Glycolysis Pathway Made Simple !! Biochemistry Lecture on Glycolysis | MEDSimplified | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: Glycolysis Pathway Made Simple !! Biochemistry Lecture on Glycolysis
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in this video we will study about the
process of glycolysis the word
glycolysis is made up of two words the
word glyco means glucose and the word
Lis means
breakdown the glycolysis is a metabolic
pathway that involves systematic
breakdown of glucose to produce energy
and the glycolysis takes place in the
cytool of the
cells first we will have an overview
about this process and then we will
involved in glycolysis a one molecule of
glucose which is a six carbon compound
is broken down into two molecules of
pyate which is a three carbon compound
and in this conversion energy is
nadh the pyate formed is further
utilized in various energy producing
energy the process of glycolysis takes
place in two phases in the first phase
the glucose is first converted into two
molecules of glyceride 3 phosphate since
this conversion involves addition of
phosphate the first phase actually uses
energy instead of producing
it in the second phase the glycer high 3
phosphate is converted into pyate and it
is in the second phase energy is actually
produced now let's look at at the
various reactions involved in the
glycolysis so it all begins with a
molecule of glucose that enters the
cytool and the first reaction that takes
place is conversion of glucose to
glucose 6 phosphate the enzyme that
catalyzes this reaction is called
hexokinase the word hexo means six
denoting the six carbon compound glucose
and the kinases are a group of enzymes
that catalyze the phosphorilation
reactions so the enzyme hexokinase
transfers a molecule of phosphate from
ATP to glucose and converts glucose to
glucose 6 phosphate in this reaction ATP
is converted into a molecule of ADP
hence it utilizes one molecule of ATP
next the glucose 6 phosphate is
converted into its isomer the fructose 6
phosphate by the enzyme isomerase this
is a simple rearrangement
reaction in The Next Step the fructose 6
phosphate is converted to fructose 16
Bas phosphate that is addition of
another phosphate group at the first
carbon of the fructose
ring this reaction is catalyzed by the
enzyme phosphor fructokinase another
kyese enzyme which transfers a group of
phosphate from ATP to fructose 6
phosphate and again ATP is converted
into ADP hence another ATP is utilized
in the
reaction next the fructose six bis
phosphate is split into two molecules
the glycer 3 phosphate and dihydroxy
acetone phosphate these both are three
carbon compounds and the enzyme that
catalyzes this reaction is called
aldolase these all reactions compose the
first phase of the glycolysis and as you
can see energy is actually utilized in
this process in the form of two atps the
two compounds glyceride 3 phosphate and
dihydroxy acetone phosphate are actually
isomers and can be interconverted into
each other by the enzyme isomerase but
since the glyceride 3 phosphate is
further utilized in the process of
glycolysis the equilibrium of this
isomerization reaction is always towards
the glyceride 3
phosphate also keep in mind that every
molecule of glucose is split into two
molecules so every reaction of the
second phase happens twice and produces
twice sub
products in the next reaction the
glyceride 3 phosphate is converted to 13
bisphosphoglycerate this involves
addition of a phosphate group at the
first position of the phosphoglycerate
the en that catalyzes this reaction is
the glyceride 3 phosphate
dehydrogenase and in this reaction
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide which
is the co-enzyme is reduced to nadh
which is further utilized in the
electron transport chain to produce more
energy also this reaction utilizes a
molecule of inorganic
phosphate the 13 based phosphoglycerate
is converted to three phosphoglycerate
by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kyes this
kyese enzyme transfer the phosphate
group at the first position of
phosphoglycerate to adenosine
diphosphate and in this process a
generated next the three
phosphoglycerate is converted to two
phosphoglycerate this is a simple
rearrangement reaction that happens with
the help of the enzyme phosphoglycerate
mutase next the two phosphoglycerate is
converted to phosphoenol
pyate the enzyme involved is enolase and
magnesium ions are also utilized in this
reaction in the final step of the
glycolysis the phosphoenol pyate is
converted to pyate by the enzyme pyate
kyes the phosphate group at the
phosphoenol pyate is transferred to ADP
and converted to
ATP this all composes the second phase
of the glycolysis and as you can see
energy is produced in the second phase
of the glycolysis is now let's first
look at the net reaction of glycolysis
brief we have one molecule of six carbon
glucose that splits into two molecules
of three carbon compound
pyate there's a net utilization of only
two adps since four adps are used in the
second phase but two adps are also
produced used in the first phase there
is a net use of only 2
adps two molecules of inorganic
phosphate are utilized in this
step two nicotinamide Adine
dinucleotides are reduced to nadh
molecules in conversion of glyceride 3
phosphate to 13 Bas phosphoglycerate so
this was a brief overview of the process
of glycolysis I hope you find this video
helpful thank you so much for watching
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