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Introduction to Line Plot Graphs with matplotlib Python
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okay this is gonna be an introduction to line plots with matplotlib and Matt plot led is the primary graphics library for Python it's a third-party library but it'll be installed automatically if you have installed a scientific platform such as anaconda now there are many other graphics libraries out there but most of them are just wrappers around matplotlib so in other words they use matplotlib as the base case and matplotlib allows the production of publication quality graphics now if you consider all of the elements of a graph the axes the labels the plot area you can just imagine that it may take many lines of code to get some of your grass looking just the way you want them now this is going to be an introduction to line plots and I'm gonna cover most of the common elements in the graph so you can get started so I'm gonna be working with a jupiter notebook here and you're gonna be able to download this notebook from a link in the video the first thing we're gonna need to do is to set up the environment the only library I really need here is matplotlib but I'm going to import pandas and pandas data reader so that I can work with some real data now matplotlib is a huge library and it has lots of modules within it the main module you're gonna want to work with is PI plot and so that's what I'm going to import okay we'll run that cell okay and then I'll go ahead and get some date I'm gonna get some stock price data for Google and Amazon and then we'll just take a look at the first few rows of that okay so I have data going back to the beginning of 2019 here and with that we're ready to go ahead and start plotting so at the most basic level all we need to do is call that import PLT and then call plot so plot is the main line plot method and then I'll just reference what I want to plot okay so you can see we get a very basic graph alright another artifact we get is the reference to the object we created we can suppress this with a semicolon okay if we want to plot the Amazon with the Google we just go ahead and add another line okay and this gives you an example of how the pipe lot module works essentially what we're doing is we're building these graphics in layers and so Python always assumes that we are talking about the current graph so anything that I reference here is gonna get added to this current graph alright so we'll make a few other changes because this is looking pretty boring one of the first things we're going to do is make the graphic larger so I'm going to import another module from matplotlib okay this is going to allow us to set certain parameters so I'll set the figure size okay the parameters actually live in a list like structure okay so we'll see what that does okay so we get a larger graphic if you want to play around with the height and width we can do that all right so at least now we can see the dates clearly all right and then let's add a few more features to our graph okay I'm always gonna end with this semicolon so I suppress that object address all right so the next thing I'm gonna do is add the legend and if I don't give it any location it's gonna show up in the upper right here all right and I can change the location there's lots of ways to do it I tend to use the numeric system all right so location 2 is upper left so that's location 1 2 3 and 4 we can set it in the middle so location 6 in the middle there and I can get it on the other side okay and then along the horizontal axis we can Center it there as well all right in the top or the bottom so location 9 all right so I said it as location 2 all right next thing we're gonna do is add some lines in here so these things are not just kind of floating in space so I'm going to call the grid and I'm gonna set it as true ok so by default we just get this sort of grayscale line you can control it a little bit so we can do something like set the color you can set the color as anything you want there are seven color codes CMYK GRB all right so I'll just set it as black okay so that basically makes the grids take the front stage here all right so they're sort of featured more prominently than any of the data we're graphing I'm going to change their line style and there are a few line styles so we can do a dashed line and dash dot a dot dot is what I'm about to do I'm paying so then that I guess makes the data front and center again what would your graph be without a title so we're gonna add a title so just like that we have a title we could if we wanted to set the font we could set a different font we can set a different font size okay there's lots of options I'm not gonna be able to go through here in a quick video okay if we want to label the axes I can set X label or Y label here I'll just set the X and we'll get date down there okay if we want to play around with the limits of our axes either X or Y we can set limits so I will do this quickly just to demonstrate it for the y axis okay the property is either x limb or Y limb we need to tell it where to start and where to stop so we'll go down to 500 and up to 2500 just so we get a different axes here it's not probably gonna look very good okay so there it is it kind of centers the data there all right if we don't want to see all of these ticks all right we can set a limit so Y ticks X ticks all right and then it's going to take a list like structure so I can set a variable pass this into X ticks and so I can just start at 500 and go every 500 all right a couple more things if we had a line style that we can use for the grids we must have one that we can use on the actual data and we do all right so I will play with the data just a little bit and I'll make it read all right so this sort of a shortcut method of setting the color and the line style all right I can break them out and specify it if I want I can use OHS alright so I get a bigger dot there alright and so as I mentioned there are seven colors you can use with the shortcut method CMYK RGB if you want some other color you can specify a color and you can actually use any system alright so I can use blue okay Python has a number of built-in colors so something like Alice blue would work alright I can use a hexadecimal color so okay so there's a hex code I can use RGB using three coordinates between zero and one that indicate how close to black I want to get okay the most common thing you probably do is just let matplotlib decide what the color will be all right so that's what I did when I first started I just let matplotlib decide what the default should be okay and if we want to get something that's a little bit awed mented here we can import a different theme to plot okay so there's a number of styles we can use I'm going to try ggplot alright so there's a common wrapper library that you can also install and work with if you don't want to work with matplotlib okay we see it looks pretty much the same as the default so we'll get something that looks a little bit different here and yeah if you're wondering and you're familiar with our that is the same ggplot that is the sort of de facto standard in our alright let me try a different style here okay so there's the 538 style and as I mentioned at the beginning a lot of times getting your graphics to look just right takes lots of lines of code alright we haven't really done that much but you can see that oh there are quite a few lines of code here just to get a pretty simple graph out there alright so that's why maybe you should take a look at some of the themes and see if any of those will at least get you to a baseline that you can work from okay and then down below here I have included a couple of links out to the documentation the documentation is very good and extensive so you can spend a lot of time out there I just pointed at the common things that you might want to do like look at the different themes okay so we can scroll through and we can set one of these to be used instead of the default all right and there are quite a few alright and the interesting thing here is down at the bottom they actually show you the code that they use to generate these this graphic up above alright so if you want to get a little bit more exposure you can take a look at this and even try that code okay and then just I showed you one quick line marker or two I guess I showed you the dots and the and the O's here's the extensive listing of all the different markers you can use alright so that would be a line style okay so I hope that can get you started with line plots and matplotlib
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