hard drives they're not prone to shock as soon as they shock you know as soon
as soon as they shock you know as soon as you drop them the hard drive is going
as you drop them the hard drive is going to kick the bucket solid state hard
to kick the bucket solid state hard drives vote they've got no moving Parts
drives vote they've got no moving Parts hence the name solid state so solid
hence the name solid state so solid state hard drives you can go and drop
state hard drives you can go and drop them on the floor and nothing bad's
them on the floor and nothing bad's going to happen guys all right folks let
going to happen guys all right folks let me move you on to the next topic
me move you on to the next topic redundant array of independent discs now
redundant array of independent discs now that is obviously a mouthful this is
that is obviously a mouthful this is actually more commonly known as raid for
actually more commonly known as raid for short everybody including myself just
short everybody including myself just refers to this as raid it's very rare
refers to this as raid it's very rare you'll hear someone ever say the full
you'll hear someone ever say the full name unless it's in a class test or
name unless it's in a class test or something but generally we just call
something but generally we just call this raid now for those of you who don't
this raid now for those of you who don't know what red is folks this is generally
know what red is folks this is generally something you'll go and do with hard
something you'll go and do with hard drives either in a server room
drives either in a server room environment or in a desktop computer
environment or in a desktop computer environment but you can actually also go
environment but you can actually also go do this on a couple of other devices
do this on a couple of other devices such as NAS drive so this is used to
such as NAS drive so this is used to achieve things like fault tolerance
achieve things like fault tolerance sometimes referred to as redundancy it's
sometimes referred to as redundancy it's also used to achieve speed and what you
also used to achieve speed and what you guys might not know yet is you get
guys might not know yet is you get different kinds of raid you get raid
different kinds of raid you get raid zero raate one raate five 6 10 15 and so
zero raate one raate five 6 10 15 and so on and so forth depending on which one
on and so forth depending on which one of these you go and use out of those
of these you go and use out of those I've just listed that will obviously
I've just listed that will obviously determine what benefits you get whether
determine what benefits you get whether you getting full tolerance whether you
you getting full tolerance whether you getting speed whether you getting
getting speed whether you getting multiple benefits here it will also
multiple benefits here it will also determine how many hard drives you need
determine how many hard drives you need because there's actually a minimum
because there's actually a minimum amount of hard drives you need to be
amount of hard drives you need to be able to achieve this thing called raid
able to achieve this thing called raid so some of them needs a minimum of for
so some of them needs a minimum of for example two hard drives some of these
example two hard drives some of these raid types needs for example a minimum
raid types needs for example a minimum of three hard drives depending on which
of three hard drives depending on which one you're using that will obviously
one you're using that will obviously dictate how many hard drives you're
dictate how many hard drives you're going to need at a minimum
going to need at a minimum all right and then in terms of which
all right and then in terms of which raids you need to know um there's
raids you need to know um there's actually three main ones you need to
actually three main ones you need to know if you know the other ones that's
know if you know the other ones that's just a bonus the three main ones you
just a bonus the three main ones you need to know within the A+ course which
need to know within the A+ course which they will definitely ask you about in
they will definitely ask you about in the exam is rate zero guys you
the exam is rate zero guys you definitely need to know rate zero they
definitely need to know rate zero they will ask you about raate one and no you
will ask you about raate one and no you do not get a raid two or a raid three
do not get a raid two or a raid three then you also get a raid five these I've
then you also get a raid five these I've just listed it's very important you know
just listed it's very important you know what their benefits is it's very
what their benefits is it's very important you know how many hard drives
important you know how many hard drives they need at a minimum that kinds of
they need at a minimum that kinds of stuff so you need to know what they do
stuff so you need to know what they do so some of them do something called
so some of them do something called striping some of them do something
striping some of them do something called mirroring some of them use a
called mirroring some of them use a parody bits you need to know their
parody bits you need to know their benefits you need to know what they do
benefits you need to know what they do and the minimum amount of hard drive now
and the minimum amount of hard drive now once again folks if you do know the
once again folks if you do know the other rates uh the rate six and 10 and
other rates uh the rate six and 10 and 15 and all those other ones that's a
15 and all those other ones that's a massive bonus so I definitely encourage
massive bonus so I definitely encourage you to look into those as well but these
you to look into those as well but these three are the main ones you need to know
three are the main ones you need to know from an exam perspective now if we look
from an exam perspective now if we look at the first one there guys raid zero if
at the first one there guys raid zero if you were to go and do that it gives you
you were to go and do that it gives you the benefit of speed it does something
the benefit of speed it does something called striping you spell it like
called striping you spell it like stripping but it's striping so raate
stripping but it's striping so raate zero it gives you speed but it does not
zero it gives you speed but it does not give you fa tolerance it does not give
give you fa tolerance it does not give you redundancy it only gives you speed
you redundancy it only gives you speed or performance however you want to float
or performance however you want to float this boat and it uses something called
this boat and it uses something called or it does something called striping to
or it does something called striping to achieve that goal now if we look at the
achieve that goal now if we look at the next one here raid one that one does not
next one here raid one that one does not give you speed or performance but it
give you speed or performance but it does however give you fault tolerance or
does however give you fault tolerance or should I say redundancy so in the event
should I say redundancy so in the event of one of your hard drives failing you
of one of your hard drives failing you will not lose any data at least that's
will not lose any data at least that's the idea here instead all you can do
the idea here instead all you can do here is you can just go and remove that
here is you can just go and remove that failed hard drive put in a new clean
failed hard drive put in a new clean fresh one and there you go it's going to
fresh one and there you go it's going to start recovering automatically by itself
start recovering automatically by itself it's not going to give you speed vote
it's not going to give you speed vote this is just to give you full tolerance
this is just to give you full tolerance in the event of something going wrong
in the event of something going wrong like one of your hard drives failing for
like one of your hard drives failing for whatever reason then the third one we've
whatever reason then the third one we've got there on the list folks raid five
got there on the list folks raid five this one gives you speed SL performance
this one gives you speed SL performance like rate zero but it also gives you
like rate zero but it also gives you full tolerance SL redundancy see like
full tolerance SL redundancy see like raed one so it gives you the best of
raed one so it gives you the best of both worlds and it also uses something
both worlds and it also uses something called a parity bit now if you look at
called a parity bit now if you look at the first one there raid zero and also
the first one there raid zero and also the second one there raid one those you
the second one there raid one those you can technically do on a desktop PC
can technically do on a desktop PC although that's not something you'll see
although that's not something you'll see nowadays because there's just no need
nowadays because there's just no need for us to go and do that there's other
for us to go and do that there's other ways we can go back up our data and to
ways we can go back up our data and to get more performance I mean coming at
get more performance I mean coming at this from a performance perspective if
this from a performance perspective if you look at rate zero in the old days
you look at rate zero in the old days you needed a minimum of two hard drives
you needed a minimum of two hard drives to achieve that yes a minimum of two
to achieve that yes a minimum of two hard drives folks you need to have a
hard drives folks you need to have a special motherboard and knowledge of
special motherboard and knowledge of raid and you had to go and configure it
raid and you had to go and configure it which was quite a mission of note
which was quite a mission of note nowadays if you want speed just go get
nowadays if you want speed just go get yourself a solid state drive or better
yourself a solid state drive or better yet one of those you put on the
yet one of those you put on the motherboard that's going to give you
motherboard that's going to give you massive speed so there's no need for us
massive speed so there's no need for us to go and do raid zero in a normal
to go and do raid zero in a normal desktop PC anymore raid one which is
desktop PC anymore raid one which is more for full tolerance that also needs
more for full tolerance that also needs a minimum of two hard drives now we do
a minimum of two hard drives now we do still use that ever so often but not in
still use that ever so often but not in our computers this is something you'll
our computers this is something you'll maybe find on a Nash drive if you know
maybe find on a Nash drive if you know what a Nash Drive is Nas is short for
what a Nash Drive is Nas is short for network attached storage device not a
network attached storage device not a topic for today but that is covered
topic for today but that is covered later in the A+ course so if you want to
later in the A+ course so if you want to know more about that stay tuned in the
know more about that stay tuned in the A+ course alternatively you can just go
A+ course alternatively you can just go and look it up if you are in a rush as
and look it up if you are in a rush as for rate Five Guys that is something
for rate Five Guys that is something you'll normally find on a server rate
you'll normally find on a server rate Five is way more expensive because it
Five is way more expensive because it needs a minimum of three hard drives to
needs a minimum of three hard drives to achieve its goal goal so rate zero
achieve its goal goal so rate zero minimum of two rate one a minimum of two
minimum of two rate one a minimum of two hard drives and rate Five a minimum of
hard drives and rate Five a minimum of three hard drives are required so there
three hard drives are required so there you have it guys rate zero gives you
you have it guys rate zero gives you speed or performance you need at least
speed or performance you need at least two hard drives to achieve that goal
two hard drives to achieve that goal rate one minimum of two hard drives
rate one minimum of two hard drives gives you full tolerance redundancy rate
gives you full tolerance redundancy rate Five minimum of three hard drives give
Five minimum of three hard drives give you both speed and fault tolerance now
you both speed and fault tolerance now if you look at rate zero which does
if you look at rate zero which does speed you know there's a concept called
speed you know there's a concept called striping and all of that if you have two
striping and all of that if you have two hard drives because that's the minimum
hard drives because that's the minimum you're going to need your data will
you're going to need your data will effectively be split half half over
effectively be split half half over these two hard drives they're not going
these two hard drives they're not going to be clones of one another they're not
to be clones of one another they're not going to be the same your data is going
going to be the same your data is going to be split half half over these two
to be split half half over these two hard drives so you're basically going to
hard drives so you're basically going to be reading from both of them at the same
be reading from both of them at the same time now in most computers at least in
time now in most computers at least in the old days the hard drive was the
the old days the hard drive was the slowest component it doesn't help you
slowest component it doesn't help you very much you've got such a fast CPU and
very much you've got such a fast CPU and lots of ram that might be fast but then
lots of ram that might be fast but then you've got this old hard drive that can
you've got this old hard drive that can only feed the information at a certain
only feed the information at a certain speed to the CP and all of that that
speed to the CP and all of that that doesn't help you very much now does it
doesn't help you very much now does it so to help aid with that in the old days
so to help aid with that in the old days you can go and add two hard drives split
you can go and add two hard drives split the information between these two hard
the information between these two hard drives and have them feed the CPU and
drives and have them feed the CPU and the ram all of that both at the same
the ram all of that both at the same time giving you a little bit of a speed
time giving you a little bit of a speed boost if you will nowadays it's not
boost if you will nowadays it's not needed to do that you can just go get
needed to do that you can just go get yourself a solate drive and you're going
yourself a solate drive and you're going to be Aces if you look at raid one you
to be Aces if you look at raid one you need a minimum of two hard drives and it
need a minimum of two hard drives and it does something called mirroring in other
does something called mirroring in other words it makes a clone so rate zero does
words it makes a clone so rate zero does something called striping rate one does
something called striping rate one does something called mirroring it makes a
something called mirroring it makes a clone so you're going to have two hard
clone so you're going to have two hard drives but unlike rate zero it's going
drives but unlike rate zero it's going to be half half and raate one these two
to be half half and raate one these two hard drives folks are exact replicas of
hard drives folks are exact replicas of one another they're clones so you're not
one another they're clones so you're not going to get speed out of this but you
going to get speed out of this but you are going to get fault tolerance or
are going to get fault tolerance or redundancy so in the event of one of
redundancy so in the event of one of these two hard drives failing for
these two hard drives failing for whatever reason they're going to go kick
whatever reason they're going to go kick the bucket maybe it's a lightning strike
the bucket maybe it's a lightning strike maybe it's just a wear and tear whatever
maybe it's just a wear and tear whatever the case might be you're not going to
the case might be you're not going to lose any data you simply remove the
lose any data you simply remove the failed hard drive put a new blank one in
failed hard drive put a new blank one in and there you go now suggestion I'm
and there you go now suggestion I'm going to make for you folks here this is
going to make for you folks here this is really going to help you guys um in the
really going to help you guys um in the field this is not something you need to
field this is not something you need to know for the exam is keep these two hard
know for the exam is keep these two hard drives preferably the same size
drives preferably the same size and preferably keep them the same brand
and preferably keep them the same brand brand wise that's just for compatibility
brand wise that's just for compatibility reasons it's not supposed to cause any
reasons it's not supposed to cause any issues but yet a lot of times in it if
issues but yet a lot of times in it if you mix Brands I'm not promoting or
you mix Brands I'm not promoting or demoting any Brands here but if you mix
demoting any Brands here but if you mix Brands it gives you the weirdest
Brands it gives you the weirdest weirdest of errors and glitches and bugs
weirdest of errors and glitches and bugs and stuff so you're going to choose a
and stuff so you're going to choose a brand whatever brand you want but stick
brand whatever brand you want but stick to that brand so once one of these
to that brand so once one of these drives fails one day put in preferably
drives fails one day put in preferably the same brand also put preferably in
the same brand also put preferably in the same size it doesn't help it's a 1
the same size it doesn't help it's a 1 tby drive that's completely full with 1
tby drive that's completely full with 1 tab worth of data and now the secondary
tab worth of data and now the secondary drive you go put in is a 1.5 terabyte
drive you go put in is a 1.5 terabyte you're going to be wasting half a
you're going to be wasting half a terabyte here why would you do that so
terabyte here why would you do that so if you can put preferably in the same um
if you can put preferably in the same um size hard drive and preferably the same
size hard drive and preferably the same brand I know it's not always going to be
brand I know it's not always going to be possible but try guys now moving on to
possible but try guys now moving on to rate Five folks that one does something
rate Five folks that one does something called striping and mirroring because it
called striping and mirroring because it gives us both speed and F tolerance so
gives us both speed and F tolerance so does striping it does mirroring and
does striping it does mirroring and you're able to lose at least one hard
you're able to lose at least one hard drive here so in the event of one of
drive here so in the event of one of these three hard drives failing you're
these three hard drives failing you're not going to lose any data the server
not going to lose any data the server can carry on like normal the users would
can carry on like normal the users would be none the wiser and this gives you
be none the wiser and this gives you time as a technician to silently fix
time as a technician to silently fix this stuff in the background you can fix
this stuff in the background you can fix it in 5 minutes an hour or a day or two
it in 5 minutes an hour or a day or two it's up to you but generally we
it's up to you but generally we recommend you get your your button gear
recommend you get your your button gear here you do it as quickly as possible
here you do it as quickly as possible because you never know when the second
because you never know when the second hard drive might fail should you lose
hard drive might fail should you lose more than one hard drive in the raid 5
more than one hard drive in the raid 5 aray yes then you do lose your data the
aray yes then you do lose your data the chances of that happening folks is very
chances of that happening folks is very very unlikely but yeah we don't want to
very unlikely but yeah we don't want to go and test our luck you now do we so
go and test our luck you now do we so get your butt in gear and once one of
get your butt in gear and once one of these hard drives fails please swap it
these hard drives fails please swap it as quickly as possible now the fun thing
as quickly as possible now the fun thing about these servers is these drives on a
about these servers is these drives on a server are hot swappable guys if you
server are hot swappable guys if you don't know what that term means it means
don't know what that term means it means you do not need to turn the server off
you do not need to turn the server off to swap the hard drives so in a server
to swap the hard drives so in a server environment you'll have these big tall
environment you'll have these big tall cases that's got lots of little lights
cases that's got lots of little lights that should be green for the most part
that should be green for the most part at least they're usually green and in
at least they're usually green and in the event of one of these drives in your
the event of one of these drives in your rate Five array failing usually you'll
rate Five array failing usually you'll hear some sort of beep and the drive
hear some sort of beep and the drive that's failed will have a red light on
that's failed will have a red light on it now instead of green light you don't
it now instead of green light you don't have to turn the server off you can
have to turn the server off you can actually go and take the hard drive out
actually go and take the hard drive out while the server is running it's got
while the server is running it's got this little latch you're going to loosen
this little latch you're going to loosen you're going to pull it out you're going
you're going to pull it out you're going to put a new Fresh one in and you're
to put a new Fresh one in and you're going to hook it back into place and VOA
going to hook it back into place and VOA there you go unlike a computer normal
there you go unlike a computer normal computer normal desktop PC for instance
computer normal desktop PC for instance you can't go and do that stunt you've
you can't go and do that stunt you've got to turn that PC off and only once
got to turn that PC off and only once it's actually turned off can you go and
it's actually turned off can you go and remove hard drives and put a new one in
remove hard drives and put a new one in servers generally no servers usually
servers generally no servers usually hard drives are hot soble because we
hard drives are hot soble because we don't have time to shut them down it's
don't have time to shut them down it's quite literally a case of time as money
quite literally a case of time as money the longer it's off the more money this
the longer it's off the more money this company loses not something you want to
company loses not something you want to be in anyway folks we are still in the
be in anyway folks we are still in the category of storage let's move you guys
category of storage let's move you guys on to removable storage drives now
on to removable storage drives now without me giving you guys any pictures
without me giving you guys any pictures or explaining anything you probably have
or explaining anything you probably have a fairly good idea of what this is so
a fairly good idea of what this is so there's a couple of pictures for you
there's a couple of pictures for you guys animated but still so the top right
guys animated but still so the top right hand side we've got ourselves an
hand side we've got ourselves an external hard drive roughly the form
external hard drive roughly the form factor of a laptop hard drive very in
factor of a laptop hard drive very in the middle we've got a memory stick or
the middle we've got a memory stick or as some folks call it a flash drive you
as some folks call it a flash drive you can call it many things we've got a
can call it many things we've got a memory card or a memory card adapter and
memory card or a memory card adapter and there at the bottom we've got a memory
there at the bottom we've got a memory card reader if you've got a memory card
card reader if you've got a memory card you'll find a lot of laptops these days
you'll find a lot of laptops these days can actually read them by default
can actually read them by default they've got some sort of memory card
they've got some sort of memory card rear built into them somewhere along the
rear built into them somewhere along the lines maybe not all of them but a lot of
lines maybe not all of them but a lot of laptops if you've got yourself a desktop
laptops if you've got yourself a desktop PC then it's normally a bit of a pickle
PC then it's normally a bit of a pickle of a situation you might have to go get
of a situation you might have to go get yourself an external memory card reader
yourself an external memory card reader and blah blah blah so the top that is
and blah blah blah so the top that is drive enclosures all right and then the
drive enclosures all right and then the last topic for this specific section
last topic for this specific section folks Optical drives now I'm not going
folks Optical drives now I'm not going to lie to you guys it pains me to
to lie to you guys it pains me to explain this topic specifically because
explain this topic specifically because this is not something you really see on
this is not something you really see on machines anymore if you go to a tech
machines anymore if you go to a tech store right now and you're going to go
store right now and you're going to go and try and buy yourself a computer
and try and buy yourself a computer you'll find it almost guaranteed there
you'll find it almost guaranteed there will not be an optical drive in it
will not be an optical drive in it whether it be a desktop PC or a laptop
whether it be a desktop PC or a laptop PC you'll find it does not have an
PC you'll find it does not have an optical drive if it does have one it's
optical drive if it does have one it's probably an old machine 10 to one maybe
probably an old machine 10 to one maybe it's old stock or so so we don't use use
it's old stock or so so we don't use use these Optical drives so I think the only
these Optical drives so I think the only thing you might use that for is to maybe
thing you might use that for is to maybe install the operating system but even
install the operating system but even that is something we don't really use
that is something we don't really use this for anymore we'll probably go and
this for anymore we'll probably go and use a memory stick or we'll install the
use a memory stick or we'll install the operating system via Network perhaps so
operating system via Network perhaps so yes these Optical drives guys we would
yes these Optical drives guys we would normally insert an optical disc into it
normally insert an optical disc into it this could be you know a compact disc
this could be you know a compact disc which we just call CDS those were
which we just call CDS those were predominantly used for music back back
predominantly used for music back back in the day but we also had storage on
in the day but we also had storage on them the average CD was approximately
them the average CD was approximately 700 megabits in size capacity so you
700 megabits in size capacity so you couldn't put a lot of information on it
couldn't put a lot of information on it but for us that was a lot um you could
but for us that was a lot um you could also go and use these Optical dis drives
also go and use these Optical dis drives for DVDs or digital versatile disc now
for DVDs or digital versatile disc now the average size for that was about 4.4
the average size for that was about 4.4 to about 4.8 gigs but you did get some
to about 4.8 gigs but you did get some of them were double than that or even
of them were double than that or even way more than double than that but the
way more than double than that but the average size was about just over 4 gigs
average size was about just over 4 gigs in capacity then which didn't really
in capacity then which didn't really catch on that much like CD and DVD we
catch on that much like CD and DVD we had Blu-ray discs BD for short now once
had Blu-ray discs BD for short now once again guys this will not be asked in the
again guys this will not be asked in the exam quite frankly this is actually not
exam quite frankly this is actually not even something you guys are going to use
even something you guys are going to use in the field but it is something that's
in the field but it is something that's in the course so since it's in the
in the course so since it's in the course here I am explaining it so let it
course here I am explaining it so let it not be said that I did not explain stuff
not be said that I did not explain stuff that was not in a course here it is but
that was not in a course here it is but U if I'm being honest guys if you're
U if I'm being honest guys if you're preparing for the exam you can actually
preparing for the exam you can actually skip this topic and just move on to the
skip this topic and just move on to the next topic right before we move move on
next topic right before we move move on to that next main section guys this is
to that next main section guys this is the part where I play a bit of a game
the part where I play a bit of a game with you guys this is completely
with you guys this is completely optional you guys don't have to play
optional you guys don't have to play along um but the guys that's been
along um but the guys that's been following my videos would normally know
following my videos would normally know what game I'm talking about so normally
what game I'm talking about so normally somewhere in most of my videos I'll have
somewhere in most of my videos I'll have a small code word or a code phrase and
a small code word or a code phrase and for those that want to play along you
for those that want to play along you can go and take this word or this phrase
can go and take this word or this phrase you can go to the comment section down
you can go to the comment section down below and you can go make a new sentence
below and you can go make a new sentence using that word or phrase now the whole
using that word or phrase now the whole idea about this random word or phrase is
idea about this random word or phrase is anybody that has not watched the video
anybody that has not watched the video up until this point is obviously going
up until this point is obviously going to be very confused as to what the
to be very confused as to what the cheese is going on so they're just
cheese is going on so they're just skimming through the comment section and
skimming through the comment section and they see you using this random code word
they see you using this random code word or phrase they'll be like why are people
or phrase they'll be like why are people talking about this object so much let's
talking about this object so much let's say it's banana that's not the code word
say it's banana that's not the code word by the way so they'll be wondering why
by the way so they'll be wondering why is everybody talking about bananas
is everybody talking about bananas what's going on here and only once they
what's going on here and only once they actually get to this point of the video
actually get to this point of the video will they see okay there that's what
will they see okay there that's what it's about so it's basically an a bit of
it's about so it's basically an a bit of an inside joke you know a little inside
an inside joke you know a little inside humor you are of course still allowed to
humor you are of course still allowed to go and ask your normal questions or
go and ask your normal questions or anything else and I will definitely get
anything else and I will definitely get back to you as well this is just a
back to you as well this is just a little fun on the side so today's code
little fun on the side so today's code word guys is Optical drives yeah since
word guys is Optical drives yeah since Optical drives is not something that's
Optical drives is not something that's in the exam and since it's also not
in the exam and since it's also not something we really need to go and use
something we really need to go and use in the industry let's let's go and help
in the industry let's let's go and help it feel a little bit less lonely see if
it feel a little bit less lonely see if you can come up with some sort of
you can come up with some sort of sentence using the word optical drive
sentence using the word optical drive you can be creative but do stick to
you can be creative but do stick to YouTube's rules do not go and swear
YouTube's rules do not go and swear anything like that otherwise the YouTube
anything like that otherwise the YouTube popo is going to be on your case so
popo is going to be on your case so let's keep it discreet guys let's see
let's keep it discreet guys let's see who can be the most creative with making
who can be the most creative with making a sentence using the words optical drive
a sentence using the words optical drive right so now that we've got that out of
right so now that we've got that out of the way for those of you that want to
the way for those of you that want to participate of that let's move on to the
participate of that let's move on to the second last main section system memory
second last main section system memory now system memory guys that's all
now system memory guys that's all obviously your RAM for the most part
obviously your RAM for the most part it's not just your RAM but it's going to
it's not just your RAM but it's going to be predominantly just your RAM the first
be predominantly just your RAM the first topic up in this section is system RAM
topic up in this section is system RAM and virtual memory which should come as
and virtual memory which should come as no surprise to you guys so let's start
no surprise to you guys so let's start you guys with the system memory so that
you guys with the system memory so that is your RAM guys random access memory is
is your RAM guys random access memory is what Ram stands for now some people will
what Ram stands for now some people will call this ram ram sticks some people
call this ram ram sticks some people will call them Ram modules the end of
will call them Ram modules the end of the day it is these little chip-like
the day it is these little chip-like items that you're going to go and slide
items that you're going to go and slide into certain slots on the motherboard
into certain slots on the motherboard we'll show you guys a picture in just a
we'll show you guys a picture in just a moment and I might as well show you guys
moment and I might as well show you guys even a little short video of how that
even a little short video of how that gets done just for fun why not now Ram
gets done just for fun why not now Ram folks which is normally located just to
folks which is normally located just to the right of most CPUs that is volatile
the right of most CPUs that is volatile memory if you were to go look at
memory if you were to go look at something like your hard drive that
something like your hard drive that would be an example of nonvolatile
would be an example of nonvolatile memory now what is this veratile that
memory now what is this veratile that I'm talking about you ask well guys that
I'm talking about you ask well guys that means anything that is in your RAM if
means anything that is in your RAM if you lose power to your machine you're
you lose power to your machine you're going to be losing power to your RAM and
going to be losing power to your RAM and anything that was in your RAM is going
anything that was in your RAM is going to be lost now how does this work well
to be lost now how does this work well guys if you have anything open on your
guys if you have anything open on your computer right now at the bottom of the
computer right now at the bottom of the taskbar would it be this YouTube video
taskbar would it be this YouTube video because if you guys are watching this on
because if you guys are watching this on a computer for instance you probably
a computer for instance you probably have a web browser open and in that web
have a web browser open and in that web browser you're most like L on YouTube
browser you're most like L on YouTube that would be an example of something
that would be an example of something that's in your RAM the web browser is in
that's in your RAM the web browser is in your RAM so anything that you've got
your RAM so anything that you've got open on your computer whether it be a
open on your computer whether it be a document a file a program a game that is
document a file a program a game that is in your RAM and if you were to lose
in your RAM and if you were to lose power to your machine especially of
power to your machine especially of desktop computers if you lose power to
desktop computers if you lose power to your machine anything that was in the
your machine anything that was in the ram would be lost now it's not lost lost
ram would be lost now it's not lost lost it's just not in the ram anymore so if
it's just not in the ram anymore so if the power comes back or you restore
the power comes back or you restore power to this machine once you start the
power to this machine once you start the machine back up you'll notice anything
machine back up you'll notice anything you had open would be closed now but
you had open would be closed now but it's not gone gone normally normally
it's not gone gone normally normally it's still stored on a hard drive which
it's still stored on a hard drive which is nonvolatile a hard drive does not
is nonvolatile a hard drive does not lose anything if power is lost you know
lose anything if power is lost you know assuming the hard drive is not failed of
assuming the hard drive is not failed of course but the RAM it loses whatever was
course but the RAM it loses whatever was open so if you had a game open and then
open so if you had a game open and then the power was suddenly missing or the
the power was suddenly missing or the power went missing the game's going to
power went missing the game's going to be closed now if you start the PC back
be closed now if you start the PC back up so once you start the machine back up
up so once you start the machine back up you would have to go and relaunch that
you would have to go and relaunch that game and once you do that it's going to
game and once you do that it's going to load it from the hard drive into your
load it from the hard drive into your RAM so it's going to be back in the ram
RAM so it's going to be back in the ram but it's going to take some work because
but it's going to take some work because you're going to have to go and start the
you're going to have to go and start the machine again you're going to have to go
machine again you're going to have to go and find that document that file that
and find that document that file that program or that game you're going to
program or that game you're going to have to go and relaunch that item and
have to go and relaunch that item and then once you relaunch the item in
then once you relaunch the item in question it will load it back into the
question it will load it back into the ram so volatile simply means whatever
ram so volatile simply means whatever was in the ram is lost loost not lost
was in the ram is lost loost not lost lost it's just closed now and once you
lost it's just closed now and once you start the machine back up again you're
start the machine back up again you're going to have to go reopen the item to
going to have to go reopen the item to well basically reload it back into your
well basically reload it back into your RAM hard drive which is not the topic
RAM hard drive which is not the topic right now is the exact opposite so if
right now is the exact opposite so if you had a file stored on a hard drive
you had a file stored on a hard drive and power was lost and you start the PC
and power was lost and you start the PC back up that file is still going to be
back up that file is still going to be there guys it's not going to be missing
there guys it's not going to be missing and then folks another type of memory
and then folks another type of memory you get in terms of system memory is
you get in terms of system memory is virtual memory this is actually also
virtual memory this is actually also sometimes referred to as page file
sometimes referred to as page file memory so it's called virtual memory
memory so it's called virtual memory it's called page file memory now if you
it's called page file memory now if you don't know what this is it is when your
don't know what this is it is when your computer uses a small portion of your
computer uses a small portion of your hard drive as if it is Ram now the hard
hard drive as if it is Ram now the hard drive is generally very slow or at least
drive is generally very slow or at least in the old days it was so if your CPU
in the old days it was so if your CPU which is the main brain of your computer
which is the main brain of your computer if it had to go and get information
if it had to go and get information directly from the hard drive especially
directly from the hard drive especially in the old days it would not be able to
in the old days it would not be able to do so quick enough your processor is
do so quick enough your processor is normally way faster than the hard drive
normally way faster than the hard drive so yes all your data and whatever is on
so yes all your data and whatever is on the hard drive but the hard drive cannot
the hard drive but the hard drive cannot give the CPU what it needs quick enough
give the CPU what it needs quick enough so to help aid with this bit of a
so to help aid with this bit of a dilemma of speed that we've got here
dilemma of speed that we've got here we've got Ram the ram is temporary
we've got Ram the ram is temporary memory but it's much much faster than
memory but it's much much faster than your average hard drive so anything that
your average hard drive so anything that you're currently busy with would be
you're currently busy with would be loaded from the hard drive into your RAM
loaded from the hard drive into your RAM temporarily because the ram is much
temporarily because the ram is much faster and then as the CPU works of that
faster and then as the CPU works of that file or that game or whatever it might
file or that game or whatever it might be it's going to go ziggity zag between
be it's going to go ziggity zag between the RAM and a CPU until you eventually
the RAM and a CPU until you eventually go and close it now in terms of ram we
go and close it now in terms of ram we are limited in how much we've got maybe
are limited in how much we've got maybe you only have 8 gigs of RAM maybe you
you only have 8 gigs of RAM maybe you only have 32 gigs of RAM the point here
only have 32 gigs of RAM the point here folks is you've got a limit as to how
folks is you've got a limit as to how much RAM you've got and you've got a
much RAM you've got and you've got a limit in as to how many things you can
limit in as to how many things you can have open your machine in one given
have open your machine in one given moment now should you ever find yourself
moment now should you ever find yourself in a pickle of a situation where your
in a pickle of a situation where your machine exceeds the amount of ram let's
machine exceeds the amount of ram let's say you've got 32 gigs of RAM but the
say you've got 32 gigs of RAM but the items you've got open is a little bit
items you've got open is a little bit more than 32 gigs what would normally
more than 32 gigs what would normally happen is the machine would crash you
happen is the machine would crash you would experience a
would experience a bsod blue screen of death it's also
bsod blue screen of death it's also known as a memory dump it's also known
known as a memory dump it's also known as a stop error now that's not only
as a stop error now that's not only reason why you would experience that but
reason why you would experience that but that could cause a blue screen of death
that could cause a blue screen of death your machine is running out of RAM and
your machine is running out of RAM and then your machine is just going to crash
then your machine is just going to crash now to help avoid this little scenario
now to help avoid this little scenario of your machine crashing on you because
of your machine crashing on you because you could potentially lose a a lot of
you could potentially lose a a lot of data and stuff that has not been saved
data and stuff that has not been saved yet we've got virtual memory it's going
yet we've got virtual memory it's going to go and use a small portion of your
to go and use a small portion of your hard drive you can go and choose how
hard drive you can go and choose how much as if it's Ram now yes we said
much as if it's Ram now yes we said earlier the hard drive is ideally not a
earlier the hard drive is ideally not a good idea because it's too flipp and
good idea because it's too flipp and slow but but if you find yourself in
slow but but if you find yourself in that pickle of a situation where your
that pickle of a situation where your RAM is up now and you've got nothing
RAM is up now and you've got nothing else then it's not that bad to have a
else then it's not that bad to have a small portion of your hard drive so you
small portion of your hard drive so you can go and say you know what I want to
can go and say you know what I want to go and dedicate one gigs or two gigs of
go and dedicate one gigs or two gigs of my hard drive as if it's Ram it's not
my hard drive as if it's Ram it's not normally going to go and use it it will
normally going to go and use it it will only use it in the event of your running
only use it in the event of your running out of ram so basically the Overflow the
out of ram so basically the Overflow the spillage will spill over to the hard
spillage will spill over to the hard drive instead of your PC just crashing
drive instead of your PC just crashing yes the PC will ever so slightly start
yes the PC will ever so slightly start slowing down because the split is now on
slowing down because the split is now on the hard drive but most of the stuff
the hard drive but most of the stuff will still be on your RAM since the ram
will still be on your RAM since the ram is now full and all of that and at least
is now full and all of that and at least you're not going to find yourself in a
you're not going to find yourself in a crashing situation so that's what
crashing situation so that's what virtual memory is you can go and choose
virtual memory is you can go and choose in a hard drive how much page file
in a hard drive how much page file memory you want to dedicate on average
memory you want to dedicate on average it's about one gigs or two gigs but if
it's about one gigs or two gigs but if you've got lots and lots of free space
you've got lots and lots of free space in your hard drive mean you might as
in your hard drive mean you might as well go and make it four gigs or so I
well go and make it four gigs or so I wouldn't recommend going more than 4
wouldn't recommend going more than 4 gigs or so because it just gets too slow
gigs or so because it just gets too slow after that now still on the topic of
after that now still on the topic of memory mean this whole section is about
memory mean this whole section is about memory let's talk a bit about multi-
memory let's talk a bit about multi- Channel system memory so I'm going to
Channel system memory so I'm going to give you guys a little bit of a picture
give you guys a little bit of a picture very much the same as what we saw in
very much the same as what we saw in module one or module 2 somewhere so this
module one or module 2 somewhere so this animated picture guys as you guys can
animated picture guys as you guys can see it's got four Ram slots there so
see it's got four Ram slots there so there on the top right hand side there
there on the top right hand side there where I'm highlighting for you guys
where I'm highlighting for you guys that's four Ram module slots you will
that's four Ram module slots you will notice two of them are like dark gray in
notice two of them are like dark gray in color or black and two of them are light
color or black and two of them are light gray that is because they are the same
gray that is because they are the same channel so ideally if you've got let's
channel so ideally if you've got let's say only two RAM chips you need to put
say only two RAM chips you need to put them on the same channel in terms of
them on the same channel in terms of bandwidth and all that so in the old
bandwidth and all that so in the old days it was best to start at the ram
days it was best to start at the ram slot closest to the CPU which would in
slot closest to the CPU which would in this case be the dark gray one next to
this case be the dark gray one next to the CPU and if you were lucky enough to
the CPU and if you were lucky enough to have a second ram chip that would go in
have a second ram chip that would go in the second dark gray slot so it would
the second dark gray slot so it would not be the second slot it'll be the
not be the second slot it'll be the third slot there as you guys can see
third slot there as you guys can see that would be a channel that you're
that would be a channel that you're filling up you're going to get better
filling up you're going to get better performance out of that and if you were
performance out of that and if you were lucky enough to have a third Ram chip
lucky enough to have a third Ram chip that would go into the second slot
that would go into the second slot closest to the CPU and if you're lucky
closest to the CPU and if you're lucky enough to have a fourth one it'll go
enough to have a fourth one it'll go into the slot that's the furthest away
into the slot that's the furthest away from the CPU nowadays that's not the
from the CPU nowadays that's not the case you're going to have to really go
case you're going to have to really go and check your motherboard you'll find
and check your motherboard you'll find it on most motherboards and I mean that
it on most motherboards and I mean that in the literal sense on the motherboard
in the literal sense on the motherboard right next to the RAM chips it will tell
right next to the RAM chips it will tell you or show you which Ram slot you're
you or show you which Ram slot you're supposed to start with so that gaming
supposed to start with so that gaming machine I've been showing you guys all
machine I've been showing you guys all along it does not want me to start with
along it does not want me to start with a slot closer to the CPU instead I'm
a slot closer to the CPU instead I'm supposed to start with a slot that is
supposed to start with a slot that is second to the CPU second furthest away
second to the CPU second furthest away so I'm supposed to start of slot two
so I'm supposed to start of slot two there and then slot four which is
there and then slot four which is actually what the channel B arrows are
actually what the channel B arrows are pointing towards there so I'll show you
pointing towards there so I'll show you guys in just a moment heck I might as
guys in just a moment heck I might as well show you guys now so let me show
well show you guys now so let me show you guys I'm going to quickly switch
you guys I'm going to quickly switch over and I'm going to zoom in on my
over and I'm going to zoom in on my motherboard pay attention you'll see
motherboard pay attention you'll see it's going to show you that I need to go
it's going to show you that I need to go and use slot two and Slot four first
and use slot two and Slot four first it's specifically actually says on the
it's specifically actually says on the motherboard first so I'm going to zoom
motherboard first so I'm going to zoom in on the motherboard as much as I
in on the motherboard as much as I possibly can so hopefully you guys can
possibly can so hopefully you guys can see in my video I know it's very
see in my video I know it's very difficult because it's flipp and small
difficult because it's flipp and small on the motherboard but I'm going to zoom
on the motherboard but I'm going to zoom in and then hopefully you guys can see
in and then hopefully you guys can see um that it says I need to use slot two
um that it says I need to use slot two and Slot four first that's because of a
and Slot four first that's because of a channel once I've shown you guys that on
channel once I've shown you guys that on my newer motherboard I'll switch over to
my newer motherboard I'll switch over to that old PC I've shown you guys earlier
that old PC I've shown you guys earlier for that P4 power connector and then
for that P4 power connector and then I'll show you guys how to insert the ram
I'll show you guys how to insert the ram normally when you have to insert it you
normally when you have to insert it you have to make sure the little Notch
have to make sure the little Notch inside the ram aligns so you get
inside the ram aligns so you get different kinds of ram guys you get
different kinds of ram guys you get ddr1 ddr2 DDR3 ddr4 and ddr5 now if you
ddr1 ddr2 DDR3 ddr4 and ddr5 now if you have for instance ddr4 it can only go
have for instance ddr4 it can only go into a ddr4 slot the same can be said
into a ddr4 slot the same can be said about ddr5 and all the other ones so in
about ddr5 and all the other ones so in the actual Ram chip itself it's got like
the actual Ram chip itself it's got like a little Gap and that Gap aligns with a
a little Gap and that Gap aligns with a little piece of plastic in the actual
little piece of plastic in the actual Ram slot so if you guys check in this
Ram slot so if you guys check in this little Ram slot this animated slot it's
little Ram slot this animated slot it's got a little piece of plastic sticking
got a little piece of plastic sticking out there inside the slots themselves so
out there inside the slots themselves so if this were to be a ddr5 slot only a
if this were to be a ddr5 slot only a ddr5 chip would fit in there all of them
ddr5 chip would fit in there all of them have got notches in them little holes in
have got notches in them little holes in them but it's in different locations to
them but it's in different locations to prevent you from putting the wrong type
prevent you from putting the wrong type of ram into the wrong slot so I'll show
of ram into the wrong slot so I'll show you guys that on my old machine so you
you guys that on my old machine so you guys will see me pointing out on the Ram
guys will see me pointing out on the Ram with a little hole is and you're going
with a little hole is and you're going to see me hovering the ram chip over the
to see me hovering the ram chip over the ram slot I'm going to on purposely hold
ram slot I'm going to on purposely hold it the wrong way over the ram slot and
it the wrong way over the ram slot and then you're going to see me turning at
then you're going to see me turning at 180° until it aligns with that little
180° until it aligns with that little Notch and I'm going to press it down
Notch and I'm going to press it down into the slot once you press down on the
into the slot once you press down on the ram chip in the slot guys you'll hear a
ram chip in the slot guys you'll hear a very distinctive audable click so you
very distinctive audable click so you first have to open those two sides
first have to open those two sides you'll see there on the top and at the
you'll see there on the top and at the bottom it's got these little things that
bottom it's got these little things that keeps the ram chip in place you've got
keeps the ram chip in place you've got to basically open them first you'll see
to basically open them first you'll see me do that in the video and then all you
me do that in the video and then all you do is you just put the ram chip into the
do is you just put the ram chip into the slot you press down on it from the top
slot you press down on it from the top that's all you have to do you just press
that's all you have to do you just press down on it from both sides on the left
down on it from both sides on the left and the right and you're going to hear
and the right and you're going to hear an audible click you're going to feel it
an audible click you're going to feel it click into place and you're going to
click into place and you're going to hear it click into place this will
hear it click into place this will happen on both sides of the chip so
happen on both sides of the chip so let's switch over let me first show you
let's switch over let me first show you guys on the gaming PC what it looks like
guys on the gaming PC what it looks like one eternity later all right folks here
one eternity later all right folks here we go I'm going to show you the markings
we go I'm going to show you the markings which is going to be between the CPU and
which is going to be between the CPU and the ram that's normally where you'll
the ram that's normally where you'll find these markings I'll turn on the
find these markings I'll turn on the light in just a bit for you guys there
light in just a bit for you guys there you go so if you look very carefully
you go so if you look very carefully you'll see the markings there as soon as
you'll see the markings there as soon as I get it to focus freeze the image for
I get it to focus freeze the image for you
you guys there we go right if you guys
guys there we go right if you guys checked it you'll see there on them two
checked it you'll see there on them two it says we need to use slot two and Slot
it says we need to use slot two and Slot four first before we use slot one and
four first before we use slot one and slot three so if we're use in that order
slot three so if we're use in that order then that's going to be best that's
then that's going to be best that's going to be a channel that we're going
going to be a channel that we're going to be filling up first once we filled up
to be filling up first once we filled up that channel then we'll move on to slot
that channel then we'll move on to slot one and slot three of course all right
one and slot three of course all right so now hopefully you guys could see on
so now hopefully you guys could see on the motherboard that mine says I should
the motherboard that mine says I should use slot two and four first and then I
use slot two and four first and then I can go and use the other slots let's
can go and use the other slots let's quickly show you guys what it looks like
quickly show you guys what it looks like uh when I actually go and insert that
uh when I actually go and insert that Ram I spoke of let switching over to
Ram I spoke of let switching over to that all right guys here is that old
that all right guys here is that old motherboard here's the first Ram chip
motherboard here's the first Ram chip I'm going to put it down into the first
I'm going to put it down into the first hole pressing down on it until I hear
hole pressing down on it until I hear and feel an audable click on both sides
and feel an audable click on both sides there we go there we go it's in and now
there we go there we go it's in and now the second ramp chip just making sure
the second ramp chip just making sure the notch is aligned of that piece of
the notch is aligned of that piece of plastic in the middle you can see this
plastic in the middle you can see this one is the round the wrong way around so
one is the round the wrong way around so I'm going to have to turn this one
I'm going to have to turn this one around you can see it doesn't match
around you can see it doesn't match there we go you can see it's matching
there we go you can see it's matching the little Notch inside the ram chip
the little Notch inside the ram chip matches with a little piece of plastic
matches with a little piece of plastic in the ram slot put it into the slot
in the ram slot put it into the slot press down onto it until both sides
press down onto it until both sides clicks into
clicks into place and voila we're done all right so
place and voila we're done all right so hopefully that makes a little bit more
hopefully that makes a little bit more sense to you guys it's an old PC but
sense to you guys it's an old PC but still the concept is this same I'm going
still the concept is this same I'm going to move you guys over to the next topic
to move you guys over to the next topic here in the memory section which is ECC
here in the memory section which is ECC Ram error correcting Ram is basically
Ram error correcting Ram is basically what it is so it stands for error
what it is so it stands for error correcting code the ECC and for those of
correcting code the ECC and for those of you that don't know this helps prevent
you that don't know this helps prevent bsod now usually error correcting Ram is
bsod now usually error correcting Ram is only found to be in servers so if you're
only found to be in servers so if you're going to go and look for ECC RAM for
going to go and look for ECC RAM for desktop PC you're going to have a very
desktop PC you're going to have a very hard time finding that ECC is something
hard time finding that ECC is something you'll only find with ddr5 ram you do
you'll only find with ddr5 ram you do not find it with any other kind of ram
not find it with any other kind of ram in desktop PC it's only found in ddr5
in desktop PC it's only found in ddr5 and even though it's only found in ddr5
and even though it's only found in ddr5 desktop Ram it's still not completely
desktop Ram it's still not completely the same as server Ram server Ram is
the same as server Ram server Ram is just different so the whole idea of this
just different so the whole idea of this is instead of the PC experiencing a blue
is instead of the PC experiencing a blue screen of death if it runs into some
screen of death if it runs into some sort of error in the ram which is
sort of error in the ram which is actually more common than you guys think
actually more common than you guys think instead of the PC experiencing a blue
instead of the PC experiencing a blue screen of diff the machine will go and
screen of diff the machine will go and correct itself the ram will go and
correct itself the ram will go and correct the eror itself now ddr5 can
correct the eror itself now ddr5 can kind of sort of do that but it's not
kind of sort of do that but it's not really the exact same concept as a
really the exact same concept as a server server RAM chips normally does
server server RAM chips normally does this way better it's a different way
this way better it's a different way that they actually go about it now you
that they actually go about it now you can expect to pay more for this guys
can expect to pay more for this guys you'll notice if you go buy normal
you'll notice if you go buy normal desktop ram versus server Ram there's a
desktop ram versus server Ram there's a huge price difference and that is
huge price difference and that is because server Ram has more benefits
because server Ram has more benefits it's got more things that it does and
it's got more things that it does and that obviously means the manufacturing
that obviously means the manufacturing process is different and that obviously
process is different and that obviously means the price is going to be different
means the price is going to be different the price is going to be more so the
the price is going to be more so the nutshell all you guys need to know here
nutshell all you guys need to know here is ECC is something that's built into
is ECC is something that's built into certain RAM chips like ddr5 and silver
certain RAM chips like ddr5 and silver RAM and it is used to go and correct any
RAM and it is used to go and correct any errors that the ram chip might have now
errors that the ram chip might have now usually if we did not have ECC the PC
usually if we did not have ECC the PC would run into an error in a ram and
would run into an error in a ram and since it doesn't know what the heck is
since it doesn't know what the heck is going on it dumps whatever is in the ram
going on it dumps whatever is in the ram which is one of the reasons why we call
which is one of the reasons why we call this a memory dump it's known as a bsod
this a memory dump it's known as a bsod blue screen of death it's known as a
blue screen of death it's known as a stop error like I said earlier but it's
stop error like I said earlier but it's also called a memory dump so you can
also called a memory dump so you can actually experience a blue screener
actually experience a blue screener there for many reasons one of them is
there for many reasons one of them is maybe because you're running out of ram
maybe because you're running out of ram you don't have enough RAM to have open
you don't have enough RAM to have open whatever it is you're trying to have
whatever it is you're trying to have open another reason is because your RAM
open another reason is because your RAM ran into an error and it doesn't know
ran into an error and it doesn't know how to cope with that so it just dumps
how to cope with that so it just dumps whatever is in the RAM and it basically
whatever is in the RAM and it basically wants to start with a clean slate hence
wants to start with a clean slate hence the name Memory dump all right folks
the name Memory dump all right folks let's move you into the last main
let's move you into the last main section for this module sure this is a
section for this module sure this is a this is a long module isn't it so in
this is a long module isn't it so in this last section guys this will be CPUs
this last section guys this will be CPUs we're going to be talking about
we're going to be talking about processors Central Processing Unit first
processors Central Processing Unit first topic up CPU features now one of the
topic up CPU features now one of the most obvious features that I'm sure you
most obvious features that I'm sure you guys have heard about now is the clock
guys have heard about now is the clock speed so yes the clock speed does have
speed so yes the clock speed does have an influence on how fast the CPU is but
an influence on how fast the CPU is but believe it or not that's not the only
believe it or not that's not the only thing that actually determines how fast
thing that actually determines how fast a CPU is guys so in terms of CPU speed
a CPU is guys so in terms of CPU speed yes clock speed is one of the main
yes clock speed is one of the main things but it's also other things like
things but it's also other things like multi threading you'll find that almost
multi threading you'll find that almost all CPUs these days have multi threading
all CPUs these days have multi threading so your CPU might say hey you've got
so your CPU might say hey you've got four cores but four of them are hyperin
four cores but four of them are hyperin so it will appear as if you've got maybe
so it will appear as if you've got maybe eight cores it's because these cores are
eight cores it's because these cores are hyper Fred it makes it appear like it's
hyper Fred it makes it appear like it's eight cores now what the heck does that
eight cores now what the heck does that mean it means your CPU is able to do
mean it means your CPU is able to do more in less time it's not actually
more in less time it's not actually because it's faster think of this as you
because it's faster think of this as you using both your hands to feed your mouth
using both your hands to feed your mouth now your mouth is the actual CPU your
now your mouth is the actual CPU your mouth can technically not really go
mouth can technically not really go faster your mouth is your mouth it can
faster your mouth is your mouth it can only eat so fast but if I was using only
only eat so fast but if I was using only one hand to feed my mouth there would be
one hand to feed my mouth there would be small little gaps where my mouth would
small little gaps where my mouth would not be chewing at all it's just waiting
not be chewing at all it's just waiting for my hand to pick up the the next
for my hand to pick up the the next batch of sweets or whatever this is and
batch of sweets or whatever this is and then eventually when my hand gets to my
then eventually when my hand gets to my mouth and it starts feeding my mouth
mouth and it starts feeding my mouth again only then does my mouth actually
again only then does my mouth actually start working again so imagine I've got
start working again so imagine I've got a bowl of sweets in front of me and if I
a bowl of sweets in front of me and if I was using just one hand to pick up
was using just one hand to pick up sweets to feed my mouth Yes my mouth is
sweets to feed my mouth Yes my mouth is going to chew and I'm going to eat and
going to chew and I'm going to eat and I'm going to swallow but there's small
I'm going to swallow but there's small little gaps where my mouth was done
little gaps where my mouth was done chewing and I had to wait for my hand to
chewing and I had to wait for my hand to go back down to the Bowl again to pick
go back down to the Bowl again to pick up some more sweets but if I was using
up some more sweets but if I was using both my hands I would be using my mouth
both my hands I would be using my mouth more optimally I mean obviously I don't
more optimally I mean obviously I don't want to eat like that it's just crazy
want to eat like that it's just crazy you're going to probably throw up or
you're going to probably throw up or something but if I was using one hand to
something but if I was using one hand to let's say shove some sweets into my
let's say shove some sweets into my mouth while at the same time my second
mouth while at the same time my second hand is already in the bowl picking up
hand is already in the bowl picking up the next batch of sweets my mouth would
the next batch of sweets my mouth would actually be used more optimally it's
actually be used more optimally it's going to spend less time doing nothing
going to spend less time doing nothing and more time actually chewing now so
and more time actually chewing now so I'm just using that mouth of mine more
I'm just using that mouth of mine more optimally by feeding it when it's just
optimally by feeding it when it's just doing nothing CPUs work in the same way
doing nothing CPUs work in the same way guys hyper fitting or multi threading is
guys hyper fitting or multi threading is when your CPU spends less time doing
when your CPU spends less time doing nothing and you're actually giving it
nothing and you're actually giving it something to do in those small little
something to do in those small little time frames now in a computer terms
time frames now in a computer terms there obviously going to be Nan seconds
there obviously going to be Nan seconds fraction of a second much quicker than
fraction of a second much quicker than the human mind can comprehend but that's
the human mind can comprehend but that's in essence what this concept actually
in essence what this concept actually comes down to then of course kind of did
comes down to then of course kind of did mention it single core versus multicore
mention it single core versus multicore good luck finding a CPU these days
good luck finding a CPU these days that's single core you don't really find
that's single core you don't really find those anymore the last time I saw a CP
those anymore the last time I saw a CP that was single core or you know the
that was single core or you know the last time you could still buy those was
last time you could still buy those was around
around 2008 maybe 2009 I stand to be corrected
2008 maybe 2009 I stand to be corrected obviously this does vary from country to
obviously this does vary from country to country but more or less 2008 2009 is
country but more or less 2008 2009 is when I started seeing the last single
when I started seeing the last single cores being sold after that was dual
cores being sold after that was dual core core too you would have at least
core core too you would have at least two cores inside your CPU chip and then
two cores inside your CPU chip and then it started getting quad course and then
it started getting quad course and then we started getting the i3s and i5s and
we started getting the i3s and i5s and i7s if we're looking is from an Intel
i7s if we're looking is from an Intel perspective even amd's got multiple
perspective even amd's got multiple cores so multiple cores means you can do
cores so multiple cores means you can do more I mean that's just better isn't it
more I mean that's just better isn't it now in terms of CPU features folks you
now in terms of CPU features folks you also get other features of course which
also get other features of course which they did not always have like
they did not always have like virtualization guys so many moons ago if
virtualization guys so many moons ago if you wanted to go and do something like a
you wanted to go and do something like a virtual machine for those of you that
virtual machine for those of you that know what that is if you don't know what
know what that is if you don't know what that is yet do not stress that is a
that is yet do not stress that is a topic in the course it's not in today's
topic in the course it's not in today's module but later in the course and the
module but later in the course and the later module we do discuss discuss Cloud
later module we do discuss discuss Cloud we dis we do discuss virtualization I'm
we dis we do discuss virtualization I'm going to show you guys what it is you
going to show you guys what it is you know practically we're not just going to
know practically we're not just going to explain it we'll practically show you
explain it we'll practically show you guys what virtualization is so stay
guys what virtualization is so stay tuned for that so in terms of
tuned for that so in terms of virtualization this could be a virtual
virtualization this could be a virtual computer a virtual machine and for you
computer a virtual machine and for you to be able to run that let's just say a
to be able to run that let's just say a virtual machine at this point in time
virtual machine at this point in time you needed to have a CPU that supports
you needed to have a CPU that supports virtualization many moons ago let's say
virtualization many moons ago let's say up until about 2008 2009 give or take a
up until about 2008 2009 give or take a lot of CPUs did not support this and if
lot of CPUs did not support this and if your CPU supported this you had to
your CPU supported this you had to normally go into the BIOS first you have
normally go into the BIOS first you have to go turn it on first you also had to
to go turn it on first you also had to make sure your CPU supports 64 bits
make sure your CPU supports 64 bits that's a requirement something will get
that's a requirement something will get more into depth once we get to
more into depth once we get to virualization so you have to make sure
virualization so you have to make sure your CPU supports 64-bit architecture
your CPU supports 64-bit architecture you have to make sure it supports
you have to make sure it supports virualization you had to make sure
virualization you had to make sure virtualization was turned on in the Bios
virtualization was turned on in the Bios there's a boatload of stuff you had to
there's a boatload of stuff you had to actually go check back in the day for
actually go check back in the day for you to be able to go and run
you to be able to go and run virtualization and nowadays it's just
virtualization and nowadays it's just supported by default and it's turned on
supported by default and it's turned on by default it's it's gotten to a point
by default it's it's gotten to a point where it's that common actually all
where it's that common actually all right and then folks when it comes to
right and then folks when it comes to CPUs you need to know about CPU socket
CPUs you need to know about CPU socket types yep the first one up I've got for
types yep the first one up I've got for you is zero insertion Force just zif for
you is zero insertion Force just zif for short there I'm going to give you guys a
short there I'm going to give you guys a bit of a picture to help aid with this
bit of a picture to help aid with this so you would have remembered earlier
so you would have remembered earlier when we talked about cooling systems fan
when we talked about cooling systems fan Cooling and liquid cooling and all that
Cooling and liquid cooling and all that I told you it's not always as simple as
I told you it's not always as simple as just dropping the CPU into the CPU
just dropping the CPU into the CPU socket no you've got to go and twist it
socket no you've got to go and twist it clockwise or anticlockwise until you see
clockwise or anticlockwise until you see those little notches on the side align
those little notches on the side align of the pieces of plastic you can almost
of the pieces of plastic you can almost see it in this picture so you can see
see it in this picture so you can see there top left there's a little piece of
there top left there's a little piece of plastic sticking out and you can see
plastic sticking out and you can see there's a little bit of a gap there in
there's a little bit of a gap there in the CPU so this person here is obviously
the CPU so this person here is obviously doing what I told you guys to go and do
doing what I told you guys to go and do they're just hovering it first once you
they're just hovering it first once you are sure that this is the way the CP
are sure that this is the way the CP needs to go in you can just very gently
needs to go in you can just very gently drop it into the CPU slot and there you
drop it into the CPU slot and there you go guys you don't have to go and push on
go guys you don't have to go and push on it nothing you just gently drop it into
it nothing you just gently drop it into the slot and that's it you close that
the slot and that's it you close that little latch you guys see there on the
little latch you guys see there on the left you close that latch there's a
left you close that latch there's a little lever you're going to have to
little lever you're going to have to hook into place and that's it from there
hook into place and that's it from there it's just the usual applying of the heat
it's just the usual applying of the heat baste and when you go and add your
baste and when you go and add your cooler your fan cooler or your liquid
cooler your fan cooler or your liquid cooler and all that but um at this point
cooler and all that but um at this point in time we're just focusing on the CPU
in time we're just focusing on the CPU on this specific section so so yeah guys
on this specific section so so yeah guys this zero insertion Force I can't even
this zero insertion Force I can't even pronounce that properly with me not
pronounce that properly with me not being English uh but that just basically
being English uh but that just basically means you're not going to put any
means you're not going to put any pressure on it you just gently drop it
pressure on it you just gently drop it into place assuming you've got it
into place assuming you've got it aligned correctly and that's it
aligned correctly and that's it something else you guys get is land grit
something else you guys get is land grit array we just normally refer to this as
array we just normally refer to this as LGA for short this is actually the more
LGA for short this is actually the more common one these days in the old days
common one these days in the old days LGA was kind of more on the Intel side
LGA was kind of more on the Intel side of things but nowadays it's actually
of things but nowadays it's actually just as common on the AMD CPU side of
just as common on the AMD CPU side of things now in case you folks don't know
things now in case you folks don't know or in case you haven't realized there's
or in case you haven't realized there's two main CPU manufacturers and that is
two main CPU manufacturers and that is of course Intel and AMD now LGA guys
of course Intel and AMD now LGA guys that means the pins are on the
that means the pins are on the motherboard and on the CPU side it's
motherboard and on the CPU side it's just little contact points if it was
just little contact points if it was called a pin grid array PGA instead of
called a pin grid array PGA instead of LGA you do get a pin grid as well that
LGA you do get a pin grid as well that would mean the pins would be on the CPU
would mean the pins would be on the CPU side and on the motherboard side you
side and on the motherboard side you just have little contact points but
just have little contact points but generally the more common one that
generally the more common one that you'll find with both AMD and Intel
you'll find with both AMD and Intel nowadays it's actually amds well for
nowadays it's actually amds well for quite a while their AMD was pin grid
quite a while their AMD was pin grid array but nowadays both Intel and AMD
array but nowadays both Intel and AMD you'll find are predominantly LGA that
you'll find are predominantly LGA that means the pins are on the motherboard
means the pins are on the motherboard and on the CPU if you were to go and
and on the CPU if you were to go and flip it upside down you'll see it's just
flip it upside down you'll see it's just little contact points now there's lots
little contact points now there's lots of reasoning behind this if you go check
of reasoning behind this if you go check on average which one of these two
on average which one of these two components is the more expensive one
components is the more expensive one usually not always but usually the CPU
usually not always but usually the CPU will be way more expensive than the
will be way more expensive than the motherboard so if you were to
motherboard so if you were to accidentally break a pin and that's
accidentally break a pin and that's actually a lot easier than you might
actually a lot easier than you might think if you were to bend one or break
think if you were to bend one or break one where would you be willing to
one where would you be willing to sacrifice it because you're probably
sacrifice it because you're probably going to end up losing a component if
going to end up losing a component if the pin was on the CPU then you would
the pin was on the CPU then you would lose the CPU right if it's on the
lose the CPU right if it's on the motherboard side you're going to
motherboard side you're going to probably lose that motherboard now which
probably lose that motherboard now which one of these two is more expensive that
one of these two is more expensive that is usually the CPU guys the CPU is often
is usually the CPU guys the CPU is often way more expensive than your motherboard
way more expensive than your motherboard so if you had to go and do a sacrifice
so if you had to go and do a sacrifice of one of the two which one would you
of one of the two which one would you prefer to sacrifice that will be the
prefer to sacrifice that will be the motherboard I don't know about you guys
motherboard I don't know about you guys but I would prefer to sacrifice the
but I would prefer to sacrifice the cheaper one of the two I mean yes it's
cheaper one of the two I mean yes it's still going to cost you a lot of money
still going to cost you a lot of money but the end of the day I'm going to
but the end of the day I'm going to choose the Lesser evil of the two here
choose the Lesser evil of the two here so yes land grid array is predominantly
so yes land grid array is predominantly Intel socket form factors but you do get
Intel socket form factors but you do get them on AMD as well it simply means the
them on AMD as well it simply means the pencil is on the motherboard instead of
pencil is on the motherboard instead of the pins being on the CPU socket let me
the pins being on the CPU socket let me give you guys a bit of a picture there's
give you guys a bit of a picture there's a bit of a picture unfortunately in this
a bit of a picture unfortunately in this picture you can't really see it very
picture you can't really see it very clearly even though it's very flipp and
clearly even though it's very flipp and zoomed in but those little copper things
zoomed in but those little copper things you guys see there that's actually
you guys see there that's actually depends guys so in reality if you have a
depends guys so in reality if you have a motherboard in front of you you'll
motherboard in front of you you'll probably be able to see there's a heck
probably be able to see there's a heck of a lot better but those are the little
of a lot better but those are the little copper pins and you need to be very
copper pins and you need to be very careful they're very sensitive you can
careful they're very sensitive you can very easily bend them which is why it's
very easily bend them which is why it's so important you hover the CPU over the
so important you hover the CPU over the socket and very gently drop it into
socket and very gently drop it into place and then folks you get that other
place and then folks you get that other one I spoke of pin grit array PGA so
one I spoke of pin grit array PGA so this is predominantly on AMD sockets but
this is predominantly on AMD sockets but I've seen nowadays you'll find even AMD
I've seen nowadays you'll find even AMD depends actually more on the motherboard
depends actually more on the motherboard side of things instead of the other way
side of things instead of the other way around especially the new am5
around especially the new am5 motherboards so this is a am4 slot
motherboards so this is a am4 slot That's the older generation of AMD CPU
That's the older generation of AMD CPU sockets but the new am5 sockets there
sockets but the new am5 sockets there there you'll find the CPU pins are
there you'll find the CPU pins are actually on the motherboard not the CPU
actually on the motherboard not the CPU so much so yeah times have certainly
so much so yeah times have certainly changed so the pins are on the
changed so the pins are on the CPU if it's a pin grid array and that's
CPU if it's a pin grid array and that's yeah well the old AMD CPUs are like that
yeah well the old AMD CPUs are like that the newer ones are actually like Intel
the newer ones are actually like Intel now the CPU pins are inside the socket
now the CPU pins are inside the socket of the motherboard instead of the CPU
of the motherboard instead of the CPU itself so there's a picture for you guys
itself so there's a picture for you guys in case you guys haven't seen it all
in case you guys haven't seen it all right folks that is finally finally the
right folks that is finally finally the end of the third module I apologize for
end of the third module I apologize for this being so long but the end of the
this being so long but the end of the day I have to make sure I cover
day I have to make sure I cover absolutely everything otherwise well
absolutely everything otherwise well they might ask you a question about it
they might ask you a question about it in the exam and then you're going to
in the exam and then you're going to find your foot in your mouth and that's
find your foot in your mouth and that's not going to be a situation you want to
not going to be a situation you want to be in so the idea here is for you to be
be in so the idea here is for you to be able to answer these questions in the
able to answer these questions in the exam confidently and on that note at the
exam confidently and on that note at the end of this playlist I am going to add a
end of this playlist I am going to add a bunch of custom practice questions for
bunch of custom practice questions for you guys as well so stay tuned for that
you guys as well so stay tuned for that I might actually start releasing those
I might actually start releasing those before the course is even finished so
before the course is even finished so just keep an eye out for that uh but it
just keep an eye out for that uh but it will be at the very end of the playlist
will be at the very end of the playlist there's probably going to be a whole
there's probably going to be a whole bunch of them just to help you guys the
bunch of them just to help you guys the whole purpose of those practice
whole purpose of those practice questions is they are intended to test
questions is they are intended to test your knowledge on what you've learned in
your knowledge on what you've learned in this course to see if you're ready to go
this course to see if you're ready to go and sit for the actual official exams
and sit for the actual official exams um it's not the actual questions from
um it's not the actual questions from the exam but they do cover the same
the exam but they do cover the same objectives and they do cover the same
objectives and they do cover the same topics at the same level and all that so
topics at the same level and all that so if you can get those questions right
if you can get those questions right then generally you should be okay to go
then generally you should be okay to go and set for the real
and set for the real exam and then folks I also have a
exam and then folks I also have a patreon if you haven't checked it out
patreon if you haven't checked it out yet that link is in the video
yet that link is in the video description down below there you'll
description down below there you'll usually find additional A+ material and
usually find additional A+ material and also additional material for other
also additional material for other courses so maybe go check that out
courses so maybe go check that out before we conclude this video folks just
before we conclude this video folks just a shout out and a thank you to all the
a shout out and a thank you to all the supporters and the sponsors of this
supporters and the sponsors of this channel thank you very much guys uh even
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say super thanks or something you know thanks for those guys um for those of
thanks for those guys um for those of you making PayPal donations there's a
you making PayPal donations there's a list of some of the PayPal donors thank
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and then folks just quickly if you haven't heard me say it before the
haven't heard me say it before the channel does have a Discord server you
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description down below so what do you want to you know sponsor the channel or
want to you know sponsor the channel or me in some sort of way whether do you
me in some sort of way whether do you want to join the Discord server all of
want to join the Discord server all of that is in the video description down
that is in the video description down below the Discord server is literally
below the Discord server is literally the very last link in the video
the very last link in the video description at the very very bottom it's
description at the very very bottom it's a free it community of like-minded
a free it community of like-minded people like you and me some of them are
people like you and me some of them are studying for A+ some of them have
studying for A+ some of them have finished A+ if you've got a question you
finished A+ if you've got a question you can ask it there there's bound to be
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a little bit you can do that there as well either way fun community of
well either way fun community of like-minded people so feel free to go
like-minded people so feel free to go and check that out too guys all right
and check that out too guys all right folks I will will see you in module 4 of
folks I will will see you in module 4 of the coma A+ course
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