sentence

creative you guys can be make a sentence with the word peanut butter but try and

with the word peanut butter but try and Associate it somehow with it let's see

Associate it somehow with it let's see how creative you guys can be now never

how creative you guys can be now never mind that what also makes this fun is

mind that what also makes this fun is any body that's now reading through the

any body that's now reading through the comment section that has not watched the

comment section that has not watched the video up until this point they're going

video up until this point they're going to be massively confused they're going

to be massively confused they're going to be wondering why are people talking

to be wondering why are people talking about peanut butter or and this or that

about peanut butter or and this or that they're going to be massively confused

they're going to be massively confused so only for people that's actually

so only for people that's actually watched the video up until this point

watched the video up until this point only you guys would know what this is

only you guys would know what this is all about so it's a bit of an inside

all about so it's a bit of an inside game of a bit of an inside joke now you

game of a bit of an inside joke now you can of course still go and drop your

can of course still go and drop your normal comments down below so if you've

normal comments down below so if you've got a question about something in this

got a question about something in this specific module guys by all means ask

specific module guys by all means ask ask your question down below and I will

ask your question down below and I will gladly answer you guys as soon as I

gladly answer you guys as soon as I possibly can you can alternatively also

possibly can you can alternatively also join my Discord server the link is

join my Discord server the link is literally the very last link in the

literally the very last link in the video description you can go join the

video description you can go join the Discord server it's a free server I'm in

Discord server it's a free server I'm in there other ID trainers are in there and

there other ID trainers are in there and other people studying for the A+ course

other people studying for the A+ course are also in there so please by all means

are also in there so please by all means join the Discord server it's completely

join the Discord server it's completely for free if you've got questions you're

for free if you've got questions you're more than welcome to go and ask your

more than welcome to go and ask your questions there or you can just go and

questions there or you can just go and ask them below or you can do it both you

ask them below or you can do it both you can ask it in the Discord server and you

can ask it in the Discord server and you can go ask it in the comment section

can go ask it in the comment section it's really your choice guys all right

it's really your choice guys all right folks let's move on to the last section

folks let's move on to the last section Legacy caes so the word legacy means

Legacy caes so the word legacy means something is old this can be Hardware it

something is old this can be Hardware it can be software so if it's Hardware it

can be software so if it's Hardware it could be something like the old IDE hard

could be something like the old IDE hard drives those are Legacy or it can be

drives those are Legacy or it can be cables like an integrated Drive

cables like an integrated Drive Electronics Cable in other words IDE

Electronics Cable in other words IDE cable also known as a PARTA cable so

cable also known as a PARTA cable so there's a picture obviously for you guys

there's a picture obviously for you guys of what these look like

of what these look like the chances are very unlikely that you

the chances are very unlikely that you guys are not going to see these you're

guys are not going to see these you're not going to see these cables they're

not going to see these cables they're basically extinct so the old computers

basically extinct so the old computers used to have these you could normally

used to have these you could normally plug up to two of them onto the

plug up to two of them onto the motherboard and they will allow you to

motherboard and they will allow you to connect up to four devices in total so

connect up to four devices in total so it's one end of the cable connects to

it's one end of the cable connects to the motherboard each cable had two

the motherboard each cable had two connectors you could go and connect two

connectors you could go and connect two Optical drives two hard drives or a

Optical drives two hard drives or a combination of one hard drive and one

combination of one hard drive and one optical drive on one of these cables

optical drive on one of these cables you'll see there's a little colored

you'll see there's a little colored strip there so in a picture there it's

strip there so in a picture there it's pink that is pin one these cables

pink that is pin one these cables normally consisted of 40 pins or 80 pins

normally consisted of 40 pins or 80 pins 80 pins was the more common one and U

80 pins was the more common one and U the pink strip is normally pin one that

the pink strip is normally pin one that is just to indicate which side needs to

is just to indicate which side needs to face towards you so you've got a side

face towards you so you've got a side panel the case off the color strip

panel the case off the color strip always faces towards you that was just

always faces towards you that was just to indicate this cable obviously as you

to indicate this cable obviously as you guys can see is gray but in reality just

guys can see is gray but in reality just like the Sata cable from earlier they

like the Sata cable from earlier they could actually be any color the rainbow

could actually be any color the rainbow mine used to be black and pin one used

mine used to be black and pin one used to be white but the came itself can be

to be white but the came itself can be any color of the rainbow pin one could

any color of the rainbow pin one could be any color of the rainbow um end of

be any color of the rainbow um end of the day the cable could only go and plug

the day the cable could only go and plug in one way on the mother board so there

in one way on the mother board so there was no incorrect way of plugging it in

was no incorrect way of plugging it in if you tried to plug it in the wrong way

if you tried to plug it in the wrong way it simply just would not go in if you're

it simply just would not go in if you're wondering what I'm talking about there's

wondering what I'm talking about there's a bit of a picture of a very old

a bit of a picture of a very old motherboard of what this used to look

motherboard of what this used to look like if you want to go and plug this on

like if you want to go and plug this on the motherboard you can see there's a

the motherboard you can see there's a pin missing and it used to be a little

pin missing and it used to be a little click side so if you look at this cable

click side so if you look at this cable there on the right you can see it's got

there on the right you can see it's got a little piece of plastic sticking out

a little piece of plastic sticking out and if you at the Port there you can see

and if you at the Port there you can see there's a little piece of plastic

there's a little piece of plastic missing so there's only one way it could

missing so there's only one way it could go in both of those actually has a piece

go in both of those actually has a piece of plastic missing the black one is a

of plastic missing the black one is a bit quite hard to see but the black port

bit quite hard to see but the black port and the blue Port both have a piece of

and the blue Port both have a piece of plastic missing and on the cable there

plastic missing and on the cable there you can see it's got a piece of plastic

you can see it's got a piece of plastic sticking out so the cable could only go

sticking out so the cable could only go in one way if you tried to plug it in

in one way if you tried to plug it in the wrong way it would not work guys as

the wrong way it would not work guys as for the hard drive that's what the hard

for the hard drive that's what the hard drivve used to look like so the bottom

drivve used to look like so the bottom left there guys that that is where you

left there guys that that is where you were going to plug that sucker in and on

were going to plug that sucker in and on the bottom right there that's where you

the bottom right there that's where you going to plug in that Molex connector we

going to plug in that Molex connector we spoke of way earlier in the video that's

spoke of way earlier in the video that's where the Molex connector would have

where the Molex connector would have gone right folks still on the topic of

gone right folks still on the topic of Legacy cables let's talk about serial

Legacy cables let's talk about serial cables these cables you know the ports

cables these cables you know the ports on the motherboards for laptops and

on the motherboards for laptops and desktops are extinct so if you go look

desktops are extinct so if you go look at a standard laptop or a standard

at a standard laptop or a standard desktop PC these days you will not come

desktop PC these days you will not come across these ports anymore yet

across these ports anymore yet we still use these cables very commonly

we still use these cables very commonly now where do we use these cables you ask

now where do we use these cables you ask well guys you're going to use them in

well guys you're going to use them in server room these cables are also refer

server room these cables are also refer to as a console cable they're also

to as a console cable they're also referred as a rollover cable not

referred as a rollover cable not something we actually teach in A+ not

something we actually teach in A+ not something they'll ask you in the A+ exam

something they'll ask you in the A+ exam that is something they might possibly

that is something they might possibly ask you in the N plus exam more commonly

ask you in the N plus exam more commonly in the Cisco exam if any of you guys are

in the Cisco exam if any of you guys are going to go and do CCNA you know Cisco

going to go and do CCNA you know Cisco and stuff like that but just foot for f

and stuff like that but just foot for f it's also called a console cable it's

it's also called a console cable it's also called a roll over cable so if you

also called a roll over cable so if you are in a server room and U if you guys

are in a server room and U if you guys ever seen a server room there's all

ever seen a server room there's all kinds of devices in the server room and

kinds of devices in the server room and you sometimes need to configure these

you sometimes need to configure these devices now for you to do that you'll

devices now for you to do that you'll normally go and take a laptop in because

normally go and take a laptop in because laptops are just easier to carry around

laptops are just easier to carry around the cable you're going to plug into this

the cable you're going to plug into this device the part that plugs into the

device the part that plugs into the device is going to look like a normal

device is going to look like a normal net2 cable it's going to look like it's

net2 cable it's going to look like it's got an RJ45 connector now that's called

got an RJ45 connector now that's called the console cable that's normally the

the console cable that's normally the more common name we use but the part of

more common name we use but the part of the cable that plugs into your laptop

the cable that plugs into your laptop but there desktop looks like what we see

but there desktop looks like what we see in front of us that part you know it

in front of us that part you know it looks like that we call that a Serial

looks like that we call that a Serial interface a comp part so it's called an

interface a comp part so it's called an rs232 interface it's also called a DB9

rs232 interface it's also called a DB9 connector it's also called a comport

connector it's also called a comport it's also called a Serial interface or a

it's also called a Serial interface or a Serial Port it's got so many names guys

Serial Port it's got so many names guys it's enough to make you nauseous these

it's enough to make you nauseous these ports many moons ago they used to be

ports many moons ago they used to be also used for you know normal PS2

also used for you know normal PS2 keyboards and mouses but that's it's

keyboards and mouses but that's it's been like 15 20 years if not more since

been like 15 20 years if not more since I've seen people use it for that so

I've seen people use it for that so they're only used for devices and serve

they're only used for devices and serve rooms these days now since that's what

rooms these days now since that's what the port looks like that we need to go

the port looks like that we need to go and connect to our laptop how do we

and connect to our laptop how do we connect that to our laptop if our laptop

connect that to our laptop if our laptop does not have a connector like that we

does not have a connector like that we are going to go and use what we call an

are going to go and use what we call an adapter guys sometimes these adapters

adapter guys sometimes these adapters are like small little cables that are

are like small little cables that are about the length of your hands or your

about the length of your hands or your length of your arm one side of the

length of your arm one side of the connector might be USB or it might be an

connector might be USB or it might be an RJ45 or something along with those lines

RJ45 or something along with those lines the other part of the connector will be

the other part of the connector will be something like what we see in front of

something like what we see in front of us it's to convert one interface into

us it's to convert one interface into another most commonly we use these

another most commonly we use these converter cables adapters for video so I

converter cables adapters for video so I can go and convert DVI to VGA HDMI to

can go and convert DVI to VGA HDMI to VGA or whatever they're more common with

VGA or whatever they're more common with video but we can go and convert serial

video but we can go and convert serial to something like USB or whatever as

to something like USB or whatever as well and that's normally what we do in

well and that's normally what we do in these Ser room environments then folks

these Ser room environments then folks another cable we get is scuzzy we just

another cable we get is scuzzy we just referred to this as scuzzy but the

referred to this as scuzzy but the actual official name is actually small

actual official name is actually small computer system interface more commonly

computer system interface more commonly known as scuzzy for short so this is

known as scuzzy for short so this is normally also found more commonly in Ser

normally also found more commonly in Ser room environments they are kind of you

room environments they are kind of you know extinct now at this point in time I

know extinct now at this point in time I suppose you will still find them in some

suppose you will still find them in some server rooms the very old server rooms

server rooms the very old server rooms so this interface is absolute guys might

so this interface is absolute guys might still be found an unreplaceable Legacy

still be found an unreplaceable Legacy system so if you are in a server room

system so if you are in a server room which has got very old servers yes you

which has got very old servers yes you might still find it there these old

might still find it there these old systems guys might run some bespoke

systems guys might run some bespoke applications which are too risky to try

applications which are too risky to try and swap out so there's a chance that

and swap out so there's a chance that some company might have some very old

some company might have some very old application and it's nothing new in the

application and it's nothing new in the market they've got to run that

market they've got to run that application there's no other version out

application there's no other version out there there's no equivalent out there

there there's no equivalent out there and in those cases you might find them

and in those cases you might find them still using these old cables which we

still using these old cables which we call scuzzy very very old stuff so

call scuzzy very very old stuff so chances are you might never actually see

chances are you might never actually see these guys all right folks and then the

these guys all right folks and then the last topic I'm going to talk to you guys

last topic I'm going to talk to you guys about today which is something we did

about today which is something we did briefly mention is adapter cables they

briefly mention is adapter cables they could be cables or it could be a little

could be cables or it could be a little adapter that fits in the palm of your

adapter that fits in the palm of your hand then the more common ones like I

hand then the more common ones like I said is to convert one type of video

said is to convert one type of video feed to another to convert HDMI to VGA

feed to another to convert HDMI to VGA or HDMI to DVI you know that's the more

or HDMI to DVI you know that's the more common ones or VJ to DVI now you do get

common ones or VJ to DVI now you do get other ones as well you know which can go

other ones as well you know which can go and convert let's say serial to USB you

and convert let's say serial to USB you know for instance like we said earlier

know for instance like we said earlier so these are passive cables with

so these are passive cables with different connectors on each end then

different connectors on each end then you also get active cables with

you also get active cables with circuitry to translate signaling between

circuitry to translate signaling between different interface types if we look at

different interface types if we look at the the common one I spoke about earlier

the the common one I spoke about earlier video that could be HDMI to VGA it could

video that could be HDMI to VGA it could be HDMI to display port display port

be HDMI to display port display port you'll often see people just referring

you'll often see people just referring to it as DP it could be HDMI to DVI and

to it as DP it could be HDMI to DVI and if you look at USB USB is also a common

if you look at USB USB is also a common one this could be USB type c to USB type

one this could be USB type c to USB type A you could go maybe you know split this

A you could go maybe you know split this into a USB hub this could be USB to

into a USB hub this could be USB to Thunderbolt or USB to lightning

Thunderbolt or USB to lightning something we spoke about earlier when we

something we spoke about earlier when we spoke about Thunderbolt cables or

spoke about Thunderbolt cables or lightning cables guys all right folks I

lightning cables guys all right folks I really hope you've learned something in

really hope you've learned something in module 2 of A+ we've still got a lot of

module 2 of A+ we've still got a lot of modules we still got 20 modules to go

modules we still got 20 modules to go remember the course consists of 22

remember the course consists of 22 modules versus only module 2 so if you'd

modules versus only module 2 so if you'd like to know when module 3 comes out

like to know when module 3 comes out please remember to subscribe to the

please remember to subscribe to the channel and remember to also give this

channel and remember to also give this video a like it does help the video it

video a like it does help the video it does help the channel when you guys do

does help the channel when you guys do that but before we conclude this video

that but before we conclude this video guys a special shout out and thank you

guys a special shout out and thank you to the people supporting the channel

to the people supporting the channel thank you to all the people making

thank you to all the people making PayPal donations in the background

PayPal donations in the background obviously those of you also making

obviously those of you also making normal donations buying me coffee and

normal donations buying me coffee and milkshake thank you to those as well and

milkshake thank you to those as well and by the way if you want to support the

by the way if you want to support the channel you can find all that

channel you can find all that information the video video description

information the video video description down below then of course guys the

down below then of course guys the patreons the patreons the patreons guys

patreons the patreons the patreons guys thank you very very much for your

thank you very very much for your donations um if you would like to become

donations um if you would like to become a patreon please go check out my patreon

a patreon please go check out my patreon there's three plans to go and choose

there's three plans to go and choose from at the time of the making of this

from at the time of the making of this video most of them are very cheap and

video most of them are very cheap and you actually do get extra course wear on

you actually do get extra course wear on there which is not on my YouTube channel

there which is not on my YouTube channel so if you're looking for additional A+

so if you're looking for additional A+ course Weare chances are you're going to

course Weare chances are you're going to find it on my patreon guys so please

find it on my patreon guys so please feel free to go check out my patreon for

feel free to go check out my patreon for additional course Weare that's not on

additional course Weare that's not on YouTube and if you do become a paid

YouTube and if you do become a paid patreon I'll normally ask you if you

patreon I'll normally ask you if you would want to have your name displayed

would want to have your name displayed here on this page U it's completely

here on this page U it's completely optional most people opt to stay

optional most people opt to stay Anonymous but if you want to have your

Anonymous but if you want to have your name displayed here just let me know I

name displayed here just let me know I will normally ask you and if you say yes

will normally ask you and if you say yes you can choose the name that gets

you can choose the name that gets displayed it does not have to be a real

displayed it does not have to be a real name you can go and choose a nickname or

name you can go and choose a nickname or something else if you want to and then

something else if you want to and then lastly folks for those of you that don't

lastly folks for those of you that don't know the channel does have a Discord

know the channel does have a Discord server I did mention it earlier in the

server I did mention it earlier in the video that's literally the very last

video that's literally the very last Link in the video description so go and

Link in the video description so go and check it out it's for people that's

check it out it's for people that's likeminded like you it's other people

likeminded like you it's other people studying A+ n plus Security Plus and

studying A+ n plus Security Plus and other courses so if you want to ask

other courses so if you want to ask questions you can go and ask them there

questions you can go and ask them there either myself or one of the other it

either myself or one of the other it trainers or one of the other students

trainers or one of the other students will answer you and if you know the

will answer you and if you know the answer to somebody else's question you

answer to somebody else's question you can obviously go and answer that person

can obviously go and answer that person as well maybe you just want to join a

as well maybe you just want to join a study group we do have study groups

study group we do have study groups there as well so if you want to join a

there as well so if you want to join a study group check it out guys the link

study group check it out guys the link is in the video description it's

is in the video description it's completely for free no reason not to do

completely for free no reason not to do it all right folks I will see you in

it all right folks I will see you in module three of the compa A+ course

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YouTube Transcript:CompTIA A+ Full Course for Beginners - Module 2 - Motherboards and Connectors

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CompTIA A+ Full Course for Beginners - Module 2 - Motherboards and Connectors