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Introduction to Line Plot Graphs with matplotlib Python

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okay this is gonna be an introduction to

line plots with matplotlib and Matt plot

led is the primary graphics library for

Python it's a third-party library but

it'll be installed automatically if you

have installed a scientific platform

such as anaconda now there are many

other graphics libraries out there but

most of them are just wrappers around

matplotlib so in other words they use

matplotlib as the base case and

matplotlib allows the production of

publication quality graphics now if you

consider all of the elements of a graph

the axes the labels the plot area you

can just imagine that it may take many

lines of code to get some of your grass

looking just the way you want them now

this is going to be an introduction to

line plots and I'm gonna cover most of

the common elements in the graph so you

can get started so I'm gonna be working

with a jupiter notebook here and you're

gonna be able to download this notebook

from a link in the video the first thing

we're gonna need to do is to set up the

environment the only library I really

need here is matplotlib but I'm going to

import pandas and pandas data reader so

that I can work with some real data

now matplotlib is a huge library and it

has lots of modules within it the main

module you're gonna want to work with is

PI plot and so that's what I'm going to

import okay we'll run that cell okay and

then I'll go ahead and get some date I'm

gonna get some stock price data for

Google and Amazon and then we'll just

take a look at the first few rows of

that okay so I have data going back to

the beginning of 2019 here and with that

we're ready to go ahead and start

plotting so at the most basic level all

we need to do is call that import PLT

and then call plot so plot is the main

line plot method and then I'll just

reference what I want to plot okay so

you can see we get a very basic graph

alright another artifact we get is the

reference to the object we created we

can suppress this with a semicolon

okay if we want to plot the Amazon with

the Google

we just go ahead and add another line

okay and this gives you an example of

how the pipe lot module works

essentially what we're doing is we're

building these graphics in layers and so

Python always assumes that we are

talking about the current graph so

anything that I reference here is gonna

get added to this current graph alright

so we'll make a few other changes

because this is looking pretty boring

one of the first things we're going to

do is make the graphic larger so I'm

going to import another module from

matplotlib

okay this is going to allow us to set

certain parameters so I'll set the

figure size okay the parameters actually

live in a list like structure

okay so we'll see what that does okay so

we get a larger graphic if you want to

play around with the height and width we

can do that all right so at least now we

can see the dates clearly all right and

then let's add a few more features to

our graph okay I'm always gonna end with

this semicolon so I suppress that object

address all right so the next thing I'm

gonna do is add the legend and if I

don't give it any location it's gonna

show up in the upper right here all

right and I can change the location

there's lots of ways to do it I tend to

use the numeric system

all right so location 2 is upper left so

that's location 1 2 3 and 4 we can set

it in the middle so location 6 in the

middle there and I can get it on the

other side okay and then along the

horizontal axis we can Center it there

as well all right in the top or the

bottom so location 9 all right so I said

it as location 2

all right next thing we're gonna do is

add some lines in here so these things

are not just kind of floating in space

so I'm going to call the grid and I'm

gonna set it as true ok so by default we

just get this sort of grayscale line you

can control it a little bit so we can do

something like set the color you can set

the color as anything you want there are

seven color codes CMYK GRB all right so

I'll just set it as black okay so that

basically makes the grids take the front

stage here all right so they're sort of

featured more prominently than any of

the data we're graphing I'm going to

change their line style

and there are a few line styles so we

can do a dashed line and dash dot a dot

dot is what I'm about to do I'm paying

so then that I guess makes the data

front and center again what would your

graph be without a title so we're gonna

add a title

so just like that we have a title we

could if we wanted to set the font we

could set a different font we can set a

different font size okay there's lots of

options I'm not gonna be able to go

through here in a quick video okay if we

want to label the axes I can set X label

or Y label here I'll just set the X and

we'll get date down there okay if we

want to play around with the limits of

our axes either X or Y we can set limits

so I will do this quickly just to

demonstrate it for the y axis

okay the property is either x limb or Y

limb we need to tell it where to start

and where to stop so we'll go down to

500 and up to 2500 just so we get a

different axes here it's not probably

gonna look very good okay so there it is

it kind of centers the data there all

right if we don't want to see all of

these ticks all right we can set a limit

so Y ticks X ticks all right and then

it's going to take a list like structure

so I can set a variable pass this into X

ticks and so I can just start at 500 and

go every 500

all right a couple more things if we had

a line style that we can use for the

grids we must have one that we can use

on the actual data and we do all right

so I will play with the data just a

little bit and I'll make it read all

right so this sort of a shortcut method

of setting the color and the line style

all right I can break them out and

specify it if I want I can use OHS

alright so I get a bigger dot there

alright and so as I mentioned there are

seven colors you can use with the

shortcut method CMYK RGB if you want

some other color you can specify a color

and you can actually use any system

alright so I can use blue okay Python

has a number of built-in colors so

something like Alice blue would work

alright I can use a hexadecimal color so

okay so there's a hex code I can use RGB

using three coordinates between zero and

one that indicate how close to black I

want to get okay the most common thing

you probably do is just let matplotlib

decide what the color will be all right

so that's what I did when I first

started I just let matplotlib decide

what the default should be okay and if

we want to get something that's a little

bit awed mented here we can import a

different theme to plot

okay so there's a number of styles we

can use I'm going to try ggplot alright

so there's a common wrapper library that

you can also install and work with if

you don't want to work with matplotlib

okay we see it looks pretty much the

same as the default so we'll get

something that looks a little bit

different here and yeah if you're

wondering and you're familiar with our

that is the same ggplot that is the sort

of de facto standard in our alright let

me try a different style here okay so

there's the 538 style and as I mentioned

at the beginning a lot of times getting

your graphics to look just right takes

lots of lines of code alright we haven't

really done that much but you can see

that oh there are quite a few lines of

code here just to get a pretty simple

graph out there alright so that's why

maybe you should take a look at some of

the themes and see if any of those will

at least get you to a baseline that you

can work from okay and then down below

here I have included a couple of links

out to the documentation the

documentation is very good and extensive

so you can spend a lot of time out there

I just pointed at the common things that

you might want to do like look at the

different themes okay so we can scroll

through and we can set one of these to

be used instead of the default all right

and there are quite a few alright and

the interesting thing here is down at

the bottom they actually show you the

code that they use to generate these

this graphic up above alright so if you

want to get a little bit more exposure

you can take a look at this and even try

that code okay and then just I showed

you one quick line marker or two I guess

I showed you the dots and the and the

O's here's the extensive listing of all

the different markers you can use

alright so that would be a line style

okay so I hope that can get you started

with line plots and matplotlib

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YouTube Transcript:
Introduction to Line Plot Graphs with matplotlib Python