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CompTIA A+ Full Course for Beginners - Module 3 - Installing System Devices

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howy folks welcome to module three of

the coma A+ course as you can see this

is still based on the 1,200 series of

the A+ course and today's module is

called installing system devices now

today's module folks consists of four

main sections so of that being said

everything in this module will be

divided between these four main sections

the four main sections guys is power

supplies and cooling that'll be the

first one so here we're going to be

talking about power supplies the

different kinds of Power connectors you

get where exactly they go on the

motherboard that kind of stuff with

regards to cooling we're of course going

to be talking about fan cooling liquid

cooling what it looks like that kinds of

stuff the second main section we'll be

talking about today guys is storage

devices so in this section we're going

to take a look at the different kinds of

storage devices you get so hard drives

Optical drives flash drives external

drives you know that kinds of stuff and

uh with regards to hard drives we're

going to take a look at the different

kinds of hard drives you get how they

work you know speed spec that kinds of

stuff the third main section we'll be

covering today guys is system memory

which for the most part will be about

Ram it's not just about Ram but that's

going to be one of the main things we'll

be talking about in this section then

guys the fourth and the last main

section will be covering in today's

module is

CPUs central processing units the

different kinds you get you know how

they go into the

motherboard that kinds of stuff well

there you have it folks that is the four

main sections we'll be covering in this

module now just looking at the titles

that doesn't tell us everything we need

to know about what's going to be in this

module so if you want a more accurate

list of what you can expect in today's

module that you can find in the video

description down below and for your

convenience I've added nice convenient

timestamps to help you jump ahead if

you're looking for something specific or

if you just want to revise on something

you never know right folks before we

jump into that first main section if you

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[Music]

all right let's start this first main

section power supplies and cooling all

right guys obviously one of the first

topics we'll talk about in this section

is well power supply units we call these

psus for short you guys better remember

that name because that's what they will

ask you in the exam in the exam

generally they do not necessarily call

these things by their full name instead

in the exam as well as in the real world

we normally refer to these as psus for

short in other words a power supply unit

now these power supply units folks they

have different input volts yes

especially when it comes to desktop

pieces now before I go too deep into

this there's a bit of a picture for you

guys of more or less what a power supply

unit would look like it's a bit of an

animated picture I'll show you guys a

couple of real ones in just a moment now

when it comes to the input volts guys

this can either be 100 to about 127

volts or it can be 220 to 240 volts now

how this works is depending on the

country you are in that will determine

the input volts nowadays however you

know most of these power supplies it

doesn't really matter you just go buy

yourself one you go and install it and

you don't worry about it but um up until

not too long ago up until very recently

you had to make sure that there's a

switch at the back that it's configured

on the correct voltage so depending on

the country you are in you'll find that

every country's got a different voltage

so if you stay for example United States

or some of the European countries your

volts will 10 to one be about 100 to 130

volts most of the European countries and

America works on 100 to about 130 volts

approximately um then you get other

countries especially in Africa and those

ones that run on 220 to 240 volts so you

need to go and check depending on the

country you are in at the back of the

power supply never mind the on and and

off switches you guys see in that little

picture there's sometimes an additional

switch which is not visible in this

picture and that additional switch is

very difficult to switch you actually

need like a small little screwdriver to

go and change that switch it is to

change the voltage so if you are a that

runs on 100 to 130 volts you need to

make sure that that's what your power

supply is set on and obviously the same

goes for the 220 to 240 volts so make

sure it's on the correct voltage now

fortunately for us depending on the

country you're in if you buy a power

supply in your respective country the

voltage setting will usually be correct

because they know people don't always go

and check these settings but it's always

a good idea to go and double check it

should it not be on the correct setting

you you can go and damage your power

supply and possibly everything inside

your machine so it's very important that

you put that setting on the cig volts

nowadays however you'll find that most

power supplies don't actually have that

setting anymore so what you'll find most

power supplies will look like is pretty

much what we see in that image there

you'll see an on and off switch which is

what we see there if you guys look at

that one single port there that is a

male Port sometimes you'll see an

additional Port there which is a female

port now guys that male Port is

obviously we you're going to go and plug

in your power cord we call that a kettle

cord and the other end of that cable is

going to plug into the wall socket now

if you've got a very old Power suppli

some of them actually have two ports the

other Port will be a female port and

that allows you to go and plug in an

additional Kettle cord and the whole

purpose behind that was generally for

you to go plug the other end of that

into your computer monitor your screen

now we don't really suggest that because

you're actually putting additional

strain on your power supply if you have

one of those so normally it's better to

going to plug your screen directly into

the power so rather go get yourself a

multiplug split the power outlet and go

and do it that way instead of plugging

it into your power supply good news is

most power supplies do not come out with

two ports anymore which I think is a

good thing now before I proceed to give

you guys a couple of extra examples of

power supplies just a note they do ask

you about this in the exam they don't

just ask you about this in the exam it's

part of multiple pbqs in the ex exam if

you don't know what BBQ is that is short

for performance-based question which in

a nutshell is a simulation there are

multiple simulations in the A+ exam and

you can expect to be asked about this in

those simulations and yes this applies

to both the 1,100 series as well as the

1,200 Series so in the 1,200 series

there's going to be pbqs and part of

those BBQs it's not the full BBQ but

part of that BBQ is for you to

understand power supplies and to know

which one to use in what specific

scenario so make sure you know what

power supplies are guys anyway let's

give you guys a couple of other examples

before we proceed to next topic there is

another example for power supply you can

see this one is not animated it's more

of a realistic looking one unfortunately

this one does not have an on andof

switch at the back normally does have an

on andof switch at the back so the most

common ones you'll find has one port

like this one and an on andof switch

that's the most common kind of power

supply you'll potentially get

the connectors that's hooked up to it

you can see there's a whole bunch of

connectors on the left that'll vary

obviously the newer it is the newer the

connectors will be a lot of those

connectors are very old connectors I see

a whole bunch of molexes on there if you

guys know what that is if you don't

don't stress we are going to cover that

but this one I can see it's got a lot of

molecules which is a very old kind of

connector now here is another power

supply for you guys once again this one

does not have an on andof switch it does

not have a voltage switch but this one's

got both that female and male Port so

the female one being the top one is

where you'll plug in your secondary

Kettle cord and that would go to your

computer monitor if you decided to go

and do it that way but I would not

recommend you do it that way rather plug

in the monitor directly into a power

wall socket the bottom Port being the

male that's the one that's normally

going to be there and then

here is another power suppli so they

could actually be any color the rainbow

generally if it's a gaming power supply

they're more likely to be black if it's

a normal office power supply you know

for an office PC they're probably going

to be that gray steel kind of cover that

we saw previously if you look at this

power supply you can see it's got one

port it's got an on and off button there

which is green however this one's got a

voltage switch now you can't see clear

in this image it's normally very small

but that teeny little switch there guys

is a voltage switch normally it's quite

hard to switch between those settings

you know between the two voltage

settings using your fingers you're

probably going to have to use a very

small flat screwdriver to go and flip

that switch so always double check it

anyway folks let's move you guys on to

the various connectors one would find on

a power supply so that brings us to

power connectors the very first

connector I'm going to start you guys

with is the oldest one and the main one

that would be your P1 connector your P1

connector folks is also actually more

commonly referred to as your 20 pin or

your 24 pin connector now we say 20 pin

but the fact of the matter is you're not

going to see a 20 pin that's basically

extinct at this point in time so I

suppose you can call that Legacy if you

don't remember or if you don't know what

the word legacy means in it it means

something is very old you're not going

to find it anymore this could be

Hardware or software now about 20 25

years ago the main power connector you

would find on the motherboard that's

what it looks like by the way there's a

picture on the right the main power

connector that connects onto the

motherboard will have 20 pins nowadays

for I think almost two decades now they

always have 24 pin now just in case

which is very unlikely but just in case

you've got a very old computer and the

power supply happens to kick the bucket

are you still going to be able to find

an old power supply for that no they

don't make those anymore so what does

one do in one of those situations well

you're going to go and buy yourself a 24

pin and if you look at this little

animated image there guys you'll see

there's two little clip thingies there

the one on the left there guys that is

because those four pins there are

detachable we're looking at it from the

side there but it's actually four pins

it it might look like two to you guys

but it's actually four pins that four

extra pins is detachable which means

there's only going to be 20 left so if

you're very old motherboard for a very

old computer and the power supply

happens to get the bucket I personally

just throw the PC away but you know you

get some people out that doesn't want to

do that for some apparent reason well if

that's the case you can go get a new

modern power supply and you'll still be

able to go and connect that modern

connector to that motherboard by simply

removing the four additional pins guys

now if I'm being perfectly honest the

chances of you're having to do that is

extremely extremely unlikely you're

almost never going to do that if I'm

being perfectly honest I think going

forward they're probably going to start

removing that functionality they're

going to remove that ability for us to

remove those four extra pins because

let's face it I mean if these guys

haven't caught on by now then they're

never going to catch on so this

connector guys is the main power

connector that connects to your

motherboard it doesn't matter if you've

got an expensive PC or a cheap PC it is

the main power connector if you have

already installed your motherboard in

your computer case this would go

generally on the right hand side of the

motherboard now I've got a PC it's a bit

of a gaming PC um I'm not sure if I

showed you guys this is module too I'm

striking a bit of a blank now but I'm

trying to remember so I've got a bit of

a gaming PC that my kids built the one

kids 8 years old the other one's 11

years old together they built this

gaming PC so the cabling is not the

neatest but I also don't want to go and

fill of it because obviously I don't

want to you know break their courage and

all of that me they did put a lot of

effort into this anyway guys I'm going

to quickly switch over to that PC I just

want to visually show you guys more or

less where you would find this cable so

let me quickly show you guys where on

the motherboard you would put this 24

pin a few moments later all right folks

um here's that PCF mod fine let me turn

on the light here and zoom in a bit

there is the cable so that is the 24 pin

connector folks hopefully this makes a

little bit more sense for you guys right

now you guys saw where on the

motherboard this connector would go

hopefully that gives you guys a better

idea right all right and then the next

connector I want to show you guys or

explain first of all is the P4 connector

now besides that previous connector

there's a picture by the way of what

this would look look like and there's

another picture of what it would look

like we call it the P4 because well it's

got four pins now besides that other

main motherboard connector we normally

have to give the CPU additional power so

that main connector is for the

motherboard and its various components

but the CPU folks needs additional power

now if you've got a relatively old

machine this is the connector you would

go and use it's one connector it

normally connects near your CPU it's

generally just below the bottom left of

you CPU but it can actually be anywhere

around your CPU I've seen some of them

be on the top left some of them on the

bottom right or the top right but the

most common location you'll find this

place on the motherboard will be just

below the bottom left of the CPU it's

going to be somewhere near the CPU and

there's only one cable is going to plug

in there so I mean it's impossible to

get this wrong so if you've got a

relatively old machine this is the power

connector you're going to go and connect

next your CPU to give it additional

power if you've got a relatively newer

machine especially a gaming machine

machine instead of having a four pin

connector it's going to be something

like an eight pin connector for example

and um the high spec motherboards like

the gaming motherboards they've got two

eight pin connectors which are going to

be the top left of the motherboard

normally now that PC motherboards that I

showed you guys earlier that one has two

eight pin connectors which I'll show a

little bit later but for this specific

connector being the four pin connector

I'm not going to be able to show you

guys that gaming PC I just showed you

because it doesn't take an 8 pin

connector this is for older PCS so for

this one I'm going to switch over to an

older PC just to show you guys where you

would find this on an older PC so let's

switch over quickly a few moments later

all right here is that P4 connector

Clips in here at the bottom left of the

CPU normally that's the most common

place Clicks in like so and

voila all right so now you guys

hopefully have a better idea of where

you would find that on an old

motherboard the next topic here is an 8

Pin CPU connector there's two kinds of

cables you get that are eight pin

visually they look the same but they're

not the same the first one is an 8 Pin

CPU connector you'll find it normally on

the cable it'll say CPU or it'll say ATX

or EPS more commonly you'll find it

saying CPU or EPS so that cable is to be

used for your CPU if you plug it into

your power supply the other end of that

cable needs to plug into the C CPU slot

on the motherboard now some gaming

motherboards because you're probably

going to find this more likely on a

gaming motherboard some gaming

motherboards will have only one socket

for this some of them especially the

higher spec ones will have two sockets

for this now that gaming piece I showed

you guys earlier needs two of these

eight pin connectors normally you would

find this at the top left of almost all

of these motherboards so that being said

let me show you guys quickly where these

two eight pin connectors we going to

plug in so instead of having a four pin

connector you're going to have two or

one eight pin connector so let me

quickly switch over and show you guys

one eternity

later all right let us turn a little bit

of a light on here top left hand side on

the motherboard guys there is my two8

pin power connectors that gives

additional power to the

CPU right and then next up we've got the

8 Pin

PCI connector visually this connector

looks the same but if you look very

closely you'll see the coloring of the

cables is not always the same assuming

you've got one of those old school eight

pin connectors where they're black and

yellow and blue and whatnot you know

then you might be able to distinguish

the difference otherwise you're just

going to have to look at the labeling

now this cable visually looks the same

but its purpose is to plug into your

graphics card if you've got something

like a gaming graphics card some of

these gaming graphics cards needs

additional oomph additional power

sometimes it's just one extra connector

it's a like a six pin connector

sometimes it's two six pin connectors

sometimes it's one eight pin connector

sometimes it's two eight pin connectors

now that gaming PC I showed you guys

earlier it has a graphics card that

graphics card takes an eight pin

connector two of them in fact so it

needs a lot of juice this graphics card

it's a very highs spec graphics card so

in case you're wondering where this

plugs in and what it looks like let's

switch back to that g PC let me show you

guys where these 8pin connectors would

normally go a few moments later right

folks here's that graphics card and

there is the two pcie 8 Pin connectors

that plugs in to this graphics card

sometimes it's one sometimes it's

too all right so now you guys hopefully

have a better idea now as I said

visually these two eight pin connectors

for CPU and pcie they look very much the

same so what exactly is the difference

guys first of all you cannot go and plug

them into each other slots they're not

interchangeable you need to make sure

that CPU goes into CPU and pcie goes

into PCI now the good news here is you

generally can go and plug them into one

another's ports it's not going to be

possible because they've got different

ports that's blanked out so on the CPU

power one A different one's going to be

blanked out and on the PCI power one A

different one's going to be blanked out

now here is a bit of a diagram just to

give you guys a better indication of

what this would more or less look like

so I've seen CPU power if it uses the

old school colors you'll find it's going

to be four yellow and four black if you

look at a pcie one it's going to be four

black three yellow and then one black

again that's generally what it would

look like it's not set in stone so some

of these gaming power supplies the

cables are all the same color they've

got these weird sleeves over them that

make them look very cool and all that so

you're not really going to be able to

see this color-wise instead you're going

to rely on the labeling on the actual

connectors the good news is on the

connector that needs to plug into the

motherboard or the power supply it's

very clearly labeled it says CPU or EPs

and on the connector that needs to go

into your graphics card it very clearly

says pcie normally or something along

those lines now these cables generally

also have to be plugged into the power

supply unlike the cheap power supplies

where the cables already embedded into

the power supply the fancier power

supplies for gaming computer cases and

stuff we call those modular power

supplies such we're going to get to

momentarily it's going to be a topic in

today's module these module power

supplies they don't have the cables

plugged into them by default you need to

go unplug them into the power supply

once again the good news is it's all

labeled on that modular power supply

where the cables needs to go into you'll

see there's obviously just certain holes

that the cable can fit into but besides

that it's labeled on the cable it's

labeled and on the power supply it's

labeled so that's the good news guys you

don't have to worry about it it's going

to be labeled for you and then guys you

get that six pin connector I spoke of

earlier so when I showed you that

graphic SC I had two eight pin

connectors but sometimes it's one or two

six pin connectors there's a bit of a

picture for you guys you can see the one

on the left is just six pin the one on

the right is six pin with the option to

have eight pin that's pretty cool right

now these are less and less common

nowadays you still get them but they're

becoming less and less common and this

is actually a very good example of the

being labeled you can see very clearly

on that cable it says PCI E the same

will happen with the eight one so if

it's an 8pin pcie one it'll say pcie or

something along those lines on it now

since I've shown you pretty much most of

the power supply connectors you get it

now well most of the important ones

anyway here's another diagram guys so

just to show you guys the difference

between these so if you look at the top

right one there that's the first one I

showed you guys it says EPS also known

as C

so you can see four of them are going to

be yellow four of them are going to be

black now you can see some of them are

going to be blanked out the different

shapes so that shapes it's not just them

sucking out of their thumbs guys it's to

show you that this stuff is not

completely interchangeable of one

another generally you cannot put CPU

into a pcie and you cannot put a pcie

into CPU because they're not the same

shapes so that's the shape of the holes

of the connector so if you were to hold

this connector up in the air let's say

you've got EPs and a PCI connector right

next to one another and if you look at

the actual holes for the connectors

you'll see they're not really the same

shape so it's not really interchangeable

with one another on the left hand side

you can see there is three of them

that's 12 volts that's the yellow ones

black is normally ground blue is

normally signal so that's pretty much

how it's going to work the one away at

the bottom right there that's the four

Pon connector that would go and connect

to your motherboard that's for the old

PC and the one at the bottom left that's

that six pin pcie one I showed you guys last

last

now folks we're not quite done in terms

of connectors yet there's other

connectors you get too other connectors

you get is a Molex connector there's a

bit of an image for you guys these are

becoming more and more rare by the day

you still get them so if you've got a

relatively old machine you probably tend

to one find these so sometimes you'll

find people connecting fans to these not

something I would recommend because that

fan would then always run at maximum

speed you're going to be putting a lot

of strain on that fan and sometimes they

don't need to run at maximum speed it's

better to go and connect your fans to

the motherboard because then they can be

controlled by a fan controller so if

they don't need to run fast they won't

run fast but that's going to be a

different connector in the old days we

used to use these connectors to go and

plug into our very old hard drives or

our very old Optical drives which is

where you would go put in your DVDs or

CDs so most commonly this was used for

your hard drives or Optical drives

nowadays you'll find hard drives and

Optical drives if you have those don't

use that cable they use what we call a

sat power connector which is our next

topic here now sat power connector guys

specifically the part at the bottom you

can ignore the top part there because

this is actually more of an extender

cable for a SATA so I was struggling to

find a good example for you guys so

normally the other part of this Sata

cable will be plugged into your power

supply already the bottom part you guys

see there that is what a s connector

looks like that's what you would go and

plug into your s hard drive or that is

what you would go and plug into your sa

optical drive nowadays these are also

slightly becoming rare because nowadays

we don't have Optical drives anymore

good luck finding those you don't find

pieces of that anymore and when it comes

to sorta hard drives even those are

becoming quite rare to find you know

quite hard to find even the solidate

ones nowadays of high spec machines it's

more common to find a hard drive

embedded on the motherboard well not

embedded embedded per se but you

actually going plug it physically into

the motherboard you'll see what I mean a

little bit later now connector Wise Guys

I think we've covered enough for now

let me show you guys what a modular

power supply looks like so earlier you

guys saw normal power supplies those

were the cheaper kinds you get it's got

the cables already embedded into the

power supply now the more expensive

power supplies which are generally used

in gaming pieces we call those modular

power supplies this is what one looks

like so you can see there's no cables

coming out of it yet instead it's got a

bunch of potential holes and it comes

all kinds of cables and the idea here is

for you to go and plug in only what you

need so if you don't need certain cables

then you simply just don't plug them in

which means you've got less cables

dangling around in your PC so it's a lot

less clutter so from a cable management

perspective this is amazing so if you

want your PC to look neat and clean and

awesome this is the power supply you

want because you're only going to plug

in what you need so here's a better

picture of you guys of what it would

more or less look like so these power

supplies guys have got removable cables

well they normally actually removed by

default and it gives you easy Cable

Management so easy that a child can go

and do it here's a better picture for

you guys so here you can clearly see

what the ports look like very clearly

labed and um on the cables themselves

also very clearly labeled normally right

folks next up let's talk about cooling

I'm going to start you guys off with the

old school f fan cooling first and then

we'll switch over to liquid cooling now

in terms of fan cooling you'll find that

most often this is going to be combined

with a heat sink so if you don't know

what a heat sink looks like a heat sink

folks is normally a piece of aluminium

it's an aluminium block which is

basically a bunch of fins and the whole

idea behind this aluminium block is for

you to go and install this on top of

your CPU now aluminium I'm not sure if

you guys have a of this aluminum absorbs

heat very well but also stays cool very

well now to help aid with cooling it

down even further they normally go and

put a fan on top of the aluminium to

blow air between these fins so it works

very much in the exact same concept as

your car's radiator so if you go look at

a car's radiator normally there's a fan

in the front so if your car is idling

the fan will blow air from the inside to

the outside still through the radiator

but if the car is dy driving cool air

will flow from the front of the car

through your radiator through those fins

cooling the water down inside and today

it is air flowing between those fins now

this aluminium block is very much the

same concept folks the purpose of the

fan is to blow air cool air for the most

part between the aluminium fins to cool

it down even further and this aluminium

block is obviously going to make contact

with your CPU it is going to absorb the

heat from your CPU

now to put this into better perspective

this is kind of sort of what you can

expect it to look like so you can see

there at the bottom that is the slot on

the motherboard where you would go and

put in the CPU here in the middle there

is the CPU so that is your central

processing unit which is effectively the

main brain of your computer and then

above that you can see we've got a heat

sink it's more common to see the heat

sink of the fan on top of it like the

previous image I showed you guys but in

this example the fan is blowing from the

side either way potato potato it does

the same thing it's still an aluminium

block which is going to absorb the heat

from the CPU and it's still going to

have a fan that's going to blow air

through those fins of that aluminium

block now what they don't show you in

this image is normally this heat paste

involved as well which is also called

thermal compound guys what I don't show

you in this image which is normally also

involved here is thermal paste it's also

known as thermal compound it's also

known as heat paste it's got many names

it's called heat paste thermal paste

thermal compound potato potato it is the

same thing now what is it and where do

we use it well guys after you've

inserted that CPU into the slot on the

motherboard yes you can go and put the

heat sink on top of that but on its own

that's not going to work very well

you're going to find it's going to

overheat in a mere minute so much so the

PC is actually going to shut down on you

in a matter of M minutes because it's

not going to transfer the heat

effectively to that heat sink so to help

aid in transferring this heat from the

CPU into that heat sink we use what we

call Thal paste or thermal compound so

it's generally gray in color that's

usually what it's going to look like but

it can potentially also be other colors

usually it comes in a syringe sometimes

it comes in a tube it looks like a

toothpaste tube but I haven't seen that

in like 15 or 20 years these days the

only kind of heat base you're going to

find is it's probably going to be in

some sort of syringe sometimes it's like

a standard syringe size other times it's

small for the most part it's going to be

great so what you're going to have to do

first is you're going to go and insert

that CPU first into its slot once you've

done that you're going to put a little

bit of heat paste on top of that CPU

it's basically the size of your pinky

now that's normally more than sufficient

once you've done that you're going to go

put the heat sink on top of the CPU and

there you go guys it's just a matter of

connecting that heat sink to the

motherboard you know via whatever

fitting it normally has now before all

of this can be done guys before you put

that CPU into its slot it's not as

simple as hey let me go and drop the CPU

into my slot uh no it's not that simple

you first need to go and decide on what

CPU you want so if you want to go get

yourself an Intel what Intel CPU do you

want do you want an i7 do you want an I9

what do you want if you want to go get

yourself an AMD what AMD do you want do

you want AMD ryzen 7 and ryzen 9 what

specific me model do you want so once

you've decided on the exact CPU you want

then you need to go and look for a

motherboard that supports that CPU more

on that later once you find a

motherboard that supports that CPU

you're going to open the slot for that

CPU we'll show you guys that in a bit

you're going to open the slot you're

going to hover the CPU above the slot

you're not just going to go and insert

it you're going to hover it above the

slot you need to make sure that the

little holes on the side of the CPU

aligns the little pieces of plastic

sticking out inside that CPU slot so you

look at that little image there guys you

can see there on the left at the top and

at the top right there's two little

holes and then unfortunately that little

socket you have to put it in there we

can't see it clearly but normally

there's going to be little pieces of

plastic sticking out and you need to

make sure that they align so you can

turn this clockwise or anticlockwise

it's your choice until you see that

align another thing that will help aid

you to know which way the CPU needs to

go in is you'll find that most CPUs on

the one cor that will have a Golden

Arrow the purpose of this arrow is it

points towards a missing pin on the

motherboard so if this pins on the

motherboard you'll find in one of the

corners there's a missing pin you can

actually visually see it very quickly

and easily so the idea here is for you

to rotate the CPU until that copper or

Golden Arrow faces towards the corner

inside that slot that's got a missing

pin so there's lots of things you can

actually go and use here to Aid you with

finding out how to go put the CPU in I'm

going to give you guys a bit of a

practical demonstration here of how to

go and put a CPU into a socket I'm going

to use a very old PC here so that same

old PC I showed you guys earlier for

that P4 connector I'm going to use that

one so I'm going to show you guys how to

insert the CPU you're going to see me

hovering the CPU above the slot I'm

going to first open the slot I'm going

to hover it above the slot once I've

hovered it above the slot and I'm happy

about how The Notches align and all that

then I'm going to put it into the slot

you're going to going to see me put heat

paste on the CPU and then I'm going to

go hook up the heat sink on top of that

CPU so let me show you guys what this

looks like a few moments later all right

folks here's that old motherboard

there's the little lever the little

latch that's going to open the CPU slot

for us let me loosen that I'm going to

quickly open the CPU slot let me just

try and get this freaking thing open

here for you guys and there we go that's

the CPU

slot now there is a CPU for you guys

it's a relatively old one you'll see

it's got little notches there top left

and top right there's little holes

little notches there you can see there's

one and it's also Golden Arrow so now

with regards to the Golden Arrow we just

need to check where's the missing pin

inside the CPU hole now on a camera it's

quite difficult to actually spot that

missing CPU pin um but in real life it's

actually a lot easier so all we need to

do is just kind of hover the CPU Over

the Hole kind of like so and we just

check where those little notches align a

little pie pie of plastic sticking out

it's very difficult to see those pieces

of plastic sticking out on camera but

there you can see the little holes in

the CPU very very clearly inside you can

see there on the bottom left and the

bottom right there's the little pieces

of plastic sticking out so we're just

going to have to hover it just like so

and very gently drop it into place we

call it zero Insurgent Force something

you'll hear about a little bit later and

there we go now we just close this

up and I click that better to place and

as simple as that folks now there we

need to go and put a little bit of heat

paste basically the size of my pinky

nail there so it's up to you you can go

put a little bit more a little bit less

but generally it'll be the size of your

pinky nail so I'm just going to get it

out there we go it's a bit of a syringe

in here I've got some heat base for you

guys this one's a bit old but the end of

the day this is an old motherboard so

who cares it's just to show you guys the

concept so I'm going to put more or less

the size of my pinky nail maybe a little

bit more let me just try and get this out

out

here there we go let's just get this

everywhere on the

CPU there we

go I'm going to rub it into place now I

mean generally it'll be a good idea just

to kind of rub it a little bit all over

the CPU so this is to help aid the CPU

to transfer its heat to that heat sink

so let me just kind of spread a little

bit evenly there we go doesn't have to

be too even because as soon as you put

your heat sink on or your liquid cooler

that pressure from it is actually going

to automatically kind of spread it out

so there we go I'm just kind of helping

it along getting it all over the CPU

there is my heat sink can see it's made

out of aluminium and see it's got a flat

bottom there and if it this was a liquid

cooler it would be the same concept so

liquid cooler or the aluminium heat sink

either way potato potato this is going

to go on top of your CPU here so that

heat base is now going to help transfer

the heat from that CPU

to my heat sink now I just need to clip

this thing into place every heat sink

Works a little bit differently this

one's got these four little plastic

little finger moops that has to click

into place let me just kind of reset

them here quickly now I just need to

kind of press on all four of them like

so there's one

two get that in there's the third

one there the fourth

one and now we just need to hook up this

CPU power somewhere at the top right

normally there we go it's normally going

to be towards the top right somewhere

near the CPU you just hook it up it's

normally very clearly labeled by the way

and there we go that's it folks as

simple as that all right folks so

there's that old PC hopefully you guys

have got a B idea it was obviously on an

old PC now but the concept Remains the

Same potato potata whether it's be a new

PC or an old PC when it comes to heat

sinks the concept is the same when it

comes to installing a CPU the concept is

the same you can align it like I did you

can install the heat sink on it like I

did you know whether this be an old PC

or new pc same concept now other things

you guys need to keep in mind is you

know obviously the whole reason why we

put this heat sink and the fan on top of

the heat sink is to keep the CPU cool

now on its own that also might not be

enough sometimes you need to make sure

there's proper ventilation in your case

so let's talk about the device and

Chassis fans you'll find that in gaming

cases there's often lots of fans if you

look at that gaming case I showed you

guys earlier you probably noticed

there's a lot of big fans in there why

is that it is because of air flow guys

that machine gets very hot because of

the high performing CPU and all of that

so we need to make sure there's

sufficient air flow in that gaming case

it sucks in a lot of cold air and of

course it's got a lot of fans blowing

out the hot air so we need to make sure

sufficient air flow takes place you'll

find a lot of these cases especially the

gaming cases have got sensors so as soon

as it sensors the CPU is getting hotter

the fans will start rotating faster

especially the one on top of your CPU if

you've got a heat sink of a fan on top

of it that will start rotating faster

and if You' got a liquid cooling system

the liquid cooling system have got fans

on the radiator if you know what that is

and those will start rotating faster as

well it all depends on the cpu's heat

the hotter the CPU gets the faster the

fans will rotate to compensate and to

try and get some cool air in now

unfortunately these fans guys they tend

to get Dusty very very dusty especially

the fans that suck air in the ones that

blow air out yeah they also get dusty

but not as quickly it's usually the ones

that suck cool air in it gets dusty now

the fancier case is you'll find that

they've got these magnetic filters in

the front so you can actually just go

and you know take the the filter off you

just pull it off you can go and clean it

somewhere else and you just put it back

on and there you go your Aces but some

of the older cases it's not that simple

you're going to have to go and use some

sort of way or means to go clean these

vents in front of the fans so just make

sure you don't get any water in your

system maybe you can go and use

compressed air I've seen lots of times

people just go and use compressed air

but please do not go and blow on of your

mouth because your mouth has got spit in

it or moisture in it and you do not want

that on your motherboard or any of your

components guys because you can blow

stuff like that anyway so let's move on

over to

liquid cooling systems you can probably

guess because of the name that we're

going to have liquid involved here guys

so liquid cooling systems there's a

picture of you guys although this is an

old picture of an old liquid cooling

system they don't really look like that

that much anymore these days so I'm

going to show you guys lots of pictures

some old ones and some new ones so you

guys can get a better idea of what this

looks like these days so there on the

left guys that is called your water

block that is where the CPU is so

instead of having a heat sink there with

a fan on top of the heat sink we've got

a water block there on the right there

is your

radiator there is your reservoir for the

liquid now what's going to happen here

is think of that CPU as your car's

engine I'm sure you know by now your car

gets quite hot now to help the car from

not overheating it's got a water pump

that pumps water or antifreeze or a

mixture thereof through the engine that

liquid absorbs the heat from your engine

it then gets pumped to the front of your

car to your radiator where cool air

blows through theator cooling that

liquid down and then it gets pumped back

into the engine where it just you know

absorbs the heat again so the cycle

repeats itself this whole concept we see

in front of us guys works almost

identical to what you would see of a

car's engine think of the CPU as your

caruse engine the CPU generates heat the

liquid that gets pumped to the CPU

absorbs that heat it then gets pumped

there to that radiator that you guys see

there the radiator's fans blows cool air

through the fins of the radiator which

cools down the liquid inside the

radiator and when the pump in this

computer case pumps that cooled liquid

back to the CPU I almost said engine it

pumps it back to the CPU and the cycle

repeats itself now in some of these old

liquid cooling systems you'd find some

Gamers would go and put in some sort of

dye into this cooling system to make it

look cool especially if you've got light

inside your computer case but this is a

very old example of a liquid cooling

system so liquid cooling systems guys

consist of a loop or some sort of tubing

there's normally a pump involved and a

reservoir now the newer more modern

cooling systems that's liquid they don't

really have a reservoire per say it's a

closed loop cooling system not what we

see here this is not necess a closed

loop this one actually allows us to go

add additional liquid to it but the new

modern ones you buy these days almost

all of them are closed loop now that

means when you buy that liquid cooling

system you do not need to actually go

and add any liquid guys believe it or

not you don't this one is actually quite

complicated we see in front of us the

new ones are not that complicated you go

hook it up to your CPU you put the

radiator where it needs to go normally

the radiator needs to go to the top of

the case guys if you can at all avoid it

do not put a radiator on the side of the

case do not put it at the bottom of the gaug

gaug

absolutely never put a radiator at the

bottom of a computer cage

if you have no choice you can sometimes

put it in the front of the computer case

perhaps but preferably your computer's

radiator needs to be at the top of the

case you always put that above the CPU

never below the CPU this is because air

is going to get trapped in the system

guys if you must put the radiator in the

front of the case instead of the top of

the case make sure the pipes that goes

into radiator is below the radiator not

above the radiator why you ask because

the top of the radiator where the pipes

is going to come out if they were to be

the top Air is going to get stuck there

there's always a little bit of air in

the system and if your radiator is going

to be in the front of the case there's a

chance that your radiator is now below

your CPU and then where the pipes is

going to meet the radiator at the top

there's going to be air trap there so

for some weird reason you must put the

radiator in the front of the case make

sure the pipes goes in below the

radiator not above the radiator but

preferably always put the whole radiator

system at the top of the computer case

that way you're not going to have any

air that's going to cause issues anyway

just to repeat myself there is the water

block you'll still have that in your

closed loop systems the newer ones the

newer ones you'll find it where the

water block is there's all kinds of cool

displays nowadays you you would have

seen earlier in M added display I'm

going to show you guys a a short little

video in a moment or pictures and video

actually so mine just shows the CPU

temperature but you'll find some of them

actually got a colorful LCD display

which you can go and display videos and

all kinds of cool things which is quite

cool so this one also consists of a

radiator and fans they're all consist of

a radiator and fans some of them have

one fan some of them have two fans some

of them have three fans it depends on

how you know how big your radiator is

mine is quite big so those fans in this

image they look like 120 mil fans so you

can go and put sometimes maybe about 4

80 mil fans but it's more common to find

120 mil fans those are the huge ones I

think the most common liquid cooling

system size I see is normally 240 Ms or

360 Ms 240 Ms means you've got two of

those fans that we see there so this one

looks like it's a 240 mil liqu quitting

system if it had three fans that was

that size it would be a 360 mil liquid

cooling system so the one you saw on my

video or my images earlier that's a huge

liquid cooling system that's a 360 mil

liquid cooling system so it's got 320

mil fans at the Top If we're using the

metric system now before we switch over

to that video I want to show you guys

the liquid cooling system I'm going to

show you guys that same gaming PC I had

earlier but um I'm just going to focus

specifically on the liquid cooling side

of things so here's another picture it's

not my machine but this is just another

picture of an old school liquid cooling

system where they put in a little bit of

dye makes it look very very cool and um

let me show you guys another one of an

old school liquid cooling system well

it's old school but it's not this one

doesn't have any fancy LCD but it does

look flipping cool so you guys can see

them adding red dye to the whole mix so

if you've got lots of colorful fans and

lots of lighting in your case and all

that you can go and add a bit of dye to

the system it looks really really cool

and now I'm going to show you guys a

picture of my L cooling system now take

note this picture was taken during the

daylight so it doesn't look as cool

during the day but it specifically so

you guys can see a little bit clearer of

what the heck is going on here so here's

a picture of my computer the one that my

kids built so my kids built this one so

if you look there where the CPU would go

there is the CPU

mine has a screen there actually that

displays something in this case it

displays the cpu's current temperature

there which is 43.8 De C you can see

there's two pipes there on the side one

pumps to the CPU the other one pumps

away from the CPU at the top there you

guys can see there is my radiator it's

got three fans now the fans are blowing

upwards they're blowing upwards they're

blowing air through theator fence

outside the case so the whole idea is

you want air to blow outwards not

inwards because the air that's going to

be blowing through that are is going to

be cool and once it comes out the other

side it's obviously going to be warm the

air because it's well it just went

through that radiator it's got lots of

hot water in it or lots of hot liquid in

it so you do not want that air blowing

inwards you want that air blowing

outwards now most liquid cooling systems

you buy the radiator fans are not

attached to the radiator yet they come

with the radiator in the box so the

whole system comes in the Box you get

the the water block you you get the

piping you get a radiator you get the

fans that comes with it all of it comes

in the Box it's a sealed unit so you're

not going to have to go and top it up

you might possibly have to go and add

the fans to the radiator you've going to

go and screw them in if you're going to

be doing that make sure the fans blow

through the radiator not away from it it

has to blow through it and has to blow

outside your coat so you can see mine

there I've got three fans they're

blowing upwards the radiator is just

above those three fans so the fans are

blowing upwards through my radiator and

then it blows out the case at the top

because hot air obviously goes up which

is another reason why I put it at top of

the case you also notice that my

radiator is above my CPU water block the

pipes are going upwards so there's no

chance of air bubbles or stuff causing

any Shenanigans here let me show you

guys a better angle of this computer

okay so there's another angle a little

bit more from the side where you guys

can almost see a radiator almost almost

almost it's just above the fence it's

not completely visible but it's just

above the fence is where the radiator is

is and you can see the pipes are going

upwards so let's switch over to that

gaming PC guys let me visually show you

guys where this goes and what it looks

like instead of just a still image it's

more fun to show you guys practically so

let me show you guys a few moments later

all right here is that liquid cooling

system you guys can see let me just turn

this light on for you

guys there is the water block this one's

got a temperature gauge on it there is

the two water pipes one coming down one

going up to the radiator at the top

there is the radiator well the fans at

least has hooked up to the bottom of the

radiator the radiator is just above it

air blows upwards through the fins it

comes out here at the top there's the

radiator you can see the fs of the

radiator and it's as simple as that

folks that's

it right folks I think that pretty much

concludes it for this main section let's

move on to the next Main section storage

devices the first topic I'm going to be

talking about in this section is mass

storage devices so to help aid with this

there's a bit of a visual aid for you

guys so it's an animated picture of a

computer case now this is an old

computer case but you still need to see

this for some things to make sense so

there on the right hand side guys bottom

right there is where you would go put in

your old school hard drives those old

big mechanic IAL ones now there's a lot

of machines out there that still has

these hard drives which is why it's

important for you guys to know where

they would go so normally in most

computer cases bottom right is where

they're going to go and slide in and

you're going to go and screw them in so

they are locked into place also just

above that just below where it says

optical disc there's normally about one

or two bays for optical disc there's

also one or two bays for additional hard

drives just below the optical disc you

can slide them in from the motherboard

side so come from that CPU side on the

motherboard you're going to slide them

in from the left to the right instead of

sliding them in from our perspective

which is what the case is there for the

bottom ones they're on the right now you

guys will notice a lot of the new modern

PCS don't actually have those big hard

drive Bays anymore instead they'll have

small ones for the solidate drives

because these days you can pretty much

only buy solidate drives you can buy if

you have an actual hard drive that

you're buying that will either be a

solid state drive or it will be an m.2

hard drive now an m.2 hard drive looks

almost like a little circuit board that

you plug in directly on the motherboard

the the normal normal solid state hard

drives those are actually going to still

look like a hard drive now I'm going to

use that same picture I showed you guys

earlier of a computer of that computer

of mine so there we go now coming at

this from a hard drive perspective do

you see those same hard drive bays at

the bottom right that we saw just a

moment ago in an animated picture no we

do not there is absolutely no hard drive

bays in this gaming case a lot of the

new modern cases do not come with hard

drive base so where do we put the hard

drive then you'll find a lot of the new

modern piec especially gaming pieces

like this one they use an m.2 slot

there's going to be one or more of these

slots on the motherboard it's a small

little piece of circuit board that plugs

into the motherboard that is your hard

drive now I'm sure you know solid hard

drive is normally faster than a

mechanical hard drive but what's even

faster than a normal Sol hard drive is

one of those that you plug into your m.2

slot on the motherboard those are also a

form of solate drive but they're faster

than your normal conventional solate

drives so let me switch back first to

that animated picture since we've now

kind of seen that there is a possibility

there might be no drive base so when we

talk about drive unit form factors guys

at the bottom right there that is where

you would go and put those old school

big mechanical hard drives that's a form

factor those big ones then you get the

small ones which are the size of a

laptop hard drive now laptop hard drives

you know the mechanical ones even were

very small and if you go buy a solit

hard drive they're the exact same size

as a laptop's normal standard hard drive

shape and size so in terms of physical

shape and size you know Dimensions wise

that is going to be the exact same as a

normal hard drive for a laptop which

becomes a problem if you want to go and

put those drives into to a normal

desktop PC so if you look at this

desktop PC in front of us if I were to

go and get solate hard drives now in

physical form factors you know physical

dimensions you only get them in the

physical dimensions of a laptop hard

drive where the heck am I going to put

that in this case so what people would

normally go and do if they have one of

these old cases they'll sometimes just

put in like one screw and have a

dangling which is not very professional

but end of the day I suppose they're

trying to keep it out of the motherboard

and out of the fans and stuff like that

some people will go and use double-sided

tape but all that so it's gener better

to go and change your case if at all

possible uh form factor wise then you of

course get those hard you plug directly

on the motherboard those little chips

that I just spoke of and then folks you

also get what we call external and

removable storage in terms of external

and removable storage that could be

something as simple as an optical disc

you know that you going put in your

optical drive an old CD or DVD in other

words this could be a flash drive some

people call it a Thum drive or a memory

stick you know something like that it

could be an external drive all of these

classify as external removable storage

now coming at this from a reliability

and performance perspective if you go

look at those old mechanical hard drives

yeah guys that is the slowest kind of

hard drive you get so if you want speed

that is not a hard drive for you they

are relatively reliable though if you go

look at CCTV systems where those those

hard drives are going to be running day

and night it's going to be reading and

writing to that hard drive especially

writing to that hard drive day and night

then you want yourself an all School

mechanical hard drive those are very

reliable for CCTV systems but if you

want to go and plug a solidate drive

into that CCTV system it's not going to

last that long guys they give you a lot

of speed but they don't really give you

reliability so that's just something to

keep in mind Sol hard drives they give

you a lot of speed but they have

generally a limited amount of times you

can go and re and right to them so

unfortunately in terms of lifespan they

generally don't last as long as

mechanical drives but they do give you

an insane stupid amount of speed now if

normal soloc drives were not good enough

for you you can of course get those ones

you go and plug in directly on the

motherboard like a little chip those are

even faster than your normal old school

solate drives guys way faster so if

you're a serious gamer that needs some

serious speed that's the one you want to

go so let's add a little bit more

context here let's start with solid

state drives guys in terms of SSD

performance SSD is solid state drives

guys here's a couple of pictures for you

guys they're animated but still they

serve their purpose so the top right

hand side that is a normal solid state

drive so form factor wise you know when

it comes to physical dimensions it's the

exact same shape and size as a laptop

hard drive so whether a laptop hard

drive be mechanical or solidate it's

going to be the same form factor desktop

PC wise it's still going to be the same

form factor as a laptop hard drive it

becomes a bit of a pickle if you want to

go and you know mount it somewhere

basically at the bottom right there guys

that is a card that you slot into your

PC's motherboard assuming of course

you've got such a slot not all

motherboards come with those so it's

normally going to be gaming PCs it's

going to be obviously a relatively new

pc so it's going to be some form of high

speec motherboard that's going to have a

slot for that specific hard drive so

that is a hard drive guys it basically

looks like a memory card now some of

them are short this is a very short one

in this image some of them are long now

most of the ones I do with are about two

times as long if not three times as long

the point here though is it's slots into

the motherboard if you're wondering

where this would slot into the

motherboard let me show you guys in that

gaming PC of mine a few moments later

all right folks here is that PC there if

you can see that heat sink there that

little heat plate that is the m.2 slot

with the hard drive cuz see it's got two

screws let me just bring it

closer underneath this heat sink you'll

find the hard R it's a little chip it

slides into place easy peasy all right

so now you guys saw on my gaming PC I

have a slot for it it's not uncommon to

find a heat sink above it the heat sink

is just to cool it down even further

because these drives actually do get a

little warm as well the especially when

they near your graphics card right so I

think we've covered enough of solate

drives let's talk about normal hardest

drives or as I like to call them

mechanical drives so many many moons ago

we only had these mechanical drives and

we just called them the hard drive

because that was the only kind of hard

drive you got nowadays we get solidate

drives we get those m.2 drives so you

have to be more specific these days

these days you can't just go and say hey

I've got a hard drive because people are

going to ask you okay cool but what kind

of hard drive do you have because you

get many kinds but unfortunately in a

lot of manuals and stuff and it we still

refer to the old mechanical hard drives

as just a hard drive that's a little

confusing to some people because now we

don't know are you talking about a

normal mechanical hard drive or you're

talking about a hard drive in general we

don't know so in terms of

characteristics for this specific hard

drive there is a picture for you guys so

if you were to go an open a mechanical

hard drive there's normally seven screws

guys not six so if you look at this

image you might see six holes but

there's hidden seventh hole just above

the middle of the spindle it's normally

underneath the label of the hard drive

so if you want to open it up which is

not something I would recommend unless

you know what you're doing the six

screws on the sides very easy piece to

go and remove those quick and easy the

seventh one is underneath the label

you're can either have to go and remove

the label which is a mission of note I

don't recommend even trying it or the

easier better way is to make a small

little incision on the label a small

little incision in the label a little

hole if you will where you can go and

just pull the screw through it's very

quick and easy you can actually feel

where the hole is normally through the

sticker so just go and take a small

little sharp screwdriver and just make a

little hole there and you can go and

take the screw out through that once you

open it this is what you guys will see

in this image is what you will see now

on the left there top left that's your

actuating arm it looks like it's a arm

going on top of that platter that disc

there but it's actually multiple arms

going between layers of discs that

platters there guys is not a platter

it's multiple platters we're looking at

this from the top but if you were to go

look at this from the side you'll see

it's actually multiple platters they're

so close to one another you can barely

get a hair between that I don't think

you can even get a hair between these

platters that's how close they are to

one another and this arm actually goes

between them it looks like it's on top

but it actually goes between them now

this whole thing works with lasers and

magnets and stuff so if you were to

bring a magnet near this hard drive

you're going to corrupt the hard drivve

you should never bring a magnet near a

computer's hard drive especially

mechanical ones because it corrupts the

data on this hard drive guys since it

works with magnets and lasers and stuff

you should also never drop this hard

drive or expose it to sudden shock I

don't mean electrical shock I mean like

physical shock like shaking it and stuff

when you do that that arm touches the

platus and other things touch one

another and as soon as that happens then

you have a head crash and then you're

going to lose your data so we absolutely

do not want to shake these we do not

want to drop this so that's one of the

reasons why you can never drop these

hard drives they're not prone to shock as soon as they shock you know as soon

as soon as they shock you know as soon as you drop them the hard drive is going

as you drop them the hard drive is going to kick the bucket solid state hard

to kick the bucket solid state hard drives vote they've got no moving Parts

drives vote they've got no moving Parts hence the name solid state so solid

hence the name solid state so solid state hard drives you can go and drop

state hard drives you can go and drop them on the floor and nothing bad's

them on the floor and nothing bad's going to happen guys all right folks let

going to happen guys all right folks let me move you on to the next topic

me move you on to the next topic redundant array of independent discs now

redundant array of independent discs now that is obviously a mouthful this is

that is obviously a mouthful this is actually more commonly known as raid for

actually more commonly known as raid for short everybody including myself just

short everybody including myself just refers to this as raid it's very rare

refers to this as raid it's very rare you'll hear someone ever say the full

you'll hear someone ever say the full name unless it's in a class test or

name unless it's in a class test or something but generally we just call

something but generally we just call this raid now for those of you who don't

this raid now for those of you who don't know what red is folks this is generally

know what red is folks this is generally something you'll go and do with hard

something you'll go and do with hard drives either in a server room

drives either in a server room environment or in a desktop computer

environment or in a desktop computer environment but you can actually also go

environment but you can actually also go do this on a couple of other devices

do this on a couple of other devices such as NAS drive so this is used to

such as NAS drive so this is used to achieve things like fault tolerance

achieve things like fault tolerance sometimes referred to as redundancy it's

sometimes referred to as redundancy it's also used to achieve speed and what you

also used to achieve speed and what you guys might not know yet is you get

guys might not know yet is you get different kinds of raid you get raid

different kinds of raid you get raid zero raate one raate five 6 10 15 and so

zero raate one raate five 6 10 15 and so on and so forth depending on which one

on and so forth depending on which one of these you go and use out of those

of these you go and use out of those I've just listed that will obviously

I've just listed that will obviously determine what benefits you get whether

determine what benefits you get whether you getting full tolerance whether you

you getting full tolerance whether you getting speed whether you getting

getting speed whether you getting multiple benefits here it will also

multiple benefits here it will also determine how many hard drives you need

determine how many hard drives you need because there's actually a minimum

because there's actually a minimum amount of hard drives you need to be

amount of hard drives you need to be able to achieve this thing called raid

able to achieve this thing called raid so some of them needs a minimum of for

so some of them needs a minimum of for example two hard drives some of these

example two hard drives some of these raid types needs for example a minimum

raid types needs for example a minimum of three hard drives depending on which

of three hard drives depending on which one you're using that will obviously

one you're using that will obviously dictate how many hard drives you're

dictate how many hard drives you're going to need at a minimum

going to need at a minimum all right and then in terms of which

all right and then in terms of which raids you need to know um there's

raids you need to know um there's actually three main ones you need to

actually three main ones you need to know if you know the other ones that's

know if you know the other ones that's just a bonus the three main ones you

just a bonus the three main ones you need to know within the A+ course which

need to know within the A+ course which they will definitely ask you about in

they will definitely ask you about in the exam is rate zero guys you

the exam is rate zero guys you definitely need to know rate zero they

definitely need to know rate zero they will ask you about raate one and no you

will ask you about raate one and no you do not get a raid two or a raid three

do not get a raid two or a raid three then you also get a raid five these I've

then you also get a raid five these I've just listed it's very important you know

just listed it's very important you know what their benefits is it's very

what their benefits is it's very important you know how many hard drives

important you know how many hard drives they need at a minimum that kinds of

they need at a minimum that kinds of stuff so you need to know what they do

stuff so you need to know what they do so some of them do something called

so some of them do something called striping some of them do something

striping some of them do something called mirroring some of them use a

called mirroring some of them use a parody bits you need to know their

parody bits you need to know their benefits you need to know what they do

benefits you need to know what they do and the minimum amount of hard drive now

and the minimum amount of hard drive now once again folks if you do know the

once again folks if you do know the other rates uh the rate six and 10 and

other rates uh the rate six and 10 and 15 and all those other ones that's a

15 and all those other ones that's a massive bonus so I definitely encourage

massive bonus so I definitely encourage you to look into those as well but these

you to look into those as well but these three are the main ones you need to know

three are the main ones you need to know from an exam perspective now if we look

from an exam perspective now if we look at the first one there guys raid zero if

at the first one there guys raid zero if you were to go and do that it gives you

you were to go and do that it gives you the benefit of speed it does something

the benefit of speed it does something called striping you spell it like

called striping you spell it like stripping but it's striping so raate

stripping but it's striping so raate zero it gives you speed but it does not

zero it gives you speed but it does not give you fa tolerance it does not give

give you fa tolerance it does not give you redundancy it only gives you speed

you redundancy it only gives you speed or performance however you want to float

or performance however you want to float this boat and it uses something called

this boat and it uses something called or it does something called striping to

or it does something called striping to achieve that goal now if we look at the

achieve that goal now if we look at the next one here raid one that one does not

next one here raid one that one does not give you speed or performance but it

give you speed or performance but it does however give you fault tolerance or

does however give you fault tolerance or should I say redundancy so in the event

should I say redundancy so in the event of one of your hard drives failing you

of one of your hard drives failing you will not lose any data at least that's

will not lose any data at least that's the idea here instead all you can do

the idea here instead all you can do here is you can just go and remove that

here is you can just go and remove that failed hard drive put in a new clean

failed hard drive put in a new clean fresh one and there you go it's going to

fresh one and there you go it's going to start recovering automatically by itself

start recovering automatically by itself it's not going to give you speed vote

it's not going to give you speed vote this is just to give you full tolerance

this is just to give you full tolerance in the event of something going wrong

in the event of something going wrong like one of your hard drives failing for

like one of your hard drives failing for whatever reason then the third one we've

whatever reason then the third one we've got there on the list folks raid five

got there on the list folks raid five this one gives you speed SL performance

this one gives you speed SL performance like rate zero but it also gives you

like rate zero but it also gives you full tolerance SL redundancy see like

full tolerance SL redundancy see like raed one so it gives you the best of

raed one so it gives you the best of both worlds and it also uses something

both worlds and it also uses something called a parity bit now if you look at

called a parity bit now if you look at the first one there raid zero and also

the first one there raid zero and also the second one there raid one those you

the second one there raid one those you can technically do on a desktop PC

can technically do on a desktop PC although that's not something you'll see

although that's not something you'll see nowadays because there's just no need

nowadays because there's just no need for us to go and do that there's other

for us to go and do that there's other ways we can go back up our data and to

ways we can go back up our data and to get more performance I mean coming at

get more performance I mean coming at this from a performance perspective if

this from a performance perspective if you look at rate zero in the old days

you look at rate zero in the old days you needed a minimum of two hard drives

you needed a minimum of two hard drives to achieve that yes a minimum of two

to achieve that yes a minimum of two hard drives folks you need to have a

hard drives folks you need to have a special motherboard and knowledge of

special motherboard and knowledge of raid and you had to go and configure it

raid and you had to go and configure it which was quite a mission of note

which was quite a mission of note nowadays if you want speed just go get

nowadays if you want speed just go get yourself a solid state drive or better

yourself a solid state drive or better yet one of those you put on the

yet one of those you put on the motherboard that's going to give you

motherboard that's going to give you massive speed so there's no need for us

massive speed so there's no need for us to go and do raid zero in a normal

to go and do raid zero in a normal desktop PC anymore raid one which is

desktop PC anymore raid one which is more for full tolerance that also needs

more for full tolerance that also needs a minimum of two hard drives now we do

a minimum of two hard drives now we do still use that ever so often but not in

still use that ever so often but not in our computers this is something you'll

our computers this is something you'll maybe find on a Nash drive if you know

maybe find on a Nash drive if you know what a Nash Drive is Nas is short for

what a Nash Drive is Nas is short for network attached storage device not a

network attached storage device not a topic for today but that is covered

topic for today but that is covered later in the A+ course so if you want to

later in the A+ course so if you want to know more about that stay tuned in the

know more about that stay tuned in the A+ course alternatively you can just go

A+ course alternatively you can just go and look it up if you are in a rush as

and look it up if you are in a rush as for rate Five Guys that is something

for rate Five Guys that is something you'll normally find on a server rate

you'll normally find on a server rate Five is way more expensive because it

Five is way more expensive because it needs a minimum of three hard drives to

needs a minimum of three hard drives to achieve its goal goal so rate zero

achieve its goal goal so rate zero minimum of two rate one a minimum of two

minimum of two rate one a minimum of two hard drives and rate Five a minimum of

hard drives and rate Five a minimum of three hard drives are required so there

three hard drives are required so there you have it guys rate zero gives you

you have it guys rate zero gives you speed or performance you need at least

speed or performance you need at least two hard drives to achieve that goal

two hard drives to achieve that goal rate one minimum of two hard drives

rate one minimum of two hard drives gives you full tolerance redundancy rate

gives you full tolerance redundancy rate Five minimum of three hard drives give

Five minimum of three hard drives give you both speed and fault tolerance now

you both speed and fault tolerance now if you look at rate zero which does

if you look at rate zero which does speed you know there's a concept called

speed you know there's a concept called striping and all of that if you have two

striping and all of that if you have two hard drives because that's the minimum

hard drives because that's the minimum you're going to need your data will

you're going to need your data will effectively be split half half over

effectively be split half half over these two hard drives they're not going

these two hard drives they're not going to be clones of one another they're not

to be clones of one another they're not going to be the same your data is going

going to be the same your data is going to be split half half over these two

to be split half half over these two hard drives so you're basically going to

hard drives so you're basically going to be reading from both of them at the same

be reading from both of them at the same time now in most computers at least in

time now in most computers at least in the old days the hard drive was the

the old days the hard drive was the slowest component it doesn't help you

slowest component it doesn't help you very much you've got such a fast CPU and

very much you've got such a fast CPU and lots of ram that might be fast but then

lots of ram that might be fast but then you've got this old hard drive that can

you've got this old hard drive that can only feed the information at a certain

only feed the information at a certain speed to the CP and all of that that

speed to the CP and all of that that doesn't help you very much now does it

doesn't help you very much now does it so to help aid with that in the old days

so to help aid with that in the old days you can go and add two hard drives split

you can go and add two hard drives split the information between these two hard

the information between these two hard drives and have them feed the CPU and

drives and have them feed the CPU and the ram all of that both at the same

the ram all of that both at the same time giving you a little bit of a speed

time giving you a little bit of a speed boost if you will nowadays it's not

boost if you will nowadays it's not needed to do that you can just go get

needed to do that you can just go get yourself a solate drive and you're going

yourself a solate drive and you're going to be Aces if you look at raid one you

to be Aces if you look at raid one you need a minimum of two hard drives and it

need a minimum of two hard drives and it does something called mirroring in other

does something called mirroring in other words it makes a clone so rate zero does

words it makes a clone so rate zero does something called striping rate one does

something called striping rate one does something called mirroring it makes a

something called mirroring it makes a clone so you're going to have two hard

clone so you're going to have two hard drives but unlike rate zero it's going

drives but unlike rate zero it's going to be half half and raate one these two

to be half half and raate one these two hard drives folks are exact replicas of

hard drives folks are exact replicas of one another they're clones so you're not

one another they're clones so you're not going to get speed out of this but you

going to get speed out of this but you are going to get fault tolerance or

are going to get fault tolerance or redundancy so in the event of one of

redundancy so in the event of one of these two hard drives failing for

these two hard drives failing for whatever reason they're going to go kick

whatever reason they're going to go kick the bucket maybe it's a lightning strike

the bucket maybe it's a lightning strike maybe it's just a wear and tear whatever

maybe it's just a wear and tear whatever the case might be you're not going to

the case might be you're not going to lose any data you simply remove the

lose any data you simply remove the failed hard drive put a new blank one in

failed hard drive put a new blank one in and there you go now suggestion I'm

and there you go now suggestion I'm going to make for you folks here this is

going to make for you folks here this is really going to help you guys um in the

really going to help you guys um in the field this is not something you need to

field this is not something you need to know for the exam is keep these two hard

know for the exam is keep these two hard drives preferably the same size

drives preferably the same size and preferably keep them the same brand

and preferably keep them the same brand brand wise that's just for compatibility

brand wise that's just for compatibility reasons it's not supposed to cause any

reasons it's not supposed to cause any issues but yet a lot of times in it if

issues but yet a lot of times in it if you mix Brands I'm not promoting or

you mix Brands I'm not promoting or demoting any Brands here but if you mix

demoting any Brands here but if you mix Brands it gives you the weirdest

Brands it gives you the weirdest weirdest of errors and glitches and bugs

weirdest of errors and glitches and bugs and stuff so you're going to choose a

and stuff so you're going to choose a brand whatever brand you want but stick

brand whatever brand you want but stick to that brand so once one of these

to that brand so once one of these drives fails one day put in preferably

drives fails one day put in preferably the same brand also put preferably in

the same brand also put preferably in the same size it doesn't help it's a 1

the same size it doesn't help it's a 1 tby drive that's completely full with 1

tby drive that's completely full with 1 tab worth of data and now the secondary

tab worth of data and now the secondary drive you go put in is a 1.5 terabyte

drive you go put in is a 1.5 terabyte you're going to be wasting half a

you're going to be wasting half a terabyte here why would you do that so

terabyte here why would you do that so if you can put preferably in the same um

if you can put preferably in the same um size hard drive and preferably the same

size hard drive and preferably the same brand I know it's not always going to be

brand I know it's not always going to be possible but try guys now moving on to

possible but try guys now moving on to rate Five folks that one does something

rate Five folks that one does something called striping and mirroring because it

called striping and mirroring because it gives us both speed and F tolerance so

gives us both speed and F tolerance so does striping it does mirroring and

does striping it does mirroring and you're able to lose at least one hard

you're able to lose at least one hard drive here so in the event of one of

drive here so in the event of one of these three hard drives failing you're

these three hard drives failing you're not going to lose any data the server

not going to lose any data the server can carry on like normal the users would

can carry on like normal the users would be none the wiser and this gives you

be none the wiser and this gives you time as a technician to silently fix

time as a technician to silently fix this stuff in the background you can fix

this stuff in the background you can fix it in 5 minutes an hour or a day or two

it in 5 minutes an hour or a day or two it's up to you but generally we

it's up to you but generally we recommend you get your your button gear

recommend you get your your button gear here you do it as quickly as possible

here you do it as quickly as possible because you never know when the second

because you never know when the second hard drive might fail should you lose

hard drive might fail should you lose more than one hard drive in the raid 5

more than one hard drive in the raid 5 aray yes then you do lose your data the

aray yes then you do lose your data the chances of that happening folks is very

chances of that happening folks is very very unlikely but yeah we don't want to

very unlikely but yeah we don't want to go and test our luck you now do we so

go and test our luck you now do we so get your butt in gear and once one of

get your butt in gear and once one of these hard drives fails please swap it

these hard drives fails please swap it as quickly as possible now the fun thing

as quickly as possible now the fun thing about these servers is these drives on a

about these servers is these drives on a server are hot swappable guys if you

server are hot swappable guys if you don't know what that term means it means

don't know what that term means it means you do not need to turn the server off

you do not need to turn the server off to swap the hard drives so in a server

to swap the hard drives so in a server environment you'll have these big tall

environment you'll have these big tall cases that's got lots of little lights

cases that's got lots of little lights that should be green for the most part

that should be green for the most part at least they're usually green and in

at least they're usually green and in the event of one of these drives in your

the event of one of these drives in your rate Five array failing usually you'll

rate Five array failing usually you'll hear some sort of beep and the drive

hear some sort of beep and the drive that's failed will have a red light on

that's failed will have a red light on it now instead of green light you don't

it now instead of green light you don't have to turn the server off you can

have to turn the server off you can actually go and take the hard drive out

actually go and take the hard drive out while the server is running it's got

while the server is running it's got this little latch you're going to loosen

this little latch you're going to loosen you're going to pull it out you're going

you're going to pull it out you're going to put a new Fresh one in and you're

to put a new Fresh one in and you're going to hook it back into place and VOA

going to hook it back into place and VOA there you go unlike a computer normal

there you go unlike a computer normal computer normal desktop PC for instance

computer normal desktop PC for instance you can't go and do that stunt you've

you can't go and do that stunt you've got to turn that PC off and only once

got to turn that PC off and only once it's actually turned off can you go and

it's actually turned off can you go and remove hard drives and put a new one in

remove hard drives and put a new one in servers generally no servers usually

servers generally no servers usually hard drives are hot soble because we

hard drives are hot soble because we don't have time to shut them down it's

don't have time to shut them down it's quite literally a case of time as money

quite literally a case of time as money the longer it's off the more money this

the longer it's off the more money this company loses not something you want to

company loses not something you want to be in anyway folks we are still in the

be in anyway folks we are still in the category of storage let's move you guys

category of storage let's move you guys on to removable storage drives now

on to removable storage drives now without me giving you guys any pictures

without me giving you guys any pictures or explaining anything you probably have

or explaining anything you probably have a fairly good idea of what this is so

a fairly good idea of what this is so there's a couple of pictures for you

there's a couple of pictures for you guys animated but still so the top right

guys animated but still so the top right hand side we've got ourselves an

hand side we've got ourselves an external hard drive roughly the form

external hard drive roughly the form factor of a laptop hard drive very in

factor of a laptop hard drive very in the middle we've got a memory stick or

the middle we've got a memory stick or as some folks call it a flash drive you

as some folks call it a flash drive you can call it many things we've got a

can call it many things we've got a memory card or a memory card adapter and

memory card or a memory card adapter and there at the bottom we've got a memory

there at the bottom we've got a memory card reader if you've got a memory card

card reader if you've got a memory card you'll find a lot of laptops these days

you'll find a lot of laptops these days can actually read them by default

can actually read them by default they've got some sort of memory card

they've got some sort of memory card rear built into them somewhere along the

rear built into them somewhere along the lines maybe not all of them but a lot of

lines maybe not all of them but a lot of laptops if you've got yourself a desktop

laptops if you've got yourself a desktop PC then it's normally a bit of a pickle

PC then it's normally a bit of a pickle of a situation you might have to go get

of a situation you might have to go get yourself an external memory card reader

yourself an external memory card reader and blah blah blah so the top that is

and blah blah blah so the top that is drive enclosures all right and then the

drive enclosures all right and then the last topic for this specific section

last topic for this specific section folks Optical drives now I'm not going

folks Optical drives now I'm not going to lie to you guys it pains me to

to lie to you guys it pains me to explain this topic specifically because

explain this topic specifically because this is not something you really see on

this is not something you really see on machines anymore if you go to a tech

machines anymore if you go to a tech store right now and you're going to go

store right now and you're going to go and try and buy yourself a computer

and try and buy yourself a computer you'll find it almost guaranteed there

you'll find it almost guaranteed there will not be an optical drive in it

will not be an optical drive in it whether it be a desktop PC or a laptop

whether it be a desktop PC or a laptop PC you'll find it does not have an

PC you'll find it does not have an optical drive if it does have one it's

optical drive if it does have one it's probably an old machine 10 to one maybe

probably an old machine 10 to one maybe it's old stock or so so we don't use use

it's old stock or so so we don't use use these Optical drives so I think the only

these Optical drives so I think the only thing you might use that for is to maybe

thing you might use that for is to maybe install the operating system but even

install the operating system but even that is something we don't really use

that is something we don't really use this for anymore we'll probably go and

this for anymore we'll probably go and use a memory stick or we'll install the

use a memory stick or we'll install the operating system via Network perhaps so

operating system via Network perhaps so yes these Optical drives guys we would

yes these Optical drives guys we would normally insert an optical disc into it

normally insert an optical disc into it this could be you know a compact disc

this could be you know a compact disc which we just call CDS those were

which we just call CDS those were predominantly used for music back back

predominantly used for music back back in the day but we also had storage on

in the day but we also had storage on them the average CD was approximately

them the average CD was approximately 700 megabits in size capacity so you

700 megabits in size capacity so you couldn't put a lot of information on it

couldn't put a lot of information on it but for us that was a lot um you could

but for us that was a lot um you could also go and use these Optical dis drives

also go and use these Optical dis drives for DVDs or digital versatile disc now

for DVDs or digital versatile disc now the average size for that was about 4.4

the average size for that was about 4.4 to about 4.8 gigs but you did get some

to about 4.8 gigs but you did get some of them were double than that or even

of them were double than that or even way more than double than that but the

way more than double than that but the average size was about just over 4 gigs

average size was about just over 4 gigs in capacity then which didn't really

in capacity then which didn't really catch on that much like CD and DVD we

catch on that much like CD and DVD we had Blu-ray discs BD for short now once

had Blu-ray discs BD for short now once again guys this will not be asked in the

again guys this will not be asked in the exam quite frankly this is actually not

exam quite frankly this is actually not even something you guys are going to use

even something you guys are going to use in the field but it is something that's

in the field but it is something that's in the course so since it's in the

in the course so since it's in the course here I am explaining it so let it

course here I am explaining it so let it not be said that I did not explain stuff

not be said that I did not explain stuff that was not in a course here it is but

that was not in a course here it is but U if I'm being honest guys if you're

U if I'm being honest guys if you're preparing for the exam you can actually

preparing for the exam you can actually skip this topic and just move on to the

skip this topic and just move on to the next topic right before we move move on

next topic right before we move move on to that next main section guys this is

to that next main section guys this is the part where I play a bit of a game

the part where I play a bit of a game with you guys this is completely

with you guys this is completely optional you guys don't have to play

optional you guys don't have to play along um but the guys that's been

along um but the guys that's been following my videos would normally know

following my videos would normally know what game I'm talking about so normally

what game I'm talking about so normally somewhere in most of my videos I'll have

somewhere in most of my videos I'll have a small code word or a code phrase and

a small code word or a code phrase and for those that want to play along you

for those that want to play along you can go and take this word or this phrase

can go and take this word or this phrase you can go to the comment section down

you can go to the comment section down below and you can go make a new sentence

below and you can go make a new sentence using that word or phrase now the whole

using that word or phrase now the whole idea about this random word or phrase is

idea about this random word or phrase is anybody that has not watched the video

anybody that has not watched the video up until this point is obviously going

up until this point is obviously going to be very confused as to what the

to be very confused as to what the cheese is going on so they're just

cheese is going on so they're just skimming through the comment section and

skimming through the comment section and they see you using this random code word

they see you using this random code word or phrase they'll be like why are people

or phrase they'll be like why are people talking about this object so much let's

talking about this object so much let's say it's banana that's not the code word

say it's banana that's not the code word by the way so they'll be wondering why

by the way so they'll be wondering why is everybody talking about bananas

is everybody talking about bananas what's going on here and only once they

what's going on here and only once they actually get to this point of the video

actually get to this point of the video will they see okay there that's what

will they see okay there that's what it's about so it's basically an a bit of

it's about so it's basically an a bit of an inside joke you know a little inside

an inside joke you know a little inside humor you are of course still allowed to

humor you are of course still allowed to go and ask your normal questions or

go and ask your normal questions or anything else and I will definitely get

anything else and I will definitely get back to you as well this is just a

back to you as well this is just a little fun on the side so today's code

little fun on the side so today's code word guys is Optical drives yeah since

word guys is Optical drives yeah since Optical drives is not something that's

Optical drives is not something that's in the exam and since it's also not

in the exam and since it's also not something we really need to go and use

something we really need to go and use in the industry let's let's go and help

in the industry let's let's go and help it feel a little bit less lonely see if

it feel a little bit less lonely see if you can come up with some sort of

you can come up with some sort of sentence using the word optical drive

sentence using the word optical drive you can be creative but do stick to

you can be creative but do stick to YouTube's rules do not go and swear

YouTube's rules do not go and swear anything like that otherwise the YouTube

anything like that otherwise the YouTube popo is going to be on your case so

popo is going to be on your case so let's keep it discreet guys let's see

let's keep it discreet guys let's see who can be the most creative with making

who can be the most creative with making a sentence using the words optical drive

a sentence using the words optical drive right so now that we've got that out of

right so now that we've got that out of the way for those of you that want to

the way for those of you that want to participate of that let's move on to the

participate of that let's move on to the second last main section system memory

second last main section system memory now system memory guys that's all

now system memory guys that's all obviously your RAM for the most part

obviously your RAM for the most part it's not just your RAM but it's going to

it's not just your RAM but it's going to be predominantly just your RAM the first

be predominantly just your RAM the first topic up in this section is system RAM

topic up in this section is system RAM and virtual memory which should come as

and virtual memory which should come as no surprise to you guys so let's start

no surprise to you guys so let's start you guys with the system memory so that

you guys with the system memory so that is your RAM guys random access memory is

is your RAM guys random access memory is what Ram stands for now some people will

what Ram stands for now some people will call this ram ram sticks some people

call this ram ram sticks some people will call them Ram modules the end of

will call them Ram modules the end of the day it is these little chip-like

the day it is these little chip-like items that you're going to go and slide

items that you're going to go and slide into certain slots on the motherboard

into certain slots on the motherboard we'll show you guys a picture in just a

we'll show you guys a picture in just a moment and I might as well show you guys

moment and I might as well show you guys even a little short video of how that

even a little short video of how that gets done just for fun why not now Ram

gets done just for fun why not now Ram folks which is normally located just to

folks which is normally located just to the right of most CPUs that is volatile

the right of most CPUs that is volatile memory if you were to go look at

memory if you were to go look at something like your hard drive that

something like your hard drive that would be an example of nonvolatile

would be an example of nonvolatile memory now what is this veratile that

memory now what is this veratile that I'm talking about you ask well guys that

I'm talking about you ask well guys that means anything that is in your RAM if

means anything that is in your RAM if you lose power to your machine you're

you lose power to your machine you're going to be losing power to your RAM and

going to be losing power to your RAM and anything that was in your RAM is going

anything that was in your RAM is going to be lost now how does this work well

to be lost now how does this work well guys if you have anything open on your

guys if you have anything open on your computer right now at the bottom of the

computer right now at the bottom of the taskbar would it be this YouTube video

taskbar would it be this YouTube video because if you guys are watching this on

because if you guys are watching this on a computer for instance you probably

a computer for instance you probably have a web browser open and in that web

have a web browser open and in that web browser you're most like L on YouTube

browser you're most like L on YouTube that would be an example of something

that would be an example of something that's in your RAM the web browser is in

that's in your RAM the web browser is in your RAM so anything that you've got

your RAM so anything that you've got open on your computer whether it be a

open on your computer whether it be a document a file a program a game that is

document a file a program a game that is in your RAM and if you were to lose

in your RAM and if you were to lose power to your machine especially of

power to your machine especially of desktop computers if you lose power to

desktop computers if you lose power to your machine anything that was in the

your machine anything that was in the ram would be lost now it's not lost lost

ram would be lost now it's not lost lost it's just not in the ram anymore so if

it's just not in the ram anymore so if the power comes back or you restore

the power comes back or you restore power to this machine once you start the

power to this machine once you start the machine back up you'll notice anything

machine back up you'll notice anything you had open would be closed now but

you had open would be closed now but it's not gone gone normally normally

it's not gone gone normally normally it's still stored on a hard drive which

it's still stored on a hard drive which is nonvolatile a hard drive does not

is nonvolatile a hard drive does not lose anything if power is lost you know

lose anything if power is lost you know assuming the hard drive is not failed of

assuming the hard drive is not failed of course but the RAM it loses whatever was

course but the RAM it loses whatever was open so if you had a game open and then

open so if you had a game open and then the power was suddenly missing or the

the power was suddenly missing or the power went missing the game's going to

power went missing the game's going to be closed now if you start the PC back

be closed now if you start the PC back up so once you start the machine back up

up so once you start the machine back up you would have to go and relaunch that

you would have to go and relaunch that game and once you do that it's going to

game and once you do that it's going to load it from the hard drive into your

load it from the hard drive into your RAM so it's going to be back in the ram

RAM so it's going to be back in the ram but it's going to take some work because

but it's going to take some work because you're going to have to go and start the

you're going to have to go and start the machine again you're going to have to go

machine again you're going to have to go and find that document that file that

and find that document that file that program or that game you're going to

program or that game you're going to have to go and relaunch that item and

have to go and relaunch that item and then once you relaunch the item in

then once you relaunch the item in question it will load it back into the

question it will load it back into the ram so volatile simply means whatever

ram so volatile simply means whatever was in the ram is lost loost not lost

was in the ram is lost loost not lost lost it's just closed now and once you

lost it's just closed now and once you start the machine back up again you're

start the machine back up again you're going to have to go reopen the item to

going to have to go reopen the item to well basically reload it back into your

well basically reload it back into your RAM hard drive which is not the topic

RAM hard drive which is not the topic right now is the exact opposite so if

right now is the exact opposite so if you had a file stored on a hard drive

you had a file stored on a hard drive and power was lost and you start the PC

and power was lost and you start the PC back up that file is still going to be

back up that file is still going to be there guys it's not going to be missing

there guys it's not going to be missing and then folks another type of memory

and then folks another type of memory you get in terms of system memory is

you get in terms of system memory is virtual memory this is actually also

virtual memory this is actually also sometimes referred to as page file

sometimes referred to as page file memory so it's called virtual memory

memory so it's called virtual memory it's called page file memory now if you

it's called page file memory now if you don't know what this is it is when your

don't know what this is it is when your computer uses a small portion of your

computer uses a small portion of your hard drive as if it is Ram now the hard

hard drive as if it is Ram now the hard drive is generally very slow or at least

drive is generally very slow or at least in the old days it was so if your CPU

in the old days it was so if your CPU which is the main brain of your computer

which is the main brain of your computer if it had to go and get information

if it had to go and get information directly from the hard drive especially

directly from the hard drive especially in the old days it would not be able to

in the old days it would not be able to do so quick enough your processor is

do so quick enough your processor is normally way faster than the hard drive

normally way faster than the hard drive so yes all your data and whatever is on

so yes all your data and whatever is on the hard drive but the hard drive cannot

the hard drive but the hard drive cannot give the CPU what it needs quick enough

give the CPU what it needs quick enough so to help aid with this bit of a

so to help aid with this bit of a dilemma of speed that we've got here

dilemma of speed that we've got here we've got Ram the ram is temporary

we've got Ram the ram is temporary memory but it's much much faster than

memory but it's much much faster than your average hard drive so anything that

your average hard drive so anything that you're currently busy with would be

you're currently busy with would be loaded from the hard drive into your RAM

loaded from the hard drive into your RAM temporarily because the ram is much

temporarily because the ram is much faster and then as the CPU works of that

faster and then as the CPU works of that file or that game or whatever it might

file or that game or whatever it might be it's going to go ziggity zag between

be it's going to go ziggity zag between the RAM and a CPU until you eventually

the RAM and a CPU until you eventually go and close it now in terms of ram we

go and close it now in terms of ram we are limited in how much we've got maybe

are limited in how much we've got maybe you only have 8 gigs of RAM maybe you

you only have 8 gigs of RAM maybe you only have 32 gigs of RAM the point here

only have 32 gigs of RAM the point here folks is you've got a limit as to how

folks is you've got a limit as to how much RAM you've got and you've got a

much RAM you've got and you've got a limit in as to how many things you can

limit in as to how many things you can have open your machine in one given

have open your machine in one given moment now should you ever find yourself

moment now should you ever find yourself in a pickle of a situation where your

in a pickle of a situation where your machine exceeds the amount of ram let's

machine exceeds the amount of ram let's say you've got 32 gigs of RAM but the

say you've got 32 gigs of RAM but the items you've got open is a little bit

items you've got open is a little bit more than 32 gigs what would normally

more than 32 gigs what would normally happen is the machine would crash you

happen is the machine would crash you would experience a

would experience a bsod blue screen of death it's also

bsod blue screen of death it's also known as a memory dump it's also known

known as a memory dump it's also known as a stop error now that's not only

as a stop error now that's not only reason why you would experience that but

reason why you would experience that but that could cause a blue screen of death

that could cause a blue screen of death your machine is running out of RAM and

your machine is running out of RAM and then your machine is just going to crash

then your machine is just going to crash now to help avoid this little scenario

now to help avoid this little scenario of your machine crashing on you because

of your machine crashing on you because you could potentially lose a a lot of

you could potentially lose a a lot of data and stuff that has not been saved

data and stuff that has not been saved yet we've got virtual memory it's going

yet we've got virtual memory it's going to go and use a small portion of your

to go and use a small portion of your hard drive you can go and choose how

hard drive you can go and choose how much as if it's Ram now yes we said

much as if it's Ram now yes we said earlier the hard drive is ideally not a

earlier the hard drive is ideally not a good idea because it's too flipp and

good idea because it's too flipp and slow but but if you find yourself in

slow but but if you find yourself in that pickle of a situation where your

that pickle of a situation where your RAM is up now and you've got nothing

RAM is up now and you've got nothing else then it's not that bad to have a

else then it's not that bad to have a small portion of your hard drive so you

small portion of your hard drive so you can go and say you know what I want to

can go and say you know what I want to go and dedicate one gigs or two gigs of

go and dedicate one gigs or two gigs of my hard drive as if it's Ram it's not

my hard drive as if it's Ram it's not normally going to go and use it it will

normally going to go and use it it will only use it in the event of your running

only use it in the event of your running out of ram so basically the Overflow the

out of ram so basically the Overflow the spillage will spill over to the hard

spillage will spill over to the hard drive instead of your PC just crashing

drive instead of your PC just crashing yes the PC will ever so slightly start

yes the PC will ever so slightly start slowing down because the split is now on

slowing down because the split is now on the hard drive but most of the stuff

the hard drive but most of the stuff will still be on your RAM since the ram

will still be on your RAM since the ram is now full and all of that and at least

is now full and all of that and at least you're not going to find yourself in a

you're not going to find yourself in a crashing situation so that's what

crashing situation so that's what virtual memory is you can go and choose

virtual memory is you can go and choose in a hard drive how much page file

in a hard drive how much page file memory you want to dedicate on average

memory you want to dedicate on average it's about one gigs or two gigs but if

it's about one gigs or two gigs but if you've got lots and lots of free space

you've got lots and lots of free space in your hard drive mean you might as

in your hard drive mean you might as well go and make it four gigs or so I

well go and make it four gigs or so I wouldn't recommend going more than 4

wouldn't recommend going more than 4 gigs or so because it just gets too slow

gigs or so because it just gets too slow after that now still on the topic of

after that now still on the topic of memory mean this whole section is about

memory mean this whole section is about memory let's talk a bit about multi-

memory let's talk a bit about multi- Channel system memory so I'm going to

Channel system memory so I'm going to give you guys a little bit of a picture

give you guys a little bit of a picture very much the same as what we saw in

very much the same as what we saw in module one or module 2 somewhere so this

module one or module 2 somewhere so this animated picture guys as you guys can

animated picture guys as you guys can see it's got four Ram slots there so

see it's got four Ram slots there so there on the top right hand side there

there on the top right hand side there where I'm highlighting for you guys

where I'm highlighting for you guys that's four Ram module slots you will

that's four Ram module slots you will notice two of them are like dark gray in

notice two of them are like dark gray in color or black and two of them are light

color or black and two of them are light gray that is because they are the same

gray that is because they are the same channel so ideally if you've got let's

channel so ideally if you've got let's say only two RAM chips you need to put

say only two RAM chips you need to put them on the same channel in terms of

them on the same channel in terms of bandwidth and all that so in the old

bandwidth and all that so in the old days it was best to start at the ram

days it was best to start at the ram slot closest to the CPU which would in

slot closest to the CPU which would in this case be the dark gray one next to

this case be the dark gray one next to the CPU and if you were lucky enough to

the CPU and if you were lucky enough to have a second ram chip that would go in

have a second ram chip that would go in the second dark gray slot so it would

the second dark gray slot so it would not be the second slot it'll be the

not be the second slot it'll be the third slot there as you guys can see

third slot there as you guys can see that would be a channel that you're

that would be a channel that you're filling up you're going to get better

filling up you're going to get better performance out of that and if you were

performance out of that and if you were lucky enough to have a third Ram chip

lucky enough to have a third Ram chip that would go into the second slot

that would go into the second slot closest to the CPU and if you're lucky

closest to the CPU and if you're lucky enough to have a fourth one it'll go

enough to have a fourth one it'll go into the slot that's the furthest away

into the slot that's the furthest away from the CPU nowadays that's not the

from the CPU nowadays that's not the case you're going to have to really go

case you're going to have to really go and check your motherboard you'll find

and check your motherboard you'll find it on most motherboards and I mean that

it on most motherboards and I mean that in the literal sense on the motherboard

in the literal sense on the motherboard right next to the RAM chips it will tell

right next to the RAM chips it will tell you or show you which Ram slot you're

you or show you which Ram slot you're supposed to start with so that gaming

supposed to start with so that gaming machine I've been showing you guys all

machine I've been showing you guys all along it does not want me to start with

along it does not want me to start with a slot closer to the CPU instead I'm

a slot closer to the CPU instead I'm supposed to start with a slot that is

supposed to start with a slot that is second to the CPU second furthest away

second to the CPU second furthest away so I'm supposed to start of slot two

so I'm supposed to start of slot two there and then slot four which is

there and then slot four which is actually what the channel B arrows are

actually what the channel B arrows are pointing towards there so I'll show you

pointing towards there so I'll show you guys in just a moment heck I might as

guys in just a moment heck I might as well show you guys now so let me show

well show you guys now so let me show you guys I'm going to quickly switch

you guys I'm going to quickly switch over and I'm going to zoom in on my

over and I'm going to zoom in on my motherboard pay attention you'll see

motherboard pay attention you'll see it's going to show you that I need to go

it's going to show you that I need to go and use slot two and Slot four first

and use slot two and Slot four first it's specifically actually says on the

it's specifically actually says on the motherboard first so I'm going to zoom

motherboard first so I'm going to zoom in on the motherboard as much as I

in on the motherboard as much as I possibly can so hopefully you guys can

possibly can so hopefully you guys can see in my video I know it's very

see in my video I know it's very difficult because it's flipp and small

difficult because it's flipp and small on the motherboard but I'm going to zoom

on the motherboard but I'm going to zoom in and then hopefully you guys can see

in and then hopefully you guys can see um that it says I need to use slot two

um that it says I need to use slot two and Slot four first that's because of a

and Slot four first that's because of a channel once I've shown you guys that on

channel once I've shown you guys that on my newer motherboard I'll switch over to

my newer motherboard I'll switch over to that old PC I've shown you guys earlier

that old PC I've shown you guys earlier for that P4 power connector and then

for that P4 power connector and then I'll show you guys how to insert the ram

I'll show you guys how to insert the ram normally when you have to insert it you

normally when you have to insert it you have to make sure the little Notch

have to make sure the little Notch inside the ram aligns so you get

inside the ram aligns so you get different kinds of ram guys you get

different kinds of ram guys you get ddr1 ddr2 DDR3 ddr4 and ddr5 now if you

ddr1 ddr2 DDR3 ddr4 and ddr5 now if you have for instance ddr4 it can only go

have for instance ddr4 it can only go into a ddr4 slot the same can be said

into a ddr4 slot the same can be said about ddr5 and all the other ones so in

about ddr5 and all the other ones so in the actual Ram chip itself it's got like

the actual Ram chip itself it's got like a little Gap and that Gap aligns with a

a little Gap and that Gap aligns with a little piece of plastic in the actual

little piece of plastic in the actual Ram slot so if you guys check in this

Ram slot so if you guys check in this little Ram slot this animated slot it's

little Ram slot this animated slot it's got a little piece of plastic sticking

got a little piece of plastic sticking out there inside the slots themselves so

out there inside the slots themselves so if this were to be a ddr5 slot only a

if this were to be a ddr5 slot only a ddr5 chip would fit in there all of them

ddr5 chip would fit in there all of them have got notches in them little holes in

have got notches in them little holes in them but it's in different locations to

them but it's in different locations to prevent you from putting the wrong type

prevent you from putting the wrong type of ram into the wrong slot so I'll show

of ram into the wrong slot so I'll show you guys that on my old machine so you

you guys that on my old machine so you guys will see me pointing out on the Ram

guys will see me pointing out on the Ram with a little hole is and you're going

with a little hole is and you're going to see me hovering the ram chip over the

to see me hovering the ram chip over the ram slot I'm going to on purposely hold

ram slot I'm going to on purposely hold it the wrong way over the ram slot and

it the wrong way over the ram slot and then you're going to see me turning at

then you're going to see me turning at 180° until it aligns with that little

180° until it aligns with that little Notch and I'm going to press it down

Notch and I'm going to press it down into the slot once you press down on the

into the slot once you press down on the ram chip in the slot guys you'll hear a

ram chip in the slot guys you'll hear a very distinctive audable click so you

very distinctive audable click so you first have to open those two sides

first have to open those two sides you'll see there on the top and at the

you'll see there on the top and at the bottom it's got these little things that

bottom it's got these little things that keeps the ram chip in place you've got

keeps the ram chip in place you've got to basically open them first you'll see

to basically open them first you'll see me do that in the video and then all you

me do that in the video and then all you do is you just put the ram chip into the

do is you just put the ram chip into the slot you press down on it from the top

slot you press down on it from the top that's all you have to do you just press

that's all you have to do you just press down on it from both sides on the left

down on it from both sides on the left and the right and you're going to hear

and the right and you're going to hear an audible click you're going to feel it

an audible click you're going to feel it click into place and you're going to

click into place and you're going to hear it click into place this will

hear it click into place this will happen on both sides of the chip so

happen on both sides of the chip so let's switch over let me first show you

let's switch over let me first show you guys on the gaming PC what it looks like

guys on the gaming PC what it looks like one eternity later all right folks here

one eternity later all right folks here we go I'm going to show you the markings

we go I'm going to show you the markings which is going to be between the CPU and

which is going to be between the CPU and the ram that's normally where you'll

the ram that's normally where you'll find these markings I'll turn on the

find these markings I'll turn on the light in just a bit for you guys there

light in just a bit for you guys there you go so if you look very carefully

you go so if you look very carefully you'll see the markings there as soon as

you'll see the markings there as soon as I get it to focus freeze the image for

I get it to focus freeze the image for you

you guys there we go right if you guys

guys there we go right if you guys checked it you'll see there on them two

checked it you'll see there on them two it says we need to use slot two and Slot

it says we need to use slot two and Slot four first before we use slot one and

four first before we use slot one and slot three so if we're use in that order

slot three so if we're use in that order then that's going to be best that's

then that's going to be best that's going to be a channel that we're going

going to be a channel that we're going to be filling up first once we filled up

to be filling up first once we filled up that channel then we'll move on to slot

that channel then we'll move on to slot one and slot three of course all right

one and slot three of course all right so now hopefully you guys could see on

so now hopefully you guys could see on the motherboard that mine says I should

the motherboard that mine says I should use slot two and four first and then I

use slot two and four first and then I can go and use the other slots let's

can go and use the other slots let's quickly show you guys what it looks like

quickly show you guys what it looks like uh when I actually go and insert that

uh when I actually go and insert that Ram I spoke of let switching over to

Ram I spoke of let switching over to that all right guys here is that old

that all right guys here is that old motherboard here's the first Ram chip

motherboard here's the first Ram chip I'm going to put it down into the first

I'm going to put it down into the first hole pressing down on it until I hear

hole pressing down on it until I hear and feel an audable click on both sides

and feel an audable click on both sides there we go there we go it's in and now

there we go there we go it's in and now the second ramp chip just making sure

the second ramp chip just making sure the notch is aligned of that piece of

the notch is aligned of that piece of plastic in the middle you can see this

plastic in the middle you can see this one is the round the wrong way around so

one is the round the wrong way around so I'm going to have to turn this one

I'm going to have to turn this one around you can see it doesn't match

around you can see it doesn't match there we go you can see it's matching

there we go you can see it's matching the little Notch inside the ram chip

the little Notch inside the ram chip matches with a little piece of plastic

matches with a little piece of plastic in the ram slot put it into the slot

in the ram slot put it into the slot press down onto it until both sides

press down onto it until both sides clicks into

clicks into place and voila we're done all right so

place and voila we're done all right so hopefully that makes a little bit more

hopefully that makes a little bit more sense to you guys it's an old PC but

sense to you guys it's an old PC but still the concept is this same I'm going

still the concept is this same I'm going to move you guys over to the next topic

to move you guys over to the next topic here in the memory section which is ECC

here in the memory section which is ECC Ram error correcting Ram is basically

Ram error correcting Ram is basically what it is so it stands for error

what it is so it stands for error correcting code the ECC and for those of

correcting code the ECC and for those of you that don't know this helps prevent

you that don't know this helps prevent bsod now usually error correcting Ram is

bsod now usually error correcting Ram is only found to be in servers so if you're

only found to be in servers so if you're going to go and look for ECC RAM for

going to go and look for ECC RAM for desktop PC you're going to have a very

desktop PC you're going to have a very hard time finding that ECC is something

hard time finding that ECC is something you'll only find with ddr5 ram you do

you'll only find with ddr5 ram you do not find it with any other kind of ram

not find it with any other kind of ram in desktop PC it's only found in ddr5

in desktop PC it's only found in ddr5 and even though it's only found in ddr5

and even though it's only found in ddr5 desktop Ram it's still not completely

desktop Ram it's still not completely the same as server Ram server Ram is

the same as server Ram server Ram is just different so the whole idea of this

just different so the whole idea of this is instead of the PC experiencing a blue

is instead of the PC experiencing a blue screen of death if it runs into some

screen of death if it runs into some sort of error in the ram which is

sort of error in the ram which is actually more common than you guys think

actually more common than you guys think instead of the PC experiencing a blue

instead of the PC experiencing a blue screen of diff the machine will go and

screen of diff the machine will go and correct itself the ram will go and

correct itself the ram will go and correct the eror itself now ddr5 can

correct the eror itself now ddr5 can kind of sort of do that but it's not

kind of sort of do that but it's not really the exact same concept as a

really the exact same concept as a server server RAM chips normally does

server server RAM chips normally does this way better it's a different way

this way better it's a different way that they actually go about it now you

that they actually go about it now you can expect to pay more for this guys

can expect to pay more for this guys you'll notice if you go buy normal

you'll notice if you go buy normal desktop ram versus server Ram there's a

desktop ram versus server Ram there's a huge price difference and that is

huge price difference and that is because server Ram has more benefits

because server Ram has more benefits it's got more things that it does and

it's got more things that it does and that obviously means the manufacturing

that obviously means the manufacturing process is different and that obviously

process is different and that obviously means the price is going to be different

means the price is going to be different the price is going to be more so the

the price is going to be more so the nutshell all you guys need to know here

nutshell all you guys need to know here is ECC is something that's built into

is ECC is something that's built into certain RAM chips like ddr5 and silver

certain RAM chips like ddr5 and silver RAM and it is used to go and correct any

RAM and it is used to go and correct any errors that the ram chip might have now

errors that the ram chip might have now usually if we did not have ECC the PC

usually if we did not have ECC the PC would run into an error in a ram and

would run into an error in a ram and since it doesn't know what the heck is

since it doesn't know what the heck is going on it dumps whatever is in the ram

going on it dumps whatever is in the ram which is one of the reasons why we call

which is one of the reasons why we call this a memory dump it's known as a bsod

this a memory dump it's known as a bsod blue screen of death it's known as a

blue screen of death it's known as a stop error like I said earlier but it's

stop error like I said earlier but it's also called a memory dump so you can

also called a memory dump so you can actually experience a blue screener

actually experience a blue screener there for many reasons one of them is

there for many reasons one of them is maybe because you're running out of ram

maybe because you're running out of ram you don't have enough RAM to have open

you don't have enough RAM to have open whatever it is you're trying to have

whatever it is you're trying to have open another reason is because your RAM

open another reason is because your RAM ran into an error and it doesn't know

ran into an error and it doesn't know how to cope with that so it just dumps

how to cope with that so it just dumps whatever is in the RAM and it basically

whatever is in the RAM and it basically wants to start with a clean slate hence

wants to start with a clean slate hence the name Memory dump all right folks

the name Memory dump all right folks let's move you into the last main

let's move you into the last main section for this module sure this is a

section for this module sure this is a this is a long module isn't it so in

this is a long module isn't it so in this last section guys this will be CPUs

this last section guys this will be CPUs we're going to be talking about

we're going to be talking about processors Central Processing Unit first

processors Central Processing Unit first topic up CPU features now one of the

topic up CPU features now one of the most obvious features that I'm sure you

most obvious features that I'm sure you guys have heard about now is the clock

guys have heard about now is the clock speed so yes the clock speed does have

speed so yes the clock speed does have an influence on how fast the CPU is but

an influence on how fast the CPU is but believe it or not that's not the only

believe it or not that's not the only thing that actually determines how fast

thing that actually determines how fast a CPU is guys so in terms of CPU speed

a CPU is guys so in terms of CPU speed yes clock speed is one of the main

yes clock speed is one of the main things but it's also other things like

things but it's also other things like multi threading you'll find that almost

multi threading you'll find that almost all CPUs these days have multi threading

all CPUs these days have multi threading so your CPU might say hey you've got

so your CPU might say hey you've got four cores but four of them are hyperin

four cores but four of them are hyperin so it will appear as if you've got maybe

so it will appear as if you've got maybe eight cores it's because these cores are

eight cores it's because these cores are hyper Fred it makes it appear like it's

hyper Fred it makes it appear like it's eight cores now what the heck does that

eight cores now what the heck does that mean it means your CPU is able to do

mean it means your CPU is able to do more in less time it's not actually

more in less time it's not actually because it's faster think of this as you

because it's faster think of this as you using both your hands to feed your mouth

using both your hands to feed your mouth now your mouth is the actual CPU your

now your mouth is the actual CPU your mouth can technically not really go

mouth can technically not really go faster your mouth is your mouth it can

faster your mouth is your mouth it can only eat so fast but if I was using only

only eat so fast but if I was using only one hand to feed my mouth there would be

one hand to feed my mouth there would be small little gaps where my mouth would

small little gaps where my mouth would not be chewing at all it's just waiting

not be chewing at all it's just waiting for my hand to pick up the the next

for my hand to pick up the the next batch of sweets or whatever this is and

batch of sweets or whatever this is and then eventually when my hand gets to my

then eventually when my hand gets to my mouth and it starts feeding my mouth

mouth and it starts feeding my mouth again only then does my mouth actually

again only then does my mouth actually start working again so imagine I've got

start working again so imagine I've got a bowl of sweets in front of me and if I

a bowl of sweets in front of me and if I was using just one hand to pick up

was using just one hand to pick up sweets to feed my mouth Yes my mouth is

sweets to feed my mouth Yes my mouth is going to chew and I'm going to eat and

going to chew and I'm going to eat and I'm going to swallow but there's small

I'm going to swallow but there's small little gaps where my mouth was done

little gaps where my mouth was done chewing and I had to wait for my hand to

chewing and I had to wait for my hand to go back down to the Bowl again to pick

go back down to the Bowl again to pick up some more sweets but if I was using

up some more sweets but if I was using both my hands I would be using my mouth

both my hands I would be using my mouth more optimally I mean obviously I don't

more optimally I mean obviously I don't want to eat like that it's just crazy

want to eat like that it's just crazy you're going to probably throw up or

you're going to probably throw up or something but if I was using one hand to

something but if I was using one hand to let's say shove some sweets into my

let's say shove some sweets into my mouth while at the same time my second

mouth while at the same time my second hand is already in the bowl picking up

hand is already in the bowl picking up the next batch of sweets my mouth would

the next batch of sweets my mouth would actually be used more optimally it's

actually be used more optimally it's going to spend less time doing nothing

going to spend less time doing nothing and more time actually chewing now so

and more time actually chewing now so I'm just using that mouth of mine more

I'm just using that mouth of mine more optimally by feeding it when it's just

optimally by feeding it when it's just doing nothing CPUs work in the same way

doing nothing CPUs work in the same way guys hyper fitting or multi threading is

guys hyper fitting or multi threading is when your CPU spends less time doing

when your CPU spends less time doing nothing and you're actually giving it

nothing and you're actually giving it something to do in those small little

something to do in those small little time frames now in a computer terms

time frames now in a computer terms there obviously going to be Nan seconds

there obviously going to be Nan seconds fraction of a second much quicker than

fraction of a second much quicker than the human mind can comprehend but that's

the human mind can comprehend but that's in essence what this concept actually

in essence what this concept actually comes down to then of course kind of did

comes down to then of course kind of did mention it single core versus multicore

mention it single core versus multicore good luck finding a CPU these days

good luck finding a CPU these days that's single core you don't really find

that's single core you don't really find those anymore the last time I saw a CP

those anymore the last time I saw a CP that was single core or you know the

that was single core or you know the last time you could still buy those was

last time you could still buy those was around

around 2008 maybe 2009 I stand to be corrected

2008 maybe 2009 I stand to be corrected obviously this does vary from country to

obviously this does vary from country to country but more or less 2008 2009 is

country but more or less 2008 2009 is when I started seeing the last single

when I started seeing the last single cores being sold after that was dual

cores being sold after that was dual core core too you would have at least

core core too you would have at least two cores inside your CPU chip and then

two cores inside your CPU chip and then it started getting quad course and then

it started getting quad course and then we started getting the i3s and i5s and

we started getting the i3s and i5s and i7s if we're looking is from an Intel

i7s if we're looking is from an Intel perspective even amd's got multiple

perspective even amd's got multiple cores so multiple cores means you can do

cores so multiple cores means you can do more I mean that's just better isn't it

more I mean that's just better isn't it now in terms of CPU features folks you

now in terms of CPU features folks you also get other features of course which

also get other features of course which they did not always have like

they did not always have like virtualization guys so many moons ago if

virtualization guys so many moons ago if you wanted to go and do something like a

you wanted to go and do something like a virtual machine for those of you that

virtual machine for those of you that know what that is if you don't know what

know what that is if you don't know what that is yet do not stress that is a

that is yet do not stress that is a topic in the course it's not in today's

topic in the course it's not in today's module but later in the course and the

module but later in the course and the later module we do discuss discuss Cloud

later module we do discuss discuss Cloud we dis we do discuss virtualization I'm

we dis we do discuss virtualization I'm going to show you guys what it is you

going to show you guys what it is you know practically we're not just going to

know practically we're not just going to explain it we'll practically show you

explain it we'll practically show you guys what virtualization is so stay

guys what virtualization is so stay tuned for that so in terms of

tuned for that so in terms of virtualization this could be a virtual

virtualization this could be a virtual computer a virtual machine and for you

computer a virtual machine and for you to be able to run that let's just say a

to be able to run that let's just say a virtual machine at this point in time

virtual machine at this point in time you needed to have a CPU that supports

you needed to have a CPU that supports virtualization many moons ago let's say

virtualization many moons ago let's say up until about 2008 2009 give or take a

up until about 2008 2009 give or take a lot of CPUs did not support this and if

lot of CPUs did not support this and if your CPU supported this you had to

your CPU supported this you had to normally go into the BIOS first you have

normally go into the BIOS first you have to go turn it on first you also had to

to go turn it on first you also had to make sure your CPU supports 64 bits

make sure your CPU supports 64 bits that's a requirement something will get

that's a requirement something will get more into depth once we get to

more into depth once we get to virualization so you have to make sure

virualization so you have to make sure your CPU supports 64-bit architecture

your CPU supports 64-bit architecture you have to make sure it supports

you have to make sure it supports virualization you had to make sure

virualization you had to make sure virtualization was turned on in the Bios

virtualization was turned on in the Bios there's a boatload of stuff you had to

there's a boatload of stuff you had to actually go check back in the day for

actually go check back in the day for you to be able to go and run

you to be able to go and run virtualization and nowadays it's just

virtualization and nowadays it's just supported by default and it's turned on

supported by default and it's turned on by default it's it's gotten to a point

by default it's it's gotten to a point where it's that common actually all

where it's that common actually all right and then folks when it comes to

right and then folks when it comes to CPUs you need to know about CPU socket

CPUs you need to know about CPU socket types yep the first one up I've got for

types yep the first one up I've got for you is zero insertion Force just zif for

you is zero insertion Force just zif for short there I'm going to give you guys a

short there I'm going to give you guys a bit of a picture to help aid with this

bit of a picture to help aid with this so you would have remembered earlier

so you would have remembered earlier when we talked about cooling systems fan

when we talked about cooling systems fan Cooling and liquid cooling and all that

Cooling and liquid cooling and all that I told you it's not always as simple as

I told you it's not always as simple as just dropping the CPU into the CPU

just dropping the CPU into the CPU socket no you've got to go and twist it

socket no you've got to go and twist it clockwise or anticlockwise until you see

clockwise or anticlockwise until you see those little notches on the side align

those little notches on the side align of the pieces of plastic you can almost

of the pieces of plastic you can almost see it in this picture so you can see

see it in this picture so you can see there top left there's a little piece of

there top left there's a little piece of plastic sticking out and you can see

plastic sticking out and you can see there's a little bit of a gap there in

there's a little bit of a gap there in the CPU so this person here is obviously

the CPU so this person here is obviously doing what I told you guys to go and do

doing what I told you guys to go and do they're just hovering it first once you

they're just hovering it first once you are sure that this is the way the CP

are sure that this is the way the CP needs to go in you can just very gently

needs to go in you can just very gently drop it into the CPU slot and there you

drop it into the CPU slot and there you go guys you don't have to go and push on

go guys you don't have to go and push on it nothing you just gently drop it into

it nothing you just gently drop it into the slot and that's it you close that

the slot and that's it you close that little latch you guys see there on the

little latch you guys see there on the left you close that latch there's a

left you close that latch there's a little lever you're going to have to

little lever you're going to have to hook into place and that's it from there

hook into place and that's it from there it's just the usual applying of the heat

it's just the usual applying of the heat baste and when you go and add your

baste and when you go and add your cooler your fan cooler or your liquid

cooler your fan cooler or your liquid cooler and all that but um at this point

cooler and all that but um at this point in time we're just focusing on the CPU

in time we're just focusing on the CPU on this specific section so so yeah guys

on this specific section so so yeah guys this zero insertion Force I can't even

this zero insertion Force I can't even pronounce that properly with me not

pronounce that properly with me not being English uh but that just basically

being English uh but that just basically means you're not going to put any

means you're not going to put any pressure on it you just gently drop it

pressure on it you just gently drop it into place assuming you've got it

into place assuming you've got it aligned correctly and that's it

aligned correctly and that's it something else you guys get is land grit

something else you guys get is land grit array we just normally refer to this as

array we just normally refer to this as LGA for short this is actually the more

LGA for short this is actually the more common one these days in the old days

common one these days in the old days LGA was kind of more on the Intel side

LGA was kind of more on the Intel side of things but nowadays it's actually

of things but nowadays it's actually just as common on the AMD CPU side of

just as common on the AMD CPU side of things now in case you folks don't know

things now in case you folks don't know or in case you haven't realized there's

or in case you haven't realized there's two main CPU manufacturers and that is

two main CPU manufacturers and that is of course Intel and AMD now LGA guys

of course Intel and AMD now LGA guys that means the pins are on the

that means the pins are on the motherboard and on the CPU side it's

motherboard and on the CPU side it's just little contact points if it was

just little contact points if it was called a pin grid array PGA instead of

called a pin grid array PGA instead of LGA you do get a pin grid as well that

LGA you do get a pin grid as well that would mean the pins would be on the CPU

would mean the pins would be on the CPU side and on the motherboard side you

side and on the motherboard side you just have little contact points but

just have little contact points but generally the more common one that

generally the more common one that you'll find with both AMD and Intel

you'll find with both AMD and Intel nowadays it's actually amds well for

nowadays it's actually amds well for quite a while their AMD was pin grid

quite a while their AMD was pin grid array but nowadays both Intel and AMD

array but nowadays both Intel and AMD you'll find are predominantly LGA that

you'll find are predominantly LGA that means the pins are on the motherboard

means the pins are on the motherboard and on the CPU if you were to go and

and on the CPU if you were to go and flip it upside down you'll see it's just

flip it upside down you'll see it's just little contact points now there's lots

little contact points now there's lots of reasoning behind this if you go check

of reasoning behind this if you go check on average which one of these two

on average which one of these two components is the more expensive one

components is the more expensive one usually not always but usually the CPU

usually not always but usually the CPU will be way more expensive than the

will be way more expensive than the motherboard so if you were to

motherboard so if you were to accidentally break a pin and that's

accidentally break a pin and that's actually a lot easier than you might

actually a lot easier than you might think if you were to bend one or break

think if you were to bend one or break one where would you be willing to

one where would you be willing to sacrifice it because you're probably

sacrifice it because you're probably going to end up losing a component if

going to end up losing a component if the pin was on the CPU then you would

the pin was on the CPU then you would lose the CPU right if it's on the

lose the CPU right if it's on the motherboard side you're going to

motherboard side you're going to probably lose that motherboard now which

probably lose that motherboard now which one of these two is more expensive that

one of these two is more expensive that is usually the CPU guys the CPU is often

is usually the CPU guys the CPU is often way more expensive than your motherboard

way more expensive than your motherboard so if you had to go and do a sacrifice

so if you had to go and do a sacrifice of one of the two which one would you

of one of the two which one would you prefer to sacrifice that will be the

prefer to sacrifice that will be the motherboard I don't know about you guys

motherboard I don't know about you guys but I would prefer to sacrifice the

but I would prefer to sacrifice the cheaper one of the two I mean yes it's

cheaper one of the two I mean yes it's still going to cost you a lot of money

still going to cost you a lot of money but the end of the day I'm going to

but the end of the day I'm going to choose the Lesser evil of the two here

choose the Lesser evil of the two here so yes land grid array is predominantly

so yes land grid array is predominantly Intel socket form factors but you do get

Intel socket form factors but you do get them on AMD as well it simply means the

them on AMD as well it simply means the pencil is on the motherboard instead of

pencil is on the motherboard instead of the pins being on the CPU socket let me

the pins being on the CPU socket let me give you guys a bit of a picture there's

give you guys a bit of a picture there's a bit of a picture unfortunately in this

a bit of a picture unfortunately in this picture you can't really see it very

picture you can't really see it very clearly even though it's very flipp and

clearly even though it's very flipp and zoomed in but those little copper things

zoomed in but those little copper things you guys see there that's actually

you guys see there that's actually depends guys so in reality if you have a

depends guys so in reality if you have a motherboard in front of you you'll

motherboard in front of you you'll probably be able to see there's a heck

probably be able to see there's a heck of a lot better but those are the little

of a lot better but those are the little copper pins and you need to be very

copper pins and you need to be very careful they're very sensitive you can

careful they're very sensitive you can very easily bend them which is why it's

very easily bend them which is why it's so important you hover the CPU over the

so important you hover the CPU over the socket and very gently drop it into

socket and very gently drop it into place and then folks you get that other

place and then folks you get that other one I spoke of pin grit array PGA so

one I spoke of pin grit array PGA so this is predominantly on AMD sockets but

this is predominantly on AMD sockets but I've seen nowadays you'll find even AMD

I've seen nowadays you'll find even AMD depends actually more on the motherboard

depends actually more on the motherboard side of things instead of the other way

side of things instead of the other way around especially the new am5

around especially the new am5 motherboards so this is a am4 slot

motherboards so this is a am4 slot That's the older generation of AMD CPU

That's the older generation of AMD CPU sockets but the new am5 sockets there

sockets but the new am5 sockets there there you'll find the CPU pins are

there you'll find the CPU pins are actually on the motherboard not the CPU

actually on the motherboard not the CPU so much so yeah times have certainly

so much so yeah times have certainly changed so the pins are on the

changed so the pins are on the CPU if it's a pin grid array and that's

CPU if it's a pin grid array and that's yeah well the old AMD CPUs are like that

yeah well the old AMD CPUs are like that the newer ones are actually like Intel

the newer ones are actually like Intel now the CPU pins are inside the socket

now the CPU pins are inside the socket of the motherboard instead of the CPU

of the motherboard instead of the CPU itself so there's a picture for you guys

itself so there's a picture for you guys in case you guys haven't seen it all

in case you guys haven't seen it all right folks that is finally finally the

right folks that is finally finally the end of the third module I apologize for

end of the third module I apologize for this being so long but the end of the

this being so long but the end of the day I have to make sure I cover

day I have to make sure I cover absolutely everything otherwise well

absolutely everything otherwise well they might ask you a question about it

they might ask you a question about it in the exam and then you're going to

in the exam and then you're going to find your foot in your mouth and that's

find your foot in your mouth and that's not going to be a situation you want to

not going to be a situation you want to be in so the idea here is for you to be

be in so the idea here is for you to be able to answer these questions in the

able to answer these questions in the exam confidently and on that note at the

exam confidently and on that note at the end of this playlist I am going to add a

end of this playlist I am going to add a bunch of custom practice questions for

bunch of custom practice questions for you guys as well so stay tuned for that

you guys as well so stay tuned for that I might actually start releasing those

I might actually start releasing those before the course is even finished so

before the course is even finished so just keep an eye out for that uh but it

just keep an eye out for that uh but it will be at the very end of the playlist

will be at the very end of the playlist there's probably going to be a whole

there's probably going to be a whole bunch of them just to help you guys the

bunch of them just to help you guys the whole purpose of those practice

whole purpose of those practice questions is they are intended to test

questions is they are intended to test your knowledge on what you've learned in

your knowledge on what you've learned in this course to see if you're ready to go

this course to see if you're ready to go and sit for the actual official exams

and sit for the actual official exams um it's not the actual questions from

um it's not the actual questions from the exam but they do cover the same

the exam but they do cover the same objectives and they do cover the same

objectives and they do cover the same topics at the same level and all that so

topics at the same level and all that so if you can get those questions right

if you can get those questions right then generally you should be okay to go

then generally you should be okay to go and set for the real

and set for the real exam and then folks I also have a

exam and then folks I also have a patreon if you haven't checked it out

patreon if you haven't checked it out yet that link is in the video

yet that link is in the video description down below there you'll

description down below there you'll usually find additional A+ material and

usually find additional A+ material and also additional material for other

also additional material for other courses so maybe go check that out

courses so maybe go check that out before we conclude this video folks just

before we conclude this video folks just a shout out and a thank you to all the

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YouTube Transcript:CompTIA A+ Full Course for Beginners - Module 3 - Installing System Devices

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CompTIA A+ Full Course for Beginners - Module 3 - Installing System Devices