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A4. Fish Bone Diagram and Tips for Root Cause Analysis
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hi everyone welcome back we will now
continue our discussion on the second
root cause analysis tool fishbone
diagram if there is one famous fish
it's the fishbone diagram fishbone
diagram is also called as cause and
effect diagram or Ishikawa diagram this
is a tool used to analyze cause and
effect relationship just like the YY
analysis you can use your team's process
knowledge about the entire process so we
ate an effective cause and effect
diagram and this is created by Carter
Ishikawa way back 1968 most of the time
we are having difficulty to connect each
root causes to our problem statement
maybe it's because we're lacking context
or process familiarity make sure that
when you're doing root cause analysis
either you are a process expert or
you're with a process expert for you to
have the better and more reliable root
cause analysis for your team now for a
root cause analysis using fishbone
diagram we use the picture given below
on the right side you can see the head
of the fishbone which states effect
remember in our Y as a function of X Y
is our effect therefore Y is our problem
now when you're doing your fishbone
diagram or chicawa analysis make sure
that the head of the fishbone contains
the problem statement just like when
you're doing your YY analysis the top of
the Yui 3 s your problem statement on
the left side there are causes on the
box you have to put what we call the
major causes this our man-machine method
material measurement environment as we
recite it we're starting with mine but
in actual root cause analysis as much as
possible you will look into the main
component the least it's because it will
lead you to blame the person and not
realizing that it could be a problem
that relates to your process in root
cause analysis it's very important to
get well into the process component why
is there a problem the heart of eight a
fishbone diagram first generate
potential causes of a problem through
being stormy just like what we studied
earlier second
a horizontal arrow pointing to the right
this is cool that's fine this is the
largest arrow that is connected to the
head of the fishbowl decide upon the
major class categories of the event
problem our key characteristics that is
being studied number four right the
major cost categories on the left hand
side of the people and draw lines to
them off to the main horizontal line
make sure that the arrows are all
towards the horizontal line or the spine
number five conduct a wire analysis by
asking why questions that can lead to
the potential root causes as you
remember during our YY analysis
discussion this can be a tool that can
be integrated to fishbone diagram so
when you create your fishbone diagram
you can actually do wire analysis inside
a fishbone diagram or you can do a wire
analysis outside the fishbone diagram
it's up to you to choose depending on
your comfort level number six look for
causes that appear repeatedly this may
represent root causes look for what you
can measure in each cause so you can
quantify the effects of any changes you
make most importantly identify encircle
the causes that you can take action to
these are some tips and techniques that
you can use when you're doing your
fishbone diagram remember that our main
objective is for us to gain a list of
potential root causes that we can
validate using data and we can improve
on the next phase now let's take an
example this is an example of a custom
order lead time that is greater than
seven days we have material people
methods and machinery under material we
have material and parts on available low
stuff of cost of materials in warehouse
long lead time for required parts for
methods we have no standard procedures
outlined for building procedures on
people we have high employee turnover ly
under insufficient number of skilled
workers and lack of training and
motivation while for machinery we have
lack of maintenance frequent energy
breakdowns affecting operations and
product change over takes longer for
cost of products
when we're doing a fishbone diagram and
even on YY analysis make sure that you
state your potential root causes in a
negative tone just like what has been
presented in this particular example
let's take another example this time
bat-burgers we have six major categories
machines methods materials environment
measurements and personnel do you
observe something different with this
fishbone diagram yes there is something
different with this fishbone because the
arrows are pointed outside and not
inside or towards the spine it should be
always towards the spine so this one is
a flood fishbone diagram but let's take
the consideration of looking at into it
now it is stated that there are bad
burgers because of material why because
of the raw material why because it's not
fresh or it is not as per prescribed
quality or it can also be because of an
hygienic packaging it can also be
because of methods because of the recipe
because it's flawed and it's that
followed it could also be because of
machines because the storage and cooking
equipment is square in maintenance and
is poor in hygiene it's also because of
the environment because of too hot will
impact quality of food and humidity also
affects food quality or measurements
because of the incorrect quantity of
spices and personnel because of
mishandling due to and hygienic storage
and insufficient training on how to cope
in store as you can see almost
everything in this fishbone diagram is
flood this is what I'm telling you that
you have to follow the tip on how to
state properly here potential root causes
causes
just like materials which is raw
material so what's something wrong with
the raw material in the first place how
about recipe so what's wrong about
recipe so you should have stated it in a
manner that it could be negative so
always remember those tips let's look
into another example
this time high coolant consumption again
there are six major categories let's
start with environment evaporation in
hot seasons and then machine machine
leakage machine breakdown trench gets
other materials black hoses and form a
thought we have adjusting concentration
settings and then adding a material to
the tank directly under material we have
biocide level and we have anti a foam
level for measure we have not measured
on time rounding of measurements and the
nut measured per line separately and for
man lack of training and poor
communication between shifts so as you
can see this is a more tactical example
for the coolant consumption what's
missing the arrows so don't forget the
arrows that points toward the spine now
here are some tips in order for you to
have a good root cause analysis first
you have to ask yourself how relevant
are the questions and answers to the
original xry you are investigating this
is very critical because you have to ask
the right questions if you happen to ask
the wrong question
you will be led into something that is
not related to your problem next did you
find a root cause that helps you control
or avoid the situation this is another
challenge for root cause analysis
practitioners because you have to put
context in everything that you do during
root cause analysis you can connect the
dots but if there is no context then
that's nonsense context will play a
vital role in this activity third are
the questions and answer significant
enough considering your project scope
you have to consider the scope of your
project that is why as early as the
define phase we have identified the
scope for us to refrain ourselves in
committing what we call the scope creep
or being dragged into activities that
are outside our scope and can you
validate a potential root cause
using the relevant data this is one of
the critical question that you have to
ask yourself
if you think that it's a potential good
cause good for validation then check it
out if you can put data to prove that
then good but if not I think you have to
go back and check it again so these are
the tips that you can consider using
when you're doing your root cause analysis
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