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English Explanation of A Living God | ISC Class 11 Prism Textbook | English with Sudhir Sir | SWS

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[Music] [Applause]

[Applause] [Music]

[Music]

hello and welcome we are going to start

with the prism and raps CID course for

class 11 students ISC uh this is the

first of the chapters as far as the

prism textbook is concerned and I do

hope all of you have this particular

textbook a collection of ISC short

stories this contains your syllabus

portion for both class 11 and Class 12

okay so you need to know the first five

chapters because many students are still

unaware of what the syllabus is so the

first five chapters in this particular

book from a living God to thank you

ma'am are in the class 11 syllabus in

class 12 is item number 11 to 15 okay

starting from atiti to the medicine bag

so I hope that much is

clear now what is this particular story

about let's look at a living God um

English trust s SWS okay so it's written

by this particular character called

lafaro Hearn okay now he was a writer

journalist of Greek Irish descent so

Europe but he wrote primarily on Japan

okay uh in fact he settled down in Japan

in 1890 and also changed changed his

name so he basically helped in the

western understanding of Japan so that

way whenever we read about Japan a lot

of it is through this gentleman through

his writings now this particular story

is pretty significant because it talks

about this gentleman okay um he's a real

gentleman and the story is also a real

story okay um it's about a tsunami which

affected a village of peasants of

farmers um and a rich farmer hamaguchi

go was the one who ended up saving all

those lives 400 lives as written in this

particular essay by setting his own rise

stacks on fire in order to alert the

people of the danger that was looming

large okay so in that sense because of

what he did he's worshiped as a God so

the story is what from what I've told

you so far what do you make of the story

the story is about sacrifice sacrificing

his own investment selflessness that is

you don't think about your own selfish

means you don't think he those guys die

I don't care but my thing should be safe

he didn't think like that he actually

thought about the lives of those 400

villagers right it's about presence of

mind to do things at the spur of the

moment without losing any time because

when it comes to saving lives every

moment is obviously very precious and

finally it's also about gratit itude I

find a lot of books missing out on these

points because the villagers this is all

about the first three points which I

mentioned to you okay sacrifice

selflessness and presence of mind is

about hamaguchi go but there is an

element called gratitude and that is on

behalf of the villages that they decide

to worship him as a god construct a

shrine for him and even while he's alive

he's there as a Dy at that particular

Shrine so gratitude on behal of The

Villages so please ensure that when

you're writing your answers you include

all these four aspects so it's about the

importance of community especially in a

time of Crisis and that's what tests you

you know when everything is peaceful

it's not about testing you know

everybody will be very happy but when

things start going wrong when there is a

crisis how individuals and the community

together behave at the time of Crisis

that's what defines their resilience

their fighting spirit their Spirit as a

community that I as an individual I'm

willing to do something for you as an

individual and that's what makes us a

common group a community okay so his

sacrifice of his rice crop is in that

sense an act of community Spirit then

there is of course the theme of

tradition in Japanese Society um you

need to talk about I'm just talking to

you about the theme so that you are

aware of what are the different aspects

that you need to keep in mind while I'm

explaining the story to you and even

later it's about he's the headman of the

village he's a respected figure right he

kind of ensured that there were no

disputes between person a and person B

then there is a theme of nature the

entire Sunami coming in engulfing and

trying to destruct the entire uh Village

on the coast the setting of the story

where is a setting of the story it's

about it's a it's about a it's it's a

story about a village of 90 that

dwellings with a population of about 400

and there is also a temple on top of it

with a priest okay so let's get started

with the story and I'll keep showing you

photographs in order to better explain

uh what I am really talking about okay

uh this is a scanned copy of your

textbook because I couldn't get it on

the net anywhere from time IM from

immemorial time I mean you also say from

time Memorial that's why my I started

reading it like that from immemorial

time that is from a long time ago the

shores of Japan have been swept at

irregular intervals of Centuries by

enormous tidal waves means that at very

irregular kind of intervals you know

there is no irregular interval that

every month at this month in the month

of May or in the month of October there

will be this kind of a huge title bave

that will hit the Japanese Coast no it

could come in May it could come in July

it could come in September at irregular

intervals from a very long time but the

Japanese Coast the shores have been hit

by enormous tidal waves that is along

the high tide when the kind of sea waves

behave in a rather erratic and let's say

in very aggressive kind of manner tidle

waves caused by earthquakes or by

submarine volcanic Action Now tsunami is

caused by what now those of you of

course um a majority of you would have

been born just around that 2004 2005 I

think most of you would not be around

when the tsunami hit

India on December 26 2004 okay I have

covered the tsunami so I have practical

firsthand information about how things

were destructed in majorly in the

coastal part of Tamil Nadu nagap patam

and calore in particular okay so uh you

have an earthquake so you have seesmic

activity below the Earth surface and

that causes the ocean to rise and that's

what happens and the that was the first

time the tsunami was hitting India

before that one was not even aware of

something like this but Japan as a

country has always been ravaged by

tsunami so it's not something which is

uh new to that country okay these awful

Rising so he's making it very clear that

these are pretty terrible kind of

natural phenomena okay they're awful

they're awful sudden risings of the sea

are called by the Japanese tsunami okay

that is they're named as the Japanese

tsunami the last one occurred on the

evening of June 17 1896 that is when

he's talking about this he's saying that

the last the uh

one the last tsunami occurred on the

evening of June 17

1896 okay uh when a wave nearly 200 mil

long struck the northeastern provinces

of Miyagi iate and Omari wrecking scores

of towns and villages is ruining whole

districts and destroying nearly 30,000

human lives so when this tsunami hit on

June 17 1896 there was this kind of

destruction of almost 30,000 lives were

lost pretty much similar to what

happened in Tamil Nadu in December

2004 the story of hamaguchi go is a

story of a like Calamity so the mistake

that many books workbooks are making and

I would strongly urge you if you are

with s SWS you frankly don't really need

to look at any other workbook we would

cover most of it in terms of questions

and in any case you don't get workbook

questions in your examination we will

prepare you according to exam oriented

questions okay but anyway you're not

going to listen to me so you do whatever

you want to do all I'm going to tell to

you is that many of the workbooks are

wrong question and answers and wrong

facts and wrong interpretation and

Analysis okay so what here is being said

is that and I've seen this both in class

n for treasure chest and also now in

prism and rap CID is the story of a like

Calamity so the story is the story that

is going to follow is not the story of

what happened in 1896 it's a story of a

light Calamity and when you Google and

find out you will find that this

particular person was a similar Calamity

had happened in 1854 and that's what

that's when this particular gentleman

rescued his many of his villages is the

story of a like like means a similar

Calamity which happened long before the

era of miji on another part of the

Japanese Coast those workbooks and those

teachers who are interpreting this story

as what happened in 1896 should just go

and Google this era of miji what is the

era of miji era of miji is the era when

Emperor miji was ruling over Japan it

lasted from October

1868 okay to July 1912 when he died okay

so that's what is called the era of miji

this happened in 1896 and here it's

saying long before the era of miji okay

story of a light Calamity which happened

long before the era of miji era of miji

I repeat started in 1868 so we are

talking about this tsunami which have

hit Japan Japan in 1854 okay on another

part of the Japanese Coast so we are not

talking about these three towns which

provinces which were affected in 1896

now he was an old man at the time of

occurrence which made him famous who are

we talking about hamaguchi GOI he was

the most influential this particular

paragraph is important because it

introduces us to hamaguchi go he and

from an McQ point of view this paragraph

is important he was the most influential

resident of the village to which he

belonged he had been for many years it's

marasa okay all these are Japanese names

so the pronunciation May differ a little

but it's more important for you to know

the spelling this means the headman like

the surp pun of the village and he was

not less liked than respected which

means that he was both liked he was also

respected okay the people usually called

him oisan which means grandfather okay

elderly person but being the richest

member of the community he was sometimes

officially referred to as the choa okay

that was another term so he was referred

to as the oisan the choa and he was also

the mirasa of the village please

remember these three terms and what they

mean okay from the McQ point of view

also from a reasoning point of view I

have given you lots of reasoning

questions in the PDF also mcqs there'll

also be long five Mark and 10 mark

question and answers written so in that

sense everything kind of gets covered so

you just need to depending on the nature

of the question you just need to cut

paste add delete to the answers that I

have written he used to advise the

smaller Farmers about their interest to

arbitrate arbitrate means mediate that

is if there's a dispute between X and Y

you sit and talk to both X and Y and

find a y media to resolve the dispute

that is called arbitration to advance

their uh their money at need and to

dispose of uh their rise for them on the

best terms possible so he would do

different kinds of activities you know to

mediate to advance them I mean being a

money lender of sorts to also ensure

that they got the best price for for the

rise so he was doing things which are

all in the interest of the villagers

okay hamaguchi big thatched Farmhouse

stood at the verge of a small Plateau

overlooking a bay okay um now a bay is a

part of a coast where the L land kind of

goes into to form a curve okay so a

plateau you know is like a you know a

small piece of land kind of overlooking

so overlooking if you need to know what

uh Bay looks like now this is these are

two photographs of the bay you see the

land the the land kind of curving in

right similarly you see here the land

kind of Curves in now this is called a

bay a part of the coast this is a coast

where the land kind of goes in in order

to form a curve okay so this is a bay

area now uh the plateau the plateau

mostly devoted to Rice culture so they

were rice Farmers was hemmed in on three

sides by thick ly wooded Summits right

so it was kind of surrounded and hem

means enclosed and Summit is the highest

point of a mountain or a hill from its

outer verse the land slop down in a huge

green concavity concavity is a curved

Hollow slope okay as if scooped out to

the edge of the water and the whole of

the slope so you are giving being given

an idea about the Topography of that

particular area right so it's like a

hill okay and then there is a sea there

is a sea and it is like Hill and I'll

tell you show you couple of more

photographs to get you a better idea and

so the whole of this slope some 3/4 of a

mile long so it was a pretty kind of a

steep kind of a hill was so ter as to

look when viewed from the Open Sea like

an enormous flight of green steps

divided in the center by a narrow now

you see the rise fing in Japan is

undertaken in the form of Terrace

farming you would have read that in

class 10 geography Okay so if you look

at these photographs now this is the Bay

now this is how the Terrace farming

would happen so this would almost look

like steps on each of the steps there

would be the Patty which would be grown

you see this so it's almost like very uh

nicely uh done steps in on which the uh

so you see the Hut the house will be

here and you would kind of all this

would be the pat fields in and this is

called Terrace farming which is very

prevalent in Japan so that's what he he

says so now if you see the photograph

now that you have seen the photograph

now you see this now you'll be able to

understand this better so he says when

viewed from the Open Sea like an

enormous flight of green steps you

understand okay so there is the sea then

there are his green steps on which the

Pat is grown and then there are the

houses right and his house is even more

on top where I mean and the temple is

also similarly on top okay white zigzag

a streak of Mountain Road Okay so and

this also like a mountain 90 thatched

dwellings so that was the number of

houses which were there in that

particular Village and a Shinto Temple

right a Japanese Temple composing the

Village proper stood along the curve of

the bay so there was this Bay right and

that's how the whole thing was so you

get an idea about the Topography of this

particular uh Village let me try to draw

so that it's even more clear though my

drawing is not very clear so this is

like the sea and then you have the hill

okay and it is like this kind of Terrace

kind of farming and there are this 90

odd Hearts okay which are at different

levels of the Terrace farming

farming

straggling up the

um straggling up the slope for some

distance on either side of the narrow

road leading to the Cha's home choa who

is choa it is hamaguchi go

now let's now come to the action now

that he has established the geography

the Topography of this particular

place one Autumn evening one Autumn

evening hamaguchi go was looking down

from the balcony of his house so from

spot at some preparations for a marry

making in the village below so there is

some kind of a party which is going to

take place in the village there had been

a very fine rice crops so they had done

well with the Harvest and The Peasants

were going to celebrate their Harvest by

a dance in the court of the ujigami now

this is again a Japanese term which

means the guard ujigami is the guardian

Spirit or God of a particular place in

the Shinto religion of Japan okay uh the

old man could see the Festival banners

which is means no boring again remember

this from for an McQ format okay

fluttering above the roofs of the

solitary Street means solitary Street

there's only one street the strings of

paper lanterns funed between feston

means they have been tied between bamboo

poles the decorations of the shrine and

the brightly colored Gathering of the

young people so there is a lot of

festivity in the air he had nobody with

him that evening but his little grandson

so there is only his grandson who was 10

years old the rest of the household

having gone early to the Village so the

other family members had all gone to the

Village to take part in the festivities

he could have accompanied them had he

not been feeling less strong than usual

he was feeling a little weak that

particular day the day had been

oppressive and in spite of a rising

Breeze there was still in the air that

sort of a heavy heat which according to

the experience of the Japanese peasant

at certain Seasons precedes an

earthquake this is

important he's feeling that there's some

kind of an uneasy kind of weather the

weather is feeling a little different

and he says the experience of the

Japanese peasant the farmer who is all

the time see always more than Urban

folks like you and me the farmer will

always be able to he doesn't need to

look at the weather app to know whether

it is going to rain or whether there's

going to be bright Sunshine the next day

by looking at the Earth by looking at

the sky and smelling the air around him

the farmer trust me and I've covered a

lot of Agriculture will always be able

to tell give you a more accurate idea

than any of the weather apps or any of

the officials at the IMD they're so good

at it because an experienced farmer will

always have a better understanding of

the Earth the sky and the atmosphere the

air right so the experience of the

Japanese peas what did he feel at

certain Seasons prist so he says there

was something in the air that's kind of

a heavy heat that kind of an unusual

kind of a heat gmy which usually

precedes an earthquake and Japan was

used to the seismic activity right the

earthquake and presently an earthquake

came and an earthquake did come

earthquake means the Earth Shook and on

on a mountain you would feel it even

more because when you are at a

height um it was not strong enough to

frighten anybody so it was not like very

high on the rich Rus s scale but

hamaguchi who had felt hundreds of

shocks in his time because he is an

elderly person thought it was queer now

he thought he had felt he was

experienced as far as earthquake was

concerned because he had experienced

many such earthquakes but he thought

this one was a little strange cure means

a little strange a little weird because

it was pretty long it was pretty slow

that is you keep kept feeling the

earthquake for quite some time and it

was some kind of a spongy motion right

it almost felt like you know as if

somebody some kind of suction activity

is taking place you know spongy convey

some kind of an interaction with water

the way I'm interpreting it right so you

feel as though there is some kind of

contraction some kind of a you know you

feel as though there's some kind of

a slow kind of a movement that's what he

describes it as probably it was but the

after Tremor please remember these three

adjectives long slow and

spongy but it was probably the after

Tremor of some immense sismic action

very far away maybe some earthquake had

taken place very far off from his

village and you were feeling it

slowly and you know in a very spongy

kind of motion out here in his village

okay the house crackled and rocked

gently several times because then they

all became still again so the house kind

of moved like it does in an earthquake I

don't know if you have experienced an

earthquake right I remember my first

experience of an earthquake was when I

was in class 4 I remember we were

sitting on the floor and having our food

this was around 7:38 in the night and we

were on what from the first floor uh in

Delhi and one could feel the floor

shaking okay that was the first exper

expence of an earthquake lasts very few

seconds hardly some 4 seconds 5 Seconds

Max that's pretty long but you feel it

right it feels very weird as the quaking

ceased ceased means stopped huchi's keen

old eyes were anxiously turn towards the

village okay now he started looking at

the Village ke has anything happened

there has anything altered there he it

often happens that the attention of a

person gazing fixedly at a particular

spot or object is suddenly diverted by

the sense of something not knowingly

seen at all so he's kind of you know

being very reflective at that point in

time right so he's saying that you know

I'm going on looking at a particular

place but my attention is kind of

diverted because I'm feeling there is

what do you call a six sense right there

used to be a camera person of mine I

mean still around obviously um he would

always say seven sense and I would say

six sense so he say seventh sense so you

know by you know you have a gut feel

feeling that something is going to go

wrong like many of us feel it like that

sometimes okay by the by a mere vague

feeling of the unfamiliar in that dim

Outer Circle of unconscious perception

which lies beyond the field of Clear

Vision so what you are seeing beyond

that you kind of feel which you may not

be seeing but you have a feeling that

something is going to happen it's almost

like you know you get that feeling by

smelling the air by just you're looking

at something but nothing is happening

there but around the atmosphere in your

head you're feeling as though some kind

of activity is going to take place or is

happening right now which is in the

circle of unconscious kind of perception

he rose to his feet and looked at the

sea because it was happening at the sea

in the sea it had darkened the sea color

texture had changed quite suddenly and

it was acting strangely I don't know if

you have any of you have seen this movie

called thear it's a Tamil movie kamasa

my favorite actor

um it ends it's a very fascinating and a

very action-packed movie and it ends

with the tsunami which hit um Tamil Nadu

in 2004 and if you can just fast forward

you would find it on any of the OT

platforms if you can just F fast forward

and see how um KS ravikumar the director

had actually picturized with of course

CG uh the tsunami affecting the Marina

Beach in Chennai okay have a look at it

it's quite a fascinating it's just give

an idea about the kind of Destruction

that can happen of course it's very

filmy also it seemed to be moving

Against the Wind it was turning away

from the land right

so the sea and this happens during the

tsunami what happens is that and a lot

of Destruction happen in Sri Lanka on

the resorts um at the resorts the sea

starts receding which is a very unusual

kind of phenomena the sea doesn't recede

like that of course at the beach it will

move back and it'll come again but the

sea recedes quite a lot and it reips and

reips and Reeds and then comes back with

an enormous kind of force that is the

tsunami okay so um it was running away

so he is kind of personified by saying

that the sea was running away from the

land okay within a very less time little

time the whole village had noticed the

phenomena The Village had noticed the

phenomena because it was unusual

apparently no one had felt the previous

motion on the ground they had not

experienced the earthquake which

hamaguchi had but all were evidently

astounded by the movement of the water

they were running to the beach and even

beyond the beach to watch it and that's

how the maximum casualties even in Tamil

Nadu happened because when the sea

started receding people were rather

surprised and perplexed at this rather

unusual kind of natural phenomena so

they all started going towards the beach

towards the sea the receding sea c p

let's try to kind of you know push it

back they thought that the sea was kind

of you know giving up up on land and

that's how the casualties happened

because when they when it came back with

an enormous flow without giving any time

for reaction to the people that's how

many of the casualties took place in

Tamil Nadu in 2004 the same thing can

happen out here so the people were

evidently astounded by the movement of

the water they were running to the beach

and even beyond the beach to watch it no

such e had been witnessed e means this

kind of movement had been witnessed on

that Coast within the memory of living

man things never seen before were making

Apparition Apparition is a reference to

a ghost or a supernatural kind of an

element okay unfamiliar spaces of ribed

stand and reaches of weed Hung okay

uh unfamiliar because they have not seen

those that kind of land because all

along they would only see the sea out

there but now all that had been kind of

G it's almost as if the sea is giving up

and it's exposing things which had been

never seen before like ripped sand and

these kind of weed hung Rock but left

bear even as hamaguchi gazed and none of

the people below appeared to guess what

the Monstrous e signified okay what this

kind of receding of the water signified

no one really could have an idea

hamaguchi himself had never seen such a

thing before not that hamaguchi himself

had that kind of experience but he

remembered things told to him in his

childhood by his grandfather father's

father that is his

oisan and he knew all the traditions of

the coast he understood what the sea was

going to do so because he had been told

about it by his grandfather he knew what

to expect unlike all those people who

had never experienced that kind of a

thing before in their life perhaps he

perhaps he thought of the time needed to

send a message to the Village or to get

the priest of the Buddhist temple on the

hill to sound their big Bell so if they

rang the bell it mean there is some kind

of danger right so he needs but how does

he send a message to the priest on the

Buddhist temple how does he do that time

is very less so but it would take very

much longer to tell what he might have

thought than it took him to think he

simply called to his grandson he decided

that he does not have the time to send a

message upstairs to the priest at the

Buddhist temple T quick very quick light

me a torch so he asked his grandson to

get him a torch Tatsu or pine torches

please remember this again from an McQ

point of view all the Japanese terms you

need to know their meaning in English

are kept in many Coast dwellings for use

on stormy nights that's what they are

used for right on stormy nights and also

for use at certain Shinto Festival so

this is the use of the taimatsu the

night the child kindled the torch at

once and the old man hurried with it to

the fields where hundreds of Rise tax

representing most of his invested

Capital this part is very important that

you know the the sacrifice that he is

doing of burning his rise tax because

all his money was invested in it stood

awaiting transportation and he just had

to transport them to the market yard

approaching these those nearest the

verge of the slope he began to apply the

torch to them hurrying from one to

another as quickly as his agent limbs

could carry him so he

started setting fire to them the

sundried stalks caught like Tinder the

strengthening seab Breeze blew the Blaze

landward and presently rank behind rank

the stacks rank behind rank means the

stacks were there it's almost like an

army column right um the stacks burned

into flames sending Skyward

U Columns of smoke that met and mingled

into one enormous cloudy world so there

was whole lot of smoke which was created

Tinder is the dry material to start a

fire T astonished and terrified ran

after his grandfather crying so uh T

kind of cried now this is how a tsunami

looks okay this is how a tsunami looks

you know where the sea kind of comes

back okay and what he is doing out here

now this I have taken from an website I

hope there is uh no issue with that in

order to kind of Enlighten you better

this is how he kind of sets fire to it

so he says that he says and T is

obviously terrified and astonished he's

scared and he's also very surprised

ojisan why ojisan why why but hamaguchi

did not answer he had no time to explain

he was thinking only of the 400 lives in

Peril in danger for a while the child

stared wildly at the Blazing rise and

burst into tears and ran back to the

house feeling sure that his grandfather

had gone mad that was his first reaction

first reaction of course was surprise

and fear and then he concluded that the

ojisan had gone mad to do something like

this hamaguchi went on firing stack

after stack that is setting fire to

every stack till he had reached the

limit of his field that he exhausted all

the stacks then he threw down his torch

and waited the aoly acolyte is the

priest the person who assists a priest

during a particular religious ceremony

of the Hill Temple he saw the fire okay

observing the fire set the big Bell

booming now he saw the fire he thought

there was an emergency here that his

rise tax had caught fire and help was

needed so he started hitting the bell

ring the whole idea was that when that

happens all those people who are at the

beach okay at the shore they would all

come in order to extinguish the fire

which has been said okay now you

understand what was huchi's plan

hamaguchi watched them hurrying in from

the Sands and over the beach and up from

the village like a swarming of ants like

you know when he's seeing from a

distance they all look like ants

climbing up and to his anxious eyes

scarcely faster for the moment seemed

terribly long to him and he thought they

were kind of running very slow they need

to run much faster in order to escape

the approaching

tsunami the sun was going down the

wrinkled bed of the bay and a vast

shallow speckled expanse Beyond it right

I mean this this is talking about the

color you know color and you know there

is an entire expanse of the land lay

naked to the last orange glow and still

the sea was fleeing towards the horizon

fleeing means again personifying fleeing

it is kind of moving backwards towards

the horizon because you know it's kind

of reversing reverse so that then it

will come with a huge force on fifth

gear really however hamaguchi did not

have very long to wait before the first

party of Saka sakur as in relief you

know to help ared a score of agile young

pants the younger people were able to

climb much faster who wanted to attack

the fire at once attack the fire means

to put out the fire with water but the

choa another title for him holding on

both arms sto them saying stop let it

burn Lads he commanded Let It Be I want

the whole mura here now mura is

referring to the Villages okay to the

entire village now you see this is what

happens he has set them on fire and this

is how all the people come out here okay

in order to extinguish the fire so he

says the whole village was coming and

hamaguchi counted all the young men and

boys were soon on the spot and not a few

of the more active women and girls then

came most of the older folks so that was

the order in which all of them came from

the shore up to the up the hill to

hamaguchi place uh and babies at their

backs and even children for children

could help to pass water you know if

they had to pass water children even

children could volunteer and help in the

entire um process of providing help and

the elders too feeble to keep up with

the first Rush could be seen well on

their way up the Steep Ascent right what

we have already known that it is a very

steep kind of Hill the growing multitude

that is the number of people still

knowing nothing looked alternately in

sorrowful Wonder at the Flaming fields

and at the impassive face of their choa

and the sun went down the sun had set

and now is when the tsunami will strike

grandfather is mad I'm afraid of him so

t in answer to a number of questions

he's mad he set fire to the rise on

purpose I saw him do it right he says

he's mad I saw him set it on fire so

hamaguchi said as for the rise the child

tells the truth yes what he's saying is

absolutely what happened I set fire to

the rise and then he says are all the

people here the kumicho and the heads

you know the it's a title again and the

heads of families looked about them

kumicho is a

group the group and the heads of

families looked about them you know

generally to see

okay is any everyone around and made

reply made reply is a very weird kind of

English all are here or very soon will

be we cannot understand this thing he

says Kita Kita says look at the North

shouted the old man at the top of his

voice pointing to the open look at the

northern side say now if I be mad and

then tell me whether I am mad through

the Twilight now they see why he had

done what what he had done through the

Twilight Eastward all lward okay

Twilight is when the dust time you know

when the sun has kind of set okay when

the sun has set and you know the dusk

time and saw at the edge of the Dusky

Horizon a long lean dim line like the

shadowing of a coast where no Coast ever

was so there was a very weird kind of a

shadow which had fallen on the coast

okay it's looming large the darkness

it's kind of um it's indicative that

something very bad is going to happen a

line that thickened as they gaze that

broadened as a coastline broadens to the

eyes of one U approaching it and yet

incomparably more quickly for that long

Darkness was the returning sky so that

Darkness was what was the returning sky

and this is how the tsunami would strike

so the sea was kind of coming back back

so the sea was coming back to this

particular Hill towards this particular

Hill with almost a Vengeance was the

returning sea the returning sea is an

important key phrase please use it

towering like a cliff this also and

coursing more swiftly than the kite

flies kite is not patanga okay U he's

not talking about that kite kite is the

reference to the bird you know like

which is like the eagle kind of a bird

okay uh which kind of ss very high in

the sky tsunami shriek the people now

they realize what was coming and then

all shrieks and all sounds and all power

to hear sounds were anhil means they

were destroyed by a nameless shock

heavier than any Thunder as the Colossal

swell smed the shore with the weight

because it kind of completely took over

that sent a shudder through the hills

and with the so the hill kind of shook

shudder through the hill means the hill

kind of Shook and with the foam burst

like a blaze of Street lightning so

there was lightning there was Thunder

and then this entire sea completely came

over the hill and the hill kind of shook

so you understand what had happened then

for an instant nothing was visible but a

storm of spray rushing up the slope like

a cloud so there was this whole lot of

water and you know the kind of you know

destruction that was visible and the

people scattered back in panic from the

mere Menace of it when they looked again

they saw the white horror of sea this is

an important key phrase raving over the

place of their home so when you're

talking of tsunami you should also use

this particular keyword uh place of

their homes it drew back roaring so the

sea goes back and then comes back once

again right and tearing out the bowels

of the land as it went bows means your

land here bows is the inner part so it's

kind of tearing out the thing it's

almost like it the sea has been

described as a monster and a horror so

it's kind of hitting back at the land

and it is kind of tearing out from the

land land under everything it is kind of

taking it out that's what is called the

bowels of the land twice Thrice five

times the sea struck and ebbed but each

time with lesser surges so every time it

was coming back and hitting and there

was a surge which was being made then it

returned to its ancient bed and stayed

still raging as after a typhoon so it

came 1 2 3 4 five times and then it kind

of stood and that was

it but it had created huge amount of

Destruction on the plateau for a time

there was no word spoken all stayed

speechlessly at the Desolation beneath

desolation means U you know the kind

of whatever was left and it was you know

the sense of emptiness uh the

ghastliness of the Hur Rock and naked

ribbon Cliff you know the Rocks were

kind of thrown they were not at the

place where they were before they had

been moved elsewhere okay the

ghastliness and it had G and

I mean smashed a particular house a thh

dwelling Etc so there was a it was a

very ghastly kind of a site a very you

know there was a lot of Destruction and

that's what is being described by the

gastl word uh the naked rivon Cliff like

the cliff was not now looking like a

naked kind of thing because everything

on top of the cliff had been destroyed

the bewilderment of scooped up deep sea

rack Rack means R you know and Builder

means Min means surprise and single sh

shot over the uh shingle is again

referring to whatever is there inside

the sea right shingle is like small

Pebbles or stones on the beach over the

empty site of dwelling and Temple The

Village was not the greater part of the

fields were not and even The Terraces

had ceased to exist so all those

Terraces which I showed you they were no

longer now in existence and of the homes

that had been about the bay there

remained nothing recognizable except two

straw roofs tossing m in the offing

everything else had been destroyed the

after Tremor of the death escaped and

the stupic of the general loss kept all

lips U dumb you know um stupified

essentially means you know when you're

completely stunned amazed you know you

you can't say anything because you're so

taken in by the surprised you're

completely stunned until the voice of

hamaguchi Was Heard again observing

gently that was why I set fire to the

rice he there choa now stood among them

almost as poor as the poorest for his

wealth was gone but he had saved 400

lives by the sacrifice so he had kind of

now this is important because while he

Capital he had lost all his invested

Capital but he had saved 400 lives in

the bargain Little T ran to him and

caught his hand and ask forgiveness for

having said naughty things not naughty

naughty is probably not the appropriate

word for saying inappropriate things

things whereupon the people woke up to

the knowledge of why they were alive now

they realized that they owed their lives

to this man if he had not saved them he

would have been they would all have been

on the beach on the shore and they would

have been killed by the tsunami

whereupon the people woke up to the

knowledge of why they were alive and

began to wonder at the simple unselfish

foresight Yan foresight means to be able

to see into the future what could happen

that had saved them and the headmen

prostrated themselves in the dust before

hamaguchi headman means the other uh

guys of the group and the people after

them then the old man wept a little

partly because he was happy and partly

because he was aged and weak and had

been sorely tried sorely tried means he

had really been tested because for him

to do this kind of

thing would have taken a lot from him

you know emotionally he would have been

completely drained out first completely

losing all his wealth in order to save

the lives and then to see the kind of

Destruction that had happened and then

to feel that okay we did not lose people at

least my house remains he said as soon

as he could find words so he says my

house remains you can still come and

stay in my house automatically caressing

T's BR Brown cheeks you know he's

playing with his grandson's cheeks and

there is room for many and many people

could stay in my house also there is a

temple on the hill where people can stay

and there is shelter there for others

also then he led the way to his house

and the people cried and shouted so this

is as far as the action which happens on

evening the period of distress was long

because in those days there were no

means of quick communication between

district and District so it took time

for Relief and help to come and the help

needed had to be sent from far away but

when better times came the people did

not forget their debt to hamaguchi what

is the debt the fact that he had given

them their life they had all taken a

rebirth in that sense they could not

make him Rich because what would they do

to because they were all poor people and

lost everything what would they do to

make him Rich so they could not do that

nor would he have suffered them to do so

nor would he allow them to do anything

of the sort even if even had it been

possible even if it was possible

moreover gifts could never have sufficed

as an expression of their reverential

feeling towards him you know gifts can

never you know if I'm feeling truly like

you know you are God even if I give you

a gift it doesn't make up for thing it

is the emotion that really

matters it is the emotion that really

matters you know of what you feel for

someone who really helps you that is

what truly counts that is what truly

counts not like you know may you know I

will give you a gift so you know it's

like you know the things have been

canceled no how you communicate your

feelings and how you express them and

what you truly feel for someone inside

your heart that's what really matters I

always say a true friend is someone who

will defend you even when you're not

there you know

I am friends with

someone that someone hears someone

saying bad things about me there are two

options for this particular friend

either he keeps quiet and

says or the person defends him saying

that no I know that person he will never

do such a thing I know him very well

whatever you're saying is a lie that is

what is a true friend okay that person

need not give me or anyone else a

particular thing that doesn't matter but

it is the that sentiment the emotion

that's what is truly valuable so they

declared him a God and thereafter called

him hamaguchi demn I mean this again I

don't know the pronunciation I must

admit thinking they could give him no

great honor but please remember the

spelling and truly no greater honor in

any country could be given to Mortal man

okay so they called him this and when

they rebuilt The Village okay they built

a temple to the spirit of hamaguchi he's

alive but they built a Temple to the

spirit of the person now the real person

the real selfless sacrificing kind of

person and fixed above the front of it a

tablet okay bearing his name in Chinese

text of gold and they worshiped him

there with prayer and with offering so

he became a living God that's how the

title comes

from how he felt about it I cannot say I

know only that he continued to live in

his old touched home up on the hill with

his children and his children's children

just as humanly as simply as before

while his soul was being woried in the

shrine below so the body was there but

he Shrine his soul was being worshiped

as a daty uh Down Below in the temple a

100 years and more he has been dead now

he has

been dead for over 100 years now right

uh but his Temple they tell me still

stands and the people still pray to the

ghost of the gold old farmer to help

them in time of fear or trouble so so

that's what you know when there is

trouble or fear they reach out to him to

pray to him uh that's what his legacy uh

really is now

okay I asked a Japanese philosopher and

friend to explain to me how the peasants

could rationally imagine the spirit of

hamaguchi in one place while his living

body while his living body uh was in

inquired also I en whether it was only

one of his Souls which they had

worshiped during his life and whether

they imagined that particular soul to

have dit so you know a western person is

not able to understand this Japanese

system keep person is alive how can you

worship him you know how are there two

hamaguchi goes you know so he's not able

to understand this you know so he says

that whether one of his Souls you know

uh he's alive so how does it kind of or

when he was alive or even when he was

dead so what has happened right right so

so uh which they worship during his life

and whether they imagine that particular

soul to have detached itself from the

rest to receive homage right so if you

are alive everything is inside me how

can a part of me go outside for people

to worship me when I'm alive that's a

kind of confusion that he wants Clarity

on the peasants my friend answered think

of the mind and the spirit of a person

as something which even during life can

be in many places at the same instant

right so I am here and My Mind and

Spirit can be in some other place also

to provide help to provide some kind of

relief it's possible is what the

Japanese belief is or at least the

farmers believe such an idea is of

course quite different from Western

ideas about the soul right it's very

different from the Western idea any more

rational I Mis CL basically saying that

you are not being very rational it's not

making sense to me he says so that

person said well and with the Buddhist

kind of smile so it's a Buddhist idea if

we accept the doctrine of the unity of

all mind that is if all mind is

Unified the idea of the Japanese peasant

would appear to contain at least some

adumbration of truth I could not say so

much for your Western Notions about the

soul adoration means a vague hint okay

it means a vague hint so he says if we

are to talk if you are to talk about you

know that all souls are united the minds

are united the idea of the Japanese

peasant that what they believe that the

souls can be at different place would

actually sound you know even if it is W

it sounds more credible than what the

Western Notions of the Soul are that is

after you die you go somewhere else and

before that it cannot happen so they

don't they don't kind of um distinguish

between the body and the Soul whereas

the Japanese are able to do so so that

is what the Japanese theory is it's a

little wag as he himself says it's an

admiration of the truth right it's an

admiration of the truth it's a little

weight but and it may kind of you know

people may wonder you know when he's how

can he be worshiped right uh but that's

how the Japanese peasants took it and

this was a reflection of the deep sense

of gratitude which are talked about

right at the beginning of this

explanation video with this we come to

the end as I said I'll be giving you

mcqs I'll be giving you logical uh

reasoning uh questions and answers um I

written 31 of them okay so that kind of

covers everything and then I'll also be

giving you both five marks as well as 10

marks question and answerers so that

every aspect is covered so you just need

to kind of alter and contr C control B

you can uh answer the question depending

on how the question is essentially asked

okay but I mean most of it obviously

will be all of it will obviously be

covered okay so I hope this chapter is

clear okay any doubts please ask in the

chat box otherwise I don't think you

should have any problems only this last

part but that's essentially wag okay

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