0:03 Welcome to our next lecture of
0:06 international law this is the continuity
0:08 of our lecture series and the next topic
0:11 which we are going to unfold today is
0:13 enforcement of international law first
0:15 we will be discussing its outline then
0:18 we will move on into further details of
0:19 each headings
0:21 so coming over to the outline of our
0:24 today's topic our outline includes
0:26 definition of introduction in which we
0:28 will be discussing definition of
0:30 enforcement of international law the
0:31 importance of enforcing international
0:33 law for maintaining peace and Security
0:36 in International Community then the
0:37 means of enforcing international law
0:40 which are diplomatic action we will be
0:42 covering the definition and example of
0:44 diplomatic action their role in
0:47 enforcing international law then we will
0:49 move on towards International courts and
0:52 tribunals in this we will also discuss
0:54 definitions and example of international
0:57 course entrepreneurs also the roles of
0:59 international course and tribunals in
1:01 enforcing international law then we will
1:03 be moving towards collective security
1:06 its definition and examples its role in
1:08 enforcing international law then
1:10 economic and bread sanctions its
1:12 definition and example then the role of
1:15 economic Android sanctions in enforcing
1:16 international law then we'll be moving
1:18 towards military force its definition
1:21 and example then the limitation of using
1:23 it military force to enforce
1:25 international law and last mean which is
1:27 international organization and non-stat
1:29 actors their definition and examples
1:32 also their role in enforcing
1:34 international law at the end we will be
1:36 concluding our topic now coming over to
1:38 the introduction part first of all the
1:40 definition of enforcement of
1:41 international law enforcement of
1:43 international law refers to the
1:45 mechanism and actions taken to ensure
1:48 that countries and other actors comply
1:49 with their International legal
1:51 obligations it involves the use of
1:54 various methods such as diplomacy
1:56 International courts economic sanctions
1:58 military force and international
2:00 organization to enforce international
2:02 law enforcement of international law
2:04 refer to the mechanism and processes
2:06 used to ensure compliance with
2:09 International legal norms and rules
2:11 international law is enforced through a
2:14 variety of means such as diplomatic
2:15 action International courts and
2:18 tribunals collective security economic
2:20 and trade sanctions military force
2:22 international organization and non-stack
2:24 actors now coming over to the importance
2:26 of enforcing international law for
2:29 maintaining peace and Security in the
2:30 International Community enforcing
2:32 international law is essential for
2:34 maintaining peace and Security in the
2:36 International Community it helps to
2:38 prevent conflicts and dispute between
2:40 countries ensures respect for human
2:43 rights and promote cooperation and
2:45 collaboration between nations now coming
2:48 over to our first mean of enforcing
2:50 international law which is diplomatic
2:52 action definition an example of
2:54 diplomatic action diplomatic action
2:56 involves using negotiation discussions
2:58 and other forms of communication between
3:00 countries to resolve dispute and
3:02 conflicts examples of a diplomatic
3:04 action includes peaceful mediation
3:07 negotiation and arbitration diplomatic
3:09 action is one of the most common way to
3:11 enforce international law this can
3:13 include diplomatic protests the
3:16 mortgages and the use of good offices to
3:18 resolve dispute between States now there
3:22 are few samples such as negotiation and
3:24 signing International treaty such as the
3:26 Paris agreement on climate change
3:28 diplomatic action involves negotiation
3:30 and signing International treaties
3:32 between Nation to promote cooperation
3:34 and collaboration on global issues the
3:37 Paris agreement on climate change is an
3:40 example of diplomatic action taken by
3:42 multiple Nation to combat climate change
3:45 by reducing greenhouse gas emissions
3:47 second is engaging in diplomatic talks
3:49 and negotiation to resolve conflicts
3:51 such as the Iran nuclear deal
3:54 negotiations diplomatic action can also
3:56 involve engaging in talks and
3:58 negotiation to resolve conflicts and
4:00 disagreements between nations the Iran
4:02 nuclear deal negotiation were an example
4:05 of diplomatic action taken by multiple
4:07 Nation to prevent Iran from developing
4:10 nuclear weapons now the third example is
4:12 from Pakistan Pakistan's diplomatic
4:14 action to address India's revocation of
4:17 Jammu and kashmir's special status in
4:20 2019 India revolved the special status
4:23 of Jammu and Kashmir a disputed region
4:25 claimed by both India and Pakistan
4:27 Pakistan immediately sought the
4:28 intervention of the International
4:30 Community and engaged in diplomatic
4:32 action to raise the issue at various
4:34 International forums including the
4:36 United Nations Pakistan's diplomatic
4:38 effort aimed to highlight India's
4:41 violation of international law and the
4:43 need for the International Community to
4:45 intervene to resolve the dispute now
4:46 coming over to the role of diplomatic
4:48 action in enforcing international law
4:50 diplomatic action plays a crucial role
4:53 in enforcing international law it helps
4:55 to prevent conflict from escalating into
4:58 armed conflicts and can facilitate the
4:59 peaceful resolution of disputes
5:02 diplomatic action also allows countries
5:04 to cooperate and work towards common
5:06 goals promoting International Peace and
5:08 security now coming over to the second
5:11 mean which is international courts and
5:13 tribunals definition and examples of
5:15 International courts and tribunals
5:17 international courts and tribunals are
5:19 judicial bodies established to to
5:22 adjudicate disputes between countries or
5:24 other actors examples of International
5:26 courts and tribunals include the
5:28 international court of justice the
5:30 international criminal court and the
5:32 World Trade organizations now there are
5:34 a few examples in which the first one is
5:36 the international court of justice
5:38 issuing a ruling on a maritime dispute
5:40 between Chile and Peru International
5:42 courts and tribunals such as
5:44 International court of justice are
5:46 established to settle dispute between
5:48 nation in accordance with international
5:50 law in this example the international
5:53 court of justice resolved a maritime
5:55 dispute between Chile and Peru in a
5:57 peaceful and legal manner then the
5:59 second example is the international
6:01 criminal court investigating and
6:03 Prosecuting war crimes in the conflict
6:06 in Darfur Surah International courts and
6:09 tribunals can also investigate and
6:11 prosecute individual for crimes
6:12 committed against international law
6:14 international criminal court
6:16 investigated and prosecuted individuals
6:18 for war crimes committed during the
6:20 conference click in therefore so down
6:23 and the third example is from Pakistan
6:25 specifically International court of
6:27 justice ruling on television yadav case
6:30 and its implications in 2019 the
6:32 international court of justice ruled in
6:34 favor of India in case brought against
6:36 Pakistan concerning the treatment of an
6:39 Indian national television yadav who was
6:41 sentenced to death by Pakistani military
6:43 court on charges of Espionage
6:45 International court of justice found
6:48 that Pakistan has violated the jadev's
6:50 right under the winner convention on
6:52 councilor relations and ordered Pakistan
6:55 to provide him with counselor access and
6:57 review his conviction now coming over to
6:59 the role of international courts and
7:01 tribunals in enforcing international law
7:03 international courts and tribunals play
7:05 a critical role in enforcing
7:07 international law by providing a neutral
7:09 forum for the resolution of disputes
7:12 they help to ensure that countries and
7:13 other actors comply with their
7:15 International legal obligations by
7:18 issuing legal binding judgments and
7:20 decisions now coming over to another
7:22 mean of enforcing international law
7:24 which is collective security definition
7:25 an example of collective security
7:27 mechanisms the elective security
7:29 mechanisms involve the cooperation of
7:32 countries to prevent and respond to the
7:33 threat of international space and
7:35 security examples of collective security
7:38 mechanism include the United Nations
7:40 security Council the North Atlantic
7:43 Treaty Organization NATO and the
7:45 regional security organizations now
7:47 coming over the example which is the
7:49 United Nations security Council
7:51 authorizing the use of force to protect
7:53 civilians in Libya in 2011. collective
7:56 security involves the use of force by a
7:57 group of nation to protect the security
8:00 of one or more nations in this example
8:03 the U.N security Council authorized the
8:04 use of force to protect civilians in
8:07 Libya from violence and conflict now
8:09 coming over to the second example which
8:11 is the Neto conducting air strikes
8:13 against Yugoslavia to hold the conflict
8:16 in Kosovo in 1999 NATO conducted
8:18 airstrike against the Yugoslavia to
8:21 prevent human rights abuses encosov and
8:23 to bring an end to the conflict now
8:24 third example which is pertinent to
8:27 Pakistan Pakistan's participation in
8:29 Shanghai Corporation organizations joint
8:31 military exercise for regional security
8:33 and cooperations Pakistan is a member of
8:35 the Shanghai Corporation organization
8:38 sco original organization that promotes
8:40 security and economic cooperation among
8:44 its member states in 2020 the SEO held a
8:46 joint military exercise peace Mission
8:49 2020 which involved troops from Pakistan
8:52 China Russia and other member states
8:54 exercise aimed to enhance the collective
8:56 security of the region and strengthen
8:59 the capacity of member states to respond
9:01 to threats to peace and security now
9:03 coming over to the role of collective
9:05 security in enforcing international law
9:07 collective security plays a vital role
9:09 in enforcing international law by
9:12 providing a framework for countries to
9:14 work together to prevent conflicts and
9:16 respond to threats to International
9:18 Peace and security collective security
9:21 mechanism can also authorize the use of
9:23 military force to enforce international
9:25 law if necessary now the next is
9:28 economic and trade sanctions coming over
9:30 to the definition and examples of
9:32 Economic and trade sanctions economic
9:34 and rare sanctions involve the use of
9:36 economic pressure such as trade
9:38 restrictions and financial sanctions to
9:41 influence the behavior of country or
9:43 other actors now there are few examples
9:45 such as the United States imposing
9:48 economic sanctions on Russia in response
9:51 to its annexation of Crimea economic and
9:52 trade sanctions involve restricting
9:54 economic activities and trade with a
9:56 nation to encourage compliance with
9:58 international law in this example the
10:01 U.S imposed sanctions on Russia in
10:04 response to its annexation of Crimea as
10:06 a where to pressure Russia to respect
10:09 Ukraine's sovereignty second example is
10:10 the United Nations security Council
10:13 imposing trade sanctions on Iraq in 1990
10:16 to compel it to comply with disarmament
10:18 obligation the U.N security Council
10:21 imposed Fair sanction on Iraq to compel
10:23 it to comply with international law by
10:25 disarming its weapon of mass destruction
10:27 now the third example is from Pakistan
10:30 which is Pakistan's response to fit of
10:32 gray list for combating terrorism
10:35 financing in 2018 Pakistan was placed on
10:38 the financial action task force realist
10:39 due to allegations of supporting
10:42 terrorist groups as a result Pakistan
10:44 faced restriction on its access to
10:46 International financial markets and was
10:48 under pressure to take measure Against
10:50 The Crusade group operating within its
10:52 territory now coming over to the role of
10:54 Economic and trade sanction in enforcing
10:56 international law economic and trade
10:59 sanction can be an ineffective tool for
11:00 enforcing international law by
11:03 pressuring countries or other actors to
11:05 comply with their International legal
11:07 obligations they can also be used to
11:10 debtor countries for engaging in
11:11 activities that violate international
11:14 law now coming over to military force
11:17 which is one of the mean of enforcing
11:18 international law definition and exam
11:21 couple of use of military force to
11:23 enforce international law the use of
11:24 military force to enforce international
11:27 law involves the use of military action
11:29 such as peacekeeping missions or
11:31 military intervention to enforce
11:33 International legal obligations now
11:34 coming over to different examples first
11:36 of all the United States and its allies
11:39 conducting air strikes against Isis in
11:41 Iraq and Syria to degrade its military
11:44 capabilities the use of military force
11:46 involves use using military power to
11:48 achieve a particular objective in this
11:51 example the U.S and its allies used
11:52 airstrike to degrade the military
11:56 capability of Isis in Iraq and Syria the
11:58 next is the United States leading a
12:01 coalition to invade Iraq in 2003 to
12:03 remove Saddam Hussein from Power the use
12:05 of mutual force can also involve a
12:07 full-scale military intervention as in
12:10 the case of U.S led invasion of Iraq in
12:13 2003 which aimed to remove Saddam
12:15 Hussein from power now the third example
12:17 is from Pakistan in which Pakistan India
12:20 conflict Pakistan use of military force
12:22 in the distributed region of Kashmir
12:24 Pakistan has Used military force to
12:25 enforce international law in various
12:28 conflicts including its ongoing conflict
12:30 with India over the disputed region of
12:33 Kashmir in February 2019 Pakistan shot
12:35 down two Indian fighter jets that has
12:38 crossed into Pakistani airspace leading
12:40 to a brief military escalation between
12:42 the two countries now coming over to the
12:44 limitation of using military force to
12:46 enforce international law while military
12:48 force can be an effective tool for
12:50 enforcing international law it also has
12:52 significant limitations the use of
12:55 military force can be costly both in
12:56 terms of human life and economic
13:00 resources it can also lead to unintended
13:02 consequences such as civilian casualties
13:04 and the destabilization of countries or
13:06 regions therefore the use of military
13:08 force to enforce international law
13:11 should be a lost Resort and only used
13:13 when all other mergers have been
13:15 exhausted now coming over to the last
13:18 mean of enforcing international law
13:20 which is in National Organization and
13:22 non-state actors definition an example
13:24 of international organization and known
13:26 State actors International Organization
13:29 are intergovernmental bodies established
13:31 to promote cooperation and collaboration
13:33 between countries example of
13:34 international organization include the
13:36 United Nation the World Health
13:38 Organization and the international
13:41 monetary fund known State actors refer
13:44 to entities that are not governments but
13:46 still have a significant impact on
13:48 International Affairs such as
13:49 multinational corporation and
13:52 non-governmental organization now coming
13:54 over to few examples in which first one
13:56 is the World Health Organization
13:58 conducting a global response to the
14:00 covid-19 pandemic International
14:04 Organization such as the who play a
14:05 critical role in coordinating and
14:07 responding to Global Health emergencies
14:10 during the covid-19 pandemic The Who
14:12 coordinated a global response to the
14:14 virus including providing technical
14:16 guidance and support to countries second
14:18 is the Human Rights Watch educating for
14:21 the protecting of Rights of refugees and
14:24 migrants at International level non-stat
14:27 actors such as ngos can also play a
14:28 crucial role in promoting the
14:30 enforcement of international law
14:32 particularly in the area of human rights
14:35 for example Human Rights Watch is an
14:36 international non-governmental
14:39 organization that advocates for the
14:40 protection of Human Rights around the
14:42 world in the context of refugees and
14:45 migrants Human Rights Watch has been
14:47 actively advocating for the protection
14:49 of their rights at International level
14:52 now the third example is from Pakistan
14:55 which is Pakistan's participation in U.N
14:57 LED peacekeeping Mission and cooperation
14:58 with International organizations
15:00 Pakistan is a member of United Nation
15:03 and has actively participated in various
15:05 U.N LED peacekeeping missions including
15:08 in Liberia and Democratic Republic of
15:10 Congo Pakistan has also cooperated with
15:12 International Organization such as
15:15 International atomic energy agency to
15:17 ensure the safe and peaceful use of
15:20 nuclear technology now coming over to
15:22 the role of international organization
15:24 and non-state actors in enforcing
15:25 international law international
15:28 organization and non-state actors can
15:30 play a crucial role in enforcing
15:33 international law that can advocate for
15:34 the implementation and enforcement of
15:37 international legal obligations provide
15:38 technical assistance to countries and
15:40 monitor compliance with international
15:43 law ngos can also engage in public
15:45 awareness campaigns and legal advocacy
15:47 to promote the enforcement of
15:49 international law with this I come over
15:52 to the conclusion part enforcement of
15:53 international law is crucial for
15:55 maintaining peace and Security in
15:57 International Community various
15:59 mechanisms are used to enforce
16:01 international law including diplomatic
16:03 action International Court entrepreneurs
16:05 collective security economic and trade
16:07 sanctions military force and the
16:08 involvement of international
16:10 organization and non-state actors
16:12 diplomatic action play a significant
16:14 role in enforcing international law by
16:17 creating awareness about violation and
16:19 Rising concern among the International
16:21 Community International course and
16:23 tribunals provide a platform for the
16:24 peaceful settlement of disputes between
16:26 states collective security mechanism
16:28 help in preventing and resolving
16:30 conflicts by involving International
16:32 organizations and member states economic
16:35 and trade sanction can also be imposed
16:37 to enforce international law the use of
16:39 military force however has limitation
16:42 and should be used only in extreme cases
16:43 the involvement of international
16:46 organization and non-state actors can
16:48 also contribute to the enforcement of
16:50 international law overall the effective
16:52 enforcement of international law is
16:54 essential for maintaining peace and
16:57 Security in the world now with this I
16:59 come over to the end of my today's topic
17:02 so you can subscribe and stay tuned if
17:04 you have any query you can ask in
17:06 comments thank you for watching this
17:08 video on enforcing of international law
17:11 and we hope this video has provided you
17:13 with the valuable insight into the
17:15 today's topic and we encourage you to
17:16 continue learning more about the
17:18 fascinating and complex topics thank you
17:20 again for watching and we will see you
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