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Introduction to Database Management Systems | Neso Academy | YouTubeToText
YouTube Transcript: Introduction to Database Management Systems
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Video Transcript
hello everyone
and welcome to the course of database management
management
systems or in short we call it as dbms
in this video we will be seeing the
basic introduction to dbms
before dbms we were using the file
system approach
in the later videos we will see more
about file systems
and why we prefer dbms approach over the
file system approach
before we get into the topic let us see
the outlines or the topics that we are
going to cover in this video
the first one we are going to see is the
basic definitions
or the basic terminologies that we need
to know
next we'll be looking into the
definition and
functionalities of database management system
system
and then we'll be discussing about the
properties of database
next we'll be briefly looking into an
illustration of a
simplified database system environment
and then finally to understand database
and its functionalities better
we'll be looking into an example of
university database
so as we discussed first we'll be
looking into the basic definitions in
relation to dbms
the first one is data data
is any raw facts or unprocessed
facts that you can record like for example
example
any numbers name of a person name of a place
place
any kind of text images audio video
etc all these are called as data
next what is information
these unprocessed facts or otherwise
called as
data when they are processed to make a
meaningful context
then that is called as information or in
other words i can say
it is the processed data like for example
example
the age of suresh is 25. so here i take
the raw facts or the unprocessed facts
process it to make a meaningful context
and that is called as information next
let us see
what is a database database is a
collection of
related data now a random collection of data
data
or data that is not related cannot be
referred to as a database
it has to be a collection of related data
data
like for example the data in an
online banking system database has to be
related to that particular bank
similarly the data in library management
system database
has to be related to that particular
library so this is what we call as a
database the next one is metadata
metadata is nothing but the database definition
definition
or in other words i can say it is the complete
complete
description of a database or it defines
the database
information like the storage format or
the data
type of the data that we are going to
store in the database
or the constraints on the data all these
information is called as metadata
so these are the basic definitions we
have seen in the further videos we will
see more definitions in relation to dbms
next let us see the definition of
database management
system database management system
is a system to manage the database
and here managing could be either
storing of data
or retrieval of data from the database
now let's look into the proper
definition of database management system
database management system is a system
or it is a software or i can say it is a collection
collection
of programs that enables users
or that allows the users to create
and maintain the database so this is a
very simple definition
now let's move on to the functionalities
of database management system
database management system allows users
to define the database to construct
the database manipulate and
share the database now defining the database
database
involves specifying the data type
for the data that we are going to store
in the database
also specifying the structures and
constraints for the data
now constraints is nothing but the
limits on the data
like for example if i have age as the
data to be stored then i can have a constraint
constraint
say age greater than 18 so only if age
is greater than 18
then only that data can be stored in the database
database
so that is what we call as a constraint
the next functionality
constructing the database is nothing but
the process of
storing data on some storage medium
or in other words i can say it is a
storage of data
so when data is stored a database is
being constructed
the next functionality manipulation of a database
database
includes functions like querying the
database to retrieve
or to get any data that the user needs it
it
also allows users to update the database
and for generating reports the next functionality
functionality
sharing the database allows multiple
users and programs
to access the database concurrently
or simultaneously or in other words i
can say
many users can access or share the same database
database
at the same time in an efficient manner
so these are the main functionalities
that dbms provides
the other functions provided by dbms are
protection of the database from
unauthorized access
or from hardware or software failures
and also
maintenance of the database for a long
period of time
so that is with the functionalities of
database management
system next we will be discussing the properties
properties
of database there are three properties
of database
the first one is a database represents
some aspects of the real world or
otherwise called as the mini world
so anything in this mini world the objects
objects
their properties the relationships
between them
all that is represented by a database
and if there is any change in the real
world that change will also be reflected
in the
database the second property is
a database is a logically coherent collection
collection
of data with some inherent meaning
so as i said earlier a random collection
of data
or unrelated data cannot be referred to
as a database
the data in the database has to be related
related
or logically coherent the next property is
is
a database is designed and then built
and populated with data
for a specific purpose so these are the
three main properties of database
the first one is a database represents
the real world
secondly it is a logically coherent
collection of data
and thirdly a database is designed built
and then filled with data for some purpose
purpose
next let us look into an illustration of
database system
environment so here we have the users or
the programmer
who writes queries or programs and these
queries or programs are processed by the
dbms software
and then based on the processed queries
dbms software
accesses the stored data in the database
that is it accesses the stored database
as well as it accesses the metadata
as we have already seen metadata is the
database definition
so this is a simple illustration of a
database system
environment where users write their queries
queries
and it is processed by the dbms software
and based on the processed queries
dbms software accesses the store
database as well as the metadata
as we discussed in the outlines finally
to understand
a database and its functionality is
better we'll be taking an example of a
university database
that stores student and course information
information
so here i have taken three tables the
first one is the student table
which holds information about the
students in that university
the second table is the course table
which holds information about the
courses available
and third table is a grade report table
which contains
information about the grades received by
each student
in a particular course as we have seen
earlier the four functionalities
provided by dbms
let us try to understand those
functionalities better with this example
as we learn defining the database
involves specifying the data type
structures and constraints for the data
that we are going to store in the database
database
so here specifying the structure of each record
record
means specifying the different types of
data elements present in that particular record
record
so here we have three records the
student record the course record
and the grade report record and these
columns are called as data elements in
each record
now specifying a data type would be now
for example
for student name i can say the data type
should be a string of characters
or for data element role number i can
say the data
type should be an integer and so on and
we've already discussed what a
constraint is
i can give a constraint on the student
name saying that student name cannot be
null so this is all about defining the database
database
the next functionality constructing the
database is nothing but
storing data so once data is being
stored a database is being constructed
the next functionality is constructing
the database which is nothing but
storage of data
so when data is stored a database is
being constructed
then we saw database manipulation as the
next functionality
which involves querying and updating the database
database
examples of queries would be listing all
the students
in the cs branch in that university or
listing the grades received by a
particular student in each course
and then we saw sharing the database
where this particular database can be shared
shared
by many users at the same time in an
efficient manner
so this is a very simple example of a
database that i've taken
to help you understand what a database
is and also to understand its functionalities
functionalities
with this we come to the end of this
video hope you all have understood the basic
basic
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