Hang tight while we fetch the video data and transcripts. This only takes a moment.
Connecting to YouTube player…
Fetching transcript data…
We’ll display the transcript, summary, and all view options as soon as everything loads.
Next steps
Loading transcript tools…
LOS COLORES DOCUMENTAL: DESCIFRANDO EL CÓDIGO DE LOS COLORES (2): HACIENDO COLORES | JL Castelo | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: LOS COLORES DOCUMENTAL: DESCIFRANDO EL CÓDIGO DE LOS COLORES (2): HACIENDO COLORES
Skip watching entire videos - get the full transcript, search for keywords, and copy with one click.
Share:
Video Transcript
Colors are fundamental to
expressing who we are and what our
Originally, pigments and
nature. Over time, the
creation of new colors has
evolved at the same pace as
cultural and
technological changes. Today, there are more
perceive.
We have always sought out new shades
because we need them. They tell our [Music]
history. Various fields of study
have come together to define and understand
colors. The sciences, the arts,
history, psychology and
anthropology. Each of these
disciplines provides a piece of the
puzzle, an opportunity to delve into
the color code, colors, a
Colors. Here you see the people of before.
Our ancestors, ancestors came. The whole
tribe lived
here. You can see that there were many
The spirit of creation is for
many indigenous Australian peoples
a rainbow serpent that can take
human or
animal form. The rainbow serpent is the
most colorful being in all is associated with
creativity and in a way is
mother nature for the kunu inu tribe the
rainbow in the sky represents the soul of
that creative serpent that travels from one
another the colors express their [Music]
spirituality in the land of territor
kunu inu there are many stories about
about
colors they say that the spirits of
children live in the puddles and that they
look like tiny spots of color or
brightly colored fish people through
painting and the stories that
are linked to it try to sneak into
the ancestral power of their ancestors
to give meaning to their lives and preserve
traditions the colors act as a
oldest
known pigments are ochre from the earth and the
bonfires ochre is the pigment that
lasts the longest because its grains are very
fine it also penetrates the pores of
the sandstones and clings to them
strongly that is why it resists thousands of
rainy seasons however colors
like white are much thicker they
stick to the surface and are the
later To get paint from
ochre, you need to mix it with a
thickening agent. In the past, they used to mix it
with the sap of a tree called
alonia, a very
sticky substance. To paint on rocks, they used
something else, baran lizards and kangaroos.
Well, lizard fat and
kangaroo blood, and they mixed them with the
vinyl glue. All the rock paintings
found in caves are
associated with important stories,
stories that connect people to
their lands, to other creatures, and to other
other
peoples. That's why
contemporary artists also want to leave their
mark, but keeping the
yesteryear alive. While the men paint, the
women leave baskets of dill that
resemble the ones carried by the spirit
of creation, Jana.
When they finished their
artistic compositions, they would come up
here, sit with their families, and
show their work to their children. They would
tell them stories of their lands.
We continue to come back to teach
the children about
rock art, their stories, and the colors that
[Applause] [Music]
From the beginning, the creation of
new pigments has evolved alongside
alongside
technological innovation. The first to introduce
chemical technology to the manufacture
of colors were the
Egyptians. There are legends that say
that some travelers arrived here,
bringing natron and some
copper. They built a bonfire and placed these
materials around the fire. The
next day when they woke up,
they found a substance like blue on the desert sand.
This vase is carved from a piece
of that blue material that looks like
sandstone. Let's move it a little bit. In the
Louvre Museum in Paris, they are
done this. Is this enough? Yes, from the
6th century AD onwards, almost all
the recipes for making these
pigments have
disappeared. What we're doing is
similar to the work of detectives. Here, we
made them. A
matter. A stream of protons excites
the atoms, creating an x-ray vision
that allows us to identify the
components of the pigments and even
joined them. You can see traces of silica and
quartz, which are the elements that
made up this pigment in its beginnings.
There are also small amounts of copper
calcium and silica in
different proportions The vase is
deep blue one of the first
synthetic pigments it was used mainly in
jewelry to paint on
papyrus and to decorate the inside of
tombs those mysterious objects that
we so long for were
designed to accompany the pharaoh to the
afterlife Egyptian technology manufactured
forever the manufacture of
colors was always linked to other
technologies those in charge of all
those things that make our
lives easier soaps glass metals or
plastics and modern synthetics these
industries work to produce those
products in colors that artists have already
seen recognized
on the coasts of Lebanon lives a
emperor in ancient times the color denoted
status the shell of the cañadilla the
Source of the most precious color in all the
interesting when you extract the color from
the shell it actually has no color it is
a kind of translucent liquid that
must go through a chemical process
before obtaining that bright purple hue
how did the Phoenicians to
this as it happened with the photography of
yesteryear exposure to light allows this
this
magical transformation the mucus of a gland of
this marine snail contains a
substance of indigo color blue at first
glance the bromide peruz that the cañadilla
obtains from the bottom of the sea combines with the indigo
to produce a purple dye that does not
dries it was an endless and very expensive process
that required almost 250,000 shells to
make 30 grams of
dye it was carried out in the
imperial workshops of Rome for the almost
exclusive use of the
emperor anyone who tried to
produce purple dye for
imperial dependencies ran the risk of paying for it
with their [Music]
the first Muslims came from the
Arabian Peninsula an
extremely arid environment in which
the cult of green already existed long before
Islam by green we mean the
Oases where they could quench their thirst
rest eat in general green was
associated with
life the Persian word for green
and in Medina the prophet Muhammad gathered his
followers behind a green banner and
today many Islamic countries
flags the color green is very
important to
Islamic cultures and it has led
workers to develop techniques that
ensure that the green color is
and achieving this is very complicated because the
glaze they use to obtain that color
in the
ceramics changes tone once it is
fired the city of in Morocco is
famous for the green tiles that have been
made here for more than 1 year
this trade has been passed down from father to
son for centuries
centuries [Applause]
[Applause]
to make the green color
several ingredients are needed that we
lead the first step is to melt
the lead in special furnaces
chemical furnaces we let it burn and
after about three or four hours it will have
add very finely ground and
clean silica and also 7%
[Music]
the process of making
green tiles has not changed much
since the In the 10th century when working with
metals had a
magical aspect the Islamic world made use of
novel ideas especially in
chemistry to raise the sophistication of their
techniques. At that time,
Islamic culture was much more advanced than
any European culture
and to a certain extent Europeans
relied on
Arabic knowledge. Many scholars of the time
studied their language in order to understand
technology. In Europe,
techniques from the Islamic world were used
to make the color that would
become the most appreciated throughout Christendom.
Elm is made from the latter
or the sulfide is melted or
crushed together. Once mixed, these
poisonous elements combine to
produce a pure, almost
sacred red. In the process,
alchemists found a
spiritual significance beyond the physical for
them. Mercury represented the
spirit and sulfide the material world. They
believed that by uniting the two they would obtain
obtain
gold. Alchemy undoubtedly had an
important spiritual connotation.
Substances were purified but it also
had a very pragmatic practical side.
When they referred to alchemy they
did so in the same terms that
we refer to
chemical technology a way of making [Music]
things in the Middle Ages much of the
art was religious as illiteracy
was very high the church commissioned
almost all the works of art so that
the frescoes stained glass altarpieces and
images helped to transmit the
[Music]
God the guilds were in charge of
controlling the elaboration of the colors
of preserving the patterns
materials were expensive since they could speak for
themselves the guilds would not allow
color to be adulterated gold was a very expensive material
that people could not have at home but it
was in the churches however
gold was not used because it was expensive but
because it reflected the
light this material was chosen for its
theological value rather than its economic [Music] in order for
[Music] in order for
the pigment to stick they use
egg as a weighing agent and despite its
known fragility it is incredibly
incredibly
durable from the 9th century onwards
most images were painted with
egg tempera because it dries very
quickly and the result is great
in the images they paint the
dark tones first and then the lighter ones
white reflects all the light and that
light represents God therefore
when I paint images I am praying with
painting the
the
ready The more you crush it the more
intense the red will be Chenini said that
if you crush it every day for
in the first
artistic representations of Christianity vermilion
was the most valued color it was reserved
for the most [Music]
[Music]
sacred themes an image does not represent
simple people simple matter simple
creation but rather people
without matter illuminated by the glory of
God matter is transformed and shines
by the grace of God by his presence [Music]
[Music]
but another color would come to surpass the
glory of
vermilion an extraordinary color that
comes from distant lands that would
revolutionize the cultural and
Marco
Polo traveled east and in Afghanistan he
discovered some Lauli pencil mines on his
return he would be the first to proclaim
that it was the purest and most beautiful color
even before pharaonic times the
most beautiful and most expensive lapis lazuli was
extracted from this mine in northern Afghanistan
today this striking
there The Italians gave a
magical name to this brilliant blue that
la doora verb and his team at the
ufis gallery in Florence are working on a
14th century altarpiece that
has undergone several restorations over the past 600 years
this light is used to
distinguish different pigments that
at first glance might appear
identical Exactly but in reality they are
different different Yes Exactly they
suspect that the
17th century restorers used a cobalt blue of
an inferior quality they
turn to infrared to
find out the truth if they appear
pigments that are clearly not from the
14th century whether they are earlier or
later And if we find retouches of
cobalt blue for example we will know that
original if we look at the
infrared image we can see that While
the blue of the Angel's wings becomes
red under the light of the rays
indicating the presence of lapis
lazuli in the Virgin's mantle, this blue remains
remains
dark, this reveals that it may have been
materials Alor,
his family has been taking care of this
tradition in
Florence for 300 years. I need a beautiful and
intense blue because it is a virgin
with a very dark mantle and that has
very important edges, that's why I need
something of good quality. Exactly, that
's right, I have a beautiful piece of lapis
To transform the semiprecious stone
into brilliant ultramarine, it must be
ground. The purer the lazurite, the
more intense the
pigment. In the Middle Ages, the
Florentine painter Chenino Chenini described the
process as follows:
take a good piece of lapis lazuli, the
lapis lazuli, the
more intense the blue color, the
lower the proportion of stone color. crush it in a
bronze mortar, sift it in a sieve similar to
those used by pharmacists and
then start the process again if
if
necessary. remember that the fineness of the
resulting blue will depend on the care and
worked 170 g of mastic and 80 g of wax
for every 500 g of lapis lazuli, heat them
that's fine, okay. So for your work it will be
[Music]
perfect. Ultramarine blue is one of
the most extraordinary colors we work with.
When you retouch a work and use the
same color as the original, you get the
same luminosity, the same
intensity, it's as if it suddenly
compact, it's as if
small new details began to appear that
previously seemed dormant. These
[Music]
extraordinary moments. In the Renaissance, in the
15th century, the Church was no longer the only
patron. Some merchants who had become
rich through trade
began to commission works.
secular journey. At the same time as this
social class emerged, European intellectual life
began to change. We were in the age
of humanism and art helped us see the
world in a different way, in much more
more
naturalistic terms. Painters and artists
represented much more
realistic scenes, which caused a huge demand
for new colors
if you want the world you paint to
look as real as
possible you need the colors you see out there
these new colors were arriving with
the expansion of trade routes and
artists started mixing them with
oil instead of egg it was a
major technological breakthrough with
surprising results for these oil colors they
take longer to dry and give
a different consistency to the
painting there was a search for
new techniques when it came to combining
colors they could create a more
subtle mix as well as those warm
Renaissance art the new colors
fueled an age of
artistic genius there may have been a
hidden religious undertone but
Renaissance artists felt liberated
to revel in the depiction of
by the end of the 16th century
colonial power had divided the
world colors from the
demand
much of the wealth that came to
Europe came from dyes that were
extracted from flowers plants wood and
animal products the most important challenge has
always been to ensure that the dye does not
bleed the color It is quickly obtained
for over 5000 years in the
Middle East and India they used mordants such as
alum and other metallic ales or
color a dye differs from a
pigment in that the former is absorbed
by another material while the
latter tends to stay on the
surface like
paint poppy red saffron
yellow indigo
is a shrub that grows almost
everywhere but in India it became
an industry that provided great
the yellow extract of this plant
slowly turns dark blue
air indigo
may be the oldest dye
due to its simplicity it does not
need a mordant to become
long lasting color British indigo gave color to
the clothing of factory
and farm workers around the world as well as
Prussian armies however the British wore
wore
red the soldiers of the British army
of the empire were known as the
thin red line because of the color of their
jackets that intense red It certainly helped
to camouflage any blood that might
flow from any
wound. Paradoxes of life. The
British had to buy red dye
from one of their greatest rivals for
colonial power in the Americas. Spain had
found a color that would reach almost
the same value as
gold. It was the most intense and
's a bug that is a parasite
that was formerly called
plague. According to history, I think this is
used in
large countries. Cochineal is a parasite that
The females produce carminic acid
to deter
predators. Carmen is a liquid. It is
a liquid that
thickens the color when it spreads. It already
has its ink. It already has ink. The
more mature it is, the more ink it has. That is the
the Car.
The wealth of these colonies
fueled the Industrial Revolution that
was taking place in Europe and at the
same time caused the decline of the
villages that lived off the production of
dye. Maybe it's not that good. This
cochineal needs to mature a
little. Someone else's fault. [Music]
insect in the 1850s malaria
spread from the Ecuadorian regions to
to
Europe the only known treatment was
quinine which was extracted from the bark
of a
South American tree thousands of
deas were dying from
malaria and there was not enough quinine
to help them all producing it
fervent desire in the middle of the
research process on how to produce
synthetic quinine an 18 year old student at the
Royal Institute of Chemistry in London
discovered something amazing his
name was William Henry
Perkin William Henry Perkin brought about a
series of events that have
changed the world he
was trying to convert an
artificial base into a natural alkaloid quinine
however my experiment
instead of producing a colorless quinine
produced a
reddish powder to understand this event I used
aniline aniline is a derivative of tree tar
one of the
waste products of the lighting gas industry
perkin managed to produce in a test tube a
tiny amount of a black precipitate
similar to they will remove something disgusting
let's go by adding alcohol it took on a
purple color he immediately realized that
from black garbage he had just
invented a fast-producing dye
that could bring him large
profits until then all
dyes were obtained
naturally it required a lot of
dedication sometimes it could
take three or four weeks to
dye a piece of cloth from
1856 onwards synthetic production reduces the
process and its complexity that was what
the Industrial Revolution consisted of
producing things at a much higher rate
and the dye industry
also needed a technique that
process he asked his family for a loan and
on the outskirts of London he set up a
small workshop in which he produced
large quantities of dye for the
emerging textile factories in the north of
England the discovery of the dye
preceded others of equal importance
years later perkin would produce the
first synthetic perfume and other
researchers began to take advantage
of the technology to manufacture other
things and today the vast majority
of drugs are produced following
similar guidelines cosmetics
perfumes fertilizers and plastics
etc. even car tires
or the petrol they use the
vehicles the production of all these
products is carried out in the same
tar the Industrial Revolution led to the
emergence of new color technology
experimentation was carried out with chemistry as
never before
new ways of combining elements to
obtain useful substances were sought as a result
result
color took place a palette of
new and very vivid colors emerged among whose
beneficiaries were the
French Impressionist painters these Impressionists
eliminated colors
like the ochre of yesteryear from their palettes they insisted on
using only the brightest colors and
produced works with very intense colors
too intense in fact for
contemporary taste painters like van Gogh
used these new shades to depict
depict newly
formed industrial landscapes these colors really
caused a sensation they revolutionized
perception and became art [Music]
[Music]
artists left realism behind and
delved into the abstract the subject
of the painting was no longer relevant in a
way color became the
protagonist in the end let's say
the objects themselves disappeared and what
remained were the colors because
color was so intense so rich that
artists believed they needed nothing
else that it was everything they wanted to express
express [Music]
[Music]
the 20th century was the age of consumerism and
color was used to persuade
potential customers to buy everything from
fashion to [Applause]
[Applause] automobiles
automobiles
as the decades went by
we saw the emergence of
new shades and styles that led to the
masses industries and professionals
who work with color have tried to
quantify it today there are eight main
main
color systems some are more suitable for
architecture others for printing the
system chosen will depend on the
needs one of the companies that
has classified the most colors is called pantone
and it's in new york if color were
a language they would have written a
dictionary there are those who consider me the
technical service of colors and
colorist mafia laurence herber started
working for pantone in
1956 6 years later he bought the company an
opportunity that was made possible thanks to a
a
brilliant idea i worked as a printer and i realized
realized that it was very complicated to get the exact same color that we were asked for if we didn't know what pigments had been used. The original manufacturer, a minimal variation in lighting would give away the difference. Pantone created the international language of color, which is now used all over the world, from China to India,
New York to Africa. If a color is not
enough to say red, blue or green, you
need a
complete identification. That's why we developed this
numbering system. If you say I want Pantone
485, everyone knows what shade you're
looking for. Pantone has defined
a wide range of colors very accurately. Using a
spectrometer, the shade of
each color is measured and given a name and a
number. This way, if an
advertising company in New York mentions the
Pantone code, any client in Hong
Kong will know for sure whether or not they are talking about the same
color. Suddenly, people started
using the Pantone code to
identify many other things. It was
proven. So there was this need to
define color. Now it's used to
describe even the color of fish,
plums, walnuts and
that. Coca-Cola eye is a Pantone color. that
Barbie pink can't be the owner of a color,
Tiffany blue doesn't belong to her
Although they use it on their bags they've
made it famous they can prevent
other jewelry stores from using it because it's already
associated with their company As Kodak said if you
present your film in
black and yellow packaging you're creating a brand
code they produce more colors than
our eyes are able to distinguish
and they shine more than
ever phosphorescent substances and
pixels allow us to manipulate
imagine Japanese teenagers
use various means to add
color to their
lives the clothes they wear are inspired by
movies magazines manga and traditions
I'm a fan of the group X japan even though it's
a group from a different era than mine
my style is older theirs is a little
accepting it mine thinks it's
silly but if I want to dress
why wouldn't I?
their world has been flooded with images
with it it's a fabric that changes
color garments are woven with
filaments of
the same one used for
liquid crystal screens said ink will change color if
heat is applied to the garment A heat of
electrical origin that propagates through the
metallic filaments that are woven into the
[Music]
garment although it could also be
human heat imagine being able to wear a garment
temperature if you hugged someone the color would
vary little by
little It would be lost as
example the Japanese industry has
shown interest in the idea of
midori yakira but they still have some
obstacles to overcome before launching into
into
production the big problem is that
fel fabrics cannot be
needs 45
V is a high voltage too dangerous
the search for
new colors and modern techniques that can
transform our
lifestyle has not
stopped now we also look for colors that are
glimpsed Even in the fluttering of a
a [Music]
butterfly these butterflies belong to
a collection that is more than 200 years old
the colors have not lost a the tip of the
brilliance the iridescent blue remains the
same because it is not a pigment but the
result of the reflection of light on
the structures of the wings,
structures that affect that
that
light in a special way, a large part of the intensity of this
color is due to the presence of
materials that absorb light of a
specific wavelength. Dyes,
pigments also absorb a
certain wavelength. In the field of
structural colors, we can produce
new shades from
materials that are actually
transparent. How, by using
interference as part of her
research on
optical fiber technology, Marian Large is
studying how the
structural colors of
shine. With the help of a laser, and
by varying the angle of
reflection, she achieves different levels of
color. Sometimes the response regarding the
color of these butterflies is very
interesting. Because if you look closely, you
think you see nothing, however, when you
get the right angle, that
structural color. Mari focuses on
microscopic structures with the
aim of finding a way to
take advantage of the power of color and
light all the structures we
find in the scales of
butterflies are the result of millions
of years of evolution if we could
identify materials such as
polymers that could achieve something similar it
would be a great
advance optical fibers are
composed of polymers and use light
to transport data in areas ranging
from international communication to
to
television the objective of the study
is to find out if
light could be used in the same way that
electrons are used today when the light coming from
optical fibers loaded with
information enters our house the
modem of our computer
limits it, that is to say the speed of light is
reduced to the speed of
electronics if we can apply the
physics of structural colors to
optical fibers, electron modems
will become a thing of the past
another Revolution will take place and information will
travel without restrictions at the speed of
of
light the way in which we encode
information let's say within
optical fibers consists of associating
a specific color or a
specific wavelength with each wavelength each
color will carry a very
different amount of information
nanoparticles aside the information will become immediate
immediate
the companies the media,
universities and research
will undergo a
complete transformation at first glance the houses of the
future might seem ordinary
but with just the touch of a button our
lives would be amazingly connected to the outside world
world [Music] It
[Music] It
would be more like a house of the world and
neighborhood We are a species hungry for
information a curious species and in my
opinion knowledge will be even more within
reach of our [Music]
hand will disappear the barriers between
people between countries between [Music]
[Music]
cities having access to video to
any place in the world with just the
button now that we use computers we
can all change the
wallpaper on
our own well imagine we
could change the wallpaper in our
room we could download
any image from the
internet and if the wallpaper
was made with fabric use that
room colors and technology are
still closely linked
from the structure of a
butterfly's wings to holographic reality
soon movies will be
dimensions colors a vital force
although elusive will continue to amaze and
feed our [Music]
Dreams since the beginning of time,
colors have reflected our
identity and the place we occupy in the
world. They communicate multiple messages, from
warning us of possible danger to
expressing our
religious beliefs. But
one of the great mysteries remains to be solved: how
colors affect us physically and mentally. It
is true that red upsets us and that
blue calms us. The answers are not
clear. The power of colors will be the
episode. [Music]
Click on any text or timestamp to jump to that moment in the video
Share:
Most transcripts ready in under 5 seconds
One-Click Copy125+ LanguagesSearch ContentJump to Timestamps
Paste YouTube URL
Enter any YouTube video link to get the full transcript
Transcript Extraction Form
Most transcripts ready in under 5 seconds
Get Our Chrome Extension
Get transcripts instantly without leaving YouTube. Install our Chrome extension for one-click access to any video's transcript directly on the watch page.
Chrome Extension