YouTube Transcript:
25 3 2022 Backlash

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after winning the california primary for

the democratic presidential nomination

in june senator robert kennedy was

likewise assassinated by a deranged

gunman vice president hubert humphrey

seemed assured of the nomination at the

dnc that august in chicago but some 10

000 anti-war activists protested outside

the convention

crucially they also included hundreds of

fbi agent provocateurs seeking to

provoke violence that could be used to

discount this anti-war movement

chicago's democratic mayor richard daley

unleashed thousands of police on

protesters bystanders and photographers

subsequent investigations called it a

police riot

90 million americans watched on

television as the deeply divided

democratic party appeared helpless to

stop the violence as it tore itself apart

apart

and into the vacuum of public anger and

alienation stepped to men

the conservative backlash in the mid to

late 60s was receptive to alabama

governor george wallace's right-wing

populist message of hostility to

liberals black people and the federal government

government

he campaigned for quote law and order

and against civil rights as an

independent candidate remember the law

that had recently been overturned in

1964 was segregation so he's only four

years later calling for law and order

from the sixties forward this law and

order message implied that the candidate

would be tough on crime particularly

crimes committed by non-white criminals

it also referred to a preference

of that candidate for order and

hierarchy unchanged by new challenges

like civil rights lgbt rights or feminism

feminism

richard nixon had worked hard to remake

his public image for 1968 refashioning

himself as a statesman with a mission to

reduce international tensions

he campaigned to restore peace and

prosperity to what he called the silent

center the millions of people in the

middle of the political spectrum

the campaign for the silent majority as

it became known attracted suburban americans

americans

and nixon won the presidency with 43 of

the popular vote and 302 electoral votes

besting humphreys 42 and 191 electoral

votes but also note wallace's 13 percent

concentrated in the deep south which

still netted him 45 electoral college

votes and of course we've already

covered the shinoah affair in the

vietnam lecture and what else is going

on to try to get nixon elected and his

stance on vietnam

nixon became the most liberal republican

president since theodore roosevelt when

it came to domestic issues and that's in

part because congress was still

controlled by democrats and if congress

could pass a bill with a veto proof

majority meaning they had enough

republican help to do that he would then

incorporate that bill into his program

making it his own which then made it

difficult for democrats to oppose him in

upcoming elections

let's look at some examples of this

in 1969 a huge oil spill off santa

barbara fell 200 miles of california beaches

beaches

then the cuyahoga river in cleveland its

surface coated with waste and oil caught

on fire and burned for days

and this was not the first time it had

happened either in fact to meet their

deadline time magazine ran a photo of an

earlier time the river caught on fire

from november 1952

environmentalists around the country

proclaimed april 22 1970 as earth day

congress responded by creating the

environmental protection agency the epa

in 1970 which nixon signed into law

because it had veto proof support

doesn't mean he actually liked it but if

it's going to pass under his

administration anyway he's going to take

credit for it

congress then passed amendments to the

clean air and clean water acts in 1970

and 72 increasing regulations on

pollution from cars and factories

they also passed the endangered species

act in 73 which created for the first

time the legal right of a non-human

animal to survive

but when congress passed the

comprehensive child development act

which included a national

taxpayer-supported universal daycare

system for americans

nixon vetoed it because congress did not

so he's quite strategic with how he uses

that veto power

or just signs bills that he knows he

can't actually stop

nixon preferred to focus on foreign

policy and he announced the nixon

doctrine in 1969 turning away from

containment to de tot and i've got the

merriam-webster definition there of

daetant the relaxation of strange

relations or tensions so if you've ever

been in a fight with someone you

actually care about and you think we

just need to stop for a minute we need

to walk away maybe i'm hangry i need to

go get a snack right like snickers

commercial whatever it is you need to do

you just need to take a break to keep

from saying things you don't mean that's

a day taught you've done that in your

relationship so detent on this level

means that the us would still support

democratic capitalism abroad but third

world states would have to fight their

own wars we're still in vietnam at this

point but the idea is that there would

be no new vietnam

promoted by national security adviser

and later secretary of state henry

kissinger de tante improved relations

with cold war rivals it also included

reducing arms on both sides and limiting

the arms race where we both just keep

trying to build bigger nukes

nixon took advantage of tensions between

china and the soviet union and sought

better relationships with both to try to

strengthen america's position relative

to each

nixon was the first american president

to visit communist china in 1971 and the

first since fdr to visit the soviet

union in 1972

something that is a little easier for

someone on the right to do because

someone on the left would often be

attacked by the right for making those

kinds of trips

two u.s soviet arms agreements resulted

from daetant that are pretty important

the anti-ballistic missile treaty the

abm and the strategic arms limit treaty

or salt both of which reduced kind of

this race to build bigger better weapons

and lots more of them during the cold war

war

now by 1973 after 30 years of the cold

war peaceful coexistence seemed possible

but in retaliation for u.s support of

israel and the arab-israeli war of

october 1973 the organization of

petroleum exporting countries or opec

comprised of the world's leading oil

producers most of whom are in the middle

east embargoed oil exports to five

nations including the united states and

this launched the first u.s energy crisis

crisis

drivers waited for hours to fill up

their cars and gas stations simply ran

out of gas

opec finally rescinded the embargo in

1974 but the economic damage was done

and would last for several years even

into the next administration likely

costing them re-election

constitutionally as commander-in-chief

the president directs the armed forces

but only congress can declare war or

quote raise and support armies that is

pay for them so after the pentagon

papers which you should remember from

the vietnam lecture in 1973 congress

passed the war powers act over nixon's

veto and it reduced the president's

ability to wage war without

congressional consent

it requires presidents to notify

congress within 48 hours of deploying

forces and says the military actions

must end after 60 days unless congress

declares war or authorizes that force

but since the 1970s nearly every

president has either sidestepped some of

the law's provisions or labeled it unconstitutional

unconstitutional

and the law has rarely worked as it was intended

intended

no scandal did more to unravel public

trust in the government than watergate

this is also why anytime there is a

political scandal the media tries to add

the word gate at the end of it it's all

after watergate

on june 17th 1972 five men were arrested

inside the offices of the democratic

national committee the dnc and the

watergate complex police caught these

men attempting to install sophisticated

bugging equipment there and one of those

arrested was a former cia employee who

was now working as a need for nixon's

committee to re-elect the president the crp

crp

or as liberals critiqued it and called

it creep

we do not know if nixon ordered the

watergate break-in specifically but he

had asked his chief of staff haldeman to

illegally wiretap the dnc chairman he

wanted to find out the name of the dnc's

financial supporter so he could have the

irs conduct bogus investigations into

them which is illegal

he also ordered haldeman to break into

the offices of the brookings institute a

dc think tank that they mistakenly

believed had files from the previous

administration on vietnam

nixon is on tape in the oval office

saying quote god dammit get in and get

those files below the safe and get it

the break-ins at watergate brookings and

if you remember from the vietnam lecture

ellsberg's psychiatrist office were all illegal

illegal

nixon altered a plan to use still

illegal break-ins wiretaps and mail

openings against domestic terrorists and

instead was using them against his

political opponents

nixon and his white house launched a

massive cover-up of watergate they

ordered the cia to stop the fbi's

investigation claiming this was a

national security issue

nixon also arranged a 400 000 bribe to

the burglars to keep them quiet

he distanced himself from the incident

publicly and he won re-election in

november of 1972 in part because

americans just did not think the

president could be in on something like this

this

when the burglars came to trial in

january of 73 the judge threatened very

heavy sentences to pressure them into

talking and one of them gave in

bob woodward and carl bernstein of the

washington post were then able to link

nixon's people to some of the dirty

tricks and illegal campaign

contributions that had been going on

the senate held televised hearings which

nixon cited executive privilege to avoid

having to testify at

many americans were shocked that the

president would refuse to testify if he

didn't know anything or didn't do

anything wrong why wouldn't he testify

congress asked what did the president

know and when did he know it on may 25

1973 newly appointed attorney general

elliot richardson appointed archibald

cox as the special prosecutor for the

watergate investigation so his job is to

investigate it and bring any charges

that need to be brought criminally in

that case

nixon coached his people what to tell

the investigators which is illegal he

claimed his staff had lied to him and he

set up white house counsel that's an

attorney john dean to take the fall

so it seemed to be dean's words against

nixon and if you're in that position

against the president of the united

states typically the president wins but

then november nixon discussed the

investigation in a press conference

let's see what nixon infamously has to say

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