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25 3 2022 Backlash
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after winning the california primary for
the democratic presidential nomination
in june senator robert kennedy was
likewise assassinated by a deranged
gunman vice president hubert humphrey
seemed assured of the nomination at the
dnc that august in chicago but some 10
000 anti-war activists protested outside
the convention
crucially they also included hundreds of
fbi agent provocateurs seeking to
provoke violence that could be used to
discount this anti-war movement
chicago's democratic mayor richard daley
unleashed thousands of police on
protesters bystanders and photographers
subsequent investigations called it a
police riot
90 million americans watched on
television as the deeply divided
democratic party appeared helpless to
stop the violence as it tore itself apart
apart
and into the vacuum of public anger and
alienation stepped to men
the conservative backlash in the mid to
late 60s was receptive to alabama
governor george wallace's right-wing
populist message of hostility to
liberals black people and the federal government
government
he campaigned for quote law and order
and against civil rights as an
independent candidate remember the law
that had recently been overturned in
1964 was segregation so he's only four
years later calling for law and order
from the sixties forward this law and
order message implied that the candidate
would be tough on crime particularly
crimes committed by non-white criminals
it also referred to a preference
of that candidate for order and
hierarchy unchanged by new challenges
like civil rights lgbt rights or feminism
feminism
richard nixon had worked hard to remake
his public image for 1968 refashioning
himself as a statesman with a mission to
reduce international tensions
he campaigned to restore peace and
prosperity to what he called the silent
center the millions of people in the
middle of the political spectrum
the campaign for the silent majority as
it became known attracted suburban americans
americans
and nixon won the presidency with 43 of
the popular vote and 302 electoral votes
besting humphreys 42 and 191 electoral
votes but also note wallace's 13 percent
concentrated in the deep south which
still netted him 45 electoral college
votes and of course we've already
covered the shinoah affair in the
vietnam lecture and what else is going
on to try to get nixon elected and his
stance on vietnam
nixon became the most liberal republican
president since theodore roosevelt when
it came to domestic issues and that's in
part because congress was still
controlled by democrats and if congress
could pass a bill with a veto proof
majority meaning they had enough
republican help to do that he would then
incorporate that bill into his program
making it his own which then made it
difficult for democrats to oppose him in
upcoming elections
let's look at some examples of this
in 1969 a huge oil spill off santa
barbara fell 200 miles of california beaches
beaches
then the cuyahoga river in cleveland its
surface coated with waste and oil caught
on fire and burned for days
and this was not the first time it had
happened either in fact to meet their
deadline time magazine ran a photo of an
earlier time the river caught on fire
from november 1952
environmentalists around the country
proclaimed april 22 1970 as earth day
congress responded by creating the
environmental protection agency the epa
in 1970 which nixon signed into law
because it had veto proof support
doesn't mean he actually liked it but if
it's going to pass under his
administration anyway he's going to take
credit for it
congress then passed amendments to the
clean air and clean water acts in 1970
and 72 increasing regulations on
pollution from cars and factories
they also passed the endangered species
act in 73 which created for the first
time the legal right of a non-human
animal to survive
but when congress passed the
comprehensive child development act
which included a national
taxpayer-supported universal daycare
system for americans
nixon vetoed it because congress did not
so he's quite strategic with how he uses
that veto power
or just signs bills that he knows he
can't actually stop
nixon preferred to focus on foreign
policy and he announced the nixon
doctrine in 1969 turning away from
containment to de tot and i've got the
merriam-webster definition there of
daetant the relaxation of strange
relations or tensions so if you've ever
been in a fight with someone you
actually care about and you think we
just need to stop for a minute we need
to walk away maybe i'm hangry i need to
go get a snack right like snickers
commercial whatever it is you need to do
you just need to take a break to keep
from saying things you don't mean that's
a day taught you've done that in your
relationship so detent on this level
means that the us would still support
democratic capitalism abroad but third
world states would have to fight their
own wars we're still in vietnam at this
point but the idea is that there would
be no new vietnam
promoted by national security adviser
and later secretary of state henry
kissinger de tante improved relations
with cold war rivals it also included
reducing arms on both sides and limiting
the arms race where we both just keep
trying to build bigger nukes
nixon took advantage of tensions between
china and the soviet union and sought
better relationships with both to try to
strengthen america's position relative
to each
nixon was the first american president
to visit communist china in 1971 and the
first since fdr to visit the soviet
union in 1972
something that is a little easier for
someone on the right to do because
someone on the left would often be
attacked by the right for making those
kinds of trips
two u.s soviet arms agreements resulted
from daetant that are pretty important
the anti-ballistic missile treaty the
abm and the strategic arms limit treaty
or salt both of which reduced kind of
this race to build bigger better weapons
and lots more of them during the cold war
war
now by 1973 after 30 years of the cold
war peaceful coexistence seemed possible
but in retaliation for u.s support of
israel and the arab-israeli war of
october 1973 the organization of
petroleum exporting countries or opec
comprised of the world's leading oil
producers most of whom are in the middle
east embargoed oil exports to five
nations including the united states and
this launched the first u.s energy crisis
crisis
drivers waited for hours to fill up
their cars and gas stations simply ran
out of gas
opec finally rescinded the embargo in
1974 but the economic damage was done
and would last for several years even
into the next administration likely
costing them re-election
constitutionally as commander-in-chief
the president directs the armed forces
but only congress can declare war or
quote raise and support armies that is
pay for them so after the pentagon
papers which you should remember from
the vietnam lecture in 1973 congress
passed the war powers act over nixon's
veto and it reduced the president's
ability to wage war without
congressional consent
it requires presidents to notify
congress within 48 hours of deploying
forces and says the military actions
must end after 60 days unless congress
declares war or authorizes that force
but since the 1970s nearly every
president has either sidestepped some of
the law's provisions or labeled it unconstitutional
unconstitutional
and the law has rarely worked as it was intended
intended
no scandal did more to unravel public
trust in the government than watergate
this is also why anytime there is a
political scandal the media tries to add
the word gate at the end of it it's all
after watergate
on june 17th 1972 five men were arrested
inside the offices of the democratic
national committee the dnc and the
watergate complex police caught these
men attempting to install sophisticated
bugging equipment there and one of those
arrested was a former cia employee who
was now working as a need for nixon's
committee to re-elect the president the crp
crp
or as liberals critiqued it and called
it creep
we do not know if nixon ordered the
watergate break-in specifically but he
had asked his chief of staff haldeman to
illegally wiretap the dnc chairman he
wanted to find out the name of the dnc's
financial supporter so he could have the
irs conduct bogus investigations into
them which is illegal
he also ordered haldeman to break into
the offices of the brookings institute a
dc think tank that they mistakenly
believed had files from the previous
administration on vietnam
nixon is on tape in the oval office
saying quote god dammit get in and get
those files below the safe and get it
the break-ins at watergate brookings and
if you remember from the vietnam lecture
ellsberg's psychiatrist office were all illegal
illegal
nixon altered a plan to use still
illegal break-ins wiretaps and mail
openings against domestic terrorists and
instead was using them against his
political opponents
nixon and his white house launched a
massive cover-up of watergate they
ordered the cia to stop the fbi's
investigation claiming this was a
national security issue
nixon also arranged a 400 000 bribe to
the burglars to keep them quiet
he distanced himself from the incident
publicly and he won re-election in
november of 1972 in part because
americans just did not think the
president could be in on something like this
this
when the burglars came to trial in
january of 73 the judge threatened very
heavy sentences to pressure them into
talking and one of them gave in
bob woodward and carl bernstein of the
washington post were then able to link
nixon's people to some of the dirty
tricks and illegal campaign
contributions that had been going on
the senate held televised hearings which
nixon cited executive privilege to avoid
having to testify at
many americans were shocked that the
president would refuse to testify if he
didn't know anything or didn't do
anything wrong why wouldn't he testify
congress asked what did the president
know and when did he know it on may 25
1973 newly appointed attorney general
elliot richardson appointed archibald
cox as the special prosecutor for the
watergate investigation so his job is to
investigate it and bring any charges
that need to be brought criminally in
that case
nixon coached his people what to tell
the investigators which is illegal he
claimed his staff had lied to him and he
set up white house counsel that's an
attorney john dean to take the fall
so it seemed to be dean's words against
nixon and if you're in that position
against the president of the united
states typically the president wins but
then november nixon discussed the
investigation in a press conference
let's see what nixon infamously has to say
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